04 人与社会之社会服务与人际沟通
Passage 1
（2019·全国·高考真题）“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else
volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for
volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around
stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and
tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about
the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks
up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities
among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects
money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an
invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are
relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can
be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That
relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:
Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services
provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to
admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter
where my motivation lies?
1．What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？
A．She knows little about the club.
B．She isn’t good at sports.
C．She just doesn’t want to volunteer.
D．She’s unable to meet her schedule.
2．What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Encourage teamwork.
B．Appeal to feelings.
C．Promote good deeds.
D．Provide advice.
3．What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A．She gets interested in lacrosse.
B．She is proud of her kids.
C．She’ll work for another season.
D．She becomes a good helper.
4．Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A．It gives her a sense of duty.
B．It makes her very happy.
C．It enables her to work hard.
D．It brings her material rewards.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，
并且这位家长后来成为这个团队中有力的帮手，同时作者在参与志愿者活动过程中也获得
了很多快乐。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else
volunteers, then I will do it.可知，这位家长说如果其他人都不愿意做志愿者的工作，她会做
这份工作，作者可以把她当作最后的备选，也就是她不愿意做志愿者的工作。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据划线前句she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话I
mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a
team that his kids aren’t even on ...可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，
划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及the same parent ends up becoming an
invaluable member of the team.可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，
她成了一个好帮手。故选D。
4．细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四段最后两句Connecting to
the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐，参加志愿者活动
活动能让人感觉快乐。故选B。
Passage 2
（22-23 高一上·天津·期末）Did you ever have to say “no” to somebody? Such as a
classmate who asks to go to lunch with you? New research suggests that, at least socially, a
rejection (拒绝) should not include an apology. In other words, saying you are sorry does not
make the person being rejected feel any better. In fact, it might make the rejected person feel
worse. That is surprising. Many people consider it to be good manners to say they are sorry when
they turn down a request.
Gili Freedman is doing some related research at Dartmouth College. For her research, she
asked over 1,000 people to respond to different examples of social rejection. In one example, the
researchers asked people for their reaction after a person named Taylor asked to join a co-worker
who went out to lunch every Friday. And Taylor was told “no”. But in some cases, the person
rejecting Taylor offered an apology. In other cases, the people doing the rejection did not say they
were sorry. People were asked how they would feel if they were being turned down, just as Taylor
was. Most said they would be more hurt by a rejection with an apology than a rejection without an
apology.
Freedman said the reason is that apologies make people feel like they need to say that the
rejection was okay — even when they felt like it was not okay. Rejection without an apology lets
them express their feelings of disappointment, hurt or anger more easily. Freedman also said that
an apology often makes the person doing the rejection feel better — even as it makes the person
being rejected feel worse.
Her research deals only with social communication. A business situation might be very
different. “If a manager rejects a job interviewee or a boss must tell an employee that he or she is
being fired from a job,” Freedman said, “reactions to apologies may be different.”
5．Why do people say they are sorry when they express rejection?
A．Because they think it is more polite and acceptable.
B．Because they think it helps them express their dislike better.
C．Because they think apologies are the basis of communication.
D．Because they think it sounds more comfortable for the listener.6．In Gili Freedman’s research, over 1,000 people ________.
A．rejected others without an apology
B．offered an apology when rejecting others
C．would be more hurt by a rejection with an apology
D．were asked to answer the question in different situations
7．What role does an apology play in rejection according to Feedman?
A．It makes the rejection more acceptable.
B．It makes a good impression on the listener.
C．It makes the communication more pleasant.
D．It makes the person doing the rejecting feel better.
8．What will be mentioned (提及) next according to the last paragraph?
A．The effect of an apology during a rejection.
B．Gili Freedman’s research on business situations.
C．A rejection with an apology in a business situation.
D．The difference between a social situation and a business one.
9．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Rejections with apologies make people feel better.
B．Rejections shouldn’t include an apology.
C．Rejections should be expressed in a polite way.
