Lecture
Lecture 5
5
2020【春】高三目标清北班
Part One
Reading
Part Two
Proof-reading
Part Three Summary
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Reading
Part One
方法复习
主旨大意
1、考点解读
主旨大意题测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速
读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能 力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的标
题、大意或目的设题。
2、解题方法
①首先，要快速浏览，预测大意，然后灵活交替使用跳读、回读、细读
等方式，寻找有用的信息，验证和纠正先前的预测。
②其次，对关键句子要仔细解读, 如文章的首尾段和首尾句，抓住大意，
确定文章的主题思想，分清层次，辨别主题和细节。
方法复习
主旨大意
主旨大意题
主题句在
文首
主题句在
文尾
主题句在
文中
无主题句
段落大意
A
As an international body charged with the mission of keeping world peace and
development, the United Nations cannot operate without financial support from its
member countries. And as a firm defender of multilateralism (多边主义) and a
beneficiary of globalization, China knows how important it is to safeguard the current
world order in which the UN plays an important role. China is aware of how important
it is that it does its bit to ensure the UN can accomplish its missions, and knows that
this is a responsibility it must undertake for the benefit of all.
And Chinese people can take pride in the fact that the country has overtaken
Japan to be the second largest contributor to the UN regular budget. Since how much
a country pays to the regular budget of the United Nations is a standard on how
powerful the country is, at least financially. It is therefore natural that China's
contribution to the UN budget should rise from 2.05 percent in 2005 to 12.01 percent
this year. That hike is an indicator of what the country has achieved over the past 13
years. With the country's further development, there is no doubt that its financial
contribution to the UN will continue to rise. China will pay as it should.
精讲精练
主旨大意
精讲精练
However, the more money a country pays, the more responsibility it shoulders
and more say it is entitled to enjoy as a major player on the world stage. But the
reality is that the rights and international standing China enjoys are still
disproportional (不相称的) to what it does for the UN and its contribution to the
development of the world economy. As a responsible member of the international
community, China is struggling for reform of the UN and the global governance
system so they are more effective and representative of the international community
as a whole.
Although peace and development remain the themes of the times, uncertainty
and instability are on the rise. With this in mind, all countries should make combined
efforts to deepen understanding, increase trust and promote cooperation. China is
committed to building a community with a shared future for humanity and will
continue to work with the UN to realize that vision.
主旨大意
精讲精练
D
主旨大意
What is the main idea of the text?
A. China is keeping world peace and development instead of the UN.
B. China contributes most to the UN regular budget.
C. China enjoys more say as a great power on the world stage.
D. China is working with the UN in search for common good.
1
第一段：As an international body charged with the mission of keeping
world peace and development, the United Nations cannot operate without
financial support from its member countries. And as a firm defender of
multilateralism (多边主义) and a beneficiary of globalization, China knows
how important it is to safeguard the current world order in which the UN
plays an important role. China is aware of how important it is that it does its
bit to ensure the UN can accomplish its missions, and knows that this is a
responsibility it must undertake for the benefit of all.
精讲精练
B
Cooperation at work is generally seen as a good thing. The latest survey by the
Financial Times of what employers want from MBA graduates found that the ability to
work with a wide variety of people was what managers wanted most. But managers
always have to balance the benefits of teamwork, which help ensure that everyone is
working towards the same goal, with the dangers of "groupthink" when critics are
reluctant to point out a plan's drawbacks for fear of being kept out of the group. The
disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 was a classic case of groupthink.
Skeptics were reluctant to challenge John F. Kennedy, the newly elected American
president.
Modern communication methods mean that cooperation is more frequent.
Workers are constantly in touch with each other via e-mail messaging groups or
mobile calls. But does that improve, or lower performance? A new study by three
American academics, tried to answer this question. They set a logical problem
(designing the shortest route for a travelling salesman visiting various cities). Three
groups were involved: one where subjects acted independently; another where they
saw the solutions posted by team members at every stage; and a third where they
were kept informed of each other's views only intermittently.
主旨大意
精讲精练
The survey found that members of the individualist group reached the premier
solution more often than the constant cooperators but had a poorer average result.
The intermittent cooperators found the right result as often as the individualists, and
got a better average solution. When it comes to idea generation, giving people a bit
of space to a solution seems to be a good idea. Occasional cooperation can be a big
help: most people have benefited from a colleague's brainwave or (just as often)
wise advice to avoid a particular course of action.
Further clues come from a book, Superminds, by Thomas Malone of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He says that three factors determine the
collective intelligence of cooperating groups: social intelligence (how good people
were at rating the emotional states of others); the extent to which members took
part equally in conversation (the more equal, the better); and the cooperation of
women in the group (the higher, the better). Groups ranked highly in these areas
cooperated far better than others.
In short, cooperation may be a useful tool but it doesn't work in every situation.
主旨大意
精讲精练
A
主旨大意
Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. When Teamwork Works
B. What Teamwork Is About
C. How Teamwork Operates
D. A Useful Tool: Cooperation
2
最后一段：In short, cooperation may be a useful tool but it doesn't work
in every situation.
