北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 22版 《5年高考3年模拟 B
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专题十二 猜测词义
— 专题检测 —
Passage 1
Nowadays, more and more people are unable to sleep due to various reasons. What
will you do if you have trouble going to sleep? Try a glass of warm milk. Still no luck?
Try counting sheep, “One,two, three...”It is late but you are still awake. Are you
supposed to take a sleeping pill? No,because if you take it, you will probably depend on
the drugs. So you lie awake all night hoping that the new workday will arrive soon.
A new study has found that you might fall asleep quicker and stay asleep longer if
you try“cerebral(大脑的) hypothermia(低温)”. No, cerebral hypothermia is not a complex
medical process. It just means cooling down your brain. Eric Nofzinger and Daniel
Buysse of the University of Pittsburgh Medical School led the study. They examined 12
people who had insomnia. Twelve others had no sleep problems.Each of them wore a soft
plastic cap on their heads at bed time, which had tubes inside filled with water.The first
two nights of testing, the patients wore no water caps. During the next two nights, the
caps were worn, but the water was not cooled. Then the researchers cooled the water a
little for two nights. On the final two nights of the study, the temperature of the water
was made much cooler.
The researchers found that the water caps did not help the insomnia patients until the
temperature was about 14℃. Most of the patients fell asleep faster and slept better when
the coolest water was moving around their heads.
Dr. Nofzinger and Dr. Buysse noted that this was only the beginning of the brain
temperature study. But they believe they have discovered something important that needs
more research. They presented their test results in June at a meeting of the Associated
Professional Sleep Societies in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
1.The underlined word “insomnia” in Paragraph 2 probably means .
A.carelessness B.sleeplessness
C.loneliness D.sleepiness
2.What do we know about the study?
A.Half of the people studied had trouble in sleeping.
B.The researchers wore the caps every night.
C.The caps were made of cloth.
D.The study lasted six nights.
3.Dr. Nofzinger and Dr. Buysse agreed that .
A.people can sleep better by wearing caps
B.the water caps worked if the water was frozen
C.more research should be done
D.the researchers finished the study in June
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Cooling the brain may help people sleep.
B.A new study about how to fall asleep quicker.
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C.Water helps people get up easily.
D.Many people can't sleep well at night.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了一项科技新发现,即用“大脑低温法”治疗失眠现
象。
1.B 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第2段中画线词“insomnia”的意思可能是什么?根据常
识可知做实验往往对两组或多组不同的群体进行对比。根据画线词后面的句子(另外12人
没有睡眠问题)可推知答案为B项(失眠)。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于这项研究我们知道什么?根据第2段对该项研究的介
绍可知,受试者共24人,其中12人有失眠症状,12人没有失眠症状,故答案为A项(受试者的一
半人有睡眠困难)。根据第2段中“Each of them wore a soft plastic cap on their heads at
bed time”排除C项;根据第2段中“The first two nights of testing, the patients wore no
water caps.”排除B项;根据第2段最后四句可排除D项。
3.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:诺夫辛格博士和布伊斯博士同意 。根据最后一段
第1句(诺夫辛格博士和布伊斯博士指出,这只是大脑温度研究的开始)可知答案为C项。
4.A 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文的主题是什么?本文第1段提出了失眠者的困难,第2
段首句为本文的主题句,引出了解决失眠问题的新方法,故答案为A项。
高级词块 1.be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 2.depend on依赖
Passage 2
Did you know roughly one third of food for human consumption goes to waste?
Most of it is fresh fruit and vegetables that go bad. The produce dries out or goes bad,
which has led scientists to develop ways of coating or sealing the food to keep it fresher
for longer. Now research at Rice University reveals there might be a better way.
Scientists discovered that dipping produce like strawberries and bananas into an egg-
based wash is remarkably good for preserving it. The coating is extremely thick, and
made from a mixture of powdered egg whites and yolks(蛋黄)(70%), and some wood-
sourced cellulose(纤维素)to act as a barrier preventing water loss.
What the scientists found was that the egg wash made a significant difference in
helping produce stay fresh over a two-week observation period. The appearance of the
coated fruits and vegetables didn't change much, while the uncoated produce ripened and
even rotted within the same time frame. The egg-based coating, as it turned out, reduced
each fruit's chance to get exposed to oxygen.
The non-poisonous coating was found to be flexible and tests showed that it was just
as tough as other products, including synthetic films(合成膜),used in produce packaging.
For anyone with an egg allergy, the coating can be removed by thorough washing in
water and is tasteless.
The scientists hope this could be a breakthrough in the fight against food waste.
“Reducing food shortages in ways that are not related to genetic modification, uneatable
coatings or chemical additives is important for better sustainable living,” said materials
scientist and study author Pulickel Ajayan.
What's great about this discovery is that it fights food waste in more than one way:
even the coating was made from eggs that would otherwise have been discarded because
they weren't fit for consumption. The researchers said roughly 200 million of US-produced
eggs go to waste annually. So if this were scaled up, it could be a win-win situation all
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around.
1.How does the egg-based wash help keep food fresh?
A.By limiting its oxygen exposure.
B.By making its coating less thick.
C.By removing its cellulose slowly.
D.By improving its absorbent ability.
2.Why is Pulickel Ajayan mentioned in the text?
A.To stress the seriousness of food shortage.
B.To offer the method of cutting food waste.
C.To show the significance of the discovery.
D.To give a brief description of the research.
3.What does the underlined word “discarded” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Eaten up.
B.Taken in.
C.Picked out.
D.Thrown away.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.How to use eggs creatively.
B.A new way to preserve food.
C.How to recycle food waste.
D.A breakthrough in technology.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与社会。文章主要介绍了一种使食物保鲜
长久的新方法,即使用以鸡蛋为原料的洗涤液。
1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:以鸡蛋为原料的洗涤液如何帮助食物保鲜?根据第三段中
“The egg-based coating, as it turned out, reduced each fruit's chance to get exposed to
oxygen.”可知答案为A项(限制食物与氧气的接触)。
2.C 推理判断题。 本题题干意为:为什么在文中提及Pulickel Ajayan?第五段首句“The
scientists hope this could be a breakthrough in the fight against food waste.”(科学家们希
望这种方法能够成为抵抗食物浪费的突破)为本段主题句,然后作者又引用科学家Pulickel
Ajayan所说的话。由此可推知:文章提到Pulickel Ajayan旨在说明该发现的意义。故答案为
C项。
3.D 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:最后一段中画线词“discarded”可能是什么意思?根据画
线词后“because they weren't fit for consumption”(因为它们不适合食用)可知画线词的意
思是“扔掉”,故答案为D项。
4.B 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文主要是关于什么?通读全文,尤其是文章第一段中
“Now research at Rice University reveals there might be a better way.”及第二段中
“Scientists discovered that dipping produce like strawberries and bananas into an egg-
based wash is remarkably good for preserving it.”可知,本文主要介绍了一种保存食物的新
方法。故答案为B项。
高级词块 1.dry out变干 2.dip...into...把……浸在……里 3.a win-win situation双赢的局面
Passage 3
Days after Argentina canceled all international passenger flights to protect the country
from the new coronavirus, Juan Manuel Ballestero began his journey home the only way
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possible: He stepped aboard his small sailboat for what turned out to be an 85-day
odyssey across the Atlantic.
The 47-year-old sailor could have stayed out on the tiny Portuguese island of Porto
Santo, but the idea of spending what he thought could be “the end of the world” away
from his family, especially his father who was soon to turn 90, was unbearable. So he
loaded his 29-foot sailboat with canned fish, fruit and rice and set sail in mid-March.
“I didn't want to stay like a coward (懦夫) on an island where there were no
cases,” Mr. Ballestero said. “I wanted to do everything possible to return home. The
most important thing for me was to be with my family.”
Friends tried to dissuade Mr. Ballestero from starting the perilous journey, and the
authorities in Portugal warned him he might not be allowed to re-enter if he ran into
trouble and had to turn back. But he was determined, “I bought myself a one-way ticket
and there was no going back,” he said.
Sailing can be a lonely passion, and it was particularly so on this voyage for Mr.
Ballestero, who each night tuned in to the news on a radio for 30 minutes to assess how
the virus was spreading across the globe. “I kept thinking about whether this would be
my last trip,” he said.
When he made it to his native Mar del Plata, on June 17, he was surprised by the
hero's welcome he received. “Entering my port where my father had his sailboat, where
he taught me so many things and where I learned how to sail, gave me the taste of a
mission accomplished,” he said. A medical professional administered a test for COVID-19
on the dock. Within 72 hours, after the test came back negative, he was allowed to set
foot on Argentine soil.
While he didn't get to celebrate his father's 90th birthday in May, he did make it
home in time for Father's Day.
1.Why did Juan Manuel Ballestero start his journey?
A.To be reunited with his family.
B.To avoid being infected with the coronavirus.
C.To realize his dream of sailing.
D.To prove his bravery.
2.What do we know about Juan Manuel Ballestero?
A.He was forbidden to enter Mar del Plata.
B.He didn't receive any information about the outside world during the journey.
C.He failed to celebrate his father's birthday.
D.He was not allowed to leave Porto Santo by the authorities in Portugal.
3.What does the underlined word “perilous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.distant B.tiring
C.boring D.adventurous
4.What can we infer from the text?
A.The man was born in Porto Santo in Argentina.
B.His friends encouraged him to start his journey.
