Lecture
Lecture 7
7
2020【春】高三目标985班
Part One
Reading
Part Two
Words & Sentences
Part Three Rational Cloze
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Reading
Part One
方法复习
说
明
文
体裁
对事物或事理进行客观说明，通过解说事物
或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的。
结构
往往采用总分、递进等方式，按一定的顺序
（如时间、空间、从现象到本质）进行说明。
特点
客观、简练、语言准确、明了，文章很少表
达作者的感情倾向。
考情
最近五年变化不大，选材通常是各学科的前
沿问题、高科技领域的科研成果、人们比较
关心的社会问题、人文方面的经典。
方法复习
确定体裁
• 精读文章第一小节，确定文章体裁，搜寻科普说明文的
说明对象或科学发现。
标注关键
• 标注阐释说明对象或科学发现不同层面的关键句，掌握
篇章结构。
精读首尾
• 精读开头、结尾，把握科普说明文的内在逻辑关系。
定位验证
• 精读题干，准确定位，仔细阅读信息源，与选项之间进
行验证性比较。
精讲精练
说明文
A
【1】Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense
when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce
litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is
even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the
plastic shopping bags.
【2】Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So
many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do
not allow them at checkouts (收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in
California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are
hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the
planet as most people assume.
精讲精练
【3】Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow
shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more
energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,
they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
【4】The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its
replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its
life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable
bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must
be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
【5】Environmentalists don't dispute (质疑) these points. They hope paper
bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable
bags for years.
说明文
精讲精练
1. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
D
说明文
【1】Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes
sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how
to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down
the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending
an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
【2】… Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists
like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as
most people assume.
精讲精练
2. What does the word "headwinds" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
A
说明文
【2】Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So
many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities
do not allow them at checkouts (收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90
cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag
makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not
as bad for the planet as most people assume.
精讲精练
3. What is the disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
D
说明文
【4】The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its
replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer
its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting
reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton
bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
精讲精练
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
A
说明文
【5】Environmentalists don't dispute (质疑) these points. They hope paper
bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same
reusable bags for years.
词汇积累
1. consider
/kənˈsɪdər/ v. 细想；认为
We're considering buying a new house.
The award is considered (as) a great honor.
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense
when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to
reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down
the road.
拓展
consideration n. 考虑
说明文
词汇积累
2. defend /dɪˈfend/ v. 防御，防卫；辩解；为……辩护
She has employed one of the country's top lawyers to defend him.
It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack.
His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental
scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage
trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of
Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
拓展
defense
n. 防护，防卫；防御措施
defensive
adj. 防御的；戒备的
offend
v. 冒犯；得罪
说明文
词汇积累
3. prohibit /prəˈhɪbɪt/ v. 禁止；阻止, 使不可能
Fishing is prohibited.
No one can prohibit you from doing so.
拓展
forbid
v. 禁止；不准
prevent
v. 阻止；阻碍
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So
many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities
do not allow them at checkouts (收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90
cities in California, including Los Angeles.
说明文
词汇积累
4. assume /əˈsuːm/ v. 假设；承担(责任)，取得(权力)
Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.
The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los
Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like
Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most
people assume.
拓展
assumption
n. 假定；假设；承担
说明文
词汇积累
5. aim
/eɪm/ n. 目标；目的 v. 力求争取；旨在
We're aiming at training everybody by the end of the year.
Bob's one aim in life is to earn a lot of money.
拓展
purpose
n. 意图；目的；目标
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its
replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its
life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable
bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must
be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
说明文
长难句分析
1. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an
industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
说明文
主语从句
表语从句
表语从句
介词短语作状语
更有趣的是，Stein的工作之一是为塑料购物袋背后的一个行业辩护。
长难句分析
2. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to
make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people
assume.
说明文
考虑到这些不利因素，塑料袋制造商正在聘请像Stein这样的科学家来证
明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。
现在分词作状语
举例
目的状语
同位语从句 同级比较
精讲精练
B Life in the Clear
【1】Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light
passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the
ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet — as far as most light can reach. Most of them
are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a
scientist in biology, says, "These animals live through their life alone. They never
touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless something is eating them."
【2】And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through?
It's trickier than you might think.
【3】The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light
typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light,
bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its
tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other
objects around it, so you can see it easily.