精讲精练
C
After retirement, Michael Kennedy could have chosen to take walks around his
seaside home. Instead, the former mechanical engineer engaged himself in the
toughest task of his life — keeping the thundering waves of the Norfolk Coast.
The 73-year-old has spent the past 14 years building his own sea wall at
Hunstanton, piling up rocks picked from the sandy beach to slow the erosion (侵蚀)
of the soft limestone (石灰岩) and chalk cliffs. It's estimated that Michael has shifted
200 tons of stone in the last 14 years.
"It's a real labour of love because I come down here whatever the weather, in
spring, summer, autumn and winter," said the divorced father of two. "It keeps me fit
and I love it."
Mr. Kennedy moved to the area after retiring from the London Underground.
Nicknamed Fred Flintstone by locals, he tries to move at least 40 pounds of rocks in
two-hour sessions which he finishes by 2 p.m.
主旨大意
精讲精练
Everything he collects is placed into piles at the foot of the cliffs. Larger rocks go
at the bottom to provide the main line of defence and smaller ones are placed at the
top. He also picks up rubbish and prides himself on having created a spotless, stone-
free sandy beach for holidaymakers to enjoy.
The work goes on six days a week. Saturdays are his day off so that the Chelsea
"fanatic" can watch football and other sports. However, there are signs that he is
becoming a victim of his own success, as the number of stones has dwindled
significantly in recent months.
"It's confusing," Mr. Kennedy said. "Usually every year the stones just come in
with the sea but this year we haven't had any." He added, "I hope to still be doing it
when I'm 100 but perhaps just four days a week instead of six."
Town mayor Peter Mallam said Mr. Kennedy had become "quite a local legend".
"It's fascinating. Everyone knows of the old guy who collects the stones. He's done a
sterling effort."
主旨大意
精讲精练
B
主旨大意
What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To describe a unique sea wall.
B. To introduce a local legend.
C. To recommend a retirement lifestyle.
D. To call on the public to build more sea walls.
3
本文叙述了73岁的原机械工程师迈克尔·肯尼迪为保护在英国诺福克
郡亨斯坦顿小镇附近的白垩悬崖避免因海水侵蚀而后退，14年以来，
他一直从海滩捡拾石块放置在悬崖下，堆建了一座海岸“保护墙”的
事迹。可知，作者在介绍一个当地的传奇故事。故选B。
精讲精练
D
Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time,
considered second-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among
one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of
separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored
buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later
(and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by
Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O
symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon
ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life
objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the
O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format,
a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
主旨大意
精讲精练
I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career
almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think
and out-feel other animals. They're other primates (灵长目动物) , after all, animals
from our own mammalian (哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along
with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and
elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-
term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our
society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful
procedures in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins
kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the
inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new
science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we
eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our
science? Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these
animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and
feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
主旨大意
精讲精练
C
主旨大意
Paragraph 4 is mainly about ____.
A. the similarities between mammals and humans
B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals
C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals
D. a discovery of how animals express themselves
4
I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career
almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think
and out-feel other animals. They're other primates (灵长目动物) , after all, animals
from our own mammalian (哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along
with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and
elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-
term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our
society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful
procedures in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins
kept in small tanks at theme parks.
A
Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they
can recognize the significant noises around them and group them into a language.
When we have lost this capacity as adults, it becomes enormously difficult to
distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all
sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to
convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and
even then the significant noises — the phonemes (音素) of a language — each cover
a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a
word in other languages.
But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New
research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around
the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected. We'd rather think of
language as the product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth.
In reality, though, any given language must be both.
综合练习
综合练习
Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals
(唇齿音) — those such as f and v — that are made by touching the lower lip with
the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use
them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants
(辅音) are much more common. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked
food and more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less,
and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws
and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods.
It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely
labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f came to take the place of p. Romans said
"pater" but English speakers (unless they're Rees-Moggs) say "father".
综合练习
Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which
everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech must combine
sound and meaning, and the meaning can't exist or be transmitted without a real
object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to
understand or even to recognize foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat
shapes our jaws, and our jaws in turn shape the sounds of our language. The ease
with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered
toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language,
but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express. A family
meal is very different from a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the
same. Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the
palate (味觉).
综合练习
D
Compared with adults, babies could more easily ____.
A. create significant noises
B. classify the forms of noises
C. understand the Greek language
D. distinguish meaningful sounds
1
第一段：Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one,
they can recognize the significant noises around them and group them into a
language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it becomes enormously difficult
to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all
sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to
convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and
even then the significant noises — the phonemes (音素) of a language — each cover
a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a
word in other languages.
综合练习
D
According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language?
A. Lips and teeth.
B. Jobs and habits.
C. Age and regions.
D. Food and thinking.
2
第二段：But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over
time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some
sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected.
We'd rather think of language as the product of our thought, rather than of the
arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.
综合练习
A
The reason for farmers' making sounds of "f" and "v" is ____.
