LECTURE 1
Part 1
Writing
2
Part 2 Listening
8
Part 3 Cloze
14
Part 4 Summary
17
LECTURE 2
Part 1
Writing
20
Part 2 Listening
27
Part 3 Cloze
33
Part 4 Summary
37
LECTURE 3
Part 1
Writing
40
Part 2 Listening
45
Part 3 Cloze
51
Part 4 Summary
55
LECTURE 4
Part 1
Reading
58
Part 2 Rational Cloze
72
Part 3 Summary
73
目录
Contents
LECTURE 5
Part 1
Reading
76
Part 2 Proof-reading
88
Part 3 Summary
89
LECTURE 6
Part 1
Gap-filling
92
Part 2 Task Reading
95
Part 3 Summary
100
LECTURE 7
Part 1
Reading
102
Part 2 Summary
111
LECTURE 1
Part 1
Writing
Part 2
Listening
Part 3
Cloze
Part 4
Summary
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
2
1
1
Part
1
Writing
中国文化
1
话题素材积累
词汇短语
春节
the Spring Festival (falls on the 1st day of the first lunar month)
Tang suit
唐装
put up Chinese New Year Couplets
贴春联
New Year's Eve
除夕
set off firecrackers
放鞭炮
have a family reunion dinner
吃团圆饭
make dumplings
包水饺
stuffing
馅儿
bid farewell to the old and usher in the new year /
辞旧迎新
say farewell to the old and welcome the new year
元宵节
the Lantern Festival (falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month)
watch lanterns
观灯
guess lantern riddles
猜灯谜
端午节
the Dragon Boat Festival (falls on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month)
race dragon boats
赛龙舟
eat rice dumplings / Zongzi
吃粽子
watch the dragon boat race
观看龙舟比赛
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3
1
中秋节
the Mid-autumn Festival (falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month)
eat mooncakes
吃月饼
admire the moon at night
夜间赏月
family reunion
家庭团聚
茶
be classified as...
被分作……类别
scented tea
花茶
black tea
红茶
green tea
绿茶
quench one's thirst
解渴
warm the stomach
暖胃
keep sb. energetic
提神
stimulate the appetite
促进食欲
keep slim
保持苗条
refreshing
醒神的，提神的
flavor
味道
其他
Chinese calligraphy
书法
acupuncture
针灸
Beijing Opera / Peking Opera
京剧
touching plot
感人的情节
Tai Chi
太极
Chinese martial arts
中国武术
kong fu
功夫
graceful and well-balanced movements
优雅而高度协调的动作
mental relaxation and physical fitness
身心放松
Teachers' Day
教师节
the Double Ninth Festival
重阳节
paper cutting
剪纸
Chinese knots
中国结
Chinese folk art
中国民间艺术
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
4
1
通用表达
have a keen interest in
痴迷于
be enthusiastic about
热衷于
have a strong passion for
热衷于
be eager to do
渴望做
be keen on learning more about
渴望更了解
be widely / universally acknowledged as
广为人知
enjoy great popularity (among)
（在……群体中）备受欢迎
enhance people's sense of happiness
提高人们的幸福感
in memory of
为了纪念
draw near / approach / around the corner
临近，靠近
arouse one's enthusiasm for
激发某人对……的热情
leave a deep impression on sb.
给某人留下深刻印象
have a better understanding of
对……有更好的理解
have a great effect on
对……有很大的影响
spread Chinese culture
传播中国文化
experience diverse Chinese culture
体验多元化的中国文化
cultural exchange
文化交流
cross-cultural communication
跨文化交流
cultural diversity
文化差异
remove prejudice and misunderstanding
消除偏见和误解
pass down
传承
date back to / date from
追溯到
拓展句型
1. 中秋节在中国农历8 月15 日。
The Mid-Autumn FesƟval
the 15th of the eighth month of our
.
2. 比赛那么引人入胜那么有趣以至于许多学生报名参加比赛。
that a lot of students signed up for it.
3. 多亏了这次游学，我们不仅提高了语言能力，而且也对中国文化有了更好地理解。
Thanks to the tour,
have we improved our speaking skills,
.
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1
4. 我写信邀请你参观中国剪纸艺术展。它是中国的一种民间艺术形式，有着悠久的历史。
I'm wriƟng to invite you to see the exhibiƟon of Chinese paper-cuƫng
.
5. 在春节期间，人们用红灯笼和春联装饰房子，呈现出节日的气氛。
During the Spring FesƟval,
and
are used to decorate a house,
.
6. 除夕吃饺子是人们辞旧迎新的一个重要环节。
is an essenƟal part of
.
7. 闪亮的小星星从烟花中蹦出来，营造出温暖的氛围。
create a warm atmosphere.
8. 我们班计划5 月30 日骑自行车环西湖观看龙舟赛，那时全国上下都在庆祝端午节。
Our class is planning to cycle the West Lake to
on May 30,
.
9. 国庆节在每年的10 月1 日，假日持续7 天。全球华人都沉浸在幸福、祥和的气氛中。
NaƟonal Day
October 1st every year, with the holiday
7 days. Chinese people all over
the world
.
10. 我们最喜爱的是一家人一起赏满月的时刻。
.
2
范文分析
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Charlie 对中国文化很感兴趣。他和家人将于今年农历春节来中国旅游，请
你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 欢迎他们来中国；
2. 旅行前的准备。
注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题
1. 体裁：本文为
；
2. 时态：本文时态以
为主；
3. 人称：本文主体人称以
为主。
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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1
第二步：列要点
1.
2.
3.
第三步：组织句子
1. 听说你和你的家人要来中国过春节，我很高兴。
2. 这是一个亲身体验中国文化的好机会。
3. 我写这封信是想给你一些建议。
4. 你可以在旅行前做些准备，这会是个好主意。
5. 首先，学习一些简单的汉语，尤其是日常用语。
6. 这使你更容易与当地人沟通，无论你去哪里。
7. 此外，熟悉一些中国的地方习俗和传统。它可以帮助你在逗留期间举止得体。
8. 更重要的是，你可以事先学习如何使用筷子。
9. 这样你可以更方便地品尝各种中国食物。
10. 我希望我的建议对你有帮助。祝你在中国旅途愉快。
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1
第四步：升级句型
1. 用非限制性定语从句合并句1 和句2
2. 用it 作形式主语升级句4
3. 用非限制性定语从句合并句5 和句6
4. 用不定式作主语升级句7
5. 用目的状语从句合并句8 和句9
第五步：范文成型
Dear Charlie,
Yours,
Li Hua
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
8
1
2
Part
2
Listening
购物场景
1
考点解读
1. 价格；2. 大小；3. 颜色；4. 商品问题；5. 售后处理；6. 售后态度等
2
常见词汇及句型
shopping
购物
cheque/check
支票
credit card
信用卡
cash
现金
change
零钱
sales
大减价
discount
折扣
charge
收费
bargain
讨价还价
normal price
正常价格
half
一半
thirteen/thirty
13/30
fourteen/forty
14/40
fifteen/fifty
15/50
fitting room
试衣间
tie
领带
shoes
鞋子
trousers
裤子
shorts
短裤
T-shirt
T 恤
skirt
短裙
dress
连衣裙
suit
西服
cap
鸭舌帽
camera
照相机
music player
音乐播放器
mobile phone
手机
reference book
参考书
available
有货的
sell out
卖光
order
订购
delivery
交付
return
退还
change/replace
换
repair
修理
apology
道歉
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9
1
(1) What can I do for you? / Anything I can do for you? / May (Can) I help you?
(2) I'd like / I want...
(3) How much...?
(4) That's too dear/expensive. I am afraid I can't afford it.
(5) How much would you like it to be?
(6) I'll bring the price down to...
(7) I can give you a 10% discount.
(8) That's fine. I'll take it.
(9) How many/much do you want?
(10) What color/size/kind do you want?
(11) Do you have any other kind/size/color...?
3
实战演练
听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅
读一遍。
1
How much will the man pay?
A. $20.
B. $80.
C. $100.
2
What does the woman want to do?
A. To buy another jacket.
B. To change a jacket.
C. To return a jacket.
3
Which sweater will the man take?
A. The red one.
B. The blue one.
C. The yellow one.
4
How much is the change?
A. $8.
B. $42. C. $50.
5
Why did the woman apologize?
A. She made a late delivery.
B. She went to the wrong place.
C. She couldn't take the cake back.
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
10
1
听下面2 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6 段材料，回答第6-7 小题。
6
What is Julia doing?
A. Asking about her order.
B. Reporting a computer problem.
C. Confirming a visit to a company.
7
When will the chairs arrive today?
A. At about 10 am.
B. Around 12 noon.
C. By 4 pm.
听第7 段材料，回答第8-10 小题。
8
For whom does the woman buy the T-shirt?
A. Herself.
B. Her husband.
C. Her friend.
9
How much does the T-shirt normally cost?
A. $54.
B. $60.
C. $70.
10
Why does the salesman agree to sell the T-shirt at $48?
A. It is cheaper online.
B. He is in a hurry.
C. A button is lost.
就餐场景
1
考点解读
1. 何时吃；2. 去哪里；3. 和谁吃；4. 吃什么；5. 味道；6. 谁买单等
2
常见词汇及句型
breakfast
早餐
lunch
午餐
supper/dinner
晚餐
morning
早晨
noon
中午
evening
晚上
supermarket
超市
grocery store
食品杂货店
restaurant
餐馆
husband
丈夫
wife
妻子
friend
朋友
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1
waiter
服务员
waitress
女服务员
customer
客户
colleague
同事
employer
雇主
employee
雇员
student
学生
teacher
老师
tour guide
导游
tourist
游客
menu
菜单
first course/starters
开胃菜
main course
主菜
dessert
餐后甜食
fast food
快餐
buffet
自助餐
Chinese food
中餐
Japanese food
日料
fish and chips
炸薯条和鱼片
French fries
炸薯条
steak
牛/肉/鱼排
beef
牛肉
chicken
鸡肉
pork
猪肉
rice
米
bread
面包
ham
火腿
vegetable
蔬菜
butter
黄油
cheese
干奶酪
wine
葡萄酒
beer
啤酒
cookie
小甜饼
chocolate
巧克力
hot dog
热狗
pie
馅饼
pizza
比萨饼
pudding
布丁
sandwich
三明治
salad
沙拉
spaghetti
意大利细面
sushi
寿司
soup
汤
drink
饮料
sugar
糖
salt
盐
boil
煮
fry
煎
cook
烹饪，煮
steam
蒸
plate
盘子
dish
盘，碟，盘装菜
serve
招待
taste
品尝
spoon
勺子
fork
叉子
knife
刀
take away
将食物打包带走
thirsty
口渴的
hungry
饿的
full
吃饱了
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
12
1
(1) A table for two, please.
Can I have/take the table by the window?
This table is free/not taken.
Your table is ready, sir.
Can/May I take your order (now)?
(2) What would you like (to have)?
Would you like something (to eat/drink)?
And what to follow? / Anything else?
Today, we've got...
Today's special is...
(3) I'd like/love/prefer... (to have...).
Two eggs/..., please.
(4) Help yourself to...
Some more...?
Thank you. I've had enough.
I'm full. Thank you.
Just a little, please.
(5) How do you like your steak cooked?
well done, medium well, medium, medium rare, rare
3
实战演练
听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅
读一遍。
1
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a wine shop.
B. In a supermarket.
C. In a restaurant.
2
What is the woman?
A. A waitress.
B. A tour guide.
C. A saleswoman.
3
What did the man have?
A. Some coffee.
B. Some tea.
C. Some milk.
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13
1
4
Who will have dinner at home?
A. The whole family.
B. The man and the children.
C. The woman and the children.
5
What did the man think of the restaurant?
A. Terrible.
B. Good.
C. Just so-so.
听下面2 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6 段材料，回答第6-7 小题。
6
What did the man think of the meal?
A. Just so-so.
B. Quite satisfactory.
C. A bit disappointing.
7
What was the 15% on the bill paid for?
A. The food.
B. The drinks.
C. The service.
听第7 段材料，回答第8-10 小题。
8
How many kinds of food are on the menu today?
A. 8.
B. 9.
C. 10.
9
What does the woman have for lunch?
A. Fried fish.
B. Fish cooked in sweet and sour sauce.
C. Stewed cabbage with beef.
10
What flavour does the woman like best?
A. Sweet and sour.
B. Salty and sour.
C. Sally and spicy.
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
14
1
3
Part
3
Cloze
复现
1
考点解读
同词复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到
相互衔接的目的。
1. 原词复现
2. 同源词复现（又叫同根词复现）
3. 同义或近义词复现（包括与近义词的同根词复现，如ill 与sickness）
4. 上下义复现（即总括与分述，如animal 是sheep, tiger, wolf 等的上义词，rose 是flower 的下义词）
5. 反义复现（如wrong 与right）
6. 其他
A
(2018·天津) I took the head job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a
weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the team at the end of spring
practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to prepare for the game. Being the
coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we
were defeated.
1
A. operating
B. editing
C. consulting
D. coaching
2
A. successful
B. excellent
C. strong
D. new
B
(2019·广东) During the flight, the pilot suddenly started announcing something in Russian. None of
the four of us could him, but our seatmate spoke a little and told us that we had been
rerouted (改变路线) to St. Petersburg. Everybody had to get off at the St. Petersburg airport, where there
was one English-speaking agent at one of the service windows.
3
A. see
B. hear
C. reach
D. understand
4
A. English
B. Russian
C. Chinese
D. French
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15
1
C
(2018·江苏二模) My iPhone is the last thing I look at when I go to bed and the first thing I look at when
I . When it's not there I feel its like an amputee (被截肢者) still feeling a(n) leg.