C.A test for COVID-19 was given to him the moment he arrived.
D.The man was not worried at all during the trip.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会。为防止新冠病毒的蔓延,阿根廷政府取
消了所有国际航班。胡安·曼努埃尔·巴列斯特罗为了回家乘小帆船开始了长达85天的横渡
大西洋之旅。
1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:胡安·曼努埃尔·巴列斯特罗开始他的旅行的原因是什么?
根据第 2 段中的“the idea of spending what he thought could be ‘the end of the
world’ away from his family, especially his father who was soon to turn 90, was
unbearable”(一想到远离家人,尤其是他快90岁的父亲,度过他认为的“世界末日”,他就感
到难以承受)可知答案为A项(和家人团聚)。
2.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于胡安·曼努埃尔·巴列斯特罗我们了解什么?根据最后一
段(虽然他没有在5月份庆祝父亲的90岁生日,但他还是及时赶回家过了父亲节)可知答案为
C项。
3.D 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第4段中画线词“perilous” 是什么意思?根据画线词所
在句的后半部分(葡萄牙当局警告他,如果遇到麻烦不得不返回时,他可能不会被允许再次入
境)可推知画线词的意思是“危险的”,故答案为D项。
4.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从文章中我们可以推断出什么?根据倒数第2段的最后两
句“A medical professional administered a test for COVID-19 on the dock. Within 72
hours, after the test came back negative, ...”(一名医学专业人员在码头上对他做了
COVID-19检测。检测后72小时内出的检测结果为阴性,……)可知答案为C项(他刚到就接
受了COVID-19的检测)。
高级词块 1.turn out to be结果是 2.set sail起航 3.dissuade sb. from doing sth.劝阻某
人不去做某事
Passage 4
You are with me once in a while for nearly 20 years now. You never said why you
chose me. I didn't even think I was your type. I had always thought you went for the
worrier, and the unadventurous. But I am an outgoing girl. Maybe you were impressed
with my demanding teaching career. Your past lovers come from all walks of life. I see
them yell under your pressure.
I often keep you a secret. I refuse to let my identity be swept up in yours. Besides,
sometimes when people talk about you, what they are concerned is how they know you,
too and the ways to be relaxed and get away from anxiety. But you and they are only
casual acquaintances—the intensity (强度) is incomparable.
I am writing now because I have noticed that we are growing apart. So there are
things I want to say. I know my daily exercising annoys you; you're nowhere to be seen
when I'm reading our favourite books. I've noticed that you're turned off by the way I'm
eating fruits and vegetables. When I take the time to chat with a stranger or a friend,
you often storm off. So I've decided it is time to start making plans of my own, despite
not knowing what yours are.
I know we will always be in touch. You'll visit me when I least expect it. But plan
on being prepared. If we do eventually split for good, you should know you have
changed me for the better. Because of you, I see that life is a fragile gift to be handled
with awakened care and patience. So learn to keep you at bay by getting away from
stress.
In short, appreciate you for what you have brought into my life but I ask you to
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give me the distance I need to learn the lessons you have taught.
1.The word “you” mentioned in the passage refers to .
A.a secret
B.a bad feeling
C.a teacher
D.the author's best friend
2.Which activity of the author will “you” like?
A.Reading her favorite books.
B.Chatting with her friends happily.
C.Working out on regular basis.
D.Doing demanding work and feeling stressed.
3.What's the author's attitude towards “you”?
A.She is grateful to “you”.
B.She has pity on “you”.
C.She can't forgive “you”.
D.She regrets treating “you” badly.
4.Where is the passage probably taken from?
A.A poem. B.A guidebook.
C.A diary. D.A biography.
答案
[语篇解读] 这是一篇记叙文。主题语境为人与自我。作者使用了拟人的写作手法,讲述自
己与坏情绪多年以来的斗争,以及现在的和谐共处和未来打算如何远离这种情绪。
1.B 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:本文提到的“你”指的是 。根据第一段中“I had
always thought you went for the worrier, and the unadventurous.”(我一直以为你会去找忧
虑的人和不愿冒险的人)及最后两句“Your past lovers come from all walks of life. I see
them yell under your pressure.”(你过去的恋人来自各行各业。我看到他们在你的压力下大
喊大叫)可知:“你”会给人带来压力,是一种不好的情绪。故答案为B项。
2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:“你”喜欢作者的哪项活动?根据第一段关键句“Maybe
you were impressed with my demanding teaching career.”(也许“你”对我要求高的教学
生涯印象深刻)可知:要求高的教学生涯会给作者带来工作上的压力,即“做要求高的工作并
感到有压力”是“你”喜欢作者做的事情。故选D项。
3.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者对“你”持什么态度?根据最后一段中的“In short,
appreciate you for what you have brought into my life”(简而言之,感谢你给我的生活带来
的一切)及倒数第二段中“If we do eventually split for good, you should know you have
changed me for the better.”(如果我们最终真的永远分手了,你应该知道你把我变得更好了)
可知:作者对“你”的态度是感激的。故选A项。
4.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:本文可能出自哪里?本文是作者和自己心里的坏情绪的谈
话,由此可推知本文为一篇日记,故选C项。
高级词块 1.go for选择 2.be turned off by对……失去兴趣
Passage 5
What do you do with old stuff? That dress you bought for a party three years ago,
for example. You wore it once and put it away somewhere. So, what to do?
In the UK, we might take it to a charity shop. The first charity shops appeared in
Britain in the 19th century. The Salvation Army was one of the first to run a second-
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hand clothing shop to provide the needy with affordable clothes. This was followed by
charities such as the British Red Cross, who also relieved hardship and raised money for
the war effort during World War Two. In 1947, Oxfam opened a charity shop in High
Street, Oxford, which is the modern form we know today. These days, charity shops are a
common sight with around 11,200 shops across the UK, according to the Charity Retail
Association. During business hours the public can donate their unwanted items to a charity
shop—clothes, books, electronics, furniture. These items are checked for wear and tear and
if found still serviceable, they will be priced up to be sold at a heavily discounted price.
For many, this is a win-win situation. To the charity, it means a valuable source of
income. To the consumer, it provides the opportunity to buy, often extremely cheaply,
items and clothes. To the donator, it may help to assuage consumer guilt. “You can
make a pretty good case to yourself that you are doing good, because what you are doing
is going towards a charitable cause and you are saving stuff from landfill,” Clare Press,
fashion journalist and sustainable style advocate, tells The Guardian.
There are sometimes hidden treasures for the buyers, too. Take a screen print for
example. It was bought for 99p and later found to be by English artist Ben Nicholson. It
was sold for ￡4, 200. So next time you need to rid yourself of something, spare a
thought for the charity shop—after all, charity begins at home!
1.The text is mainly written to .
A.comment on the benefits of charity shops
B.analyze the popularity of the UK charities
C.list the names of the first UK charity shops
D.introduce something about UK charity shops
2.Modern charity shops might be run by .
A.the British Red Cross
B.The Salvation Army
C.Oxfam
D.the Charity Retail Association
3.What does the underlined word “assuage” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Ease. B.Add. C.Mix. D.Increase.
4.What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph?
A.Get rid of unwanted items.
B.Start charity from daily life.
C.Be environmentally friendly.
D.Make a difference to the future.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会。本文介绍了英国的慈善商店的历史、
经营方式及社会意义。
1.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:本文的主要写作目的是 。第一段以问题的形式引
出文章主题,根据第2段及后面段落内容可知本文介绍的是英国慈善商店的有关内容,故答案
为D项。
2.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:现代慈善商店可能由 经营。根据第2段中的“In
1947, Oxfam opened a charity shop in High Street, Oxford, which is the modern form we
know today.”可知答案为C项。
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3.A 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第3段中画线词“assuage”可能是什么意思?根据画线词
后面的句子(你可以很好地证明你是在做好事,因为你所做的是为了慈善事业,你正在从垃圾
填埋场中挽救一些东西)可知画线词所在句子意为:对于捐献者来说,那可能会有助于减轻消
费者内疚感,故答案为A项(减轻)。
4.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者在最后一段建议人们做什么?根据最后一段尤其是最
后一句(所以下次你需要扔掉一些东西的时候,想想慈善商店——毕竟,慈善事业从家里开始!)
可知答案为B项(慈善事业从日常生活开始)。
高级词块 1.put away放在一边 2.relieve hardship缓解困难 3.wear and tear磨损
Passage 6
Both fresh and processed foods make up vital parts of the food supply. Processed
food contributes to both food security (quantity) and nutrition safety (quality). Nutrition
and other professional scientists recognize that fresh, local foods cannot meet all
nutritional requirements. Food processing is necessary.
Although nutritional security and food security both depend on food processing, in
recent years there has been great public controversy over the nutritional contribution that
they make to our diets.
If enrichment were not present, large percentages of the population would have had
inadequate vitamins and trace elements(微量元素)in their diets. Thus, processed foods are
nutritionally important to our diets. How, then, do we increase the contribution of
processed food to nutritional security and food security?
Rather than limiting processed foods in the diet, it may be more productive to
encourage the best available food options, namely, those that provide fewer elements to
limit and more nutrients to encourage for the calories consumed.
One disadvantage of commercial food processing techniques is that they are poorly
understood.Commercial food processing involves techniques that are difficult for the
general public to grasp and that are out of their control, thus introducing a lack of
transparency(透明)and leading to suspicion and concerns about safety in some individuals.