A. enjoying more cooked foods
B. biting more with front teeth
C. constantly chewing harder foods
D. growing up with larger lower jaws
3
Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齿
音) — those such as f and v — that are made by touching the lower lip with the upper
teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example.
But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (辅音) are much more
common. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than
hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their
front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than
their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make
the labiodental consonants instead of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f
came to take the place of p. Romans said "pater" but English speakers (unless they're
Rees-Moggs) say "father".
综合练习
C
By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal ____.
A. jaws help shape our thought
B. food determines our thought
C. diet has some influence on language
D. language consists of sound and meaning
4
第二段：But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over
time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some
sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected.
We'd rather think of language as the product of our thought, rather than of the
arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.
B
A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station Thursday had to
make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire. It was the latest in a
recent series of failures for the Russian space program, which is also used by the U.S. to
carry its astronauts to the station.
United States astronaut Nick Hague and Russian astronaut Alexei Ovchinin landed
safely about 20 kilometers from Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan. The city is about 450
kilometers from the Russia's Baikonur space center, which Russia operates through an
agreement with the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Both the U.S. space agency NASA and Russia's Roscosmos reported that the two
were quickly recovered from the landing area by rescue crews. A spokesman for Russian
President Vladimir Putin said, "Thank God the crew is alive" after they had landed safely.
About two minutes after launching, the three-stage Soyuz booster rocket suffered
an unspecified failure of its second stage. Russia's TASS news agency said the capsule
carrying the two men separated from the troubled rocket safely. This caused the capsule
to drop very sharply into the Earth's atmosphere. Parachutes (降落伞) helped slow the
returning capsule. Search and rescue teams were sent to recover the crew.
综合练习
综合练习
Russia's RIA news agency reported that Russia has immediately put off all
manned space launches after the failure. Roscosmos head Dmitry Rogozin said he
had ordered a state commission to carry out an investigation into what went wrong.
He said Russia will share all relevant information with the U.S.
The TASS news agency said that the ISS crew has enough supplies and that the
failed launch will not affect operations.
The U.S. and other nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the
ISS since the retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011. In coming years,
American aerospace companies SpaceX, with its Dragon 2, and Boeing, with its
Starliner, are expected to return to space.
综合练习
D
What can be the best title of the text?
A. The Rescue of Two Astronauts
B. The Launch of Russian Spacecraft
C. Cooperation between Russia and America
D. Emergency Landing in Failed Space Launch
5
第一段：A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station
Thursday had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed
to fire. It was the latest in a recent series of failures for the Russian space
program, which is also used by the U.S. to carry its astronauts to the
station.
综合练习
A
What caused the failure of the launch?
A. The problem of the engine.
B. The terrible weather.
C. The drop of the capsule.
D. The wrong operation.
6
第四段：About two minutes after launching, the three-stage Soyuz
booster rocket suffered an unspecified failure of its second stage. Russia's
TASS news agency said the capsule carrying the two men separated from
the troubled rocket safely. This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into
the Earth's atmosphere. Parachutes (降落伞) helped slow the returning
capsule. Search and rescue teams were sent to recover the crew.
综合练习
B
What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A. SpaceX is sure to go back to space soon.
B. America carried astronauts to the ISS by itself before 2011.
C. Now only Russia can carry astronauts to space.
D. The ISS crew lives a very good life in the space station.
7
The TASS news agency said that the ISS crew has enough supplies and that the
failed launch will not affect operations.
The U.S. and other nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the
ISS since the retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011. In coming years,
American aerospace companies SpaceX, with its Dragon 2, and Boeing, with its
Starliner, are expected to return to space.
综合练习
D
What can we learn about the launch?
A. The capsule landed safely in Dzhezkazgan, Russia.
B. Russia had never failed in the space launch before this failure.
C. The failed launch will have a serious effect on the operations.
D. At first the capsule dropped very rapidly into the Earth's atmosphere.
8
第四段：About two minutes after launching, the three-stage Soyuz booster
rocket suffered an unspecified failure of its second stage. Russia's TASS news
agency said the capsule carrying the two men separated from the troubled
rocket safely. This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into the Earth's
atmosphere. Parachutes (降落伞) helped slow the returning capsule. Search and
rescue teams were sent to recover the crew.
方法复习
词义猜测
一、考点解读
词义猜测题主要考查考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定
语言环境确切含义的能力。
二、命题分类
词义猜测题
熟词僻义
超纲词汇
词组句式
代词指代
A
As she was writing just for herself, something surprising began to happen. "The
characters took on a life of their own; they started doing things I hadn't thought
about. It just flew." One day, an agent called from Australia. Three weeks later, Moira
had a publication deal. Her novel, Cicada, was published in March.
精讲精练
词义猜测
What does the underlined word "flew" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. Succeeded.
B. Survived.
C. Broke.
D. Failed.
1
A
B
And Chinese people can take pride in the fact that the country has overtaken
Japan to be the second largest contributor to the UN regular budget. Since how much
a country pays to the regular budget of the United Nations is a standard on how
powerful the country is, at least financially. It is therefore natural that China's
contribution to the UN budget should rise from 2.05 percent in 2005 to 12.01 percent
this year. That hike is an indicator of what the country has achieved over the past 13
years. With the country's further development, there is no doubt that its financial
contribution to the UN will continue to rise. China will pay as it should.