【4】But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very
much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a
transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water. You
don't see it — you see the things behind it.
说明文
精讲精练
【5】To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or
scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素)
that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments,
so its tissues won't absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually
easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
【6】Animals are built of many different materials — skin, fat, and more — and
light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material
with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to
fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much
tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear mass of
non-living jelly-like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.
【7】Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have
to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as
water does. They need to look uniform. But how they're doing it is still unknown. One
thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When
they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.
说明文
精讲精练
5. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals ____ .
A. stay in groups
B. can be easily damaged
C. appear only in deep ocean
D. are beautiful creatures
B
说明文
【1】Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light
passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the
ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet — as far as most light can reach. Most of
them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke
Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, "These animals live through their life alone.
They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless something is eating
them."
精讲精练
6. The underlined word dead in Paragraph 3 means ____ .
A. silently
B. gradually
C. regularly
D. completely
D
说明文
【3】The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light
typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射)
light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it
dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different
from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.
精讲精练
7. One way for an animal to become transparent is to ____ .
A. change the direction of light travel
B. gather materials to scatter light
C. avoid the absorption of light
D. grow bigger to stop light
C
说明文
【5】To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing
or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments
(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn't have
pigments, so its tissues won't absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding
absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
精讲精练
8. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals ____ .
A. move more slowly in deep water
B. stay see-through even after death
C. produce more tissues for their survival
D. take effective action to reduce light spreading
D
说明文
【7】Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to
make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as
water does. They need to look uniform. But how they're doing it is still unknown.
One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process.
When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.
词汇积累
1. delicate /ˈdelɪkət/
adj. 易损的，脆弱的；虚弱的；
精致的，精密的
a delicate constitution
the delicate ecological balance of the rainforest
Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple
touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, "These animals live through
their life alone. They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless
something is eating them."
拓展
dedicate
v. 把……奉献给
说明文
词汇积累
And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through?
It's trickier than you might think.
说明文
2. tricky
/ˈtrɪki/ adj. 难办的，难对付的；狡猾的
a tricky situation
Getting it to fit exactly is a tricky business .
拓展
trick
n. 诡计，骗局；把戏；技巧，窍门 v. 欺骗；欺诈
词汇积累
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light
typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light,
bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its
tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other
objects around it, so you can see it easily.
3. bounce /baʊns/ n. 弹跳；弹性
v. 弹跳；跳动；点拨前行；退回
She bounced the ball against the wall.
The car bounced down the hill.
拓展
jump
v. 跳跃；跳动；突然移动；激增
说明文
词汇积累
4. absorb /əbˈzɔːrb/ v. 吸收；使全神贯注；使并入
Plants absorb oxygen.
This work had absorbed him for several years.
But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very much.
Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent
object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don't see
it — you see the things behind it.
拓展
be absorbed in...
全神贯注于
说明文
词汇积累
5. object /ɑːbdʒekt/
n. 物体，对象；宗旨
v. 不同意；反对
Her sole object in life is to become a travel writer.
I really object to being charged for parking.
拓展
objective
adj. 客观的；基于事实的
n. 目标；（望远镜或显微镜的）物镜
objection
n. _________
说明文
But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very
much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a
transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water.
You don't see it — you see the things behind it.
词汇积累
5. object /ɑːbdʒekt/
n. 物体，对象；宗旨
v. 不同意；反对
Her sole object in life is to become a travel writer.
I really object to being charged for parking.
拓展
objective
adj. 客观的；基于事实的
n. 目标；（望远镜或显微镜的）物镜
objection
n. 反对；异议
说明文
But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very
much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a
transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water.
You don't see it — you see the things behind it.
长难句分析
1. Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light
passes through a window.
说明文
透明的动物让光通过他们的身体就像光通过窗户一样。
长难句分析
2. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue
to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear mass
of non-living jelly-like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.
说明文
有些动物非常小或非常扁平。没有太多的组织来散射光，它们就更容易
被看穿。另一些动物则制造出一大块无生命的果冻状物质，并在上面散
开。
精讲精练
C
【1】No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is
complex. By changing the order of the words and by adding a range of auxiliary
verbs (助动词) and suffixes (后缀), we can turn a statement into a question, state
whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many
other word tricks to convey different meanings. However, the question which
many language experts can't understand and explain is — who created grammar?