In addition, concerns about the nutritional content and other aspects of the production
of processed food have caused criticisms of processed foods as “over-processed” and
not compatible(兼容的)with good nutrition. However, the type and extent of processing do
not necessarily relate to nutritional content of the product.
1.What causes disagreement over food processing?
A.Food quality. B.Food options.
C.Food quantity. D.Food supplies.
2.What does the underlined word “suspicion” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Excitement. B.Satisfaction.
C.Depression. D.Doubt.
3.What does the writer think of food processing?
A.It has a positive influence on people's diets.
B.It should be increased significantly.
C.It would require further investigation.
D.It offers people unnecessary extra nutrition.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文章主
要讲述了加工食品是食品供应的重要组成部分,有助于食物安全和保证营养。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知,虽然营养安全和食品安全都取决于食品加工,但近
年来,它们对饮食的营养贡献引起了巨大的公众争议。所以,加工食品的质量导致了对加工过
程的争议。故选A。
2.D 猜测词义题。根据文章第五段可知,商业食品加工所涉及的技术,一般公众难以理解,他
们也无法控制,因此缺乏透明度,导致一些人对于安全的担心。画线词和and后的concerns是
并列关系。故选D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的However, the type and extent of processing do
not necessarily relate to nutritional content of the product.可知,加工的种类和程度并不一定
与产品的营养成分有关。再结合文章整体可推断,作者认为食品加工对人们的饮食有积极的
影响。故选A。
Passage 7
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed life as we knew it just a few weeks ago.
Millions of people worldwide are now under required or voluntary lockdowns. All public
attractions, including museums and aquariums, are closed, and the usually crowded streets
of popular tourist destinations are empty. An unexpected silver lining during these
challenging times for humans is that many animals are finally getting a chance to leave
their normal habitats and move about freely.
The first animals to take advantage of human absence were Annie and Edward, two
penguins who live at Chicago's Shedd Aquarium. A video released on March 15, 2020,
showed the couple eagerly duckwalking around, exploring the aquarium's various
exhibits.The video, which instantly became popular, inspired other institutions to share
short videos of their four-legged creatures playing as well.
The Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio joined the fun trend on March 16, 2020, with a “Home
Safari” live-stream series—the first starring its adorable baby panda, Fiona. “Let us help
make your children's hiatus from school fun and educational,” zoo officials announced.
“Join us for a Home Safari Online Live each weekday at 3 p.m., where we will
highlight one of our amazing animals and include an activity you can do from home.”
Meanwhile, the San Diego Safari Park has kept its webcams(网络摄像头)rolling,
allowing fans to enjoy lovable animals without leaving home. Animals in the wild are
also lively as humans stay indoors. The absence of cruise ships is bringing large numbers
of dolphins to a port in Cagliari, while groups of wild turkeys are happily walking on the
streets of Oakland.
Though the animals indeed appear to be having a good time, the heartwarming videos
and images shared on social media, are also bringing much-needed cheer to millions of
humans worldwide. Stay strong and healthy! We are all in this together!
1.What changes has the COVID-19 pandemic caused to the zoo animals?
A.They are now under required or voluntary lockdowns.
B.They can enjoy a free life without tourists' disturbance.
C.They will be faced with unexpected existing challenges.
D.They get a chance to wander about freely in the wild.
2.What does the underlined word “hiatus” in Paragraph 3 mean?
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A.Courses. B.Sightseeing.
C.Activities. D.Interruption.
3.Why has the San Diego Safari Park kept its webcams rolling?
A.To enable people to admire animals at home.
B.To film the animals wandering about in the zoo.
C.To compete for more viewers online.
D.To record people's life in the COVID-19 crisis.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.The Pandemic Affects the World
B.Lovely Animals Bring Fun to People
C.Animals Play in the Absence of Humans
D.Stay Strong and Healthy in the Pandemic
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文章介
绍了因为疫情缘故,人们无法出门,动物们开始了自由的狂欢。与此同时,各家动物园提供线
上节目使得人们在家也能欣赏动物。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,在人类面临挑战的时期,一个意想不到的好消息是,许多
动物终于有机会离开它们平常的栖息地,自由活动。所以,新冠肺炎期间,景点的关闭使得动
物们能自由活动,没有游客的干扰。故选B。
2.D 猜测词义题。根据第三段中的where we will highlight one of our amazing animals
and include an activity you can do from home可知,线上节目使孩子们从学习中暂时脱离
出来。所以hiatus为“间断,脱离”之意。故选D。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的allowing fans to enjoy lovable animals without leaving
home可知,应选A。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据全文可知,文章主要讲述了动物因为人们不能出门所得到的乐趣。
故选C。
Passage 8
Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also
live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become
too much? With new crazes all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a carpet
as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?
“Oversharing” has become associated with social media, but it isn't exclusive to
this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet someone. Within five minutes they
have revealed private details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these
people, according to marriage advisor Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come
from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social
media?
Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology (网络心理学),says the more
details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. It seems that
searching for sympathy by oversharing is generally considered as negative rather than the
cry for help it could really be.
However, Dr. Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a
platform, the more socially attractive we become—provided that the posts that we bang
out are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD said that we should avoid
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complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off, especially
about our love lives. It makes sense—if your date is going “that well”, would you
really have time to share a photo with text?
So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in
real life? They would probably be happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or
your complaints about your lack of money really are too much.
1.What does the underlined word “exclusive” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Unique. B.Similar.
C.Relevant. D.Fundamental.
2.Why do some people prefer oversharing at parties?
A.To draw others' attention.
B.To satisfy others' curiosity.
C.To remove negative feelings.
D.To develop good relationships.
3.Which of the following may Dr. Hand agree with?
A.Sharing more details online can attract more sympathy.
B.Oversharing negative experiences is equal to crying for help.
C.Sharing negative posts can't help one become socially attractive.
D.Oversharing isn't likely to happen online when things go wrong.
4.According to the text, what should be avoided for online sharing?
A.Reflecting on past bad manners.
B.Showing a great many expensive goods.
C.Writing a recipe for a balanced breakfast.
D.Recording unforgettable moments with friends.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文章议
论了社交媒体上的过度分享现象。
1.A 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的“Oversharing” has become associated with
social media可知,“过度分享”已经和社交媒体联系在一起了,下文又说,想象一下你去参加
一个聚会,遇到了某个人。不到五分钟,他们就透露了自己生活的私人细节。由此可知,“过
度分享”并不是这个平台独有的。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知,这种过度分享的形式可能来自与某人联系的强烈
愿望。所以,有些人喜欢在聚会上过度分享是为了发展良好的关系。故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知,Hand博士的研究似乎也表明,我们在平台上发布的
帖子越多,我们的社交吸引力就越大,前提是我们发布的帖子都是积极的。由此可推断,分享
负面帖子并不能帮助一个人在社交上变得有吸引力。故选C。
4.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知,我们应该避免在网上抱怨。我们也应该避免炫耀,
尤其是在我们的爱情生活上。由此可推断,展示许多昂贵的商品属于炫耀,应该避免。故选
B。
Passage 9
Forget smartphones and smart glasses. One day, we might have smart tattoos(文身).
The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin. The
device would look like a pair of tattoos on your palm and the side of your thumb, but it
would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. It would draw
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power from your body's energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, monitor your
health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality. UnderSkin is just
an idea—you can't go out and get one—but the technology exists to make it work. “We
assume it is about five years from being real,” says designer Gadi Amit.
The writer and technology entrepreneur Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a
radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag (标签) implanted in his hand. “I use it to log
into my computer. I also use it to share contact details with people,” he says. The chip
is about the size of a grain of rice and responds to radio signals with a unique
identification number.
If a computerized tattoo or embedded tag isn't crazy enough for you, what about a
brain chip? The company Intel is working on technology that would let you control your
devices with your mind. Dean Pomerleau, one of the researchers, explains, “We're trying
to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves...Imagine being able to surf the
Web with the power of your thoughts.”
Do you think embedded chips sound cool or creepy? Some doctors are concerned
about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical
procedures are meant to heal sick people and not to give healthy people special powers.
Others worry about hacking and privacy. Could someone hack in and steal your identity,
or even control your mind? On a more philosophical level, if you have a computer inside
your body, are you still a human? Or are you a cyborg (半机械人)?
What do you think—would you want a computer under your skin?
1.What can we learn about UnderSkin according to the passage?
A.It is a pair of tattoos on your palm.
B.It may come into being in five years.
C.It is able to respond to radio signals.
D.It can be charged through a computer.
2.Amal Graffstra is mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show .
A.there exists the technology to produce UnderSkin
B.Amal Graffstra can have access to advanced products
C.the RFID tag is quite useful for people in life
D.people tend to share contact details with people
3.What does the underlined word “creepy” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Amazing. B.Attractive. C.Horrible. D.Useless.
4.What's the author's attitude towards the implanted computer?
A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学发展与信息技术创
新。文章主要介绍了芯片植入技术,同时引述了人们对它的看法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的We assume it is about five years from being real可知,
B项表述最相符。故选B。
2.A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的but the technology exists to make it work和第二段
的 Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency identification(RFID) tag
implanted in his hand可知,A项表述最相符,故选A。
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3.C 猜测词义题。根据第四段第一句话中的 cool or creepy,基本可以将答案锁定在C、D
两个选项上。再根据下文中的concerned,hurting,worry等字眼可知,应选C。
4.C 推理判断题。positive积极的;negative消极的;objective客观的;indifferent漠不关心的。
根据文章,作者没有发表任何观点,只是陈述事实,文章最后一段中,也只是引用别人的观点。
因此,作者是客观的态度。故选C。
Passage 10
Our brain doesn't know how to be happy, or even content. It simply lacks the genetic
instructions to carry out that task. It knows how to do a million other less important
things, from writing a letter to maintaining our balance; from appreciating the music of
Bach to smelling a rose, but if you ask the brain to be happy, it simply doesn't know
how to respond.