精讲精练
词义猜测
What does the underlined word "hike" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Walk.
B. Rise.
C. Budget.
D. Contribution.
2
B
C
During the period of Middle Age, the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by
St. Thomas Aquinas in his work De Magistro. Perennialism holds that one should
teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere,
namely principles and reasoning, not just facts (which are apt to change over time),
and that one should teach first about people, not machines or techniques. It was
originally religious in nature, and it was only much later that a theory of worldly
Perennialism developed.
精讲精练
词义猜测
According to the passage, the underlined word "Perennialism" most probably
refers to something ____.
A. that is unnecessary
B. that is of ceaseless importance
C. that is abstract and theoretical
D. that exists no more
3
B
D
Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped
skins. Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, tiger pelts
are worth around $10,000 on the black market. Though the fur would be incentive
enough for most poachers, other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny.
Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have
healing properties. Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones,
amongst other parts, in some prescriptions.
精讲精练
词义猜测
The underlined word "incentive" in the third paragraph probably means ____.
A. attractive
B. innovative
C. alternative
D. respective
4
A
E
"Don't tell anyone". We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But
it can be hard to keep a secret. We're often tempted to "spill the beans", even if we
regret it later.
精讲精练
词义猜测
The underlined phrase "spill the beans" is closest in meaning to ____.
A. let out a secret
B. tell the truth
C. eat our words
D. take gossip
5
A
F
The Rapid Rise and Fall of Robot Babysitters
Broadly speaking, jobs of caring for robots fall under the umbrella of careers in
automation, which include maintenance, engineering and programming. The demand
for people with this skill set is considerable, with 20 million to 50 million new jobs to
be expected in this category by 2030, according to the Mckinsey Global Institute. In
the year that ended in June 2018, Indeed.com had almost three times the number of
positions on the recruitment committee that ended in June 2016.
精讲精练
词义猜测
What does "fall under the umbrella of" in Para. 2 mean?
A. Are in the category of.
B. Are under the protection of.
C. Are in relation of.
D. Are in the process of.
6
A
G
Garmezy 's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable
an individual's success despite of the challenges they faced. His research indicated that
some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological,
and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient
children had what psychologists call an "internal lens of control (内控点)". They
believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The
resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
精讲精练
词义猜测
What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The psychologists.
B. The resilient children.
C. Positive elements.
D. Internal locus of control.
7
B
A
Solar energy systems / power plants do not produce air pollution, water pollution,
or greenhouse gases. Using solar energy can have a positive, indirect effect on the
environment, when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources
that have larger effects on the environment.
However, some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the
photovoltaic (光电池的) cells that convert sunlight into electricity. Some solar
thermal (保热的) systems use potentially hazardous liquids to transfer heat. Leaks of
these materials could be harmful to the environment. U.S. environmental laws
regulate the use and settlement of these types of materials.
综合练习
As with any type of power plant, large solar power plants can affect the environment
near their locations. The placement of the power plant may have long-term effects on the
habitats of native plants and animals. Some solar power plants may require water for
cleaning solar collectors and concentrators or for cooling turbine generators. Using large
volumes of ground water or surface water in some dry locations may affect the
ecosystems that depend on these water resources. In addition, the beam of concentrated
sunlight a solar power tower creates can kill birds and insects that fly into the beam.
The amount of solar energy that the earth receives each day is many times greater
than the total amount of all energy that people consume each day. However, on the
surface of the earth, solar energy is a variable and irregular energy source. The amount of
sunlight and the intensity of sunlight varies by time of day and location. Weather and
climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight daily and on a seasonal basis. The type
and size of a solar energy collection and conversion system determines how much of the
available solar energy we can convert into useful energy.
综合练习
B
综合练习
Which of the following best explains "hazardous" underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. Inexpensive.
B. Dangerous.
C. Ineffective.
D. Abnormal.
1
第二段：However, some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the
photovoltaic (光电池的) cells that convert sunlight into electricity. Some solar
thermal (保热的) systems use potentially hazardous liquids to transfer heat. Leaks of
these materials could be harmful to the environment. U.S. environmental laws
regulate the use and settlement of these types of materials.
C
综合练习
What influence can large solar power plants have on the locations?
A. Polluting the ground water.
B. Protecting the habitats of plants and animals.
C. Damaging the local natural balance.
D. Attracting birds and insects to the area.
2
第三段：As with any type of power plant, large solar power plants can affect the
environment near their locations. The placement of the power plant may have long-
term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals. Some solar power plants
may require water for cleaning solar collectors and concentrators or for cooling
turbine generators. Using large volumes of ground water or surface water in some
dry locations may affect the ecosystems that depend on these water resources. In
addition, the beam of concentrated sunlight a solar power tower creates can kill
birds and insects that fly into the beam.
D
综合练习
What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A. Different areas receive different amount of solar energy.