D．Rejections with apologies are easy to accept.
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．D 8．C 9．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。许多人认为拒绝别人的请求时，为了表示礼貌而说很抱歉，但
是实际上，说抱歉并不能让被拒绝的人感觉更好，拒绝时不应该道歉。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Many people consider it to be good manners to say they are
sorry when they turn down a request. (许多人认为当他们拒绝一个请求时说他们很抱歉是礼貌
的)”可知，许多人认为当他们拒绝一个请求时，为了表示礼貌而说很抱歉。因此，人们在
表达拒绝时会说抱歉的原因是A项“Because they think it is more polite and acceptable.(因为
他们认为这更礼貌，更容易接受)”符合题意，故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“For her research, she asked over 1,000 people to respond to
different examples of social rejection.(在她的研究中，她要求超过1000人对不同的社会拒绝的例子作出反应)”可知，在Gili Freedman的研究中，超过1000人被要求在不同社会拒绝的
例子做出反应。因此，在Gili Freedman的研究中，超过1000人是D项“were asked to
answer the question in different situations (被要求在不同的情况下回答这个问题)”符合题意，
故选D项。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Freedman also said that an apology often makes the person
doing the rejection feel better— even as it makes the person being rejected feel worse. (弗里德曼
还说，道歉通常会让做拒绝的人感觉更好——即使它会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟)”可知，根
据弗里德曼的说法，道歉在拒绝中扮演角色是D项“It makes the person doing the rejecting
feel better.(这会让做拒绝的人感觉更好)”符合题意，故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A business situation might be very different. “If a manager
rejects a job interviewee or a boss must tell an employee that he or she is being fired from a job,”
Freedman said, “reactions to apologies may be different.”(商业环境可能会非常不同。弗里德曼
说：“如果经理拒绝接受面试，或者老板必须告诉员工他或她被解雇了，对道歉的反应可
能会不同。”)”可知，接下来可能提到商业环境下的拒绝以及道歉。因此，根据最后一段
下一步会提到的是C项“A rejection with an apology in a business situation.(在商业场合拒绝
并道歉)”符合题意，故选C项。
9．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“New research suggests that, at least socially,
a rejection should not include an apology. In other words, saying you are sorry does not make the
person being rejected feel any better. (新的研究表明，至少在社交方面，拒绝不应该包括道歉。
换句话说，说对不起并不能让被拒绝的人感觉更好)”可知，本文主要阐述一个道理：当拒
绝别人的请求时，说抱歉并不能让被拒绝的人感觉更好，拒绝时不应该包含道歉。因此，
这篇文章的主旨是B项“Rejections shouldn’t include an apology.(拒绝不应该包括道歉)”符合
题意，故选B项。
Passage 3
（20-21高一下·全国·期末）You wake up in the morning. The day is beautiful and the
plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time. Then the telephone
rings, you say hello, and the drama starts. The person at the other end has a depressing(令人沮丧
的）tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to
look forward to . Are you still in a wonderful mood? Impossible!Communicating with negatice(消极的）people can w out your happiness . It may not
change what you think , but communicating long enough with them will make you fee depressed
for a moment or a long time.
Life brings ups and downs, but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no
happiness to offer . They only feel glad when they make others feel bad . No wonder they can
hardly win others' pity or respect.
When you communicate with positive people, your spirit stays happy and therefore more
positive things are attracted. When the dagger(匕首）of a negative person is put in you,you have
the heavy feeling that all in all, brings you down.
Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate w negative people . He / She could be a
co-worker , or a relative . In this case, speak as little as possible. Sometimes it feels good to let out
your anger back to the negative person, but that will lower you to the same negative level and they
won't feel ashamed of themselves about that.
Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized. The negative words of
another at the start of the day can cling to(附着）you throughout the rest of your day,which makes
you feel bad and steals your happiness. Life is too short to feel negative.Stay positive and avoid
negativity as much as possible.
10．What's the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To make a comparison .
B．To offer an suggestion.