It is my entry to culture and fun. I love it. You love yours.
5
A. get home
B. have dinner
C. wake up
D. go out
6
A. reference
B. confidence
C. absence
D. appearance
7
A. healthy
B. remaining
C. artificial
D. missing
D
(2018·河南模拟) It's never too late to learn swimming. Angela King, 55, is a perfect example of it. For
years, she had to settle for sitting on the side of a pool watching her family splash (拍水) around. Then in
August 2016, the family went to an attraction they hadn't for 15 years. Angela thought, "All this
time, I still can't . When I get back home tomorrow, I'm going to find out more about swimming
."
In the cold light of day, she felt a little hesitant, but her husband David searched the Internet for
swimming classes.
8
A. visited
B. searched
C. passed
D. covered
9
A. believe
B. swim
C. learn
D. forget
10
A. hours
B. lessons
C. places
D. problems
E
(2019·全国I) Above 4,000 meters is the highland : gravel (沙砾), stones and rocks.
11
A. village
B. desert
C. road
D. lake
2
实战演练
Even if you've never been to Phoenix in Arizona you probably know this about the place: its terrible
1 . From June to September, the temperature can easily climb up to an unbearable point. But that
doesn't 2 hikers from attempting the 1.3-mile hard walk to the top of the city's famous Camelback
Mountain. Signs 3 that the trail is extremely difficult. If you continue, a posted checklist suggests
at least a liter of water per person. And 4 you're still not stopped, another 5 farther up
declares: "If you're halfway through your water, turn around!"
6 , many people hardly pay any attention to the warnings. Fortunately, Scott Cullymore does.
When he's not 7 his carpet-cleaning company nearby, the 53-year-old Cullymore can be found
hiking up and down Camelback a couple of times a day, 8 cold bottles of water to 9
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
16
1
hikers. He has helped so many hikers that he has 10 a heavenly nickname: the Water Angel.
"I'd like a more manly name, but, you know," he joked. Cullymore was on Camelback Mountain one day in
2015 11 a British tourist died after being lost for nearly six hours in the hot July. That experience
12 him to start helping people 13 caught by the unforgiving version of Mother Nature.
"They lack deep understanding of the mountain, and they feel too 14 of what they can do, and
so they get themselves in trouble," he told the Arizona Republic. If a hiker has a flushed face and is not
sweating anymore, Cullymore says that he 15 his backpack, pulls out a frosty bottle, and hands
it to the person. "It's 16 that we're safe in the middle of the city. You can die up here, and no
one would know." One hiker who enjoyed the 17 of offered water agrees. "You think you know
the hot weather, but then you get out here in the desert and it 18 you like a blanket. You have no
way to get out," said Austin Hill, who was hiking with a high school friend. They were 19 , he said,
pointing to Cullymore. "We ran into this Good Samaritan (乐善好施者) here." And with that, the Water Angel
goes 20 another hiker in trouble.
1
A. altitude
B. heat
C. drought
D. surroundings
2
A. refuse
B. separate
C. relieve
D. discourage
3
A. warn
B. remind
C. advise
D. recommend
4
A. as
B. if
C. unless
D. until
5
A. hiker
B. guide
C. sign
D. tourist
6
A. However
B. Therefore
C. Instead
D. Moreover
7
A. starting
B. making
C. running
D. setting
8
A. unpacking
B. distributing
C. collecting
D. purchasing
9
A. scared
B. pleased
C. exhausted
D. thrilled
10
A. earned
B. created
C. presented
D. gathered
11
A. before
B. after
C. when
D. while
12
A. required
B. indicated
C. disturbed
D. inspired
13
A. unchangeably
B. unconsciously
C. unreasonably
D. unnaturally
14
A. curious
B. satisfied
C. anxious
D. confident
15
A. carries out
B. lifts up
C. sets aside
D. reaches into
16
A. misleading
B. mistaken
C. unbelievable
D. unexpected
17
A. fun
B. benefit
C. convenience
D. popularity
18
A. surrounds
B. treats
C. provides
D. strikes
19
A. faithful
B. considerate
C. experienced
D. lucky
20
A. in need of
B. in search of
C. in place of
D. in charge of
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1
4
Part
4
Summary
学霸
笔记
LECTURE 2
Part 1
Writing
Part 2
Listening
Part 3
Cloze
Part 4
Summary
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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2
1
Part
1
Writing
校园活动
1
话题素材积累
词汇短语
1. 学习
put one's heart into...
专注于……
study in groups
小组学习
succeed in doing sth.
成功做某事
set/achieve a goal
设立/达到目标
encourage sb to do sth.
鼓励某人做某事
prepare oneself for...
为……做好准备
be active in class
课堂上活跃积极
be interested in / be fond of
对……感兴趣
improve study methods / better ways of learning
改进学习方法
be good at
擅长
be weak in
不擅长
do one's homework
做作业
do some reading
阅读
have eight classes
上八节课
learn... by heart
熟记、背诵……
major in history
主修历史
work out a problem
算出、解决一个问题
work on a maths problem
计算一道数学题
work hard at...
努力学习……
exchange opinions
交换意见
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2. 成绩
fulfill one's dream
实现梦想
one of the top students
顶尖学生之一
rank the first
排名第一
have a good command of
熟练掌握
get a bachelor's degree
获得学士学位
get a master's degree
获得硕士学位
get a doctor's degree
获得博士学位
make progress in...
在……方面取得进步
with good grades in...
在……方面成绩好
pass the exam
考试及格
fail in the test
考试不及格
3. 活动
do sports after school
放学后参加体育活动
take an active part in after-school activities
积极参加课外活动
join in an English contest
参加英语竞赛
hold a party to celebrate...
举行派对来庆祝
enrich one's school life
丰富某人的学校生活
broaden one's horizons/view
开阔某人的眼界
gain self-confidence
获得自信
enjoy the pleasure of teamwork
享受合作的乐趣
create a kind of atmosphere
营造一种氛围
voice one's opinion
发表某人的观点
inspire one's interest
激发某人的兴趣
shape one's character
塑造某人的性格
keep up one's spirits
保持高昂的情绪
4. 生活
keep/observe school rules
遵守校规
break school rules
违反校规
live on one's own
独立生活
learn to be independent
学会独立
get on well with
相处愉快，进展顺利
help each other
互相帮助
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make friends with sb.
与某人交朋友
be burdened with great stress
肩负着巨大压力
have exam anxiety
考试焦虑
feel anxious/down
觉得紧张/沮丧
lose heart
失去信心
relieve stress
缓解压力
be neatly dressed
穿着整齐
keep the environment clean
保持环境清洁
form a good habit of
养成……的习惯
wait in line
排队等候
cheat in an exam
考试作弊
get in line
排队
jump a queue
插队
fight/quarrel with sb.
和某人吵架、打架
throw rubbish / spit everywhere
到处乱扔垃圾/吐痰
5. 师生关系
respect one's teachers and parents
尊敬师长
be friendly to sb.
对某人友好
know sb. really well
很熟悉某人
be strict with sb. in sth.
对某人在某事上要求严格
be satisfied with
对……很满意
treat... as
把……看做
treat... equally
平等地对待……
blame sb. for sth.
因某事而责备某人
trust each other
彼此信任
share sth. with sb.
与某人分享某物
keep in touch with sb.
与某人保持联系
devote all one's time to work
工作兢兢业业
give advice on sth.
就某事提出建议
praise sb. for sth.
因某事而表扬某人
teach sb. English
教某人英语
teach sb. how to do sth.
教某人怎样做某事
make one's lesson lively and interesting
课上得生动有趣
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拓展句型
1. 请积极参加各种各样的课外活动，这能够让我们开阔眼界，丰富我们的学校生活，还能使我们得到放松。
Please take an acƟve part in a variety of aŌer school acƟviƟes,
.
2. 只有在那时我才意识到，正是通过参与比赛，我才获得了更多的自信，享受到了合作的乐趣。
Only then
.
3. 给我印象最深刻的是，我们老师总是营造一种我们可以自由交流看法的课堂氛围。
4. 毕业的日子终于临近了，我和同学们决定做一些事。经过一番热烈的讨论后，我们同意制作一个视频以
记录我们的校园经历。
GraduaƟon finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. AŌer a heated discussion, we
.
5. 正是由于这些原因我坚信这条规则将有利于营造我们的学习氛围并培养我们的团队精神。
for these reasons
I firmly believe that this rule will
.
6. 为了展示我们家乡的风俗习惯，丰富学生的文化生活，我们学校组织了主题为“爱我家乡”的摄影展。
,
our school has organized a photography exhibiƟon with the theme of“Love My Hometown”.
7. 这是一项有趣又有意义的活动。当我们学习疲劳时，我们可以去一个美丽的地方欣赏大自然的美、呼吸
新鲜空气、放松自我。
It is an interesƟng and meaningful acƟvity. When we are Ɵred from studying, we can go to a beauƟful place
.
8. 最近我们正忙着准备即将到来的“外语文化节”。
Recently we have been
the preparaƟons for the coming“Foreign Language FesƟval”.
9. 这项活动使我们受益匪浅。它不仅可以使我们接近大自然，在繁忙的学习中得以放松，而且增进了我们
之间的友谊。
The acƟvity benefited us a lot.
it get us close to nature and give us relaxaƟon from heavy
school-work, it also
among us.
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10. 我正在想是否参加，这时英语老师走了过来，告诉我这是我展示才华的好机会。
I
when my English teacher came by, telling me that it was a good chance to
display my talent.
2
范文分析
最近，某中学生英文报开设了“After-class Activities”的栏目。请你根据以下提示，为该栏目写一篇英文稿
件，并鼓励同学们积极参加课外活动。
1. 你校开展课外活动的情况；
2. 你参加过的课外活动及给你带来的益处；
3. 为同学选择课外活动提出建议；
4. 为学校开展课外活动提出建议。
注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 文中不得提及人名、校名及地名；
3. 稿件的开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
第一步：审题
1. 体裁：本文为
；
2. 时态：本文时态以
为主；
3. 人称：本文人称以
为主。
第二步：列要点
1.
2.
3.
第三步：组织句子
1. 我们学校也组织了各种不同的课外活动。
2. 这些课外活动是为了给学生的学校生活增添一丝色彩。
3. 我加入了篮球队，在那里我学到了团队合作的重要性，也增强了体魄。
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4. 它对我的头脑和身体健康都有益处。
5. 我们应该充分利用适当的课外活动，这可以让我们高效率地学习。
6. 因此，我建议学生应该选择他们真正想要的去加入。
7. 学校应该提供丰富多彩、有意义的活动，减少作业从而给予学生们充实的时间去参加这些活动。
8. 只有拥有健康的身体，我们才能好好学习并过着快乐的学校生活。
第四步：升级句型
1. 用过去分词作定语合并句1 和句2
2. 用定语从句和“not only... but also...”句型升级句3
3. 用非限定性定语从句合并句3 和句4
4. 用动名词作主语升级句5
5. 用倒装句升级句8
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第五步：范文成型
After-class Activities
Nowadays, after class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools.
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2
Part
2
Listening
出行场景
1
考点解读
1. 出行目的；2. 时间；3. 地点；4. 交通；5. 订票事宜；6. 行程安排；7. 交通事故；8. 迷路问路；9. 物品遗
失；10. 住宿等
2
常见词汇及句型
souvenir shop
纪念品店
drug store
药店
department store
百货商店
supermarket
超市
book store
书店
post office
邮局
police office
警察局
ticket office
售票处
opera house
歌剧院
youth hostel
青年旅社
train station
车站
airport
机场
museum
博物馆
castle
城堡
art gallery
艺术画廊
stadium
露天大型运动场
gym
体育馆
swimming pool
游泳池
fitness center
减肥中心
block
街区
lift/elevator
电梯
downtown
市区
city center
市中心
September
九月
April
四月
witness
目击者
turn left/right
向左/右转
go straight
往前
at the crossroads
在十字路口
sidewalk/pavement
人行道
one-way street
单行道
rush hour
交通高峰期
crowded
拥挤的
heavy traffic
拥挤的交通
traffic jam
交通阻塞
traffic rules
交通规则
traffic lights
交通灯
driving license
驾照
driver
司机
garage
修车厂
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car accident/crash
车祸
speed
超速
run the red light
闯红灯
flat tire
爆胎
scratches
刮蹭
fix/repair
修理
survive
幸存
boarding card
登机牌
behind schedule
晚点
customs
海关
security check
安检
seat number
座位号
make a reservation
预定房间
reception desk
接待处
reception
服务台
receptionist
服务员
accommodation
住宿
registration
登记
check in
入住
check out
结帐
identity/ID card
身份证
fill out a form
填表
single room
单间
double room
双人间
suite
套间
room number
房间号
room key
房间钥匙
room service
客房服务
wake-up call
叫醒电话
(1) Can I book a single/double room with... for...?
(2) Can I have breakfast in my room?
(3) Is there a phone in the room?
(4) How long do you intend/plan/want to stay?
(5) A single room is six dollars.
(6) How much do you charge for that?
(7) Children under 12 are half price.
(8) Fifty dollars a day, service/meals included.
(9) This is a one-way street.
(10) You are driving at a low speed / too fast.
(11) He parked the car in a wrong place.
3
实战演练
听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅
读一遍。
1
When does the first flight arrive in Detroit?
A. 5:18 am.
B. 6:10 am.
C. 8:50 am.
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2
What has the woman decided to do on Sunday afternoon?