B. How to convert solar energy into useful energy.
C. The relationship between solar energy collection and the sunlight.
D. Some factors that influence the amount of solar energy collection.
3
最后一段：The amount of solar energy that the earth receives each day is many
times greater than the total amount of all energy that people consume each day.
However, on the surface of the earth, solar energy is a variable and irregular energy
source. The amount of sunlight and the intensity of sunlight varies by time of day
and location. Weather and climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight daily
and on a seasonal basis. The type and size of a solar energy collection and
conversion system determines how much of the available solar energy we can
convert into useful energy.
B
综合练习
What does the author think of the solar energy systems?
A. They are totally environment-friendly.
B. They have both advantages and disadvantages.
C. They should be forbidden in the future.
D. They should be encouraged in quantities.
4
第一段：Solar energy systems / power plants do not produce air pollution, water
pollution, or greenhouse gases. Using solar energy can have a positive, indirect effect
on the environment, when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy
sources that have larger effects on the environment.
第二段：However, some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the
photovoltaic (光电池的) cells that convert sunlight into electricity. Some solar
thermal (保热的) systems use potentially hazardous liquids to transfer heat. Leaks of
these materials could be harmful to the environment. U.S. environmental laws
regulate the use and settlement of these types of materials.
B
When I was about 4 years old, I decided to go to Disney World. For most young
kids, it's a normal request, but I had cerebral palsy (脑瘫). Walking into anywhere, let
alone a crowded place like Disney World was, to put it lightly, a tall order. Luckily, I
had people in my corner to help me. Over the next three years, I worked with physical
doctors, acquired a walker, and practiced walking, standing, and balance — all skills
that I would need to turn my goal into a reality.
I remember the feeling when my legs would protest doing any more work.
Despite this, everyone else told me I could do it, so I kept it up. It was all because of
people like my parents, brothers, teachers, and doctors that I was able to grow so
much, both physically and mentally. Constantly pushing me to "walk on“ yet
encouraging me whenever I needed it.
综合练习
On June 9, 2008, as I stood in the tunnel leading into Main Street, my dad asked me if
I wanted any help. I instantly replied, "No!" and situated myself facing the end of the
tunnel, feet planted firmly, heart most likely beating out of my chest. Then I went, walking
ever so slowly at first, then gradually speeding up. Step, step, step, step, bump. Holding
fast onto the handlebars, I gathered up all my strength, picked up my walker and
straightened out, picking up my pace once again. It wasn't too long before the cheering
increased because I had made it to the end, where my mom was waiting with tears in her
eyes and arms open wide ready to hug her son and tell him how proud she was.
Looking back on that experience, I realize something pretty thoughtful. Every once in
a while, life will throw a few bumps in the road. Though it may set you back for a bit, don't
let it stop you. Pick yourself back up and finish. It's worth it. Besides, there just might be
someone there cheering you on along the way.
综合练习
D
综合练习
Which of the following best explains "a tall order" underlined in Paragraph 1?
A. An easy decision.
B. An available action.
C. A reasonable order.
D. A challenging task.
5
第一段：When I was about 4 years old, I decided to go to Disney World. For most
young kids, it's a normal request, but I had cerebral palsy (脑瘫). Walking into
anywhere, let alone a crowded place like Disney World was, to put it lightly, a tall
order. Luckily, I had people in my corner to help me. Over the next three years, I
worked with physical doctors, acquired a walker, and practiced walking, standing, and
balance — all skills that I would need to turn my goal into a reality.
B
综合练习
Why does the author say he's lucky?
A. He eventually has his brain disease well cured.
B. He constantly gets courage and support from others.
C. He is likely to do any kind of work in his later life.
D. He is naturally gifted in keeping balance on his own.
6
第一段：…Luckily, I had people in my corner to help me. Over the next three years, I
worked with physical doctors, acquired a walker, and practiced walking, standing, and
balance — all skills that I would need to turn my goal into a reality.
第二段：I remember the feeling when my legs would protest doing any more work.
Despite this, everyone else told me I could do it, so I kept it up. It was all because of
people like my parents, brothers, teachers, and doctors that I was able to grow so much,
both physically and mentally. Constantly pushing me to "walk on“ yet encouraging me
whenever I needed it.
C
综合练习
The author gives a vivid picture of himself in Paragraph 3 to ____.
A. explain he was terrified to take the first step
B. describe he took pride in his mother and friends
C. show how he managed to walk by himself
D. prove how he understood to respect others
7
On June 9, 2008, as I stood in the tunnel leading into Main Street, my dad asked me if
I wanted any help. I instantly replied, "No!" and situated myself facing the end of the
tunnel, feet planted firmly, heart most likely beating out of my chest. Then I went, walking
ever so slowly at first, then gradually speeding up. Step, step, step, step, bump. Holding
fast onto the handlebars, I gathered up all my strength, picked up my walker and
straightened out, picking up my pace once again. It wasn't too long before the cheering
increased because I had made it to the end, where my mom was waiting with tears in her
eyes and arms open wide ready to hug her son and tell him how proud she was.
A
综合练习
What can be the best title of the text?