This is because the genetic code is only concerned with survival and reproduction,
which happiness does not necessarily have anything to do with, and therefore belongs in a
different realm(范围). Nature doesn't want us to always feel content and satisfied, let alone
happy, as this would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.
Happiness, as the Brazilian poet Vinicius de Moraes put it, is “like a feather flying
in the air. It flies light, but not for very long”. It is so elusive that it has also been
compared to a butterfly, which “when pursued, is always just beyond your grasp, but
which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you”, according to 19th-century
American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne. In any case, what is clear is that happiness is, at
best, fleeting (飞逝的) and inconstant.
In this blog, we will look at the myth of happiness from many perspectives and, in
the process, we will touch on topics such as happy personalities, the unhappy workings of
the brain, evolution, dreams, and even fairy tales. I explore all these issues in detail in
my book, which shares its title with this blog. Happiness is a crucial concept. We spend
all of our lives pursuing it, so it deserves a very careful analysis.
We are determined by our biological design to experience mixed and messy emotions.
But the silver lining is the knowledge that having difficult emotions doesn't represent a
personal failure. The inevitable unhappiness that we all suffer from time to time is not a
shortcoming that demands urgent repair. Far from it. This unhappiness is, in fact, what
makes us humans.
1.Why does our brain lack the genetic instructions to be happy?
A.Because being happy is less important than appreciating and creating art.
B.Because happiness has little to do with the continuation of a species.
C.Because we tend to be more aware of the threats when we are unhappy.
D.Because feeling good isn't one of our concerns in living a life.
2.What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A.Difficult to achieve. B.Easy to expose.
C.Unable to explain. D.Likely to remain.
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A.We should make happiness our top concern no matter what.
B.Negative emotions always require immediate attention.
C.Social failures are more likely to be troubled by negative feelings.
D.We should accept difficult emotions as a natural part of life.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为认识自我。文章介绍了
我们大脑不知道怎么感到幸福并分析了其背后的原因,也引述了一些人的看法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 This is because the genetic code is only concerned
with survival and reproduction, which happiness does not necessarily have anything to do
with, and therefore belongs in a different realm.可知,幸福与物种的延续没有多大关系。故
选B。
2.A 猜测词义题。第三段将幸福比作任性的蝴蝶来调侃它的飘忽不定,它被追逐,却总是不
在你的掌控中,但是如果你悄悄地坐下,它会降落在你身上。由此可知,幸福是很难得到的。
故选A。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的 But the silver lining is the knowledge that
having difficult emotions doesn't represent a personal failure.以及 This unhappiness is, in
fact, what makes us humans.可知,我们应该接受艰难的情绪作为生活的一部分。故选D。
Passage 11
Renewable energy projects, including onshore and offshore wind and solar farms, have
so far been subsidized (资助) by government support schemes.This has led to some to
complain that clean energy is pushing up bills.
However, the most recently approved offshore wind projects will most likely operate
with ‘negative subsidies’—paying money back to the government.The money will go
towards reducing household energy bills as the offshore wind farms start producing power
in the mid-2020s.
This is the conclusion of an analysis by an international team led by Imperial
College London researchers published today in Nature Energy.
Lead researcher Dr Malte Jansen, from the Centre for Environmental Policy at
Imperial, said:“Offshore wind power will soon be so cheap to produce that it will
undercut fossil-fueled power stations and may be the cheapest form of energy for the
UK.Energy subsidies used to push up energy bills, but within a few years cheap
renewable energy will see them brought down for the first time.This is an astonishing
development.”
The analysis for five countries in Europe, including the UK, focused on a series of
government auctions ( 拍 卖 ) for offshore wind farms between February 2015 and
September 2019.Companies that want to build wind farms bid in the auctions by stating
the price at which they will sell the energy they produce to the government.
These are known as ‘contracts for differences’ or CFDs.If a company's bid is
higher than the wholesale electricity price on the UK market once the wind farm is up
and running, then the company will receive a subsidy from the government to top up the
price.
However, if the stated price (规定价格) is less than the wholesale price, then the
company will pay the government back the difference.This payback is then passed through
to consumer's energy bills, reducing the amount that homes and businesses will pay for
electricity.
The winning companies said they could build new offshore wind farms for around 40
per megawatt hour (MWh) of power.This was a new record set by these wind farms with
bids 30 percent lower than just two years earlier.
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1.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Offshore wind farms to be built in the UK could reduce household energy bills by
producing electricity very cheaply.
B.Offshore wind farms will not be subsidized by the government in the near future.
C.The importance of CFDs.
D.The operation of negative subsidies.
2.According to Paragraph 2, offshore wind farms .
A.will stop producing power in the mid-2020s
B.are paying money back to the government
C.will help reduce household energy bills
D.will all operate with ‘negative subsidies’
3.The underlined words “top up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean .
A.make up B.take up
C.cover D.fill up
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The renewable energy projects will lead to some to complain that clean energy is
pushing up bills.
B.The company whose bid is less than the wholesale electricity price will receive a
subsidy.
C.The stated electricity price is now higher than the wholesale electricity price.
D.Fossil-fueled power will be soon produced cheaply.
5.What is the author's attitude towards the offshore wind farms?
A.Curious. B.Pessimistic.
C.Indifferent. D.Optimistic.
6.Where does this text probably come from?
A.A science fiction.
B.A financial magazine.
C.An advertisement.
D.A science report.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为人类生存、社会发
展与环境的关系。本文介绍了英国的可再生能源工程,包括陆上和海上风能和太阳能发电场,
工程有可能在不远的将来减少家庭能源账单。
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1.A 主旨要义题。根据第二段内容可知,获得批准的海上风电项目很有可能在负补贴的情
况下运营——将资金返还给政府。随着海上风力发电场在本世纪20年代中期开始发电,这
笔钱将用于减少家庭能源账单,故选A(将在英国建造的海上风力发电场可能以非常低廉的价
格发电,从而降低家庭能源账单)。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知海上风力发电场的建立将会减少家庭能源账单,故
选C。
3.A 猜测词义题。根据第六段中的 the company will receive a subsidy from the
government to top up the price(公司将从政府获得一笔补贴,以弥补差价)可知top up在这里
是弥补的意思,故选A。
4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句 However, if the stated price is less than the
wholesale price, then the company will pay the government back the difference.(但是,如果
规定的价格低于批发电价,那么公司将退还政府差价。)可知目前批发电价高于规定价格,故
选C。
5.D 推理判断题。从第四段中的This is an astonishing development.(这是一个惊人的发
展。)以及文章最后一句 This was a new record set by these wind farms with bids 30
percent lower than just two years earlier.(这是这些风力发电场创下的新纪录,投标价格比仅
仅两年前低了30%。)可知作者对待海上风力发电场的态度是乐观的,故选D。
6.B 推理判断题。因为本文讨论的是海上风力发电和家庭经济负担的关系,故选B(一本财
经杂志)。 而一份科学报告(A science report)是要有具体实验数据支持的,故排除D。
Passage 12
My doctor took me for a walk around the farm where she live. I was physically and
emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression.
The place was full of life.There were insects, horses, rabbits and a cat.She told me to
focus on my body in the environment.
When I was ill I tended to retreat into my mind and disconnect from here and
now.So, when I met a horse named Fira, I expected nothing.
As I got closer to Fira, she nuzzled(摩擦) her nose into my chest, putting a gentle
pressure over my heart.Something happened inside me:I felt as if I had reached a
wellspring (源泉) of past hurts, fears and failings.I began to melt emotionally.
I patted Fira's nose and breathed in her smell.I found I didn't have to concentrate on
feeling better;Fira helped me feel loved and safe.
I worked with Fira often, learning basic communication and leading methods to work
together with her.Initially, I wasn't sure exactly what one would do with a horse except
riding it.But I knew that Fira had touched me in an uncommon way and had made me
feel better.She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it
back to me in an open, affectionate way.
In my meetings with Fira, I found that I lost my usual self-consciousness and I
would focus entirely on communicating.
I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this
moment, in this place.I learned to forget the past, with all its hurts.I learned to forget the
future, which hasn't happened yet.When you stand beside a horse, you exist completely in
the moment.
“With Fira by my side, I saw into a life in which trust comes first, and compassion
follows.” I found deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power of
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intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right.I felt inner quiet and
even joy.My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my
soul.
1.What do we know about the author from the first three paragraphs?
A.She often lost consciousness.
B.She loves animals very much.
C.She suffered from mental illness.
D.She went to a doctor with high hopes.
2.When the author first met Fira, she .
A.was deeply touched by its reaction
B.had already recovered from her pain
C.was curious about what would happen
D.didn't have any interest in keeping a pet
3.What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Get out of trouble.
B.Keep away from others.
C.Lift up my spirits.
D.Make up my mind.
4.When the author and Fira worked together, .