A. To attend a wedding.
B. To visit an exhibition.
C. To meet a friend.
3
When does the train leave?
A. At 6:30.
B. At 8:30.
C. At 10:30.
4
What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
A. Their friend Jane.
B. A weekend trip.
C. A radio programme.
5
What kind of hotel does Peter prefer?
A. A big one.
B. A quiet one.
C. A modern one.
听下面2 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6 段材料，回答第6-8 小题。
6
Which city is the woman going to?
A. Chicago.
B. Boston.
C. New York.
7
How much will the woman pay for her ticket?
A. $30.
B. $50.
C. $60.
8
Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. At an airport.
B. At a bus stop.
C. At a railway station.
听第7 段材料，回答第9-11 小题。
9
How far away is Hill Farm?
A. Nearly a mile.
B. Just one mile.
C. More than a mile.
10
Which is the route to Hill Farm?
A. Left track →bridge →road.
B. Road →left track →bridge.
C. Bridge →road →left track.
11
What would the man like the woman to do towards the end of the conversation?
A. Give him a ride.
B. Repeat what she said.
C. Walk him to Hill Farm.
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日常场景
1
考点解读
兴趣爱好：1. 电视电影；2. 体育活动；3. 戏剧音乐；4. 阅读书刊等
约会邀约：1. 约会时间；2. 约会地点；3. 约会原因；4. 礼物赠送等
物品场景：1. 借物还物；2. 物品损坏；3. 物品丢失等
其他：求助，帮忙，道歉，感谢，建议，留言，天气，接送亲友，就医等
2
常见词汇及句型
Saturday
星期六
Friday
星期五
wedding
婚礼
birthday party
生日宴会
exhibition
展览
appointment
约会
concert
音乐会
hobby
兴趣
entertainment
娱乐
go to the cinema/
movies/theatre
去看电影
comedy
喜剧
tragedy
悲剧
action movie
动作片
cartoon
动画片
documentary
纪录片
thriller
惊悚片
horror film
恐怖片
detective movie
侦探片
western film
西部片
soap opera
肥皂剧
hiking
徒步旅行
camping
野营
diving
潜水
surfing
冲浪
skiing
滑雪
seashore
海岸
beach
海滩
season
季节
weather
天气
climate
气候
temperature
气温
20 degrees centigrade
20 摄氏度
minus 5 degrees centigrade
零下5 摄氏度
humid
潮湿的
freezing
冰冻的, 严寒的
shade
荫凉处
changeable
天气多变的
mild
温和的，适中的
weather forecast
天气预报
dial
拨号
make a phone call
打电话
attend
参加
sell out
卖光
book
预定
keep in touch
保持联系
see sb. off
送别
arrange
安排，筹备
complain
抱怨，投诉
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(1) Hello! Is Henry in/there?
(2) May/could I speak to...?
(3) Is that Mary/... speaking?
(4) Hold on (a second), please.
(5) Hello, who is it /that?
(6) He isn't here/in right now.
(7) Would you like to leave a message? / Can I take a message for you?
(8) Should I tell him/her you'll call back or do you want him/her to call you?
(9) Hello, this is... speaking.
(10) I am calling/ringing to tell/ask you...
(11) I would like two tickets for 9 o'clock show.
(12) I have a ticket for 6 o'clock flight to New York.
(13) I am afraid I can't make it.
(14) Is there a seat available for?
3
实战演练
听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅
读一遍。
1
Which musical instrument does Bob have?
A. Drums.
B. A guitar.
C. A violin.
2
What kind of music does the woman like?
A. Classical music.
B. Rock music.
C. Country music.
3
What are the speakers talking about?
A. What to drink
B. Where to meet.
C. When to leave.
4
What is the weather like now?
A. It's sunny.
B. It's rainy.
C. It's cloudy.
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5
What will the man do?
A. Change the plan.
B. Wait for a phone call.
C. Sort things out.
听下面2 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6 段材料，回答第6-8 小题。
6
Which TV program does the woman like best?
A. Sports program.
B. Morning news.
C. Talk show.
7
How much time does the woman spend watching TV every day?
A. About half an hour.
B. About two hours.
C. About four hours.
8
What is the conversation mainly about?
A. Types of TV programs.
B. Popular TV shows.
C. TV watching habits.
听第7 段材料，回答第9-11 小题。
9
When does the conversation most probably take place?
A. On Monday.
B. On Wednesday.
C. On Saturday.
10
What kind of food might the woman have tonight?
A. Italian food.
B. French food.
C. Japanese food.
11
How many people will go for dinner?
A. Three.
B. Six.
C. Eight.
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3
Part
3
Cloze
逻辑顺序
1
考点解读
完形中主要考查的几大逻辑关系为：
1. 结构层次: firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, to begin with, on the other hand, in conclusion, for instance
等
2. 时间关系: before, after, later, so far, yet, meanwhile 等
3. 因果关系: because, for, since, as, so, therefore, thus, thanks to, considering that, consequently 等
4. 转折关系: but, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, unfortunately, by contrast, otherwise 等
5. 让步关系: although, though, even though, even if, regardless of, no matter+ 疑问词等
6. 递进关系: in addition, besides, then, what's more, moreover, further 等
7. 并列关系: and, also, or, neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., as well, similarly, in the
same way, that is to say 等
A
(2018·全国模拟) A woman professor was giving a lesson to her students on stress management. As
she raised a glass of water, everyone in the class they would be asked the "half-empty or half-full"
question. , that was not the case. With a smile on her face, she asked the students, "How much
do you think this glass of water weighs?"
1
A. wondered
B. agreed
C. expected
D. argued
2
A. Meanwhile
B. However
C. Anyhow
D. Therefore
B
(2019·浙江模拟) A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a
person behaves affects other people's reactions. , the way people think about themselves has a
profound effect on all areas of their lives.
3
A. In general
B. Furthermore
C. However
D. Nevertheless
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C
(2019·北京二模) Once he asked John if he wanted to get cleaned up. It was a(n) offer,
because Michael thought John would refuse. , John said, "Are you going to wash me?" Michael
knew that he was looking at a test of his promise. It was at the moment that Michael determined to help the
homeless.
4
A. silly
B. empty
C. crazy
D. free
5
A. Fortunately
B. Disappointedly
C. Surprisingly
D. Thankfully
D
(2019·山东模拟) The moment I arrived in Paris, I was greeted by a nice French couple who would
become my host parents. My entire experience was joyous and exciting I received some shocking
news from my program-coordinator (协调人): there had been a death in my host parents' extended family.
They had to travel outside France for several weeks.
6
A. until
B. when
C. since
D. while
情感
1
考点解读
完形填空的主题思想，我们可以在理解上下文的基础上，找到线索词汇进行分析，进而理顺其情感主线，在
词义辨析时要根据其感情色彩和褒贬含义做出正确的选择。
A
(2018·新课标III) On March 19, Dennis got a group text informing him that a couple he didn't know
were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby.
"Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken," Dennis responded. The baby was born and
update texts were coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. In her , she didn't
seem to realize that she was sharing the baby's photos with a complete stranger.
1
A. opinion
B. anxiety
C. excitement
D. effort
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B
(2019·江苏一模) Over the span of 20 years, I've got 18 completed manuscripts and was rejected
almost 350 times. It took me 14 years to see my first book on the shelf. You could look at these numbers
and get pretty . I can look at these numbers and feel the same.
2
A. amused
B. inspired
C. touched
D. frustrated
C
(2019·天津一模) My husband and I were working as newspaper photographers when the active
volcano Mount St. Helens exploded. Many nearby forests were destroyed by the effects of the
explosion. The loss of all the trees can somehow be as as the loss of lives and homes.
3
A. possibly
B. comparably
C. suddenly
D. completely
4
A. encouraging
B. upsetting
C. moving
D. boring
2
实战演练
As a child, I never worried about losing my hearing, even though many other members of my family
had done so. It seemed I was one of the 1 ones. I had a lovely voice and felt 2 about
my singing. At 13, I made my debut (初次登台) in a school production of Carlo Menotti's opera and knew
then that I 3 on stage.
But then I noticed that 4 I didn't sit at the front in lectures, I would 5 to hear. I
went to the hospital to have a 6 test. I felt desperate, my ambitions 7 by a diagnosis of
incurable nerve deafness.
However, my bravery persuaded me to 8 my plans and I went on to study at the Royal
Northern College of Music. I kept my 9 a closely guarded secret, convinced that admitting it
would 10 my career. I won roles on merit (凭成绩), but the added fear and anxiety at auditions
(试音) 11 me.
At 28, I made my debut at New Sadler's Wells Opera. But my hearing loss was 12 . I
couldn't hear myself sing well any more. I'd get a feeling of terror and want to 13 before every
performance. 14 a superb technician fitted in-the-ear hearing aids, making me self-conscious
and my confidence 15 . I was fast learning to 16 , singing by sensation. Recording
music is now a joy and acoustic (原声的) sounds through the headphones help me 17 .
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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2
18 in technology mean my latest hearing aids are wireless, and my 19 is at its
peak. I continue to tour the world. This year, I decided it was time to be 20 , not ashamed, and
went public as the only deaf mezzo-soprano in the world.
1
A. clever
B. lucky
C. pitiful
D. active
2
A. curious
B. anxious
C. awkward
D. confident
3
A. belonged
B. sacrificed
C. survived
D. trembled
4
A. though
B. since
C. if
D. after
5
A. struggle
B. hesitate
C. pretend
D. cease
6
A. blood
B. hearing
C. sight
D. memory
7
A. achieved
B. developed
C. crushed
D. extended
8
A. figure out
B. stick to
C. go over
D. give up
9
A. background
B. scores
C. ambitions
D. deafness
10
A. start
B. further
C. change
D. ruin
11
A. puzzled
B. consumed
C. impressed
D. motivated
12
A. accelerating
B. compensating
C. recovering
D. disappearing
13
A. rest
B. play
C. drill
D. flee
14
A. Thankfully
B. Clearly
C. Actually
D. Generally
15
A. faded
B. grew
C. counted
D. helped
16
A. forget
B. judge
C. cooperate
D. adapt
17
A. laugh
B. howl
C. relax
D. sleep
18
A. Drawbacks
B. Applications
C. Improvement
D. Regulations
19
A. attention
B. performance
C. intelligence
D. energy
20
A. famous
B. creative
C. proud
D. innocent
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2
4
Part
4
Summary
学霸
笔记
LECTURE 3
Part 1
Writing
Part 2
Listening
Part 3
Cloze
Part 4
Summary
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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3
1
Part
1
Writing
社会实践
1
话题素材积累
词汇短语
make progress
取得进步
lead to
导致，通向
keep on trying
继续努力，不断尝试
have a positive attitude to life
有积极的人生态度
meet with great challenge
迎接巨大挑战
build up one's confidence
树立自信心
overcome difficulties
克服困难
be faced with various pressures
面对各种压力
be in trouble
处境困难
substantial social benefits
巨大的社会效益
enrich one's life
丰富某人生活
make some preparations for...
为……做准备
try/do one's best to do sth.
尽全力做某事
intolerable
不可忍受的
poisonous gas
有毒的气体
give off
释放
environmental destruction
环境破坏
threaten people's life
威胁到人们的生命
sustainable development
可持续发展
use up
用尽
be carelessly disposed
随意丢弃
be highly thought of
受到髙度评价
show/take great interest in...
对……非常感兴趣
have no difficulty in talking with sb.
与某人交流没有困难
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3
adapt to the new environment
适应新环境
care about current affairs
关心时事
devote oneself to
献身于；致力于
take an active part in
积极参加
open-minded and optimistic
开朗乐观
take... into account/consideration
把……考虑在内
make a difference
有意义，有影响
spare no effort / make every effort to do sth.
不遗余力做某事
do everything in one's power to do sth.
竭尽全力去做某事
come up with some measures to cope with sth.
想出措施来应对某事
be aware of the seriousness of the problem
意识到问题的严重性
put environmental protection policy into practice
实行环保政策
raise one's environmental awareness
提高环保意识
the champion of the English Speech Contest
英语演讲比赛的冠军
enhance our comprehensive capability
提高我们的综合能力
strong/effective measures should be taken to...
应该采取有力/有效措施去……
appeal to / call on sb. to do sth.
呼吁某人做某事
attach great importance to
非常重视
be qualified for
胜任
拓展句型
1. 我坚信釆取行动比制订计划更重要。只有釆取行动才能获得我们想要的东西。
I'm firmly convinced that
.
2. 如果我们有积极的人生态度，我们就能克服任何困难并迎接巨大的挑战。
If we
, we can overcome any difficulty and meet with great challenges.
3. 有时，在日常生活中是善良而不是成绩起着重要的作用。虽然在比赛中我是一个失败者，但在生活上我
是一个赢家。
SomeƟmes it is kindness rather than grades that
. Loser
I was in the match, I was a winner in my life.
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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3
4. 我认为如果每个人都致力于保护湿地，湿地才能得到很好的保护，我们才能够享受更加和谐的环境。
I believe if everyone is devoted to protecƟng the wetlands, the wetlands can
and we can
.
5. 为了使中学生重视环境，提高环境保护意识，
《中国日报》计划举办环境保护知识竞赛。
get high school students to
and
, China Daily is planning to hold an environment-protecƟng knowledge
contest.
6. 如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽，我的确希望你们的报纸将会对环境保护有所影响。
if you could
and I do hope that your paper will
environmental protecƟon.
7. 此外，通过做兼职工作，我能够得到一些宝贵的经验以便于我可以更好地适应社会的发展和变化。
Moreover, by doing the part-Ɵme job I can get some precious experience
I can beƩer
.