A. Where Dreams Come True
B. When Bad Fortune Falls
C. How I Value Friendship
D. Why I Look Back My Life
8
阅读全文可知，本文主要讲述了当我大约四岁的时候，我决定去
迪士尼乐园。对于大多数小孩来说，这是一个正常的要求，但我
有脑瘫，别说像迪士尼世界这样拥挤的地方，就连走路都是一项
艰巨的任务。幸运的是，有人来帮助我，鼓励我，最终我的梦想
变成了现实。故选A。
Proof-reading
Part Two
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以
下作文。文中共10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个
单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
Yesterday, I was walked my dog in the evening when I saw the poor child who
was selling some key chains. He had five key chains and was asking for me to buy
one. I asked myself, "Is he selling this build a house?" My heart answered "No,
this is for his hungry tonight." I bought all the key chain and offered him milk and
biscuits. I gave her a smiley key chain back as a gift, but his smile was awesome. I
feel great satisfaction in my heart at that moment. I believe that life is
successfully if you win a smile from someone.
walking
a
to
hunger
chains
him
and
felt
successful
Grammar
Part Three
三大从句
语法讲解
划分主从句
主从完整
且有逻辑
并列句
状语从句
主句完整
定语从句
同位语从
句
主句不完
整
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
情态动词
语法讲解
二、表推测
对现在或将
来的推测
对现在进行
的推测
对过去的推
测
三、表虚拟
should /
ought to
could
might
needn't
一、基本用法
表能力
can/could
表许可
can/may
表请求
can/will
表责任
must/should
表必要
need
…
虚拟动词
语法讲解
条件句
虚拟
三种时间
错综
省略if
含蓄
名词性
从句虚
拟
坚持
命令
建议
要求
其它情
况虚拟
wish / if only
would rather /
prefer
主语从句
定语从句
as if/though
特殊句式
语法讲解
特殊
句式
倒装句
省略句
强调句
虚词
语法讲解
冠词
a; an; the
介词
on, in, for, etc.
连词
and, but, or, etc.
三大从句& 情态虚拟& 特殊句式& 虚词
Old Tom sent his sons to look at an apple tree in different seasons. The first son
went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the youngest in
autumn. When they all came back, he called them together to describe
___________________ they had seen.
Li Bai was a Chinese poet praised from his own day to the present as a romantic
figure _______ took traditional poetic forms to new heights.
Fortunately, there are already signs _______ April's fame is breathing new life
into the area.
I first started studying marine protected areas in the ocean during graduate
school. ________ I started working in Laos in Southeast Asia, I was excited to
discover that freshwater protected areas exist in the rivers there!
3
1
2
4
三大从句& 情态虚拟& 特殊句式& 虚词
Old Tom sent his sons to look at an apple tree in different seasons. The first son
went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the youngest in
autumn. When they all came back, he called them together to describe
___________________ they had seen.
Li Bai was a Chinese poet praised from his own day to the present as a romantic
figure _______ took traditional poetic forms to new heights.
Fortunately, there are already signs _______ April's fame is breathing new life
into the area.
I first started studying marine protected areas in the ocean during graduate
school. ________ I started working in Laos in Southeast Asia, I was excited to
discover that freshwater protected areas exist in the rivers there!
3
1
2
4
what/whatever
who
that
When
We can order food at home, which is super convenient. If I ______ (be) at
home in Cambodia, I would have to go outdoors.
Although it has been over twenty years so far, I still remember that Christmas
as if it were yesterday. It is one of those special days _______ will stay in my
heart forever. I still have the gift of pure love that my son and daughter gave
me that day, which I will try to share in my own life every day.
A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching ______ science of sleep to
psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Scullin is an assistant
professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition
Laboratory.
Sava is a robot. She is remote controlled ____ a person through a camera
inside the robot.
7
5
6
8
三大从句& 情态虚拟& 特殊句式& 虚词
We can order food at home, which is super convenient. If I ______ (be) at
home in Cambodia, I would have to go outdoors.
Although it has been over twenty years so far, I still remember that Christmas
as if it were yesterday. It is one of those special days _______ will stay in my
heart forever. I still have the gift of pure love that my son and daughter gave
me that day, which I will try to share in my own life every day.
A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching ______ science of sleep to
psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Scullin is an assistant
professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition
Laboratory.
Sava is a robot. She is remote controlled ____ a person through a camera
inside the robot.
7
5
6
8
were
that
the
by
三大从句& 情态虚拟& 特殊句式& 虚词
短文改错专项
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以
下作文。文中共10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个
单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
短文改错专项
Yesterday, I was walked my dog in the evening when I saw the poor child who
was selling some key chains. He had five key chains and was asking for me to buy
one. I asked myself, "Is he selling this build a house?" My heart answered "No,
this is for his hungry tonight." I bought all the key chain and offered him milk and
biscuits. I gave her a smiley key chain back as a gift, but his smile was awesome. I
feel great satisfaction in my heart at that moment. I believe that life is
successfully if you win a smile from someone.
