【高二学案22】人教版高中英语选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 课时2 Reading and Thinking 阅读学案

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【高二学案22】人教版高中英语选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 课时2 Reading and Thinking 阅读学案

作者：Risibo

一、学习目标

知识目标

掌握科学家纪实说明文行文结构；积累疫病科研、实证求证类高级表达；识别主语从句、定语从句、现在分词长难句，学会划分句子主干与修饰成分。

能力目标

提升文章主旨概括、实验数据细节定位、科学家品质推理三类阅读解题能力；分层题型贴合高考阅读理解命题形式。

学科素养目标

学习约翰·斯诺大胆质疑、实地取证、严谨求证的科学精神，培养实事求是、以事实为依据的求知态度。

二、教学重难点

重点

科研纪实文总分总段落分层；时间、数据类细节定位答题技巧

难点

what主语从句、which分隔定语从句、现在分词作状语复合长难句拆解；作者科研逻辑深层推理

三、课前预习案

课文主旨

本文《John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”》记叙英国医生约翰·斯诺攻克霍乱的完整科研历程。19世纪伦敦霍乱多次大规模爆发，大众普遍相信“瘴气致病论”，斯诺大胆提出水源猜想。他走访街区收集所有病患住址，绘制死亡分布图，对比街道水泵用水数据，证实被污染的河水是霍乱传播根源，推动城市改造供水系统，用实地证据推翻错误理论，彰显实证科学的强大力量。

预习短语（英汉互译）

1. cholera outbreak ____________

2. link illness to polluted water ____________

3. 收集病患住址数据 ____________

4. 证实病菌通过污水传播 ____________

四、课堂探究案

探究1：文章结构

1. 开头：时代背景引入，霍乱肆虐，民众对病因存在两种错误猜想

2. 主体：完整科研四步——提出质疑猜想→实地采集病例数据→绘图对比水源→分析得出水污染致病结论

3. 结尾：科研成果带来城市供水改革，总结实证求真的科学价值

探究2：长难句精讲（拓展6句）

1. What John Snow suspected was that unclean pump water caused the spread of cholera.

拆解：what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句，主干为What...was that...；句意：约翰·斯诺所怀疑的是不洁水泵水引发霍乱传播。

2. The map which recorded every patient’s address linked deaths to the nearby water pump.

拆解：which后置定语修饰map，固定搭配link...to...；句意：记录每位病患住址的地图将死亡病例与附近水泵关联。

3. Having collected hundreds of patient records, he analysed the data day and night.

拆解：现在分词完成式作时间状语，动作先于主句analyse；句意：收集数百份病患记录后，他日夜分析数据。

4. It was the polluted river water that carried deadly cholera germs.

拆解：It was...that强调句型，突出主语polluted river water；句意：正是受污染的河水携带致命霍乱病菌。

5. People exposed to dirty drinking water were far more likely to fall ill.

拆解：过去分词短语exposed to作后置定语修饰people；句意：接触脏饮用水的居民更容易染病。

6. No one understood the transmission route until Snow finished his field survey.

拆解until引导时间状语从句，how宾语嵌套在knew后；句意：在斯诺完成实地调查前，没人清楚疫病传播途径。

探究3：课堂对点训练

正误判断（5题）

1. People had found cholera’s cause before Snow’s research. (T/F)

2. Most people at that time believed bad air caused cholera. (T/F)

3. Snow collected patients’ information to compare water sources. (T/F)

4. The map proved the connection between polluted water and deaths. (T/F)

5. His research improved the city’s water supply system. (T/F)

单句改错（5题，每句一处错误）

1. What Snow suspect was polluted water spread cholera.

2. The map record patients’ addresses linked illness to pumps.

3. Collect hundreds of records, he did deep data analysis.

4. It was dirty water what carried the deadly germs.

5. People expose to unclean water easily caught cholera.

五、课后巩固案

语法填空（10空）

John Snow was a famous doctor 1. ________ studied cholera in London.

2. ________ (Suspect) polluted water caused the disease, he began field research.

3. ________ (collect) plenty of patient records, he drew a special map 4. ________ marked all victims’ houses.

The map linked deaths 5. ________ the street water pumps nearby.

It 6. ________ (prove) dirty water was the source of cholera germs.

People 7. ________ (expose) to polluted water fell ill much more easily.

No one knew clearly 8. ________ the disease spread before his survey.

It was his careful data analysis 9. ________ changed urban water rules.

His spirit of seeking truth 10. ________ (inspire) scientists ever since.

翻译训练（10句）

1. 约翰·斯诺所怀疑的是被污染的水泵水造成霍乱传播。

2. 记录所有病患住址的地图将死亡病例与街边水泵关联起来。

3. 在收集数百份病患记录后，他日夜仔细分析全部数据。

4. 正是受污染的河水携带了致命的霍乱病菌。

5. 长期接触不洁饮用水的居民更容易患上霍乱。

6. 在斯诺完成实地调查前，没人清楚这种疫病的传播途径。

7. 他的实地调研彻底改造了伦敦城市供水体系。

8. 这位医生依靠实地证据找到了霍乱真正的致病根源。

9. 大量病例数据支撑了斯诺关于水源致病的科学猜想。

10. 求真务实、以证据说话的科研精神值得所有人学习。

六、参考答案

预习短语

1. 霍乱爆发

2. 将疾病与污水关联

3. collect data of patients’ addresses

4. confirm germs spread through polluted water

课堂对点训练

正误判断

1. F

2. T

3. T

4. T

5. T

单句改错

1. suspect → suspected；water后加that

2. record → recording

3. Collect → Having collected

4. what → that

5. expose → exposed

课后巩固

语法填空

1. who / that

2. Suspecting

3. Having collected

4. which / that

5. to

6. proved

7. exposed

8. how

9. that

10. has inspired

翻译训练

1. What John Snow suspected was that polluted pump water caused the spread of cholera.

2. The map which recorded all patients’ addresses linked deaths to the street water pumps nearby.

3. Having collected hundreds of patient records, he analysed all the data carefully day and night.

4. It was the polluted river water that carried deadly cholera germs.

5. People exposed to unclean drinking water were much easier to catch cholera.

6. No one knew clearly how the disease spread before Snow finished his field survey.

7. His field survey completely transformed London’s urban water supply system.

8. The doctor found the real source of cholera based on field evidence.

9. Plenty of patient data supported Snow’s scientific guess about water-borne germs.

10. The scientific spirit of seeking truth based on evidence is worthy of everyone’s study.

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