8. 我不仅关心国内外时事，而且对新闻工作很感兴趣。
Not only
but also I show/take great interest in journalism.
9. 陈明曾经是英语演讲比赛的冠军，乐于与我们分享他的学习方法。
Chen Ming, who was once the champion of the English Speech Contest,
.
10. 实际上，我在学习和生活上一直都做得很好。除了我的课程学习之外，我总是设法找时间来做我感兴
趣的事情。
Actually, I've been doing preƩy well in my studies as well as in my life.
,
I always
find Ɵme for what I'm interested in.
2
范文分析
假如你叫李华，刚参加完高考，想在假期找一份工作。你在当地报纸上看到一则招聘一位英语家庭辅导教
师的广告，想获得这份工作。请按照以下信息写一封100 词左右的自荐信。
1. 你在高中曾两次获得全国中学生英语竞赛冠军；
2. 曾经做过家庭辅导，有这方面的经验；
3. 性格随和，容易相处。
注意：
1. 文章开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2. 避免逐字翻译，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
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3
第一步：审题
1. 体裁：本文为
；
2. 时态：本文时态以
为主；
3. 人称：本文人称以
为主。
第二步：列要点
1.
2.
第三步：组织句子
1. 在当地报纸上看到您的招聘广告，我很感兴趣。我迫切希望能得到这份家教工作。
2. 我是一名高中毕业生。我曾两次在全国英语竞赛中获得一等奖。
3. 我做过几次家教，对于如何合理高效地辅导学生做过很多研究。因此，我在辅导方面非常有经验。
4. 那些由我辅导的学生在学习上取得了令人满意的进步。
5. 除此之外，我还组织了一个英语兴趣小组。我和我的同学分享我的经验，帮助他们提高英语。
6. 就这样，我的许多同学都对学习英语产生了兴趣，他们的成绩也有了很大的提高。。
7. 此外，我很随和，容易相处。
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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3
第四步：升级句型
1. 用现在分词作状语升级句1
2. 用定语从句升级句2
3. 用现在分词作状语升级句3
4. 用定语从句升级句5
5. 用现在分词作状语升级句6
第五步：范文成型
Dear Sir,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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3
2
Part
2
Listening
工作场景
1
考点解读
面试：1. 工作时间；2. 工作地点；3. 工作薪酬；4. 工作经历；5. 教育背景；6. 面试印象等
工作交际：1. 工作内容与能力；2. 培训；3. 上班交通；4. 工作与家庭；5. 与朋友或同事谈论工作等
2
常见词汇及句型
job opportunity
工作机会
interview
面试
resume
简历
educational background
教育背景
application letter
求职信
recommendation
推荐信
certificate
证书
qualification
资历
experience
经验
impression
印象
position
职位
salary
薪水
allowance
津贴
promotion
晋升
vacation
休假
break
短暂休息
retire
退休
work overtime
加班
shift work
倒班工作
ask for leave
请假
sick leave
病假
have a week off
休一周假
clerk
职员
secretary
秘书
manager
经理
HR manager
人事经理
general manager
总经理
client
客户
business
商业
company
公司
office
办公室
report
报告
project
项目
program
程序，计划，方案
complaint
抱怨，投诉
turn down the offer
拒绝邀约
exciting
令人兴奋的
exhausting
令人疲倦的
challenging
有挑战性的
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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3
(1) It means frequent business trips away from family.
(2) The pay is too low to support one's family.
(3) I am getting bored with the same routine.
(4) How did your experiment go?
(5) My boss usually finds something for me to do at the last minute.
(6) I am confident about the job interview.
3
实战演练
听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅
读一遍。
1
Why would David quit his job?
A. To go back to school.
B. To start his own firm.
C. To work for his friend.
2
What are the two speakers talking about?
A. Their work.
B. Their manager.
C. Their meeting.
3
How does Dr. Heath spend most of his time?
A. Giving lectures.
B. Conducting research.
C. Doing office work.
4
How does the woman go to work?
A. By car.
B. On foot.
C. By bike.
5
Who might Mr. Peterson be?
A. A new professor.
B. A department head.
C. A company director.
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3
听下面2 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6 段材料，回答第6-7 小题。
6
What is the woman doing now?
A. She is serving a customer.
B. She is conducting an interview.
C. She is doing some recording.
7
When does the man go to the nursing home?
A. Tuesdays.
B. Thursdays.
C. Sundays.
听第7 段材料，回答第8-10 小题。
8
What are the speakers talking about?
A. A company.
B. An interview.
C. A job offer.
9
Who is Monica Stansfield?
A. A junior specialist.
B. A department manager.
C. A sales assistant.
10
When will the man hear from the woman?
A. On Tuesday.
B. On Wednesday.
C. On Thursday.
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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3
校园场景
1
考点解读
学习：1. 作业与考试；2. 课程与讲座介绍等
学校参观：1. 参观学校日程安排；2. 介绍学校历史；3. 科系课程设置；4. 学期计划等
图书馆：1. 藏书介绍；2. 借阅规则；3. 复习学习等
校园生活：1. 舍友相处；2. 学习与玩；3. 学生的困难；4. 参与兼职工作等
2
常见词汇及句型
tuition
学费
scholarship
奖学金
term/semester
学期
seminar
研讨班
presentation
课堂展示
assignment/homework
作业
register
注册
be absent
缺席
final exam
期末考试
review / go over
复习
fail/pass
不及格/通过
cut a class
逃课
graduate
毕业
stationery
文具
essay
短文
paper
试卷，论文
attend a lecture
听讲座
textbook
课本
classroom
教室
laboratory
实验室
mark/grade
成绩
course
课程
subject
学科
playground
操场
borrow
借入
lend
借给
return
归还
library
图书馆
allow
允许
magazine
杂志
shelf
书架
librarian
图书馆管理员
renew
续借
due day
应还书的日期
overdue
过期的
(1) Can I borrow/get...?
(2) Can/Could you find me...?
(3) Can you show/tell me how to find...?
(4) How long can I keep it/them?
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(5) I'd like to borrow... / renew... for...
(6) Can I have / Do you know the title of the book?
(7) Here's the latest one.
(8) I'm sorry/afraid, the book you want is out/taken.
(9) You can look up the book.
(10) You can't take the book home.
(11) You may not keep it for over 3 weeks.
(12) What courses are you planning/going to take?
(13) What's your favorite subject/sport...?
(14) English/Chinese/Geography/Swimming/Football/...
(15) When do you take your next exams? In June.
3
实战演练
听下面3 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅
读一遍。
1
What are the two speakers talking about?
A. A language.
B. An interest.
C. A class.
2
Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a library.
B. At a bookstore.
C. In a museum.
3
What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. School friends.
B. Teacher and student.
C. Librarian and library user.
听下面3 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第4 段材料，回答第4-6 小题。
4
What is the conversation mainly about?
A. Course design.
B. Course registration.
C. Course evaluation.
5
What course did the woman choose?
A. International Trade.
B. Modern History
C. Chemistry.
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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3
6
What will Jack do to take mathematics?
A. Wait for an opening.
B. Apply to the department.
C. Speak to Professor Anderson.
听第5 段材料，回答第7-10 小题。
7
How many lab sessions will the students have every week?
A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
8
What are the students allowed to wear in the lab?
A. Long scarves.
B. Loose clothes.
C. Tennis shoes.
9
Why should the students avoid mixing liquid with paper?
A. It may cause a fire.
B. It may create waste.
C. It may produce pollution.
10
What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. Grades the student will receive.
B. Rules the students should follow.
C. Experiments the students will do.
听第6 段材料，回答第11-14 小题。
11
How do students enter the library?
A. With a library account.
B. With a student card.
C. With a password.
12
What is the maximum number of books current students can borrow?
A. 12.
B. 11.
C. 9.
13
What kind of books have to be returned within one week?
A. Books borrowed by local residents.
B. Books liked by a lot of people.
C. Books published recently.
14
What will the speaker do next?
A. Tell the students where to get bottled water.
B. Take the students on a campus tour.
C. Show the students around the library.
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3
3
Part
3
Cloze
搭配
语法
文化
常识
1
考点解读
英语中固定的结构，如固定句式、动名/动副/动介搭配等，是不能随意改的。平时学习中应注意积累，掌握
习惯用法。另外，应多注意词语辨析及词语搭配，培养在特定语境中灵活运用词语的能力。同时，利用文化背景
和常识，也可以帮助我们解决部分问题。
A
(2019·山东二模) The next year, as she and her team went to the Northern California Championship
game, she was seen by a college recruiter (招聘员). She was indeed a scholarship to a Division
I, NCAA women's basketball team and her dream came true. The words in my ears again: If the
dream is big enough, the facts don't count.
1
A. required
B. obtained
C. chosen
D. offered
2
A. inspired
B. received
C. discovered
D. rang
B
(2019·广东二模) I absorbed new vocabulary very slowly. What I learned one week before seemed to
away as soon as I learned the next skill. I the same words and language structures in
the dictionary again and again.
3
A. slip
B. took
C. put
D. melt
4
A. turned to
B. referred to
C. took up
D. looked up
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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3
C
(2019·江苏一模) When I was 13 years old, I stopped speaking. I'm still not exactly sure I
think I felt that words got me into trouble. The boys in my class were always me, telling me to shut
up. One day, I into uncontrollable sobs behind the sports hall.
5
A. when
B. why
C. how
D. where
6
A. encouraging
B. teasing
C. ignoring
D. praising
7
A. collapsed
B. divided
C. looked
D. laughed
D
(2019·北京二模) It started 20 years ago when Michael came across a homeless man named John. He
began to help him effort then. Day after day, he brought John some food and, when it was really
, a resting place in his car while he worked.
8
A. with
B. around
C. from
D. over
9
A. sunny
B. warm
C. cloudy
D. cold
E
(2019·广东二模) But above all, I've learned it is never too to learn something.
10
A. weak
B. late
C. busy
D. awkward
F
(2019·北京二模) "Compound interest — what's that?" I asked.
"Well, interest is what you call the money borrowers have to pay back on a loan," she explained.
"Compound interest means that the interest payments get bigger and bigger, the you take to pay
back the loan. To repay the loan, you will need to give me $11 after one month. If you wait two months to
pay me back, your will grow from $10 to $11.
11
A. little
B. same
C. enough
D. extra
12
A. shorter
B. longer
C. more
D. less
13
A. cash
B. saving
C. note
D. debt
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3
2
实战演练
Sometimes people around you can change your values. My elder brother Steve, in the 1 of
my father who died when I was six, gave me important lessons in 2 that helped me grow into an
adult. Once when I returned 3 from a baseball game, it was Steve 4 took the time to
ask me what happened. When I explained that my baseball had 5 through Mrs. Holt's basement
window, breaking the glass. Steve encouraged me to 6 to her. After all, I should have played in
the park and not in the path 7 buildings. Although my 8 trembled as I stood explaining,
I offered to 9 the window if she would return my ball. I also learned that personal property is a
10 thing.
After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifth-grade classroom. I wanted to keep it, but Steve explained
that it might be important to someone else 11 the fact that it had little value. He reminded me of
how much I'd hate to lose to someone else the small dog my father 12 from a piece of cheap wood.
I returned the pen to my teacher, and 13 remembered the smell of her perfume as she patted me
on my shoulder. Yet of all the 14 Steve gave me, his respect for life is the most 15 in
my mind.
At twelve I killed a sparrow with a gun. Excited with my 16 , I screamed to Steve to take a
look. I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and 17 the bird on the ground. Then
in a dead, quiet voice, he asked, "Did it hurt you first, Mark? " I didn't know what to answer. He continued
with his eyes 18 , "The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is 19 it
hurts you first. And then you think a long, long time. " I really felt terrible then, but that moment 20
as the most important lesson my brother has taught me.
1
A. absence
B. influence
C. presence
D. appearance
2
A. personalities
B. beliefs
C. impressions
D. values
3
A. in surprise
B. in tears
C. at ease
D. in vain
4
A. which
B. what
C. who
D. whom
5
A. dashed
B. rocketed
C. swelled
D. paced
6
A. admit
B. subscribe
C. confess
D. appeal
7
A. beneath
B. above
C. in
D. between
8
A. legs
B. hands
C. toes
D. back
9
A. pay for
B. break down
C. account for
D. pull through
10
A. genuine
B. sacred
C. magical
D. specific
11
A. regardless of
B. instead of
C. on account of
D. in spite of
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12
A. produced
B. shaped
C. purchased
D. carved
13
A. therefore
B. even
C. still
D. yet
14
A. gifts
B. lessons
C. pens
D. sparrows
15
A. vivid
B. casual
C. permanent
D. valid
16
A. prediction
B. intelligence
C. accuracy
D. expectation
17
A. stared at
B. picked up
C. glared at
D. caught sight of
18
A. blank
B. shut
C. firm
D. wide
19
A. as
B. for
C. since
D. whether
20
A. passes by
B. stands out
C. crowds of
D. fades away
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4
Part
4
Summary
学霸
笔记
LECTURE 4
Part 1
Reading
Part 2
Rational Cloze
Part 3
Summary
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1
Part
1
Reading
事实细节
1
方法复习
>> Notes <<
2
精讲精练
A
The Five Best Countries to Move to for Retirement
Retiring in a different country is gaining popularity.
Below are five of the best countries to seek
retirement.
Costa Rica
Mild climate, breathtaking landscapes and beaches draw retirees (退休人员) to Costa Rica. The
country readily welcomes immigrants and offers a simple residency process. With a monthly income of at
least $1,000 per month from Social Security or a similar source, people enjoy a high standard of living at a
much lower cost than the U. S.