A.the author had to try hard to feel better
B.Fira helped the author focus on her thoughts
C.the author recalled her past hurts, fears and failings
D.Fira understood the author's emotions and reacted positively
5.What did the author learn during her time with Fira?
A.It is important to make every day count.
B.One shouldn't be affected by emotions.
C.One should learn lessons from the past.
D.It is essential to show sympathy for others.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为认识自我,丰富自我,
完善自我。本文介绍了作者通过和一匹马相处克服了自己的焦虑和压力。
1.C 推理判断题。从第一段中的 I was physically and emotionally exhausted and
discouraged by anxiety and depression.(焦虑和抑郁使我身心俱疲,灰心丧气。)和第三段中的
When I was ill...(当我生病的时候……)可以得知作者有焦虑和抑郁等精神疾病。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的As I got closer to Fira, she nuzzled her nose into my
chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart.Something happened inside me(当我走近菲
拉时,它用鼻子摩擦我的胸口,轻轻地压在我的心脏上。我的内心发生了一些变化)可知选
A。
3.B 猜测词义题。根据第三段中的When I was ill I tended to retreat into my mind and
disconnect from here and now.(当我生病的时候,我倾向于隐退到我的思想中,脱离此时此
地。)可知选B。get out of trouble摆脱困境;keep away from others远离他人;lift up my
spirits振奋我的精神;make up my mind下定我的决心。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句中的 responding to my emotional state 以及
reflecting it back to me 可知选D(菲拉理解了作者的情绪,并做出了积极的反应)。
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5.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句I learned to live in the present, to focus on
what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place.(我学会了活在当下,关注这一天、
这一刻、这个地方发生的事情。)可知选A(让每一天都有意义是很重要的)。
难句分析 原句:I found deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power
of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right.
分析:此句中,by using...作方式状语。
译文:我在引导它走一条小路的过程中,通过用我自己的意愿的力量来指示是开始、停止、
向左还是向右找到了深深的平静。
Passage 13
The story of a voyage bearing witness to plastic pollution in the oceans, Junk Raft,
based on facts, is an exciting book.Science educator and researcher Marcus Eriksen's
navigational feat (航海壮举) is holding readers' attention and interest—88 days crossing
some 4,000 kilometers of the open ocean, on a raft (筏) made of 15,000 plastic bottles
wrapped in fishing nets.But it is more.Two equally fascinating story lines are made up
through the written records of a series of events:Eriksen's evolution from soldier to
research director of the environmental non-profit 5 Gyres Institute, and the journey we all
need to take towards a more sustainable use of plastics.
Around 15% of all the litter in our ocean is plastic, and a calculated 5 million tons
of plastic waste enter the seas annually.Unavoidably, it is now present at the sea surface
and on shorelines, in Arctic seas and on the sea bed at depths of 3,500 metres.Around
700 sea species are known to come into contact with pieces of waste plastic material—
and can be harmed or killed by taking in it or becoming twisted and caught in it.
This environmental challenge has attracted increasing scientific, media and societal
attention in recent years, yet few accounts have conveyed the wider picture accessibly—
Junk Raft does just this—while exposing our frustratingly slow progress on an issue of
major importance to fisheries, tourism and, finally, the health of the world's oceans.
Eriksen lists the issues associated with the accumulation of sea plastic:the causes,
consequences and potential solutions.Our single use culture is the main offender.For more
than 60 years, society and industry have been producing more and more throwaway items'
particularly packaging.Eriksen takes the crisis into consideration together with a timeline of
scientific discoveries and advancement since the 1970s.Eriksen believes that the troubles of
industry and policy involvement is because people lack correct consciousness of the
problem.
We are brought back to the realities of life aboard the raft, with Eriksen's fellow
sailor Joel Paschal.This is both fascinating and eventful, from their slow, occasionally very
dangerous progress to the moments when it seems the raft will break up into pieces,
littering the ocean with the waste material Eriksen is trying so hard to fight against.
Junk Raft is filled with adventure, romance, a sense of optimism and important truths
that will be needed by the thousands of groups.It serves as a reflection of the choices and
journeys that each of us makes and helps us understand how plastic in the oceans is
closely connected with the future of human life.
1.What makes the book Junk Raft attractive to readers?
A.Eriksen's fellow sailor Joel Paschal.
B.Efforts made to put an end to the use of plastics.
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C.Eriksen's adventures on the plastic ocean on a raft.
D.Eriksen's soldierly service and environmental study.
2.What has raised people's concern according to the passage?
A.More rubbish being poured into the ocean.
B.Plastics accumulating in rare species of fish.
C.Many species in the oceans suffering from shock.
D.The waters of the ocean being polluted by plastics.
3.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Making accounts accessible.
B.Listing the environmental issues.
C.Taking pollution into account.
D.Facing the environmental challenge.
4.What is the main reason for sea plastic pollution?
A.The overuse of household items.
B.The wasteful throwaway culture.
C.The production of more materials.
D.The failure to find potential solutions.
5.According to the passage, the trouble of industry and policy engagement is that .
A.the current policy is yet to be further perfected
B.people turn a blind eye to the plastics industry
C.people lack correct awareness of the problem
D.the market need for plastics is enlarging on land
6.What is the author's attitude toward Eriksen's work?
A.Cautious. B.Ambiguous. C.Doubtful. D.Appreciative.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为人类生存、社会发
展与环境的关系。本文介绍了一本书,书中描述了一个见证海洋塑料污染的航行故事。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中 Science educator and researcher Marcus Eriksen's
navigational feat is holding readers' attention and interest—88 days crossing some 4,000
kilometers of the open ocean, on a raft made of 15,000 plastic bottles wrapped in fishing
nets.(科学教育家兼研究员马库斯·埃里克森的航海壮举引起了读者的注意和兴趣——他乘坐
由15,000个被渔网包住的塑料瓶制成的筏子,历时88天,横渡了约4,000公里的广阔的大
海。)可知答案选C。
2.D 推理判断题。这本书主要讲述了海洋中的塑料污染情况,故答案选D。
3.A 猜测词义题。在本段中this指代的是前文提到的内容have conveyed the wider picture
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accessibly,故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中Our single use culture is the main offender.(我们的一次
性文化是罪魁祸首。)可知答案选B(铺张浪费的一次性文化)。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句话Eriksen believes that the trouble of industry and
policy involvement is because people lack correct consciousness of the problem.(埃里克森
认为,行业和政策介入的麻烦在于人们缺乏对问题的正确认识。)可知答案选C。
6.D 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段的描述Junk Raft is filled with adventure, romance,
... is closely connected with the future of human life.可知作者是非常欣赏这本书的。故答
案选D。cautious谨慎的;ambiguous模棱两可的;doubtful怀疑的;appreciative欣赏的。
难句分析 原句:It serves as a reflection of the choices and journeys that each of us
makes and helps us understand how plastic in the oceans is closely connected with the
future of human life.
分析:本句中that引导定语从句,先行词为a reflection。how引导宾语从句。
译文:它反映了我们每个人的选择和旅程,并帮助我们理解海洋中的塑料与人类的未来生
活是如何紧密相连的。
Passage 14
At a large forest park in eastern Beijing, 11 birds on the state-level protection list
were recently released.
These birds had recovered after the Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center
rescued and took care of them.“We will speed up our efforts to push the establishment
of district-level wildlife rescue centers to jointly guard the health of wildlife,” said Du
Lianhai, director of the center.
The center was set up in 2001 and built a wildlife rescue base in the capital's
Shunyi District in 2005.Staff at the base have rescued and rehabilitated over 30,000 wild
animals in total.
Wildlife protection has been strengthened in Beijing in recent years.On June 1st, the
city's newly adopted regulation on wildlife protection took effect, introducing stricter and
more concrete measures to protect the environment and wildlife.
For example, the regulation states clearly that Beijing bans hunting throughout the
year, compared with the previous regulation which bans hunting during the periods of
March to May and September to November each year.The new regulation also gives
severer punishment for poachers.
After years of monitoring, data with the Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau
recently showed ecological reconstruction progress.The species and quantity of wild
animals in Beijing are continuously increasing, with the number of terrestrial spinal wild
animals (陆地脊椎野生动物) growing from 461 species in 1994 to more than 500.The
habitat of the endangered bird has expanded from Fangshan District to the whole city,
according to the bureau.
“The enforcement of the new regulation marked a new phase in Beijing's wildlife
protection work,” said Dai Mingchao, deputy director of the Beijing Gardening and
Greening Bureau.
“We will step up the publicity of the regulation and raise citizens' awareness of
wildlife protection,” Dai said.“In our integrated protection of mountains, rivers, forests,
farmlands, lakes and grasslands, we take into full consideration the requirements of food-
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chain construction, ecological corridor construction, and wildlife and their habitat
protection.”
1.In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to .
A.introduce the topic B.present an argument
C.reach a conclusion D.describe a place
2.What have the staff at the wildlife rescue base done?
A.They have sped up their efforts to help the birds recover.
B.They have guarded people's health against danger.
C.They have saved wild animals from a dangerous situation.
D.They have pushed the establishment of district-level wildlife rescue centers.
3.What does the underlined word “concrete” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Practical. B.Temporary. C.Effective. D.Specific.
4.What do we know about the new regulation?
A.It is mainly targeted at poachers.
B.It is the first such regulation in Beijing.
C.It takes many years to come into being.
D.It prohibits people from hunting in Beijing all the year.
5.What can we learn from Paragraphs 7 and 8?