【2】Some recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. Since the
slaves didn't know each other's language, they developed a make-shift language
called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the
landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too
many words to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes
for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed
to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children didn't simply
copy the strings of words used by their elders. They adapted their words to create
an expressive language. In this way complex grammar systems which come from
pidgins were invented.
说明文
精讲精练
【3】Further evidence can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign
languages are not simply a group of gestures; they use the same grammatical
machinery that is found in spoken languages. The creation of one such language was
documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, although deaf children were
taught speech and lip reading in the classrooms, in the playgrounds they began to
invent their own sign system, using the gestures they used at home. It was basically a
pidgin and there was no consistent grammar. However, a new system was born when
children who joined the school later developed a quite different sign language. It was
based on the signs of the older children, but it was shorter and easier to understand,
and it had a large range of special use of grammar to clarify the meaning. What's
more, they all used the signs in the same way. So the original pidgin was greatly
improved.
【4】Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first. They
were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually
evolved into a widely accepted system. The English past tense — "ed" ending — may
have evolved from the verb "do". "It ended" may once have been "It end﹣did". It
seems that children have grammatical machinery in their brains. Their minds can
serve to create logical and complex structures, even when there is no grammar
present for them to copy.
说明文
精讲精练
9. What can be inferred about the slaves' pidgin language?
A. It was difficult to understand.
B. It came from different languages.
C. It was created by the landowners.
D. It contained highly complex grammar.
A
说明文
【2】Some recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. Since the
slaves didn't know each other's language, they developed a make-shift language
called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the
landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too
many words to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes
for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be
exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children
didn't simply copy the strings of words used by their elders. They adapted their
words to create an expressive language. In this way complex grammar systems
which come from pidgins were invented.
精讲精练
10. What is the characteristic of the new Nicaraguan sign language?
A. No consistent signs were used for communication.
B. Most of the gestures were made for everyday activities.
C. The hand movements were smoother and more attractive.
D. The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language.
D
说明文
【3】Further evidence can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign
languages are not simply a group of gestures; they use the same grammatical
machinery that is found in spoken languages. The creation of one such language
was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, although deaf children
were taught speech and lip reading in the classrooms, in the playgrounds they
began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures they used at home. It
was basically a pidgin and there was no consistent grammar. However, a new
system was born when children who joined the school later developed a quite
different sign language. It was based on the signs of the older children, but it was
shorter and easier to understand, and it had a large range of special use of
grammar to clarify the meaning. What's more, they all used the signs in the same
way. So the original pidgin was greatly improved.
精讲精练
11. Which idea does the author present in the last paragraph?
A. English grammar of past tense system is inaccurate.
B. Children say English past tense differently from adults.
C. The thought that English was once a pidgin is acceptable.
D. Experts have proven that English was created by children.
C
说明文
【4】Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first.
They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization
and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system. The English past tense —
"ed" ending — may have evolved from the verb "do". "It ended" may once
have been "It end﹣did". It seems that children have grammatical machinery in
their brains. Their minds can serve to create logical and complex structures,
even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
精讲精练
12. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Creators of Grammar
B. The History of Languages
C. Why Pidgins Came into Being
D. How Grammar Systems Are Used
A
说明文
【4】Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first.
They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization
and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system. The English past tense —
"ed" ending — may have evolved from the verb "do". "It ended" may once
have been "It end﹣did". It seems that children have grammatical machinery in
their brains. Their minds can serve to create logical and complex structures,
even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
词汇积累
1. expert /ˈekspɜːrt/ n. 专家；行家 adj. 熟练的；内行的
He's an expert at getting his own way.
We need some expert help.
By changing the order of the words and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs (助
动词) and suffixes (后缀), we can turn a statement into a question, state
whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many
other word tricks to convey different meanings. However, the question which
many language experts can't understand and explain is — who created grammar?
拓展
specialize
v. 专攻；专门从事
specialist
n. 专家
说明文
词汇积累
Popular music evolved from folk songs.
The three species evolved from a single ancestor.
Some recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. Since the slaves
didn't know each other's language, they developed a make-shift language called a
pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners.