Malaysia
Retirees who choose to make Malaysia home will appreciate its rich culture and attractive scenery.
Moreover, the country offers modern facilities at modest prices. Immigrants enjoy convenience and comfort
in their daily life. You will find low-cost rental units, delicious street food, and various shopping malls.
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Mexico
Because it's close to the U.S., Mexico draws more than a million American retirees to its borders.
Increasing immigrant communities enjoy seaside living and conversations with friendly. English speaking
locals. Plus, legal residents over the age of 60 receive airline, grocery, and restaurant discounts.
Panama
Gentle ocean wind takes the heat out of hot year-round temperatures, which has been the chief
attraction to foreign retirees. Beautiful beaches and a booming economy also attract retirees to Panama.
An income of $2,000 per month covers modest living costs. Furthermore, the country offers discounts to
retirees with a special visa.
Ecuador
Lazy coastal towns, sun-shining hot spots, and nature-filled views wait for immigrants seeking a
carefree lifestyle. Public transportation costs in Ecuador make owning a vehicle unnecessary. A bus ride
only costs 25 cents and taxi rides will run about $3.
1
Which country's location specially attracts retirees from the U.S.?
A. Malaysia's.
B. Mexico's.
C. Panama's.
D. Ecuador's.
2
What do Costa Rica and Malaysia have in common?
A. Convenient shopping.
B. Relatively low living cost.
C. Various cultural activities.
D. Simple immigration procedures.
B
Many of us have reached in our pockets, feeling a vibration (振动), wrongly believing our mobile
phones have just rung. The phenomenon even has a name: phantom vibration syndrome — and found it is
surprisingly common.
Now, scientists believe that we are so alert (警觉的) for phone calls and messages we are misinterpreting
slight muscle spasms (痉挛) as proof of a call. Robert Rosenberger, an assistant professor at the Georgia
Tech Institute of Technology has studied the delusional calls. He said sufferers describe a vague tingling
feeling which they think is their mobile phone indicating it has received a text message or call while on
"silent". But when the device is retrieved, there was no one on the other end.
Dr. Rosenberger said, "I find so many people say, 'This happens to me, but I thought I was the only
one. I thought I was odd.'" It seems that the syndrome particularly affects people at the beck and call of
mobile phones or pagers. A 2010 study by Michael Rothberg and colleagues found that nearly 70 percent
of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations. A more recent study of US college
students found the figure was as high as 90 percent.
While the odd feeling is widespread, it does not seem to be considered a grave problem. Dr. Rosenber-
ger said: "It's not actually a syndrome in a technical sense. That's just the name that's got stuck to it." He
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added: "Only 2 percent of people consider it a problem."
While widespread, the scientific community has not yet invested much effort in getting to the bottom
of why we suffer phantom calls.
Dr. Rosenberger said, "People are guessing it has something to do with nervous energy. The cognitive
(认知的) scientists are talking about brain chemistry, cognitive pathways changing. But it's not like they have
brain scans to go on." He said, "We have a phone call in our pocket all the time and it becomes sort of an
extension of ourselves. We have this sort of readiness to experience a call. We feel something and we think,
OK, that could be a call."
3
Which of the following are more likely to have phantom vibration syndrome than others?
A. Doctors.
B. University professors.
C. College students.
D. The cognitive scientists.
4
In Dr. Rosenberger's opinion, phantom vibration syndrome
.
A. isn't a kind of disease actually
B. is considered a problem by most people
C. is a serious problem ignored by people
D. has something to do with brain chemistry
C
The Great Wall, China
Stretching over 21,000 kilometers, the Great Wall was built to prevent invasions and has a history of
more than 2,000 years. UNESCO in February 2019 calls it an absolute masterpiece, not only because of
the ambitious character of the undertaking but also the perfection of its construction."
But perfection isn't protection. 51.2 percent of the Great Wall had either already disappeared or is at
a significant risk of disappearing. Besides for wind and rain erosion, the main reasons for the destruction
of the Great Wall are human factors such as tourism, construction, human contact and so on.
Pamukkale, Turkey
Pamukkale, which means "cotton castle" in Turkish, is famous for its shining white calcite terraces (方
解石阶地) with warm and mineral-rich waters overrun.
Before being listed as a World Heritage Site in 1988, Pamukkale had been severely damaged by human
activities. People used hot spring water to fill swimming pools, some visitors stood on the rocks and some
even bathed in the hot springs with soap and shampoo. To protect the terraces, the Turkish government
has decided to pull down the hotels and require all tourists to visit this site barefoot.
Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Home to 400 types of coral and 1,500 species of fish, the Great Barrier Reef draws visitors to Australia
from all over the world.
However, the Great Barrier Reef is expected to suffer from increasingly frequent bleaching events,
cases in which corals turn white and may die, according to a UNESCO report. The heat waves caused by
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global warming have killed half of the coral here in the two years, according to a CNN report. Pollution from
industry developments and harmful fishing practices are also big concerns.
The Dead Sea, Jordan
At 423 meters below sea level, the Dead Sea is 10 times saltier than the ocean, meaning that the water
is so dense, even tourists who can't swim will be able to float. But the seaside resorts built in the 1980s
now sit kilometers away from the water's edge, which has lost half of its surface area in the past 40 years.
The damage is irreversible due to the nature of the mineral industry and the type of agricultural use that has
drained the water.
5
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Main reasons for the destruction of the Great Wall come from wind and rain erosion.
B. Pamukkale was damaged by human activities after 1988.
C. Pollution and the heat waves caused by global warming kill much coral in the Great Barrier Reef.
D. Half of the Dead Sea surface area has disappeared in the past two decades.
3
综合练习
A
Cocoa Beach / Jupiter Surf Camp — Summer
Summer Surf Camp is centrally located on the Best Western seashore in Cocoa Beach & Jupiter at
Carlin Beach Park with accommodations (住宿) at the Holiday Inn Express in Juno Beach.
Summer Surf Camp Dates:
●Surf Camp — Session 1 May 27th — 30th Family Surf Week (All Ages)
●Surf Camp — Session 2 June 2nd — 6th Family Surf Week (All Ages)
●Surf Camp — Session 3 June 9th — 13th Teen Week (Ages 12 — 17)
●Surf Camp — Session 4 June 16th — 20th Family Surf Week (All Ages)
●Surf Camp — Session 5 June 23rd — 27th Adults Only (18 and over)
●Surf Camp — Session 6 June 30th — July 3rd Family Surf Week (All Ages)
●Surf Camp — Session 7 July 7th — 11th Family Surf Week (All Ages)
●Surf Camp — Session 8 July 14th — 18th Women's Camp (18 and over)
●Surf Camp — Session 9 July 21st — 25th Family Surf Week (All Ages)
●Surf Camp — Session 10 July 28th — August 1st Adults Only (18 and over)
*A 20% discount will be applied to the 4-Day Surf Camp Weeks.
*Parents are always welcome to sign up and join their children during the teen week surf camp sessions.
Summer Camp Details:
●Use coupon (优惠券) code: "CAMP5" at checkout to get the 5% discount
*Daily Rate: $125.00 / person
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*Surf Camp Runs: 9:30 am — 2:30 pm
●Please note: We don't supervise (指导) the campers after 2:45 pm.
*Directions to Camp: click here
Contact Us: 888-672-4887 info@floridasurflessons.com
1
Where does this passage probably come from?
A. A newspaper.
B. A magazine.
C. A website.
D. A guide book.
2
If the Smiths with their 11-year-old son want to join in the Summer Surf Camp, they'd better go there
on
.
A. June 10th
B. June 23rd
C. July 29th
D. July 22nd
3
Who are allowed to take part in Session 5 and Session 8?
A. Mr Johnson and his wife.
B. A couple without children.
C. Mr Black and his 19-year-old son.
D. Mrs Black and her 21-year-old daughter.
4
If Mr and Mrs Brown have a "CAMP5" coupon and want to join in the Summer Surf Camp from June
30th to July 3rd, how much should they pay?
A. $760.
B. $600.
C. $800.
D. $950.
5
What can we know from the form?
A. The campers are supervised all day.
B. A couple can sign up and join in the Camp by fax.
C. Parents can take part in Session 3 together with their children.
D. An adult can join in the Summer Surf Camp on any day in June.
B
A Brief Introduction to Some Dictionaries
Norman Merriam Webster BES — 1850 Dictionary
This handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Spanish and English!
This dictionary is specially designed for all levels of language skill from beginner to advanced.
Brand V7 Dictionary/Translator
This special model features the largest and most complete Russian-English dictionary. Advanced
English speech, accent correction function and specialized terms database will help you communicate.
Business organizers will allow you to stay in touch with the world through all kinds of advanced features.
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Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary
It is the nearest word finder. It is also great for cross word puzzles. It will show you the time, day and
date of local time zone and the same for over 100 cities throughout the world by simply entering the first
letter of the name of the city.
Ectaco KD−800 Dictionary/Translator
This advanced talking handheld translator features the following dictionaries: the general English-Korean
dictionary for 215,905 entries (词条); popular Korean-English dictionary for 183,279 entries, and the dictionary
of Chinese traditional characters for 7,744 entries.
The Lingo Traveler 18
It is a great value as well as an international translator.
Draw on over 96,000 words and 8,000
useful phrases. Equipped with a powerful databank, The Lingo Traveler 18 allows you to store all of your
appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses.
6
Which dictionary can Betty's mother buy to help her daughter improve her Spanish?
A. Norman Merriam Webster BES — 1850 Dictionary.
B. Ectaco KD−800 Dictionary/Translator.
C. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary.
D. Brand V7 Dictionary/Translator.
7
What is the function of The Lingo Traveler 18?
A. It provides you with 96,000 phrases and 8,000 words.
B. It shows you the time, day and date of local time zone over 100 cities.
C. You can store your appointments, telephone numbers and addresses in it.
D. It will allow you to stay in touch with the world through all kinds of advanced features.
8
What can we learn about the dictionaries from the text?
A. The Lingo Traveler 18 is a popular Korean-English and Chinese dictionary.
B. Norman Merriam Webster BES — 1850 Dictionary is the nearest word finder.
C. Ectaco KD−800 Dictionary/Translator is designed for all levels of language skill.
D. Brand V7 Dictionary/Translator is the most complete Russian-English dictionary.
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推理判断
1
方法复习
>> Notes <<
2
精讲精练
A
Small seating in the economy-class (经济舱) sections of airplanes is not just uncomfortable but poten-
tially life-threatening. Space has become so tight that passengers cannot protect themselves in the event
of a crash.
A report on a long distance flight from the doctors of Vienna stated that only 10% in economy class
could adopt the recommended brace position on the plane's safety tips in case of emergency, and they
were the smallest of the group. And 30% of their fellow passengers traveling in first class could adopt the
position, which is internationally recognized as improving the chances of survival in the event of a crash.
The authors of the report are now calling for greater space between seat rows to increase safety.
A spokesman for British Airways (BA), which is responsible for safety on all British planes, opposed
the idea that small seating was a threat (威胁) to passengers. "We don't think it is a safety matter," he said,
"We have high safety standards and all UK aircraft meet them." In the past month, both British Airways and
Virgin Atlantic introduced sleeper seats, stressing the outstanding comfort in the front of the planes. But
that space gained is space lost in economy.
Until recently, economy class was at least "bearable" — with an 86-centimeter seat. Scheduled
Airlines such as BA and KLM gave passengers enough leg room and comfortable seats. But the arrival of
new, weight-saving seats caused economy class to take a turn for the worse. Extra rows have been put
into the plane, with the result that the average seat now is 79 centimetres. Singapore Airlines has become
the latest carrier to narrow down its seats. It announced free wine for economy passengers last September,
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but at the same time reduced leg room by 8 centimetres.
Economy class on Scheduled Airlines is now often little better than economy on Qatar Airways. Some
Qatar Airways even offer the chance to upgrade — at a price — to seats which, at 89-91 centimetres, are
roomier than those of most Scheduled Airlines.
1
Where does the passage most probably come from?
A. A biography.
B. A book review.
C. A magazine.
D. A realistic novel.
B
Fifty years ago, the well-loved musician Bob Dylan played at the Newport Folk Festival and was widely
booed (嘘声). The audience may have been unhappy but Dylan's performance helped change the direction
of music and culture in the United States.
The mid-1960s were a time of great change. One such place of change was the world of folk music.
Bob Dylan became a symbol of change when he moved from acoustic (原声的) to electric guitar.
Rock music historian Elijah Wald has written a new book about the change. It is called "Dylan Goes
Electric."
"There was a moment in the early 1960s when you could look at the Billboard charts and seven of the
top 10 albums were folk records. And Joan Baez, Peter Paul and Mary, the Kingston Trio, all had huge,
huge, huge number-one records. "
And then this happened: The "British Invasion" introduced the world to the Beatles and grew a huge
fan base for rock music. That worried many folk musicians, says Elijah Wald.
They hoped that Bob Dylan would come to the rescue. However, a new Dylan sound came from the
stage.
Bob Dylan had gone electric, and the followers of folk music were not pleased.
"When Dylan went electric, I think one of the issues was the feeling that — wait a minute, he's gone
over to the enemy."
Folk lovers had looked to Bob Dylan to save their movement from rock and roll. But, author Wald says
Dylan felt differently about the music.
"Dylan had always liked rock and roll and Dylan didn't think of rock and roll as stupid music." In fact,
Dylan was a Beatles fan. He later said that from the first time he heard the Beatles he knew "they were
pointing to the direction where music had to go."