A.Beijing citizens are still not familiar with the new regulation.
B.After taking the new regulation, Beijing will enter a new phase.
C.They rarely give full consideration to the requirements of food-chain construction.
D.The protection of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands are not in
the new regulation yet.
6.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.How to protect wild animals in Beijing
B.Beijing steps up wildlife protection with new regulation
C.More district-level wildlife rescue centers established in Beijing
D.Wildlife protection has been strengthened in Beijing
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为对野生动物的保
护。本文介绍了北京为加强对野生动物的保护,通过了新的《野生动物保护条例》。
1.A 推理判断题。根据下文可知第一段的写作目的是引出后面对新的《野生动物保护条
例》的介绍,故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Staff at the base have rescued and rehabilitated over
30,000 wild animals in total.(该基地的工作人员总共解救和护理好了3万多只野生动物。)
可知答案选C。
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3.D 猜测词义题。第五段对上一段中的“stricter and more concrete measures”进行了举
例说明,根据第五段可知,这些措施更具体、更严格了。故选D,详细的。practical实际的,实用
的;temporary暂时的;effective有效的。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话可知,该条例全年禁止在北京打猎。故选D。
5.A 推理判断题。第八段第一句中We will step up the publicity of the regulation and
raise citizens' awareness of wildlife protection(我们将加大对这个条例的宣传力度,提高公民
保护野生动物的意识)可知新条例还有待宣传,广大市民还不熟悉条例内容。故选A。
6.B 主旨要义题。根据文章主要内容,可知文章的目的是介绍和推广新的《野生动物保护
条例》。故选B(北京出台新规定,加大野生动物保护力度)。
Passage 15
A small, white envelope stuck among the branches of our Christmas tree and it has
been there for ten years or so.
It all began because my husband Justin hated Christmas—oh, not the true meaning of
Christmas.Overspending was one thing, but compared to the difficult experience of
choosing gifts—running around at the last minute to get a tie for Uncle Harry and a pair
of gloves for Grandma..., spending money is nothing.
I felt too tired to think of any special gifts.Knowing Justin felt the same way, I
decided one year not to buy the usual shirts, sweaters, ties and so on.I reached for
something special just for Justin.The inspiration came in an unusual way.
Our son Kevin, who was 12 that year, was wrestling at the junior level at the school
he attended;and shortly before Christmas, there was a match against a team sponsored by
an inner-city church.These youngsters, dressed in such worn-out shoes that shoe strings
seemed to be the only thing holding them together, while our boys were in their blue and
gold uniforms and new wrestling shoes.
As the match began, I was shocked to see that the other team were wrestling without
wearing helmets to protect their heads.Well, our boys ended up defeating them.We took
every weight class.
Justin, seated beside me, shook his head sadly, “I wish just one of them could have
won,” he said. “They have a lot of potential, but losing like this could take the heart
out of them.” Justin loved kids—all kids, and he knew them, having coached football
and baseball.That's when the idea for his present came.That afternoon, I went to a local
sporting goods store and bought different kinds of wrestling helmets and shoes.I sent them
to the inner-city church without leaving my name.
On Christmas Eve, I placed the envelope on the tree, the note inside telling Justin
what I had done and that was his gift from me.His smile was the brightest thing about
Christmas that year and since then the envelope has become the highlight of our
Christmas.
1.Justin hated Christmas because .
A.he thought Christmas makes no sense
B.he had a hard time choosing gifts
C.he spent too much money buying gifts
D.he disliked putting gifts under the Christmas tree
2.We know from the passage that the team sponsored by inner-city church .
A.were well dressed
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B.paid no attention to safety
C.feared Kevin's team
D.couldn't afford helmets
3.Justin felt sad mainly because the youngsters in the other team .
A.didn't wear any helmets
B.were dressed in worn-out shoes
C.may lose confidence completely
D.failed in the match against his son
4.The underlined word in the last paragraph refers to .
A.what the writer had done
B.the envelope on the tree
C.the note inside the envelope
D.the gifts the writer sent to church
5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.A Church Gift B.A Special Note
C.A White Envelope D.A Christmas Card
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为家庭生活。本文讲
述了作者为丈夫精心准备一份特殊圣诞节礼物的故事。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知贾斯廷讨厌的是选择礼物的过程。故选B项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中As the match began, I was shocked to see that the
other team were wrestling without wearing helmets to protect their heads.(比赛开始后,我震
惊地看到另一支队伍在摔跤时没有戴头盔保护头部。)和下文可知这支队伍没有钱买头盔,故
选D项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第六段中 They have a lot of potential, but losing like this
could take the heart out of them.(他们很有潜力,但是像这样输掉比赛会让他们失去信心
的。)可知选C。
4.A 猜测词义题。最后一段第一句中that指代前面的what I had done。故答案选A。
5.C 主旨要义题。这篇文章讲述了作者为丈夫准备的特殊礼物,并把礼物放到了一个白色
信封里,挂在了圣诞树上。故选C。
难句分析 原句:These youngsters, dressed in such worn-out shoes that shoe strings
seemed to be the only thing holding them together, while our boys were in their blue and
gold uniforms and new wrestling shoes.
分析:这句话中dressed in such...作伴随状语,such...that...“如此……以至于……”表示结
果;while“然而”表对比。
译文:这些年轻人穿着破旧的鞋子,似乎只有鞋带把它们连在一起,而我们的男孩们则穿
着金蓝相间的制服和新的摔跤鞋。
Passage 16
Most children look forward to learning to read, a process whereby they learn to
transform what are essentially abstract handwriting on a page into meaningful letters, then
sounds, then words, and then entire sentences and paragraphs.Reading represents a code
(密码):specifically, an alphabetic code.A great number of children are able to break the
code after a year of instruction.For at least one in five children, however, the experience
is very different.
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For them, reading, which seems to come effortlessly for others, appears to be beyond
their grasp.These children, who understand the spoken words and love to listen to stories,
struggle to understand the same words when they are written on a page.They read slowly
and uncertainly, and words that they read correctly in one sentence may be misread in a
following sentence.Reading aloud may be particularly painful.Eventually they grow
frustrated and disappointed.
In the classroom, reading is king;it is essential for academic success.Teachers,
witnessing the gap between good and poor readers widening, may wonder what they or
these children might be doing wrong.Parents, knowing that reading problems have
consequences all across development including into adult life, question themselves, feeling
alternately guilty and angry.
The worst thing parents can do if they suspect that their child has a reading problem
is to do nothing, says neuroscientist (神经科学家) Dr.Sally Shaywitz.Thus, if you observe
the signs, start by speaking to your child's teacher.Shaywitz offers some tips that will help
parents make the most of their meeting with the teacher:
▶Before setting up a meeting, it often helps to list your observations and your
concerns.Parents are often so nervous when speaking to their child's teacher that they
forget why they were worried.The teacher will appreciate having such a list as well.
▶Set up a specific time to speak to your child's teacher; don ' t catch her on the run .
▶Find out how your child is progressing in reading;ask for specifics.Confirm exactly
how their reading progress is being measured.
▶ Ask what reader group your child is in and what level that reader group
represents, and how they compare to others in their class and in their grade.
▶Ask what the teacher predicts for your child's progress by the end of the school
year.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A.Reading an alphabetic code is hard.
B.Most children like to read abstract letters.
C.Some children have difficulties in reading.
D.Few children can understand the code after a year of instruction.
2.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A.Reading is not as easy for some children as it is for others.
B.All the children can understand spoken and written language.
C.Although children with reading difficulty read slowly, they read correctly.
D.The children become frustrated and unhappy because they will have to read aloud.
3.What does Paragraph 4 focus on?
A.The correct way to deal with children's reading difficulties.
B.The importance of observing their child's behavior.
C.Dr. Sally Shaywitz—a famous neuroscientist.
D.The worst thing parents can do when it comes to their child's reading problems.
4.The underlined part “don't catch her on the run” probably means .
A.don't run after her
B.don't talk to her while running
C.don't speak to her while she is busy
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D.don't catch her as she runs away
5.If parents want to meet with their child's teacher, they should .
A.arrange the meeting at the end of the school year
B.ask about their child's reading status at school
C.ask the teacher to take measures to improve their child's reading ability
D.make a list of questions after the meeting
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为个人、家庭、社区
及学校生活。本文说明了一些孩子有读书障碍,作为家长应该如何同老师沟通帮助孩子。
1.C 主旨要义题。第一段主要讲大多数孩子学习阅读时没有问题,而至少五分之一的孩子
却有困难,故选C。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句For them, reading, which seems to come effortlessly
for others, appears to be beyond their grasp.(读书对其他人来说似乎毫不费力,而对他们来
说,却似乎超出了他们的能力范围。)可知A(阅读对一些孩子来说并不像对其他孩子那样容
易。)正确。
3.A 主旨要义题。 由第四段第一句的The worst thing parents can do if they suspect that
their child has a reading problem is to do nothing可知如果父母怀疑他们的孩子有阅读问
题,他们能做的最糟糕的事情就是什么都不做,后文又给家长提了建议,发现孩子有阅读障碍
迹象要和老师沟通,并提出和老师沟通的建议。故选A(正确解决孩子阅读困难的方法)。
4.C 猜测词义题。这句话的前半句是 Set up a specific time to speak to your child's
teacher(安排一个特定的时间和孩子的老师交谈)可知后半句话的意思是不要在老师忙的时候
找老师交谈,故选C。
5.B 推理判断题。根据专家提的建议,家长应该问下老师孩子在学校的阅读状况。故选B。
难句分析 原句:Teachers, witnessing the gap between good and poor readers widening,
may wonder what they or these children might be doing wrong.