拓展
evolution
n. 进化；演变
involve
v. 包含；牵涉；(使)参加，加入
说明文
2. evolve /iˈvɑːlv/ v. 逐渐形成，逐步发展；进化
词汇积累
说明文
3. expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/ v. 暴露，显露；揭穿；使面临
His job as a journalist is to expose the truth.
The kids ought to be exposed to as much culture and art as possible.
拓展
exposure
n. 面临；遭受(危险)；揭露
Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for
a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother
tongue. Slave children didn't simply copy the strings of words used by their elders.
They adapted their words to create an expressive language.
词汇积累
4. consistent /kənˈsɪstənt/ adj. 一致的；始终如一的；连续的
a consistent approach to the problem
The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
拓展
consist
v. 由…组成；在于
constant
adj. 连续不断的；不变的
说明文
Previously, although deaf children were taught speech and lip reading in the
classrooms, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system,
using the gestures they used at home. It was basically a pidgin and there was
no consistent grammar.
词汇积累
5. serve
/sɜːrv/ v. 提供；服务；对……有用；供应；担任
The guests were served with a wonderful meal.
He served the family faithfully for many years.
拓展
service
n. 服务，接待；维护；公共事业
说明文
"It ended" may once have been "It end﹣did". It seems that children have
grammatical machinery in their brains. Their minds can serve to create logical
and complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to
copy.
长难句分析
1. Interestingly, however, all (it takes for a pidgin to become a complex
language) is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time (when
they learn their mother tongue).
然而，有趣的是，要成为一种复杂的语言，混杂语式只需要一群孩子在
学习母语时接触这种语言。
说明文
形式/真正主语
状语
定语从句
(定语从句)
长难句分析
2. Previously, although deaf children were taught speech and lip reading in the
classrooms, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system,
using the gestures they used at home.
此前，尽管聋哑儿童在教室里接受语言和唇读教学，但在操场上，他们
开始发明自己的手语体系，使用他们在家里使用的手势。
说明文
让步状语从句
地点状语
现在分词作状语
定语从句
【1】Living closer to open fields and trees reduces your risk of being obese (肥胖),
research suggests and the benefits can be seen even in poor neighborhoods where risks
of both obesity and poor mental health are known to be much higher. The new study,
supported by Friends of the Earth Europe (FoE), also showed that the great outdoors
had benefits for pregnant women. Those living close to trees and open fields,
considered a "natural healers" by the researchers at the Institute for European
environmental policy, gave birth to children of much healthier sizes.
【2】It is believed that the increased opportunity to be active and breathing in less
air pollution may explain the reduced death rates and obesity prevention. After
reviewing hundreds of previous studies, scientists say it can even reduce the chance of
an early death by 16 per cent compared to those living in an "urban jungle". The green
spaces also reduced depression (抑郁) by allowing for people to meet others more
easily and get away from busy and noisy activities of a city, experts state.
实战演练
【3】Robbie Blake, a campaigner for FoE, told The Guardian: "The evidence is
strong and growing that people and communities can be energetic and lively when
they have access to nature."
【4】"We all need nature in our lives and it gives us freedom and helps us live
healthily; yet poor communities are routinely cut off from nature in their
surroundings and it is holding back their well-being."
【5】The findings back up much evidence that shows setting up a home in a
heavily-polluted city can be damaging to someone's health. After studying the well-
being of nearly 110,000 women, they found living in cities also increased the risk of
cancer and respiratory (呼吸) illnesses. Those in the greenest areas had a 34 per cent
lower rate of respiratory disease-related deaths and a 13 per cent lower rate of cancer
deaths.
实战演练
实战演练
1. What can we know about obesity from Paragraph 1?
A. The outdoors can prevent obesity.
B. Obesity can cause mental trouble.
C. Urban mothers can have obese babies.
D. Pregnant women can get obese easily.
A
【1】Living closer to open fields and trees reduces your risk of being obese (肥
胖), research suggests and the benefits can be seen even in poor neighborhoods
where risks of both obesity and poor mental health are known to be much higher.
The new study, supported by Friends of the Earth Europe (FoE), also showed that
the great outdoors had benefits for pregnant women. Those living close to trees
and open fields, considered a "natural healers" by the researchers at the Institute
for European environmental policy, gave birth to children of much healthier sizes.
实战演练
2. What is the social benefit of living in the countryside?
A. Having more freedom to rest.
B. Meeting other people more conveniently.
C. Breathing healthier air.
D. Keeping more wealth and happiness.
B
【2】It is believed that the increased opportunity to be active and breathing in
less air pollution may explain the reduced death rates and obesity prevention.