C．To introduce a topic.
D．To describe a daily scene.
11．How can negative people affect on us?
A．By influencing our emotion .
B．By telling us the nature of life
C．By changing our ways of thinking.
D．By comparing their attitudes to life with ours.
12．What do some negative people base their happiness on?
A．Other people's pity for them
B．Making other people unhappy.
C．Building up a positive attitudeD．Other’s people’s respect for them
【答案】10．C 11．A 12．B
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲了与消极的人聊天儿，自己也会变得沮丧，为了
减少消极的人对我们的影响，我们最好少和消极的人交流。生命短暂，与其每日忧愁，不
如用积极的心态，去迎接生活。
10．推理判断题。第一自然段主要讲了作者醒来以后感觉今天是美好的一天，但是有人打
电话来说生活无望，由此引出了本文的话题——与消极的人聊天儿，自己也会变得沮丧，
故选C。
11．细节理解题。由第二段“Communicating with negative people can wash out your
happiness. It may not change what you think, but communicating long enough with them will
make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time.”（和消极的人交流会毁掉你的快乐。这
可能不会改变你的想法，但与他们交流足够长的时间会让你感到沮丧一会儿或很长一段时
间。）可知消极的人通过我们的情绪影响我们，故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They only feel glad when they make others feel bad"可知，
消极的人只有在令别人不悦时，自己才会感到开心，故选B。
Passage 4
（23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）Amy Carter-James is small, blue-eyed and blonde, with
a friendly smile. She doesn’t look like she could change the lives of thousands of people but,
clearly, she has.
It all started when Amy took a gap year in Africa after she finished university. “I spent eight
months volunteering in a very poor countryside school in Kenya,” she says. “That was the first
time I saw poverty. I was so young and so easily inspired and I thought, ‘Why can’t tourism do the
same thing for community development?’”
On her return to England, 22-year-old Amy and her boyfriend Neal decided to take “the
road less travelled”. They drove across Mozambique, one of the poorest countries in Africa, but it
wasn’t exactly a holiday. Mozambique had two qualities which appealed to them: great potential
as a travel destination and local people who desperately needed help. Once there, the couple got
off the beaten track and headed for Quirimbas National Park, where they found a tiny stretch ofwhite sand close to a village named Guludo. Life in Guludo was hard: there was little clean water
and not enough food. Healthcare was poor and people in the village had a life expectancy of 38
years. Amy and Neal had no qualifications in tourism or healthcare but they had common sense,
enthusiasm and determination. They talked to the villagers about their plan to create a small beach
resort, which would provide employment for people so that they could have a better life. The
response from the villagers was extremely positive. Their only question was: “When can you
start?”
The couple set to work on a beach lodge, building beach huts from local materials and
employing people from the surrounding area. Once the lodge was complete, they set up a
charitable foundation called NEMA, which received 5% of its revenue. This money was used to
create clean water points, fund healthcare projects, build two primary schools and support
conservation projects—it helped to improve the lives of thousands of people. “We wanted to show
the world the power of tourism, that it could be a vehicle for change,” says Amy.
It isn’t easy to get to this village. It’s not a typical package holiday with airport pick-ups
and drop-offs. There’s no public transport, either. The nearest city is about 260 kilometres away
and once there, you have to take a boat or go on a three-hour car journey along badly maintained
roads. But the village lodge is worth the effort. Today the lodge has nine beach huts, with beautiful
sea views. There are no overpriced gift shops and other tourist traps. It’s the perfect place to take
time out, escape the crowds and soak up the sun. Visitors can see the sights—explore the island
nearby with a tour guide, go scuba diving or observe African wildlife. But the highlight for many
is getting to know people in the village, taking part in festivals and learning about NEMA’s work.
“People who stay with us often come for the diving or the beach,” says Amy, “but it’s the
communities that really blow them away.”
Amy and Neal are not alone: all over the world, similar community-based tourism projects
are being set up. This new concept is changing tourism and recreation, one lodge at a time.