Beyond the music, Dylan's performance that night also marked a turn in American culture.
2
What will the author most probably talk about next?
A. Dylan's deep love for the Beatles' rock and roll music.
B. Dylan's beliefs in the new direction music should go.
C. Dylan's music as a great contribution to American folk music.
D. Dylan's performance as a mark of a change in American culture.
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C
Have you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child
— a bit of nostalgia (怀旧) or "blast from the past," as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory. The
words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering
a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even
one of the most difficult languages.
Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20.
Then they gave the groups three different types of "listen-and-repeat" learning conditions. Researchers
had one group simply speak the words. They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm, or beat.
And they asked the third group to sing the words.
All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15 minutes. Then they took part in a
series of language tests to see what they remembered.
Why Hungarian, you ask? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know
the language. It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages, such as Italian or Spanish.
After the tests were over, the singers came out on top. The people who learned these new Hungarian words
by singing them showed a higher overall performance. They did the best in four out of five of the tests. They
also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.
Dr. Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to
remember things when they are contained in a catchy or memorable tune.
Dr. Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages. On the University
of Edinburgh's website Dr. Ludke writes, "This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and
-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in
this area."
3
From the last two paragraphs, we can conclude that
.
A. singing is the best way to learn a foreign language
B. brain probably works best when foreign language learners sing the words
C. a listen-repeat method is very effective for any language learner
D. Dr. Katie Overy and Dr. Ludke disagree with each other
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D
A freshly baked roll is as delightful as a soft, light cloud on a summer's day. What gives bread much
of its appealing texture is gluten, a group of proteins found in wheat. But in people with celiac disease (乳
糜泻), gluten damages the small intestine (肠). Many others may have milder gluten intolerance and avoid
foods that contain it.
Most gluten-free bread is made from alternative flours such as rice or potato, so it tastes and feels
different from wheat bread. Now, however, researchers say that they have found a way to genetically
engineer wheat that contains far less of the most troublesome type of gluten — but still has other proteins
that give bread its characteristic taste and springiness.
Genetically modified crops are the subject of fierce debate around the world. The biggest concern
involves the practice of inserting DNA from one species into another, says Francisco Barro, a plant
biotechnologist. To avoid this genetic crossover, Barro and his colleagues used the gene-editing technique
CRISPR/Cas9 to cut selected genes from a wheat genome (基因组).
Their study zeroed in on alpha-gliadins (α-胶质蛋白), gluten proteins believed to be wheat's major
troublemakers in the immune system. The researchers designed bits of genetic material that directed the
scissor-like Cas9 protein to cut out 35 of the 45 alpha-gliadin genes. When the modified wheat was tested
in a Petri dish, it produced an 85 percent weaker immune response, the team reported online last September
in Plant Biotechnology Journal.
Wendy Harwood, a crop geneticist at the John Innes Center in England, who was not part of the study,
notes that the engineered wheat has a long way to go before it can be turned into anything marketable.
"I don't think it's the end of the story," she says, "This is just a really important step in maybe producing
something that is going to be incredibly useful." To develop a completely safe strain of wheat for celiac
patients, the researchers may need to target more of the gluten genes. Barro says his team is working on
that.
4
What's Wendy Harwood's attitude towards engineered wheat?
A. A little alarmed.
B. Mildly surprised.
C. Somewhat opposed.
D. Cautiously optimistic.
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E
GOING TO UNIVERSITY is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably
made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encouraging. But is it
actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tübingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out.
Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week,
she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring
minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational (职业的) training for work.
However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.
Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of
2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was
of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness (认真) and so on. The other was of attitudes,
such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice — once towards the
end of each volunteer's time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on
the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it
was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose
vocational training and a job.
When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had
gone to university had not changed significantly. Those who had undergone vocational training and then
got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either — except in one crucial respect. They had
become more conscientious.
That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergraduates
as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying. In
the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed
marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict
their choice of careers.
Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the degree-
less. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers
mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits.
If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on
are narrowing people's choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.
5
What is the author's attitude towards the finding?
A. Concerned.
B. Optimistic.
C. Unclear.
D. Sceptical.
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3
综合练习
A
Regulating a complex new technology is hard, particularly if it is evolving rapidly. With autonomous
vehicles (AVs) just around the corner, what can policymakers do to ensure that they arrive safely and
smoothly and deliver on their promise?
The immediate goal is to make sure that AVs are safe without preventing innovation. In America,
experimental AVs are allowed on the road in many states as long as the companies operating them accept
responsibility. Chris Urmson of Aurora says American regulators have got things right, working closely with
AV firms and issuing guidelines rather than strict rules that might prevent the progress of the industry. "It's
important that we don't jump to regulation before we actually have something to regulate," he says.
On the other hand, Singapore's government has taken the most hands-on approach to preparing
for AVs, says Karl Iagnemma of nuTonomy, an AV startup that has tested vehicles in the city-state. For
example, it has introduced a "driving test" that AVs must pass before they can go on the road. This does
not guarantee safety but sets a minimum standard.
"Elsewhere, regulators have permitted limited testing on public roads but want to see more evidence
that the vehicles are safe before going further", says Takao Asami of the Renault Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance
(联盟). "Simple accumulation of mileage (里程) will never prove that the vehicle is safe," he says. Instead,
regulators are talking to car makers and technology firms to develop new safety standards. Marten Levenstam,
head of product strategy at Volvo, compares the process to that of developing a new drug. First, you show
in the laboratory that it might work; then you run clinical trials in which you carefully test its safety and
efficiency; and if they are successful, you ask for regulatory approval to make the drug generally available.
Similarly, autonomous cars are currently at the clinical-trial stage, without final approval as yet. It is not
possible to prove that a new drug is entirely safe, but the risk is worth taking because of the benefits the
drug provides. It will be the same for AVs, he suggests. After all, nowadays human-driven vehicles are
hardly risk-free.
1
In Chris Urmson's opinion,
.
A. strict rules are necessary in the progress of AVs
B. we must regulate AVs before problems occur
C. governments should take approaches to preparing for AVs
D. regulators had better cooperate with AV firms and issue guidelines
2
How is the process of developing new safety standards of AVs explained in the last paragraph?
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By analyzing cause and effects.
D. By listing statistics.
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3
What is Marten Levenstam's attitude towards AVs?
A. Positive.
B. Negative.
C. Neutral.
D. Doubtful.
B
It is one of the oldest magic tricks in the book — a magician locks a woman in a box, with her head
and feet sticking out from either end, and saws (锯) it in half. But when she finally jumps out of the box, the
woman is unharmed.
This trick was introduced nearly a century ago. It has been around for some time, but it never goes
wrong. Why is it so successful? The answer is simple: the human mind is easily fooled.
Our brain processes the world around us based on information that sensory organs, including the
eyes, pick up. For instance, when we see a cow or a horse standing behind a tree, we automatically "fill in"
the part of the animal's body that is hidden from our sight. "So the brain is taking this kind of very sparse
(匮乏的) information about the world and it's generating this rich world by filling in information," Stephen
Macknik, a scientist at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Arizona, US, told Science magazine.
But since our brains are filling in the gaps, sometimes they get it wrong. They tend to be driven by our
previous experiences and we expect things to go as they have in the past even if sometimes they do not.
This tendency explains magicians' success in fooling people with well-known coin tricks. For example,
when you see a magician throw a coin up and down in one hand and then fake a coin thrown to the other
hand, you would naturally believe that the coin is in the other hand.
Apart from the information gaps, magicians also use the "blind spots" theory when doing their shows.
The most well-known experiment demonstrating this theory is called the "invisible gorilla (大猩猩)", in
which volunteers watch a video of two basketball teams. They are asked to count how many times the team
wearing white shirts pass the ball. In the meantime, a person dressed as a gorilla walks onto the court. But
shockingly, half of the viewers don't notice the gorilla, even when they appear to be looking directly at it.
Magicians employ this tactic (招数), what they call "misdirection", in almost every one of their acts.
They direct our attention somewhere else using comedy and music, which can make us miss stuff during
the performance.
4
The magic trick is mentioned in the first paragraph to
.
A. introduce the steps of the magic trick
B. prove magic tricks seldom go wrong
C. reveal how magic tricks are designed
D. get us to wonder how magicians trick the mind
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5
We can conclude from the passage that the human mind is easily fooled because our brain
.
A. may have difficulty remembering what we just saw
B. fills in information about the magic world
C. is influenced by our previous experiences
D. processes far more information than our sensory organs pick up
6
What does the underlined word "invisible" in paragraph 7 refer to?
A. Unnoticed.
B. Unimportant.
C. Unpleasant.
D. Unprepared.
7
During the "invisible gorilla" experiment, people watching the video ignore the "gorilla" because
.
A. they don't look directly at it
B. they are not interested in it
C. they are too focused on counting
D. they consider it to be a distraction
8
Why do magicians usually use comedy and music when they play magic tricks?
A. To get viewers to stay focused on the show.
B. To make the show more fun and exciting.
C. To draw viewers' attention away from a secret action.
D. To create information gaps between magicians and viewers.
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2
Part
2
Rational Cloze
By the end of the year, a 3D-printed bridge will be put to use in China for the first time.
Different 1 traditional bridges, its 2 (create) design doesn't use reinforced concrete.
It is made of a new material 3 (design) to weather rain and sun for 4 extended period,
and that's durable enough to meet national construction industry standards. If parts of the bridge become
damaged, they can be repaired 5 (separate).
The 15-meter-long footbridge in Shanghai, 6 will have service life of up to 30 years, will take
35 days to build, according to 7 (it) chief architect. The complex curved surfaces of the bridge
can only be achieved by 8 (use) 3D printing technology. Based on laboratory testing, it can bear
a load of 250 kilograms per square meter.
This isn't the first time that a 3D-printed bridge 9 (make) in China. In July last year, Tongji
University in Shanghai made the world's first two 3D-printed pedestrian bridges.
10 , that pair of bridges were only built as a demonstration, and not for actual use.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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Part
3
Summary
学霸
笔记
LECTURE 5
Part 1
Reading
Part 2
Proof-reading
Part 3
Summary
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1
Part
1
Reading
主旨大意
1
方法复习
>> Notes <<
2
精讲精练
A
As an international body charged with the mission of keeping world peace and development, the
United Nations cannot operate without financial support from its member countries. And as a firm defender
of multilateralism (多边主义) and a beneficiary of globalization, China knows how important it is to safeguard
the current world order in which the UN plays an important role. China is aware of how important it is that
it does its bit to ensure the UN can accomplish its missions, and knows that this is a responsibility it must
undertake for the benefit of all.
And Chinese people can take pride in the fact that the country has overtaken Japan to be the second-
largest contributor to the UN regular budget. Since how much a country pays to the regular budget of the
United Nations is a standard on how powerful the country is, at least financially. It is therefore natural that
China's contribution to the UN budget should rise from 2.05 percent in 2005 to 12.01 percent this year.
That hike is an indicator of what the country has achieved over the past 13 years. With the country's further
development, there is no doubt that its financial contribution to the UN will continue to rise. China will pay
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as it should.
However, the more money a country pays, the more responsibility it shoulders and more say it is entitled
to enjoy as a major player on the world stage. But the reality is that the rights and international standing China
enjoys are still disproportional (不相称的) to what it does for the UN and its contribution to the development
of the world economy. As a responsible member of the international community, China is struggling for
reform of the UN and the global governance system so they are more effective and representative of the
international community as a whole.
Although peace and development remain the themes of the times, uncertainty and instability are on the
rise. With this in mind, all countries should make combined efforts to deepen understanding, increase trust
and promote cooperation. China is committed to building a community with a shared future for humanity
and will continue to work with the UN to realize that vision.
1
What is the main idea of the text?
A. China is keeping world peace and development instead of the UN.
B. China contributes most to the UN regular budget.
C. China enjoys more say as a great power on the world stage.
D. China is working with the UN in search for common good.
B
Cooperation at work is generally seen as a good thing. The latest survey by the Financial Times of
what employers want from MBA graduates found that the ability to work with a wide variety of people was
what managers wanted most. But managers always have to balance the benefits of teamwork, which help
ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal, with the dangers of "groupthink" when critics are
reluctant to point out a plan's drawbacks for fear of being kept out of the group. The disastrous Bay of Pigs
invasion of Cuba in 1961 was a classic case of groupthink. Skeptics were reluctant to challenge John F.
Kennedy, the newly elected American president.
Modern communication methods mean that cooperation is more frequent. Workers are constantly
in touch with each other via e-mail messaging groups or mobile calls. But does that improve, or lower
performance? A new study by three American academics, tried to answer this question. They set a logical
problem (designing the shortest route for a travelling salesman visiting various cities). Three groups were
involved: one where subjects acted independently; another where they saw the solutions posted by team
members at every stage; and a third where they were kept informed of each other's views only intermittently.
The survey found that members of the individualist group reached the premier solution more often than
the constant cooperators but had a poorer average result. The intermittent cooperators found the right result
as often as the individualists, and got a better average solution. When it comes to idea generation, giving
people a bit of space to a solution seems to be a good idea. Occasional cooperation can be a big help:
most people have benefited from a colleague's brainwave or (just as often) wise advice to avoid a particular
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course of action.
Further clues come from a book, Superminds, by Thomas Malone of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. He says that three factors determine the collective intelligence of cooperating groups: social
intelligence (how good people were at rating the emotional states of others); the extent to which members
took part equally in conversation (the more equal, the better); and the cooperation of women in the group
(the higher, the better). Groups ranked highly in these areas cooperated far better than others.