After reviewing hundreds of previous studies, scientists say it can even reduce the
chance of an early death by 16 per cent compared to those living in an "urban
jungle". The green spaces also reduced depression (抑郁) by allowing for people
to meet others more easily and get away from busy and noisy activities of a city,
experts state.
实战演练
3. What does the underlined word "We" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Pregnant women.
B. Patients with respiratory illnesses.
C. Ordinary people.
D. People living in poor communities.
C
【3】Robbie Blake, a campaigner for FoE, told The Guardian: "The evidence is
strong and growing that people and communities can be energetic and lively
when they have access to nature."
【4】"We all need nature in our lives and it gives us freedom and helps us live
healthily; yet poor communities are routinely cut off from nature in their
surroundings and it is holding back their well-being."
实战演练
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. Ways of living in the countryside.
B. Living in healthy neighborhoods.
C. Countryside, the greenest area.
D. Access to nature.
D
【1】Living closer to open fields and trees reduces your risk of being obese (肥
胖), research suggests and the benefits can be seen even in poor neighborhoods
where risks of both obesity and poor mental health are known to be much higher.
The new study, supported by Friends of the Earth Europe (FoE), also showed that
the great outdoors had benefits for pregnant women. Those living close to trees
and open fields, considered a "natural healers" by the researchers at the Institute
for European environmental policy, gave birth to children of much healthier sizes.
Sentences
Part Two
- 高中必备语法点 -
名词性从句在
高考中的体现
学 而 思 网 校
- 名词性从句 -
阅读部分
学 而 思 网 校
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been
an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source (来源) of
inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at
A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the
biggest fashion (时尚)shows.
全国三卷
中国已经成为了设计
师们的灵感来源，这
已经不是什么秘密了。
为避免头重脚轻，我们经常会用it作形式主语，
而真正的主语是that引导的从句。
主语从句
That China has always been a source of
inspiration for designers is no secret.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player
when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so
are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no
longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market…
全国三卷
What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player
when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so
are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no
longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market…
全国三卷
在谈论时尚时不将中国
视为领头者是不可能的。
主语从句
Not to talk about China as the leading player
when discussing fashion is impossible.
What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
D
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that
the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half
the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation,
not just memorizing the value of each combination.
全国三卷
What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A. They could perform basic addition.
B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily.
D. They could hold their attention for long.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that
the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half
the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation,
not just memorizing the value of each combination.
全国三卷
注意到的
内容是：
半数以上
的情况下
猴子都选
择了更高
的分数
这表明：猴子会做
计算，而不仅仅是
记住组合的数值
阅读理解中的宾语从句经常用来说明实验或调查的结果。
此时，that不翻译，弄清从句的的含义是关键。
宾语从句
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that
the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half
the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation,
not just memorizing the value of each combination.
全国三卷
What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A. They could perform basic addition.
B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily.
D. They could hold their attention for long.
A
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers
type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data
collected from the device could be used to recognize different
participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
全国一卷
What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers
type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data
collected from the device could be used to recognize different
participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
全国一卷
（从设备中收集到的）数据
可以基于参与者打字的不同
方式区分他们。
宾语从句
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers
type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data
collected from the device could be used to recognize different
participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
全国一卷
What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
C
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ________ (declare)
she had no plans ________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
全国二卷
语法填空中的宾语从句经常省略that。认清宾从会帮助
大家找准时态，选择正确的动词形式填空。
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared (that)
she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
宾语从句
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually
wasn’t the only one. Right after Erin took possession of my wallet on the
bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum（论
坛）, trying to see _____ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my
doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s
nursery and who recognized my face.
A. if
B. where
C. how D. when
天津卷
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually
wasn’t the only one. Right after Erin took possession of my wallet on the
bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum（论
坛）, trying to see _____ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my
doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s
nursery and who recognized my face.
A. if
B. where
C. how D. when
天津卷
由于完形填空给出了选项，所以一般不会涉及宾语从句
时态的考察，而侧重考察语义理解和连接词选择。
宾语从句
if
In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen
that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're
hearing is actually real.
That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处
理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available
for anyone to use.