Here is the fruit of their efforts:
NEMA in numbers
2new primary schools
150 secondary school scholarships
800 primary school meals8,000 mosquito nets
Clean water for 15,000 people
13．The couple have decided to travel to Mozambique, because___________.
A．they have never been to this tourist attraction before
B．this place both boasts beautiful scenery and warm locals
C．they want to aid poor people in need when having a trip
D．they want to develop their personal community career.
14．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the phrase “off the beaten track” in
Paragraph3?
A．The road pressed down by people’s footsteps.B．The road where few people travel and
know.
C．The road which is being changed at times. D．The road which doesn’t deserve
people’s attention.
15．Which of the following CANNOT be inferred according to the passage?
A．People are surprised at the living standard of Mozambique.
B．The funds raised by NEMA will be used to improve locals’ livelihood.
C．Now Mozambique has grown out of poverty due to people’s help.
D．Mosquito nets are daily necessities in local people’s life.
16．What is the best title of the passage?
A．A Small Step Makes a Huge Difference.B．A Road Less Travelled.
C．A Decision Between Life and Death. D．A Travel Worth Investing In.
【答案】13．C 14．B 15．C 16．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了22岁的艾米和男朋友驱车去非洲最贫穷的国家
之一——莫桑比克，他们决定走一条“人迹罕至的路”，于是他们来到很多贫穷的村庄，
在那里建立了社区旅游项目，建了学校，让人们用上干净的水等。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They drove across Mozambique, one of the poorest
countries in Africa, but it wasn’t exactly a holiday. Mozambique had two qualities which appealed
to them: great potential as a travel destination and local people who desperately needed help.(他们
驱车穿越非洲最贫穷的国家之一——Mozambique，但这并不完全是一个假期。Mozambique
有两个吸引他们的品质：作为旅游目的地的巨大潜力和迫切需要帮助的当地人。)”可知两人前往Mozambique是为了旅游度假，也是为了帮助当地人民，故选C。
2. 词句猜测题。从第三段开头“the road less travelled(人迹罕至的道路)”说明这个地方鲜有
人问津，由此可推知，画线短语“the beaten track”意为“这条路很少有人走过，也很少有
人知道”。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Life in Guludo was hard: there was little clean water and not
enough food. Healthcare was poor and people in the village had a life expectancy of 38 years.
(Guludo的生活很艰难，没有干净的水，也没有足够的食物。卫生保健条件很差，村民的预
期寿命为38岁。)”可知，莫桑比亚的生活水平很差，这会让人们感到很惊讶，A项可以推
断出；根据第四段中“This money was used to create clean water points, fund healthcare
projects, build two primary schools and support conservation projects—it helped to improve the
lives of thousands of people.(这些钱被用来建造清洁供水点、资助医疗项目、建造两所小学
和支持保护项目——它帮助改善了成千上万人的生活。)”可推知，NEMA筹集的资金将用
于改善当地人的生活，B项可以推断出；根据表格中内容“8,000 mosquito nets(八千顶蚊
帐)”可知，艾米和尼尔给当地人买了蚊帐，由此可推知，蚊帐是当地人日常生活的必需品，
D项可以推断出。第三段中“They talked to the villagers about their plan to create a small
beach resort, which would provide employment for people so that they could have a better life. (他
们与村民们谈论他们计划建立一个小型海滩度假村，这将为人们提供就业机会，使他们能
过上更好的生活。)”和最后一段表格内容讲到他们在那里获得的成果可知，他们的努力使
得莫桑比克的人们得到了经济和物资援助，C选项“现在，由于人们的帮助，莫桑比克已
经摆脱了贫困。”，范围太广，不合实情，从文章内容是不能推断出来的。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了22岁的艾米和男朋友驱车去非洲最贫穷的国家之一——
莫桑比克，他们决定走一条“人迹罕至的路”，于是他们来到很多贫穷的村庄，在那里建
立了社区旅游项目，建了学校，让人们用上干净的水等。文中多次出现“人迹罕至的路”，
具有双关的含义，既指这条路是小众旅行地，又指鲜有人勇于尝试这项事业，由此可知，
B项“A Road Less Travelled.”适合做文章标题，故选B。
Passage 5
（22-23 高一上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Stefany Bibb has been a teacher at the John F.