In short, cooperation may be a useful tool but it doesn't work in every situation.
2
Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. When Teamwork Works
B. What Teamwork Is About
C. How Teamwork Operates
D. A Useful Tool: Cooperation
C
After retirement, Michael Kennedy could have chosen to take walks around his seaside home. Instead,
the former mechanical engineer engaged himself in the toughest task of his life — keeping the thundering
waves of the Norfolk Coast.
The 73-year-old has spent the past 14 years building his own sea wall at Hunstanton, piling up rocks
picked from the sandy beach to slow the erosion (侵蚀) of the soft limestone (石灰岩) and chalk cliffs. It's
estimated that Michael has shifted 200 tons of stone in the last 14 years.
"It's a real labour of love because I come down here whatever the weather, in spring, summer, autumn
and winter," said the divorced father of two. "It keeps me fit and I love it."
Mr. Kennedy moved to the area after retiring from the London Underground. Nicknamed Fred Flintstone
by locals, he tries to move at least 40 pounds of rocks in two-hour sessions which he finishes by 2 p.m.
Everything he collects is placed into piles at the foot of the cliffs. Larger rocks go at the bottom to
provide the main line of defence and smaller ones are placed at the top. He also picks up rubbish and
prides himself on having created a spotless, stone-free sandy beach for holidaymakers to enjoy.
The work goes on six days a week. Saturdays are his day off so that the Chelsea "fanatic" can watch
football and other sports. However, there are signs that he is becoming a victim of his own success, as the
number of stones has dwindled significantly in recent months.
"It's confusing," Mr. Kennedy said. "Usually every year the stones just come in with the sea but this
year we haven't had any." He added, "I hope to still be doing it when I'm 100 but perhaps just four days a
week instead of six."
Town mayor Peter Mallam said Mr. Kennedy had become "quite a local legend". "It's fascinating.
Everyone knows of the old guy who collects the stones. He's done a sterling effort."
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3
What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To describe a unique sea wall.
B. To introduce a local legend.
C. To recommend a retirement lifestyle.
D. To call on the public to build more sea walls.
D
Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class
citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken
faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve,
they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward
for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn
State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers
offered food to the animals.
The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's.
Then the team
switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the
O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable
feat of reasoning.
I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago,
I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates
(灵长目动物) , after all, animals from our own mammalian (哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that
along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express
profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals
helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to
undergo painful procedures in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in
small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens,
pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理
的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development
of our science? Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But
what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make
changes in who we eat?
4
Paragraph 4 is mainly about
.
A. the similarities between mammals and humans
B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals
C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals
D. a discovery of how animals express themselves
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综合练习
A
Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognize the
significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it
becomes enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker.
It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning
may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noises — the
phonemes (音素) of a language — each cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would
change the meaning of a word in other languages.
But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests
that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by
diet. This is unexpected. We'd rather think of language as the product of our thought, rather than of the
arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.
Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齿音) — those such
as f and v — that are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of
Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these
consonants (辅音) are much more common. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and
more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front
teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to
bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely
labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f came to take the place of p. Romans said "pater" but English
speakers (unless they're Rees-Moggs) say "father".
Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human
is both material and spiritual: speech must combine sound and meaning, and the meaning can't exist or
be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to
understand or even to recognize foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes our jaws, and our
jaws in turn shape the sounds of our language. The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought
too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our
language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express. A family meal is
very different from a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same. Food has purposes and
meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the palate (味觉).
1
Compared with adults, babies could more easily
.
A. create significant noises
B. classify the forms of noises
C. understand the Greek language
D. distinguish meaningful sounds
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2
According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language?
A. Lips and teeth.
B. Jobs and habits.
C. Age and regions.
D. Food and thinking.
3
The reason for farmers' making sounds of "f" and "v" is
.
A. enjoying more cooked foods
B. biting more with front teeth
C. constantly chewing harder foods
D. growing up with larger lower jaws
4
By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal
.
A. jaws help shape our thought
B. food determines our thought
C. diet has some influence on language
D. language consists of sound and meaning
B
A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station Thursday had to make an emergency
landing when a rocket engine failed to fire. It was the latest in a recent series of failures for the Russian
space program, which is also used by the U.S. to carry its astronauts to the station.
United States astronaut Nick Hague and Russian astronaut Alexei Ovchinin landed safely about 20
kilometers from Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan. The city is about 450 kilometers from the Russia's Baikonur
space center, which Russia operates through an agreement with the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Both the U.S. space agency NASA and Russia's Roscosmos reported that the two were quickly
recovered from the landing area by rescue crews. A spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin said,
"Thank God the crew is alive" after they had landed safely.
About two minutes after launching, the three-stage Soyuz booster rocket suffered an unspecified
failure of its second stage. Russia's TASS news agency said the capsule carrying the two men separated
from the troubled rocket safely. This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into the Earth's atmosphere.
Parachutes (降落伞) helped slow the returning capsule. Search and rescue teams were sent to recover the
crew.
Russia's RIA news agency reported that Russia has immediately put off all manned space launches
after the failure. Roscosmos head Dmitry Rogozin said he had ordered a state commission to carry out an
investigation into what went wrong. He said Russia will share all relevant information with the U.S.
The TASS news agency said that the ISS crew has enough supplies and that the failed launch will not
affect operations.
The U.S. and other nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the ISS since the retirement
of the Space Shuttle program in 2011. In coming years, American aerospace companies SpaceX, with its
Dragon 2, and Boeing, with its Starliner, are expected to return to space.
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5
What can be the best title of the text?
A. The Rescue of Two Astronauts
B. The Launch of Russian Spacecraft
C. Cooperation between Russia and America
D. Emergency Landing in Failed Space Launch
6
What caused the failure of the launch?
A. The problem of the engine.
B. The terrible weather.
C. The drop of the capsule.
D. The wrong operation.
7
What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A. SpaceX is sure to go back to space soon.
B. America carried astronauts to the ISS by itself before 2011.
C. Now only Russia can carry astronauts to space.
D. The ISS crew lives a very good life in the space station.
8
What can we learn about the launch?
A. The capsule landed safely in Dzhezkazgan, Russia.
B. Russia had never failed in the space launch before this failure.
C. The failed launch will have a serious effect on the operations.
D. At first the capsule dropped very rapidly into the Earth's atmosphere.
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词义猜测
1
方法复习
>> Notes <<
2
精讲精练
A
As she was writing just for herself, something surprising began to happen. "The characters took on a
life of their own; they started doing things I hadn't thought about. It just flew." One day, an agent called from
Australia. Three weeks later, Moira had a publication deal. Her novel, Cicada, was published in March.
1
What does the underlined word "flew" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. Succeeded.
B. Survived.
C. Broke.
D. Failed.
B
And Chinese people can take pride in the fact that the country has overtaken Japan to be the second-
largest contributor to the UN regular budget. Since how much a country pays to the regular budget of the
United Nations is a standard on how powerful the country is, at least financially. It is therefore natural that
China's contribution to the UN budget should rise from 2.05 percent in 2005 to 12.01 percent this year.
That hike is an indicator of what the country has achieved over the past 13 years. With the country's further
development, there is no doubt that its financial contribution to the UN will continue to rise. China will pay
as it should.
2
What does the underlined word "hike" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Walk.
B. Rise.
C. Budget.
D. Contribution.
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C
During the period of Middle Age, the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas
in his work De Magistro. Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting
importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts (which are apt to
change over time), and that one should teach first about people, not machines or techniques.
It was
originally religious in nature, and it was only much later that a theory of worldly Perennialism developed.
3
According to the passage, the underlined word "Perennialism" most probably refers to something
.
A. that is unnecessary
B. that is of ceaseless importance
C. that is abstract and theoretical
D. that exists no more
D
Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped skins. Though
trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, tiger pelts are worth around $10,000 on the black
market. Though the fur would be incentive enough for most poachers, other parts of the tiger can also
fetch a pretty penny. Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have
healing properties. Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones, amongst other parts, in
some prescriptions.
4
The underlined word "incentive" in the third paragraph probably means
.
A. attractive
B. innovative
C. alternative
D. respective
E
"Don't tell anyone". We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But it can be hard to keep
a secret. We're often tempted to "spill the beans", even if we regret it later.
5
The underlined phrase "spill the beans" is closest in meaning to
.
A. let out a secret
B. tell the truth
C. eat our words
D. take gossip
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F
The Rapid Rise and Fall of Robot Babysitters
Broadly speaking, jobs of caring for robots fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which
include maintenance, engineering and programming. The demand for people with this skill set is consider-
able, with 20 million to 50 million new jobs to be expected in this category by 2030, according to the Mckinsey
Global Institute. In the year that ended in June 2018, Indeed.com had almost three times the number of
positions on the recruitment committee that ended in June 2016.
6
What does "fall under the umbrella of" in Para. 2 mean?
A. Are in the category of.
B. Are under the protection of.
C. Are in relation of.
D. Are in the process of.
G
Garmezy 's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual's success
despite of the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck,
but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the
environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an "internal lens of control (内控点)". They
believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw
themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
7
What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The psychologists.
B. The resilient children.
C. Positive elements.
D. Internal locus of control.
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综合练习
A
Solar energy systems / power plants do not produce air pollution, water pollution, or greenhouse gases.
Using solar energy can have a positive, indirect effect on the environment, when solar energy replaces or
reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger effects on the environment.
However, some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic (光电池的) cells
that convert sunlight into electricity. Some solar thermal (保热的) systems use potentially hazardous liquids
to transfer heat. Leaks of these materials could be harmful to the environment. U.S. environmental laws
regulate the use and settlement of these types of materials.
As with any type of power plant, large solar power plants can affect the environment near their locations.
The placement of the power plant may have long-term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals.
Some solar power plants may require water for cleaning solar collectors and concentrators or for cooling
turbine generators. Using large volumes of ground water or surface water in some dry locations may affect
the ecosystems that depend on these water resources. In addition, the beam of concentrated sunlight a
solar power tower creates can kill birds and insects that fly into the beam.
The amount of solar energy that the earth receives each day is many times greater than the total amount
of all energy that people consume each day. However, on the surface of the earth, solar energy is a variable
and irregular energy source. The amount of sunlight and the intensity of sunlight varies by time of day and
location. Weather and climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight daily and on a seasonal basis.
The type and size of a solar energy collection and conversion system determines how much of the available
solar energy we can convert into useful energy.
1
Which of the following best explains "hazardous" underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. Inexpensive.
B. Dangerous.
C. Ineffective.
D. Abnormal.
2
What influence can large solar power plants have on the locations?
A. Polluting the ground water.
B. Protecting the habitats of plants and animals.
C. Damaging the local natural balance.
D. Attracting birds and insects to the area.
3
What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A. Different areas receive different amount of solar energy.
B. How to convert solar energy into useful energy.
C. The relationship between solar energy collection and the sunlight.
D. Some factors that influence the amount of solar energy collection.
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4
What does the author think of the solar energy systems?
A. They are totally environment-friendly.
B. They have both advantages and disadvantages.
C. They should be forbidden in the future.
D. They should be encouraged in quantities.
B
When I was about 4 years old, I decided to go to Disney World. For most young kids, it's a normal
request, but I had cerebral palsy (脑瘫). Walking into anywhere, let alone a crowded place like Disney
World was, to put it lightly, a tall order. Luckily, I had people in my corner to help me. Over the next three
years, I worked with physical doctors, acquired a walker, and practiced walking, standing, and balance —
all skills that I would need to turn my goal into a reality.
I remember the feeling when my legs would protest doing any more work. Despite this, everyone else
told me I could do it, so I kept it up. It was all because of people like my parents, brothers, teachers, and
doctors that I was able to grow so much, both physically and mentally. Constantly pushing me to "walk on"
yet encouraging me whenever I needed it.
On June 9, 2008, as I stood in the tunnel leading into Main Street, my dad asked me if I wanted any
help. I instantly replied, "No!" and situated myself facing the end of the tunnel, feet planted firmly, heart
most likely beating out of my chest. Then I went, walking ever so slowly at first, then gradually speeding
up. Step, step, step, step, bump. Holding fast onto the handlebars, I gathered up all my strength, picked
up my walker and straightened out, picking up my pace once again. It wasn't too long before the cheering
increased because I had made it to the end, where my mom was waiting with tears in her eyes and arms
open wide ready to hug her son and tell him how proud she was.
Looking back on that experience, I realize something pretty thoughtful. Every once in a while, life will
throw a few bumps in the road. Though it may set you back for a bit, don't let it stop you. Pick yourself back
up and finish. It's worth it. Besides, there just might be someone there cheering you on along the way.
5
Which of the following best explains "a tall order" underlined in Paragraph 1?
A. An easy decision.
B. An available action.
C. A reasonable order.
D. A challenging task.
6
Why does the author say he's lucky?
A. He eventually has his brain disease well cured.
B. He constantly gets courage and support from others.
C. He is likely to do any kind of work in his later life.
D. He is naturally gifted in keeping balance on his own.
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7
The author gives a vivid picture of himself in Paragraph 3 to
.
A. explain he was terrified to take the first step
B. describe he took pride in his mother and friends
C. show how he managed to walk by himself
D. prove how he understood to respect others
8
What can be the best title of the text?