北京卷
that’s because用来解释原因，
that’s why用来说明结果。
表语从句
这是因为有很多功能强大的自动处
理语音的技术很快会大范围应用。
解释
原因
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal
teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't
driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help
others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles.
With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could not be the
limit for Alice Moore.
北京卷
表语从句
有才华，有决心，看来Alice Moore
的前途没有极限。
系动词
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported (report)
increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a
________ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have
responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating
(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that
populations are ________ (high) than they actually are.
全国一卷
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ____________ (report)
increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a
________ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have
responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be
congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the
illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they
actually are.
全国一卷
同位语从句用来解释说明从句前的名词。
翻译为：××是（人们相信的内容是…/错觉是…）
很多人相
信：北极
熊的数量
在增加了。
专家回应，北极熊经常在人类
的住所附近聚集，使人们产生
了错觉：北极熊的数量增多了。
同位语从句
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported (report)
increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a
________ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have
responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating
(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that
populations are ________ (high) than they actually are.
全国一卷
belief
higher
- 名词性从句 -
写作部分
学 而 思 网 校
知悉
• Learning that …
• I’m pleased to know that …
• I’m more than happy to hear that …
• Word came that …
I just learned about your plan.
I’m glad to hear your plan.
普通：
进阶：
Learning that you're leaving for the United States soon, I'm eagerly
writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help.
浙江卷
假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即
将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示感谢；
2.回顾Alex对你的帮助；
3.临别祝愿。
Word came that you're leaving China, I would like to extend/convey
my sincerest gratitude to you for what you’ve done for me.
建议
I suggest doing …
I advise/recommend you to do …
• It’s suggested/ recommended that …
• I suggest/advise that you (should) …
• My suggestion/advice is that …
普通：
进阶：
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I strongly suggest that
you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China.
北京卷
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的朋友Jim提到
他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。请
给他回邮件，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；2.推荐他上哪所大学；
3.建议他做哪些准备工作。
引发讨论
We had a discussion about …, but haven’t made up
our mind.
We seriously discussed about …
• People are discussing whether/ what/ how …
• A debate over whether… or not has been going
on for a long time.
普通：
进阶：
Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear on the welcoming
ceremony next month. Li recommends the traditional Chinese dress
while Su prefers the school uniform.
江苏卷
1.用约30个词概括上述信息（一段关于欢迎仪式上
穿传统服装还是校服的讨论）的主要内容；
2.在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装？请
说明理由（不少于两点）。
When I wanted to park my bike I found it hard for students to enter
the parking place as there were not enough entrances. Therefore, I,
together with my fellow students, discussed how to deal with the
problem.
北京卷
假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，请根
据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊“英语园地”写
一篇短文，记述你和同学们向学校提建议，解决自
行车存放问题的过程。
个人观点
I think/believe that…
• I personally tend to believe that…
• I’m fully convinced that …
• I firmly hold the opinion/belief that …
• It can’t be denied that …
普通：
进阶：
I’m convinced (that) this lecture will enrich our knowledge about
western classical music and develop our interest in western art. Last
but not least, I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into
consideration and wish you a wonderful trip to our school.
天津卷
假设你是晨光中学的李津，英国友好校将派教师来
你校参加为期一周的暑期交流活动。活动期间，英
方教师Chris将做一个有关西方艺术的讲座。现就讲
座内容征求你校学生的意见。请根据提示给Chris写
一封电子邮件。
Last but not least, through my introduction and efforts, I firmly hold
the belief that I can strengthen the friendship between China and
England.
全国一卷
假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆
要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内
容包括：
1. 写信目的；2. 个人优势；3. 能做的事情。
On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While working, I came to
realize how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.
北京卷
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织
了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。
请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，
记述整个过程。
学 而 思 网 校
Summary
主语从句
• 定义
• 连接词
• it做形式主语
同位语从句
• 定义
• 连接词
• 同从VS定从
名词性从句解题技巧
Rational Cloze
Part Three
学 而 思 网 校
Owing to her central role in the success of the Chinese women's volleyball team in
the 1980s, Lang Ping is seen as a cultural icon and is one of the most 1 (respect)
people in modern Chinese sports history.
She became the coach of the US National Team in 2005. Lang guided the team to
the 2008 Olympics, 2 the US team 3 (face) with Chinese team in her home
country. The US team defeated China 3-2. The match drew 250 million television 4 .