Kennedy High School for over twenty years. She is also the person who started the school’s
Kindness Club.Members of the Kindness Club are made up of students in every grade. The aim is to help
students and spread kindness. Students who’re in the Kindness Club frequently hold the door open
politely for others, welcome other students and teachers every morning, and focus on being
respectful and helpful.
“I like to make people smile, because it lights up my world and I know it makes them feel
warm inside, too,” said Aniyah Cox, a tenth-grader who’s a member of the Kindness Club.
Recently, Bibb led students from the Kindness Club to paint stones with messages of
generosity. They also spent time at school making a special garden for these stones outside the
teaching building.
The Kindness Rock Garden is decorated with colorful pinwheels (风车) that blow in the
wind. On the lawn (草坪), there are painted stones of many sizes and shapes, many of them with
encouraging messages or creative designs.
Students can even keep the stones with them for up to one week before returning them to the
garden, and if a student wants to keep them for more time, they get to paint another stone to
replace the one they took.
“You can also pass your rock down to your friends, so you can make their day,” Aniyah said.
The garden is just another way the Kindness Club can help with putting smiles on other
people’s faces. And Bibb hopes the kindness can be passed on to their home life as well.
“Nothing they have done is because of me,” Bibb said. “They’re naturally kind. What we
have achieved is thanks to their kindness. How amazing they are! I’m just like, here, do what you
do.”
17．Stefany Bibb set up the Kindness Club to________.
A．cheer up those in difficulties B．help people and pass on kindness
C．enrich students’ school life D．teach students how to make friends
18．What did students from the Kindness Club do recently?
A．They passed messages of generosity on to other students.
B．They decorated the teaching building with painted rocks.
C．They built a garden for the stones they painted.
D．They replaced the stones in the school with ones designed by themselves.
19．Which of the following can replace the underlined words?
A．Get them out of trouble. B．Improve their confidence.C．Make them happy. D．Ease their stress.
20．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Bibb doesn’t think students could have done a good job without her help.
B．Bibb is very surprised to see how kind her students are.
C．Bibb believes that it is important to teach students to be kind.
D．Bibb thinks the success of the Kindness Club is due to students’ natural kindness.
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了斯特凡尼·比布成立了仁爱俱乐部来帮助人们，传
递仁爱的故事。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The aim is to help students and spread kindness.(目的是帮助
学生并传播仁爱)”可知，斯特凡尼·比布成立仁爱俱乐部的目的是帮助人们并传播仁爱。故
选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段“Recently, Bibb led students from the Kindness Club to paint
stones with messages of generosity. They also spent time at school making a special garden for
these stones outside the teaching building.(最近，比布带领仁爱俱乐部的学生在石头上画上慷
慨的信息。他们还在学校里花时间为教学楼外的这些石头建造了一个特殊的花园)”可知，
仁爱俱乐部的学生最近为他们画的石头建了一个花园。故选C项。
19．词句猜测题。根据第五段“On the lawn, there are painted stones of many sizes and shapes,
many of them with encouraging messages or creative designs.(在草坪上，有许多大小和形状的
彩绘石头，其中许多带有鼓舞人心的信息或创意设计)”以及第七段“You can also pass your
rock down to your friends,(你也可以把你的石头传给你的朋友)”可知，你可以将带有鼓舞人
心的信息或创意设计的石头送给朋友，你可以让他们开心，推测划线短语表示“让他们开
心”，与make them happy同义。故选C项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They’re naturally kind. What we have achieved is thanks to
their kindness. (他们天生善良。我们所取得的成就要归功于他们的善良)”可知，比布认为仁
爱俱乐部的成功要归功于学生天生的善良。故选D项。