A. Where Dreams Come True
B. When Bad Fortune Falls
C. How I Value Friendship
D. Why I Look Back My Life
2
Part
2
Proof-reading
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共10 处语言错误，
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
Yesterday, I was walked my dog in the evening when I saw the poor child who was selling some key
chains. He had five key chains and was asking for me to buy one. I asked myself, "Is he selling this build a
house?" My heart answered, "No, this is for his hungry tonight." I bought all the key chain and offered him
milk and biscuits. I gave her a smiley key chain back as a gift, but his smile was awesome. I feel great
satisfaction in my heart at that moment. I believe that life is successfully if you win a smile from someone.
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3
Part
3
Summary
学霸
笔记
LECTURE 6
Part 1
Gap-filling
Part 2
Task Reading
Part 3
Summary
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1
Part
1
Gap-filling
1
方法复习
>> Notes <<
2
精讲精练
A
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to
sleep, they die within a month. 1
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that, while awake, fresh
memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes
that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in
the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken
at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the
connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day
to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses
become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same
size. 5 "You keep what matters," Tononi says.
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A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
B
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to
make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way
to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 1
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property
(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. 2 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great
shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk, take along
a small garbage bag. 3 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
4 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor
suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know you are there to help in any way that is
acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
5 By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and
taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor
that everyone appreciates.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
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C
Bad News for the Highly Intelligent
There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the
classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience
negative life events.
1 In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of
Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood (情绪) disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents
were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the
percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa's highly intelligent
members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.
To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory.
This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and
physiological "overexcitabilities", or OE. 2 This can include anything from an astonishing sound
to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people.
A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative
outcomes that simply wouldn't occur to someone less intelligent. 3
The results of this study must be interpreted cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common
in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn't prove that high intelligence is
the cause of the disorder. 4 All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises
to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between
intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene (基因) influences
seemingly unrelated characteristics.
5 In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues
concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a
practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people's psychological and
physical well-being.
A. Now there's some bad news for those smart people.
B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.
C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.
D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages.
E. That may cause the body's stress response, which may make the person even more anxious.
F. It's also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ.
G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders.
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2
Part
2
Task Reading
1
方法复习
>> Notes <<
2
精讲精练
A
Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others
live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after
school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What
could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I
started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the
top! But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would
be worried sick if I didn't come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get
too scared.
Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could
there be a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster (怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never
coming back home. Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going
to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can't do" attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts
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and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what's at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear
or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "You can't." Dream
big and climb high!
1
What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
.
2
Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no
more than 15 words)
.
3
How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more
than 10 words)
.
4
How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
.
5
What's your attitude towards the "mountain" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
.
B
How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful
piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to
our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of
artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people
earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. "If you build it they will come" is a misleading
belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets
and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ
more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect (连锁反应) throughout a community. In 2005,
when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town.
After investing more than 1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater
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performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz
lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area's development and economic growth. Today, there
are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where
there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.
TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg's investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000
in public and private sector support during the two-year period.
Further, Dallas arts and arts-based
businesses produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia,
a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support
44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers,
construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business
community benefits.
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups
must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to
have a plan B. But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns
can create a wide range of career possibilities.
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C
What can we learn from Amish people?
Many people think of the Amish as living without modern technology. These devout communities,
predominantly located in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, go without cars, TVs, computers, phones or even
the electricity needed to run so much of 21st century gadgetry. But what researchers who have studied
them have found is what the Amish have a surplus of: good health in late life. The average American life
expectancy is currently just under 79 years. Back in 1900, it was only 47, but for early-20th century Amish it
was already greater than 70. Over the decades, most Americans have caught up in overall life expectancy,
but the Amish still have a significant edge in late-life health, with lower rates of cancer, cardiovascular
disease,diabetes and more. So how do they do it?
Start with lifestyle. Amish communities are agrarian, with no modern farm equipment, meaning all the
work has to be done by hand. In 2004, the American College of Sports Medicine fitted Amish volunteers
with pedometers to determine how much physical activity they performed. The results were dramatic.
Amish men took 18,425 steps a day and women 14,196 steps, compared with non-Amish people who
are encouraged by doctors to shoot for at least 10,000 steps and typically fail. Including other forms of
manual labor — lifting, chopping, sowing, planting — the Amish are six times as active as a random sample
of people from 12 countries.
One result of this is that only 4% of Amish people are obese, compared with 36.5% of the overall US
population. Amish children are about one-third as likely asnon-Amish to be obese, according to a 2012
study in PLOS One. This means 50% lower rates of Type 2 diabetes.
The near absence of tobacco in the Amish community — some men do smoke cigars — results in a
63% lower rate of tobacco-related cancers, according to a 2004 study of Ohio's Amish population. The
Amish also had rates of all cancers that were 40% lower than the rest of the Ohio population.
Cardiovascular disease is one area in which the Amish don't have an edge, with blood-pressure and
heart-disease rates slightly higher than those of other populations. Some of this might be attributed to the
Amish diet, which is heavy on pancakes, eggs and sausage for breakfast, and meat, potatoes, gravy and
bread for dinner. Working the farm can burn off those calories, but all the fat and salt and carbs still have a
bad effect.
The most powerful weapon in the Amish long-life arsenal, however, may be genes.
The Amish
population in the US is about 318,000, descended from just 200 families that immigrated in the 1700s.
They mostly marry within their own communities, which means the genes that existed when their ancestors
got to America have remained. That can be a dangerous thing if bad genes are hidden in the mix but a
good thing if the genes are sound. While no community is without genetic problems, the Amish seem to
have gotten a lucky draw.
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In a study released last November, researchers announced the discovery of a gene in an Amish
community that seemed to be associated with an average life span 10% longer than that of people without
the gene.
While much of the Amish advantage is unique to the Amish themselves, there is one long-life lesson
on they can teach everyone else. Almost all elderly people in the Amish community are cared for at home,
by relatives. This isn't always realistic or possible in the non-Amish world, but when it is, it plays huger
health dividends than medicine does.
1
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3
Part
3
Summary
学霸
笔记
LECTURE 7
Part 1
Reading
Part 2
Summary
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1
Part
1
Reading
1
方法复习
>> Notes <<
2
精讲精练
A
Store Scent
What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the
entrance? Or the soft background music?
But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's
scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is proving to be
an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and
out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening
air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers'
intention to purchase increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris, scent is just as important to a brand's success as
the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different
experience to what it used to be.
Some years ago, the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants'
disproving attitude and don't-touch-what-you-can't-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce
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(e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and
sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step
through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but
rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now, a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder
floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store
has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books, pots
and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.
1
According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand stores?
A. Friendly assistants.
B. Unique scents.
C. Soft background music.
D. Attractive window display.
2
E-shops are mentioned in the passage to
.
A. show the advantages of bricks-and-mortar stores
B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C. push stores to use sights and sounds
D. introduce the rise of e-commerce
3
The underlined word "destination" in Paragraph 5 means
.
A. a platform that exhibits goods
B. a spot where travelers like to stay
C. a place where customers love to go
D. a target that a store expects to meet
4
The main purpose of the passage is to
.
A. compare and evaluate
B. examine and assess
C. argue and discuss
D. inform and explain
词汇积累
1. distinctive
/dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/
adj.
独特的；有特色的
a distinctive style
This poem has the distinctive flavour of a ballad.
拓展：
distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；明白的
characteristic adj. 典型的；独特的n. 特征；品质
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2. introduce
/ˌɪntrəˈduːs/
v.
介绍，引进；使尝试；实施
It was she who first introduced the pleasures of sailing to me.
We want to introduce the latest technology into schools.
拓展：
n. 介绍；推行；采用
3. intention
/ɪnˈtenʃn/
n.
打算；计划；意图
It was not my intention that she should suffer.
She's full of good intentions but they rarely work out.
拓展：
v. 打算；计划
4. disprove
/ˌdɪsˈpruːv/
v.
证明……是错误的
The theory has now been disproved.
拓展：
prove v. 证明；证实；展现，显示
v. 赞同；同意
5. destination
/ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/
n.
目的地；重点
to arrive at the destination
popular holiday destinations
拓展：
destined adj. 注定的；预定的
长难句分析
1. A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and
out to the entrance, via scent machines.
2. When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris, scent is just as important to a brand's success as
the quality of its window displays and goods on sale.
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B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's
an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as
they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry
behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches
or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台) . The bags are
prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag
makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as
most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags,
which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may
be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable
shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels
out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a
cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute (质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday
too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
5
What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
6
What does the word "headwinds" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
7
What is the disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
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What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
词汇积累
1. consider
/kənˈsɪdə/
v.
细想；认为
We're considering buying a new house.
The award is considered (as) a great honor.
拓展：
n. 考虑
2. defend
/dɪˈfend/
v.
防御，防卫；辩解；为……辩护
She has employed one of the country's top lawyers to defend him.
It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack.
拓展：
n. 防护，防卫；防御措施
adj. 防御的；戒备的
v. 冒犯；得罪
3. prohibit
/prəˈhɪbɪt/
v.
禁止；阻止, 使不可能
Fishing is prohibited.
No one can prohibit you from doing so.
拓展：
v. 禁止；不准
v. 阻止；阻碍
4. assume
/əˈsuːm/
v.
假设；承担(责任)，取得(权力)
Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.
拓展：
n. 假定；假设；承担
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5. aim
/eɪm/
n.
目标；目的
v.
力求争取；旨在
Bob's one aim in life is to earn a lot of money.
We're aiming at training everybody by the end of the year.
拓展：
n. 意图；目的；目标
长难句分析
1. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic
shopping bags.
2. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their
products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
C
Back in New York, I am in charge of development for a non-profit organization called Robin Hood.
When I'm not fighting poverty, I'm fighting fires as the assistant captain of a volunteer fire company. Now
in our town, where the volunteers supplement a highly skilled career staff, you have to get to the fire scene
pretty early to get in on any action.
I remember my first fire. I was the second volunteer on the scene. When I found the captain, he was
having a very engaging conversation with the homeowner, who was surely having one of the worst days of
her life. In the middle of the night, she was standing outside in the pouring rain, in her pajamas, barefoot,
while her house was in flames.
The other volunteer who had arrived just before me was asked to go inside and save the homeowner's
dog. The dog! I was shocked with jealousy. Then the captain waved me over and said, "Bill, I need you to
go into the house and get this woman a pair of shoes." Not exactly what I was hoping for, but off I went —
past the 'real' firefighters, who were pretty much done putting out the fire, into the bedroom to get a pair of
shoes. I knew I was no hero. A few weeks later, the department received a letter from the homeowner.
The act of kindness she noted above all others: someone had even gotten her a pair of shoes.
In both my vocation at Robin Hood and my avocation as a volunteer firefighter, I am witness to acts of
generosity and kindness on a monumental scale, but I'm also witness to acts of grace and courage on an
individual basis. Not every day is going to offer us a chance to save somebody's life, but every day offers
us an opportunity to affect one.
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What can the author be?
A. A lawyer.
B. A firefighter.
C. A policeman.
D. A manager.
10
What can we know about the homeowner?
A. She fled in a hurry.
B. She lost all her possessions.
C. Someone set her house on fire.
D. Her family were trapped in fire.
11
How did the author feel about his assignment?
A. It was satisfying but difficult.
B. It was embarrassing but easy.
C. It was discouraging but urgent.
D. It was disappointing but acceptable.
12
What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To tell more stories.
B. To encourage small contributions.
C. To express much appreciation.
D. To introduce more details.
词汇积累
1. assistant
/əˈsɪstənt/
n.
助理；助手
adj.
助理的
a senior research assistant
the assistant manager
拓展：
v. 帮助；协助
n. 帮助
2. engage
/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/
v.
吸引(注意力；兴趣)；聘用；与……建立密切关系
I am currently engaged as a consultant.
It's a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.
拓展：
engaged adj.
n. 约定；约会
3. witness /ˈwɪtnəs/
n.
目击者；证人；见证
v.
目击；见证；作证
His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility.
拓展：
目击；看见（某事发生）
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4. generosity /ˌdʒenəˈrɑːsəti/
n.
慷慨；大方；宽宏大量
I felt guilty saying that, playing on her generosity.
拓展：
adj. 慷慨的；大方的
general adj.
5. affect /əˈfekt/
v.
影响；侵袭；使悲伤(怜悯)
His opinion will not affect my decision.
Arthritis is a disease which affects people all over the world.
拓展：
n. 影响；效应；结果
长难句分析
1. When I found the captain, he was having a very engaging conversation with the homeowner, who was
surely having one of the worst days of her life.
2. In both my vocation at Robin Hood and my avocation as a volunteer firefighter, I am witness to acts of
generosity and kindness on a monumental scale, but I'm also witness to acts of grace and courage on an
individual basis.
3
综合练习
Does Fame Drive You Crazy?
Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today's stars, feeling like zoo animals, face
pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world's attention. Paparazzi
(狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their
personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a
signature!
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities (名星) — famous people, worry constantly
about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves
the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. "Over
time," Villarreal says, "they feel separated and alone."
高三英语·目标清北班（全国）·春
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The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B. C., painters
followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles
Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him
to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy (隐私). Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about
film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move
about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do
something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their "story" alive
forever.
If fame is so troublesome, why aren't all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still
ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by
escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they
love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain
about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.
1
It can be learned from the passage that stars today
.
A. are often misunderstood by the public
B. can no longer have their privacy protected
C. spend too much on their public appearance
D. care little about how they have come into fame
2
What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
C. Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
3
What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?
A. Availability of modern media.
B. Inadequate social recognition.
C. Lack of favorable chances.
D. Huge population of fans.
4
What is the author's attitude toward modern celebrity?
A. Sincere.
B. Skeptical.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.
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