分析:witnessing the gap between good and poor readers widening是现在分词短语作
伴随状语,wonder后what引导宾语从句。
译文:老师们看到好的阅读者和差的阅读者之间的差距越来越大,可能会想或许是他们自
己或这些孩子在哪里做错了。
Passage 17
A company called Compass Pools has some good news for height and swimming
enthusiasts.Recently,the company announced their novel design—a first of its kind 360-
degree pool which is set to be placed on a skyscraper in London.The Infinity London will
be the first and only building in the world to include this cutting-edge pool design.The
pool will be laid on top of a 55-story skyscraper and will allow people to float over 200
meters above the London skyline with unobstructed(没有障碍的) views of the city.
The entrance to the pool is hidden.People began to raise questions about how anyone
would get inside the pool.Compass Pools explains,“ Swimmers will access the pool
through a rotating spiral(螺旋形的) staircase based on the door of a submarine,rising from
the pool floor when someone wants to get in or out.”
But that is not the only unique technology of the pool.The designers found a way to
make sure the wind doesn't blow the water down to the streets.They included a built-in
anemometer(风速计) to monitor the wind speed.It is linked to a computer-controlled
building management system which will also take care of the temperature of the water.
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Alex Kemsley promises that this unique pool will surpass everyone's
expectations.“It's quite a strange feeling to swim in the SkyPool at The Shard and have
helicopters flying past at your level but this pool takes it a step further,” he
says.“Putting your goggles(游泳镜) on and with a 360-degree view of London from
220m up,it really will be something else—but it's definitely not one for the acrophobic(恐
高的)!”
While the exact date of the construction is not clear yet,if things go well,it may
begin in 2022.The location has yet to be confirmed too.
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A.The Infinity London is the only building to swim in.
B.Swimmers can enjoy the views of London in the new pool.
C.The pool is located on the first floor of a skyscraper.
D.Compass Pools has built many 360-degree pools in the world.
2.What does the underlined word“that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.How to get a view of London.
B.How to monitor the wind speed.
C.How to get into or out of the pool.
D.How to keep the water in the pool.
3.Who might not be suitable to swim in the new pool?
A.People who enjoy flying.
B.People who lose weight.
C.People who fear heights.
D.People who have poor sight.
4.What can we know about the new pool?
A.It is not certain when people can swim in it.
B.The exact location of the construction is clear.
C.Swimmers can expect its designs easily.
D.It's impossible to monitor the temperature of the water.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。主
要讲述了一家名为Compass Pools的公司宣布了新设计,一个360度的游泳池将要安置在伦
敦的摩天大楼上。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知,游泳的人可以在游泳池里欣赏伦敦的景色,故
选B项。
2.C 猜测词义题。第二段介绍了游泳池的入口,解释了怎样进出游泳池的问题,本句承接上
一段,从而推断出,that指的是“如何进出游泳池”。故选C项。
技巧点拨 做判断代词指代的试题,要根据“代词一般指代上文提到的人、物或事件”的原
则。本题中的that指代上段(即第二段)的内容,对关键信息进行概括即可获得答案。
3.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中but it's definitely not one for the acrophobic(恐高的)
可知,恐高的人不适合在这种游泳池里游泳。故选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 While the exact date of the construction is not clear
yet,if things go well,it may begin in 2022可知,人们什么时候可以在里面游泳还不确定。
故选A项。
Passage 18
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There is an “environmental silver lining” as a result of the coronavirus (冠状病毒)
—carbon emissions have been reduced by more than 4%, many wildlife markets around
the world have been shuttered and air quality in some places has slightly improved, Dave
Ford, founder of the environmental organization SoulBuffalo, says.
But thanks to an increase in pandemic-related, non-recyclable materials such as take-
out plastic containers and masks, 30% more waste has entered our oceans, he notes.
“There're 129 billion facemasks being made every month—you could cover the entire
country of Switzerland with facemasks at the end of this year if trends continue,” he
says. “And a lot of these masks are ending up in the water.” The masks look like
jellyfish—in other words, food—to turtles and other wildlife creatures, thus, attractive to
those animals and then endangering them, he says.
Very little of the plastic we use is actually recyclable. The vast majority of plastic
that has ever been produced—79%—has actually ended up in landfills or being burned,
but not refashioned into new products. Even if the plastics we have can be reused, Ford
says recycling programs across the globe are facing drastic budget cuts.
“ We're starting to see recycling programs shuttered, waste picking communities
operating poorly or actually shutting down. They are the last line of defense between
plastic and the environment,” he says.
Last year, Unilever planned to cut its use of non-recycled plastics by half by 2025.In
an interview, Richard Slater, Unilever's chief research and development officer, said that
plastic packaging is lighter, which means less shipping and therefore fewer dangerous
emissions that cause climate change.
Yes, plastics are lightweight and can cut down on fuel spending. But on the other
hand, plastic waste is being found in every facet of life—even in the deepest ocean.
1.What does “environmental silver lining” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.An environmental organization.
B.The closure of some wildlife markets.
C.The decrease of carbon dioxide emissions.
D.Benefits to the environment from the coronavirus.
2.Why are facemasks appealing to some sea creatures?
A.They resemble the sea creatures' food.
B.They contain certain unique chemicals.
C.Many sea creatures like to chase plastic by nature.
D.There is a continuous shortage of food in the ocean.
3.What can we learn about plastic waste?
A.Most of it is recycled into new products.
B.The majority of it is buried or burned.
C.129 billion facemasks end up in the ocean.
D.There are enough budgets for plastic recycling.
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A.Plastic can cut down fuel spending
B.Recycling programs are shutting down
C.The coronavirus has caused more ocean plastic
D.Solutions to ocean plastic pollution are being explored
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为环境保护。文章介绍
了新冠病毒的出现使得塑料产品使用增多,导致海洋污染增加。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据文章第一段的carbon emissions have been reduced by more than
4%, many wildlife markets around the world have been shuttered and air quality in some
places has slightly improved 可知,新冠病毒的出现给环境带来了一线希望,所以
environmental silver lining指的是新冠病毒对环境的好处。故选D项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的 The masks look like jellyfish—in other words,
food—to turtles and other wildlife creatures, thus, attractive to those animals and then
endangering them可知,有些海洋生物被口罩吸引,是因为它们很像海洋生物的食物。故选A
项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的 The vast majority of plastic that has ever been
produced—79%—has actually ended up in landfills or being burned, but not refashioned
into new products可知,大部分塑料垃圾都被埋了或者烧掉了。故选B项。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段的 But on the other hand, plastic waste is being
found in every facet of life—even in the deepest ocean及全文内容可知,文章介绍了新冠
病毒的出现使得塑料产品使用增多,导致海洋污染增加。故选C项。
Passage 19
There was a time when the major concern with AI safety had been the one evil
superintelligence, reflected in the movie “ The Terminator” . However, the game
“Tacoma” takes a different approach. It assumes that there will be numerous AGI
(artificial general intelligence) in the world and that any AGI, even a safely designed one,
in the wrong hands at the wrong time could cause lives to be lost. That's the future that
a growing number of AI safety experts are worried about.
This is not a new idea. In the book “Engineering a Safer World,” MIT professor
Nancy G. Leveson addresses common misunderstandings about safety-critical systems
engineering: engineering systems whose failure could lead to human loss. Such safety-
critical technologies include aviation, nuclear power, automobiles, heavy chemicals,
biotechnology, and, of course, AGI.
So what can be done?
Technology isn't always the solution. A famous example is the invention of sonic
radars (声波雷达) that were supposed to help ships detect nearby obstacles, but which
only increased the rate of accidents. Why? Captains sailed faster, thinking they could get
away with it thanks to the new safety technology.
Instead of technologies, Leveson's book suggests, we should be making organizational
changes. Additionally, Leveson suggests, among many complicated guidelines, organizations
should be aware that safety guidelines will inevitably become lax over time. As a
consequence, measures should be carried out to prevent potential disasters.
What lessons can we draw from concern with AI safety? The answer may lie in
recent disaster narratives (叙述), which remind us that, especially in times like this, we
shouldn't forget the potential for other disasters. Public awareness really does matter. And
if we're all better at thinking about safety as citizens, maybe we really can prevent
disasters.
1.Why does the author mention “The Terminator” in the first paragraph?
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A.To arouse readers' interest in the film.
B.To introduce the topic of concern with AI safety.
C.To mention the similarity between “The Terminator” and “Tacoma”.
D.To make readers recall the evil superintelligence reflected in the movie.
2.Why did the rate of ship accidents still increase after the invention of sonic radars?
A.Because captains seldom used them.
B.Because the radars failed to work properly.
C.Because captains depended on them too much.
D.Because the ships couldn't detect nearby obstacles.
3.What does the underlined word “lax” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A.Safe. B.Important.
C.Unreliable. D.Unnecessary.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Disaster prevention lessons from AI.
B.Safety problems in modern society.
C.Engineering development in modern days.