短文改错专项
Yesterday, I was walked my dog in the evening when I saw the poor child who
was selling some key chains. He had five key chains and was asking for me to buy
one. I asked myself, "Is he selling this build a house?" My heart answered "No,
this is for his hungry tonight." I bought all the key chain and offered him milk and
biscuits. I gave her a smiley key chain back as a gift, but his smile was awesome. I
feel great satisfaction in my heart at that moment. I believe that life is
successfully if you win a smile from someone.
walking
a
to
hunger
chains
him
and
felt
successful
时间状从坑不少，正在那时when最好
看到才就找before，since爱把现完考
一…就…形式多，倒装结构别忘了
time短语不带介，带好口诀把题秒~
条件状从很痛苦，if, unless正互补
as long as表只要，in case万一来相辅
on condition加句子，一旦once最靠谱
让步状从不可怕，遇到就把but下
开头奇怪填as，对比就把while挂
no matter可以表无论，even if/though别忘啦！
原因状从
① because
② as
③ since
④ for
⑤ now that / seeing that
① so that
② in order that
③ in case
④ for fear that
目的状从
结果状从
① so that
② so…that…
③ such…that…
方式状从 ① as
② as if, as though
比较状从
① as…as…
② the more… the more…
③ more and more
地点状从
① where
② wherever
③ anywhere
by小米粒周嘉乐
一、情态动词的基本用法
1.表推测：must, should, ought, may, might, can,
could, may not, can’t
2.表能力：can, could
3.表许可：can, could, may, might
4.表义务与责任：must, have to, should, ought to
5.表意愿、意见和建议：shall, will, would
情态动词考点总结
二、情态动词表推测
三、情态动词+have done
四、情态动词表示特殊语气
五、情态动词的习惯表达法
四、情态动词表示特殊语气
用法
例句
can
惊讶、怀疑 (否定、
疑问、感叹句)
How can you be so careless!
must
偏要、非要
If you must smoke, at least
find the smoking section.
shall
允诺、命令、警告
(二、三人称)
You shall fail it if you don’t
work harder.
should 惊讶、感叹、惋惜、
不满
How should I know?
(我咋会知道？)
may
祝愿（祈使句）
May you succeed.
五、情态动词的习惯表达法
1.
cannot… enough/too 越…越好，无论…也不过分
例: You can’t remember enough English words.
2. cannot but do sth. 只好，不得不
例: I can not say a word but leave.
3. may well do sth. 很可能=be likely to do sth.
例: He has changed so much that you may well not recognize
him.
4. may as well do sth. 最好=had better do sth.
例: You may as well stay here over the night.
5. (1) used to/would/be used to
used to do 过去常常做某事（现在不这样了）
would 过去习惯性的或重复性的动作
例: People used to believe that the sun moves round the earth.
He would sit in the yard listening to the radio every evening.
(2) be used to doing 开始习惯做某事
例: Have you got used to living on your own?
(3) be used to do 被用来做某事
例: Stone can be used to build bridges and houses.
学 而 思 网 校
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用
① 错综时间条件句 ② if省略句
③ 含蓄条件句 ④半虚拟
二、wish, as if/though和if only
三、should类虚拟语气
四、情态动词+have done
五、虚拟语气固定句型
六、虚拟语气解题常用技巧
If从句
主句
对现在的虚拟
did/were
would/should/could/might do
对过去的虚拟 had done
would/should/could/might
have done
对将来的虚拟
did
would/should/could/might do
should do
were to do
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用
主过将从过 主过将完从过完
错综时间条件句
当虚拟条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，
动词的形式要根据它表示的时间做出相应的调整。
从过主现：If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
从现主过：If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the flight last night.
从将主现：If we shouldn’t go to school tomorrow, we would go swimming now.
从现主将：If I were him, I wouldn’t go to the party tomorrow.
斐斐口诀：碰到时间，一分为二
含蓄条件虚拟
有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件句表现出来，而是通过with,
without, but for, otherwise, or等介词、副词暗含在句中。
① Without air, we wouldn’t be able to survive.
② But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the task on time.
③ He was on a business trip last week. Otherwise, he might have helped us.
斐斐口诀：碰到含蓄，过将完（过将）
省略if的虚拟句
在虚拟条件句的if从句中如果有were，had或should，则可以省略if, 把
were，had，should提到句首，变成倒装句式。
Had the driver been
① If the driver had been more careful, the accident wouldn’t have happened.
Were I you
② If I were you, I would practice English every day.
Should it snow
③ If it should snow tomorrow, we would not go to school.
斐斐口诀：写成if，再省略；去掉if，变倒装
半虚拟
例: I might have given you more help (if I had time), but I was too busy.
斐斐口诀：碰到but，半真半假
斐式大招解虚拟
错综时间条件句：遇到时间，一分为二
含蓄条件句：遇到含蓄，过将完（如有现在/将来：过将）
省略if的虚拟句：变回if，再省略
半虚拟：碰到but，半真半假
wish, as if/though和if only
同时：did
早于：had done
晚于：would do
I wish I were a bird./If only I were a bird.（同时）
I wish I had seen the film./If only I had seen the film.（早于）
I wish you would do that again./
If only you would do that again.（晚于）
should类虚拟语气
I drop caps
insist 坚持：虚拟语气
坚持说：不用虚拟语气
I insist that you shouldn’t smoke here.