(view) in China alone. The team went on 5 (win) the silver medal, losing to Brazil in
the finals 3-1. Lang allowed 6 contract (合同) to run out later that year, saying
7 .she wanted to coach a club so as to spend more time with her family. She maintains
Chinese citizenship though 8 (live) in the US for more than 15 years.
She is now the head coach of the Chinese women's national volleyball team, which
won the World Championship in Japan in 2015. 9 August 21, 2016, she guided the
Chinese national team to the gold medal at 2016 Rio Olympics, 12 years after the team
last captured 10 same medal at 2004 Athens Olympic Games, and 32 years from the
1984 Los Angeles Games.
学 而 思 网 校
Owing to her central role in the success of the Chinese women's volleyball team in
the 1980s, Lang Ping is seen as a cultural icon and is one of the most respected
(respect) people in modern Chinese sports history.
She became the coach of the US National Team in 2005. Lang guided the team to
the 2008 Olympics, where the US team was/were faced (face) with Chinese team in her
home country. The US team defeated China 3-2. The match drew 250 million television
viewers (view) in China alone. The team went on to win (win) the silver medal, losing to
Brazil in the finals 3-1. Lang allowed her contract (合同) to run out later that year, saying
that she wanted to coach a club so as to spend more time with her family. She maintains
Chinese citizenship though living (live) in the US for more than 15 years.
She is now the head coach of the Chinese women's national volleyball team, which
won the World Championship in Japan in 2015. On August 21, 2016, she guided the
Chinese national team to the gold medal at 2016 Rio Olympics, 12 years after the team
last captured the same medal at 2004 Athens Olympic Games, and 32 years from the
1984 Los Angeles Games.
学 而 思 网 校
America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the
United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65.
The 1__________ (age) of the population will affect American society in many
ways —— education, medicine, 2__________ business. Quietly, the graying of
America has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite
different idea of 3__________ kind of behavior is suitable at various ages. A person's
age no longer tells you anything about his/her position, 4__________ (marry) or
health. There's no longer a particular year 5__________ one goes to school or goes
to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that 6__________ (keep)
us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn't as strong
as 7__________ used to be. It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 25-year-old university
president or a 35-year- old grandmother, or 8__________ 80-year-old man who has
become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing. Many people say, “I am
much 9__________ (young) than my mother or my father was at my age.” No one
says “Act your age” any more. We've stopped 10__________ (look) with surprise at
older people who act in youthful ways.
学 而 思 网 校
America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the
United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65.
The __________ (age) of the population will affect American society in many ways —
— education, medicine, __________ business. Quietly, the graying of America has
made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different idea of
__________ kind of behavior is suitable at various ages. A person's age no longer
tells you anything about his/her position, __________ (marry) or health. There's no
longer a particular year __________ one goes to school or goes to work or gets
married or starts a family. The social clock that __________ (keep) us on time and
told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn't as strong as __________
used to be. It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 25-year-old university president or a 35-
year- old grandmother, or __________ 80-year-old man who has become a father for
the first time. Public ideas are changing. Many people say, “I am much __________
(young) than my mother or my father was at my age.” No one says “Act your age” any
more. We've stopped __________ (look) with surprise at older people who act in
youthful ways.
aging
and
what
marriage
when
kept
it
an
younger
looking
课次
写作
听力
完形
1
中国文化
购物&餐饮
复现
2
校园活动
出行&日常
逻辑顺序&情感
3
社会实践
工作&校园
搭配&语法文化&常
识
课次
专题巩固
专项提升
4
写作文体模板1
（感谢/道歉/邀请/建议）
语法题型专项1
5
写作文体模板2
（求助/介绍/申请）
语法题型专项2
6
记叙文阅读
高频词及长难句详解
7
说明文阅读
高频词及长难句详解
8
议论文阅读
高频词及长难句详解
9
阅读理解综合
四类题型技巧讲解
10
七选五
高频词及长难句详解
11
完形填空1（记叙文）
高频词
12
完形填空2（夹叙夹议）
高频词
13
写作
提纲类
14
高考题型综合巩固
【土豪斐鸡汤时间】选A
If you don't walk out, you will think that this is the
whole world.
如果你不出去走走，
你会以为这就是全世界。
——《天堂电影院 》