He insisted that he had never stolen the money.
suggest 建议：虚拟语气
暗示，表明：不用虚拟语气
I suggest that we (should) go to the party together.
The smile on her face suggested that she was
satisfied with my work.
② It is adj. that从句(should do)
重要的：necessary, essential, important,
significant, vital, crucial, urgent等
可取的：desirable, preferable, proper, natural
可能的：possible, probable
例: It is essential that we should check ourselves everyday.
③ 特殊句型表示“惊讶”语气
It is strange that she should fall in love with such
a boy.
It is a pity that you shouldn’t know him.
It is surprising that you shouldn’t pass the exam.
could/might have done 本来能做却没做
should/ought to have done
本该做而实际上没做(抱怨和责备)
should not/ought not to have done 本不该做而做了
needn’t have done 本不必做而做了
四、情态动词+have done
1. Would you mind + 主语 + 谓语虚拟?
您是否介意…?
2. would rather (that) 主语 + 谓语虚拟 宁愿…
3. It is high time that sb. did/(should) do sth.
到某人做某事的时间
五、虚拟语气固定句型
Cloze
Part Three
by小米粒飘渺
学 而 思 网 校
I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was
one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and
a direct way of speaking， 36 she was encouraging and inspiring. For some
reason， she was impressed with my work and me．
Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought we
should 38 things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew 39
about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her 40 .
完形填空
36. A．and
B．yet
C．so
D．for
37. A．opinion
B．impression
C．information
D．intention
38. A．make
B．keep
C．handle
D．change
39. A．anything
B．something
C．everything
D．nothing
40. A．questions
B．comments
C．explanations
D．remarks
学 而 思 网 校
It was cause and effect： She believed I had opinions, so I began to 41 them.
She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how
42 I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I
began to believe in myself.
Mrs. Neidl's 43 that year was, "Try it．We can always paint over it 44 !" I
began to take 45 .
41. A．hold
B．follow
C．evaluate
D．form
42.A．happy
B．lively
C．reliable
D．punctual
43.A．message
B．motto
C．saying
D．suggestion
44. A．again
B．more
C．instead
D．later
45. A．steps
B．control
C．charge
D．risks
学 而 思 网 校
I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing — only things to be
46 upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and 47 create something．
The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year． I was 48 in the program as
"Student Art Assistant" because of the time and effort I'd put in． It was that year
that I 49 I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design．
Being on that stage-design team 50 Mrs. Neidl changed me completely．
46. A．improved
B．acted
C．looked
D．reflected
47. A．easily
B．carefully
C．confidently
D．proudly
48. A．introduced B．recognized
C．identified
D．considered
49. A．confirmed
B．decided
C．realized
D．acknowledged
50. A．with
B．below
C．of
D．by
学 而 思 网 校
Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also 51 a
strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed. She taught me not to 52
what people think I should do． She taught me to take chances and not be 53 .
Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her 54 in me has inspired me
to do things that I never imagined 55 .
51. A．developed B．discovered
C．took
D．fostered
52. A．accept
B．care
C．judge
D．wonder
53. A．bored
B．lazy
C．sad
D．afraid
54. A．trust
B．patience
C．curiosity
D．interest
55. A．accessible B．enjoyable
C．possible
D．favorable
Summary
Part Three
课堂总结
阅读理解
• 主旨大意
• 词义猜测
短文改错
• 巩固练习
课次
写作
听力
完形
1
中国文化
购物&餐饮
复现
2
校园活动
出行&日常
逻辑顺序&情感
3
社会实践
工作&校园
搭配&语法文化
&常识
课次
专题巩固
专项提升
4
阅读理解1（细节+推断）
语法填空
5
阅读理解2（主旨+猜词）
短文改错
6
七选五
任务型阅读
7
阅读综合
高频词及长难句详解
8
完形填空1
记叙文
9
完形填空2
夹叙夹议
10
语法题型
语法填空&短文改错&单项选择
11
写作1
提纲类1/图画类模板
12
写作2
提纲类2/概要类/议论类模板
13
高考题型综合巩固1
14
高考题型综合巩固2
Part One
【斐斐种草时间】
经济学人福利链接：
经济学人2012-2016年期刊
链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c2Nbtwk 密码：wpd6
经济学人2017年12月期刊
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1i6kbQPB 密码：tfc8
经济学人2018年期刊：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1i_YCVU_8iyRVCWcalj5jqg
密码：l4sx
经济学人2018年11-12月期刊
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1rhwsNnIbJgPqwG3sWoShUw
密码：zw7a
【土豪斐鸡汤时间】选A
I may not be perfect, but I’m always me. Be yourself, don't
change for anyone. If they don't like me at my worst, then
they don't deserve me at my best.
我也许不完美，但我一直在做自己。如果他们不能接受最
差的我，也就不配拥有最好的我。