D.Future applications of artificial intelligence.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。文章主
要讲述了人们对人工智能安全的担忧。作者提出如果公民都能更好地考虑安全问题,也许我
们真的可以预防灾难。
1.B 推理判断题。根据下文可推断,作者提及《终结者》是为了引入对人工智能安全的担
忧的主题。故选B项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据sonic radars可定位于第四段。根据Captains sailed faster, thinking
they could get away with it thanks to the new safety technology可知,是因为他们过于依
赖新技术使得事故发生更多。故选C项。
3.C 猜测词义题。根据第五段的 As a consequence, measures should be carried out to
prevent potential disasters可逆推,随着时间的推移,安全指南也不再安全可靠。故选C项。
4.A 主旨要义题。根据最后一段的 What lessons can we draw from concern with AI
safety?及全文内容可知,本文主要讲述我们人类在对人工智能安全的担忧中获得的预防灾害
的教训。故选A项。
Passage 20
As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well-known research
institutions and government agencies are focusing new money and attention on an idea:
artificially cooling the planet, in the hope of buying humanity more time to cut
greenhouse gas emissions.
That strategy, called solar climate intervention (干预) or solar geoengineering, involves
reflecting more of the sun's energy back into space — abruptly reducing global
temperatures in a way that imitates the effects of ash clouds caused by volcanic eruptions.
The idea has been considered as a dangerous and fancied solution, one that would
encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels while exposing the planet to unexpected and
potentially threatening side effects.
But as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires,
floods and other disasters, some researchers and policy experts say that concerns about
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geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better understand it, in case the
consequences of climate change become so terrible that the world can't wait for better
solutions.
One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols (气溶胶) into the upper layer of
the atmosphere, where those particles reflect sunlight away from the earth. That process
works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University.
“We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet,” he said in an
interview. What's still unclear, he added, is what happens next. Temperature, MacMartin
said, is an indicator for a lot of climate effects. “What does it do to the strength of
hurricanes?” he asked. “What does it do to agricultural production? What does it do to
the risk of forest fires?”
Another institution will analyze hundreds of simulations of aerosol injection, testing
the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is to look for
a sweet spot : the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events
without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.
1.Why do researchers and government agencies work on cooling the earth?
A.To prevent natural disasters.
B.To win more time to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
C.To imitate volcanic eruptions.
D.To encourage more people to buy fossil fuels.
2.What are researchers worried about in terms of global warming?
A.More volcanoes will erupt.
B.More solar energy will go into space.
C.More disasters will endanger the future of the world.
D.People will keep burning fossil fuels to keep warm.
3.What can be inferred from Douglas' words?
A.He thinks more research remains to be done.
B.He is optimistic about the effect of cooling the earth.
C.He is concerned about the reduction in agricultural production.
D.He disapproves of the practice of solar climate intervention.
4.What does the underlined phrase “a sweet spot” in the last paragraph mean?
A.The rainfall pattern of a region.
B.The modest drop in temperature.
C.The number of extreme weather events.
D.The injection amount of aerosols.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为环境保护。文章主要
讲因为全球气候变化带来各种灾难性的后果,政府和相关研究机构提出的一种应对办法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段的 in the hope of buying humanity more time to cut
greenhouse gas emissions可知,研究者和政府机构给地球降温是为了赢得更多的时间来减少
温室气体的排放。故选B项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段的 some researchers and policy experts say that concerns
about geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better understand it, in
case the consequences of climate change become so terrible that the world can't wait for
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better solutions可知,研究者担心气候变化造成的各种灾难可能会危及世界的未来。故选 C
项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第五段的“What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?” he
asked. “What does it do to agricultural production? What does it do to the risk of forest
fires?”可知,Douglas认为还有很多疑问没有解开,所以还有很多研究有待去做。故选A项。
4.B 猜测词义题。根据 One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot : the
amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing
broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.可知,这里指的是,人工降温
要适度,既可以减少极端天气,又不会给气候造成太大的影响,因此“a sweet spot”指的是适
度的降温。故选B项。
Passage 21
In a large survey of people's first memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a
first memory that is likely to be fictional, according to findings published in Psychological
Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.
Current research indicates that people's earliest memories date from around 3 to 3.5
years of age. However, the study from researchers at City, University of London, the
University of Bradford, and Nottingham Trent University found that 38.6% of 6,641
participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger, with 893 people claiming
memories from age 1 or younger. This was particularly prevalent among middle-aged and
older adults.
As many of these memories dated before the age of 2 and younger, the authors
suggest that these fictional memories are based on remembered fragments(碎片) of early
experience—such as a pram(婴儿车),family relationships and feeling sad—and some facts
or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood which may have been derived from
photographs or family conversations.
“Further details may be unconsciously inferred or added,” added Shazia Akhatr,
first author on the study and Senior Research Associate at the University of Bradford.
“When we looked through the responses from participants we found that a lot of
these first ‘memories’ were frequently related to infancy, and a typical example would
be a memory based around a pram,” explained Martin Conway, Director at the Centre
for Memory and Law at City, University of London and coauthor of the paper.
“For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying
something like ‘Mother and a large green pram’. The person then imagines what it
would have looked like. Over time these fragments then become a memory and often the
person will start to add things in such as a string of toys along the top,” he added.
“Crucially, the person remembering them doesn't know this is fictional,” Conway
noted.In fact when people are told that their memories are false they often don't believe
it. This is partly due to the fact that the systems that allow us to remember things are
very complex, and it's not until we're 5 or 6 that we form adult-like memories due to the
way that the brain develops and due to our maturing understanding of the world.
1.What does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Unique. B.Crazy. C.Common. D.Doubtful.
2.What can be concluded from the study mentioned in the passage?
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A.Some people have clear knowledge about their own infancy.
B.Added details are an important clue to recall the childhood.
C.Most people claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger.
D.Talks between family members influence the earliest memories.
3.How did Martin Conway present his opinion?
A.By making a comparison.
B.By giving examples.
C.By analyzing data.
D.By referring to documents.
4.What's the main idea of the text?
A.Many people's earliest memories may be fictional.
B.People's earliest memories can date back to 2 or younger.
C.Middle-aged and older adults specialize in detailing their first memory.
D.Memories develop due to our maturing understanding of the world.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。一项大
型调查表明,近40%的受调查者反映的最初记忆可能是虚构的。
1.C 猜测词义题。根据上文可知,6641名参与者中有38.6%的人声称拥有2岁或更小时以来
的记忆,893人声称拥有1岁或更小时以来的记忆,结合选项可推断出此处表示“这一现象在
中年的和更年长的成年人中尤为普遍”。故选C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中 these fictional memories are based on remembered
fragments(碎片) of early experience—such as a pram(婴儿车),family relationships and
feeling sad—and some facts or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood which
may have been derived from photographs or family conversations可知,家庭成员之间的对
话会影响最早的记忆。故选D项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知, Martin Conway通过举例来说明自己的观点。故
选B项。
4.A 主旨要义题。通读全文,尤其是第一段的In a large survey of people's first memories,
nearly 40% of participants reported a first memory that is likely to be fictional可知,本文
主要讲研究表明许多人的最初记忆或许是虚构的。故选A项。
Passage 22 词数 481
Because the commercial Internet has been developed with so little regard for privacy,
tech companies have been able to turn personal data into considerable profits, raising
billions of dollars off their ability to collect and sell information about anyone who has
wandered within shouting distance of their software. This week, Google announced a step
in the right direction—but not a huge step, nor one that will stop Google from continuing
to collect immense amounts of personal data.
At issue is how online companies track Internet users as they browse (浏览) from
site to site online, typically through cookies (information that a website leaves in your
computer so that the website will recognize you when you use it again). The most
harmful version, “third-party” cookies, is the web alternative of a company posting
security guards across the Internet to monitor what you do, even when you're on other
companies' sites.
Google declared in a blog post Wednesday that it would no longer use or support
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third-party cookies, nor would it create or use any other technology that tracks individual
users across the web. Given that Google is a main supplier of online advertising
technology, its change will impact far and wide.
That's welcome news, although with huge amounts of warning. As Lee Tien of the
Electronic Frontier Foundation noted, third-party cookies were already on the retreat , with
Apple and other makers of popular Web browsers moving to block them. Meanwhile,
Google, Facebook and other Big Tech companies continue to collect personal information
in large quantities from people who use their sites and services through first-party cookies
and similar techniques.
The concerns about personal data collection are the same whether it's being collected
through first-party or third-party techniques, said Michelle Richardson of the Center for
Democracy and Technology. “Companies may use the information to discriminate among
Internet users, offering different goods, services and even prices to different users.”
Instead of helping advertisers track individuals, Google says, it is improving a
technology that assigns users namelessly to large groups with common interests. That's an
improvement, even though it may be at risk of abuse. But why do any form of tracking
at all? Privacy advocates say pitches can be targeted effectively by basing them on where
the user is at the moment, not where he or she has browsed previously online.
Ultimately, lawmakers are going to have to lay down regulations giving people far
more control over whether and how personal information is used online. Ideally the
federal (联邦政府的) government will set a strong floor under online privacy protections,
but until then it will be up to state lawmakers or voters to act, as this state has done
with its groundbreaking online privacy laws. It's good to see Google move the ball
forward, but there's much farther to go.
1.What does the underlined phrase “on the retreat” in Para. 4 most probably mean?
A.Exposed. B.Removed.
C.Emerging. D.Fading.
2.It can be learned from the declaration that Google .
A.is developing new technologies to stop data collection
B.refuses to work with companies tracking privacy
C.intends to abandon its advertising technologies
D.resolves to stop the use of third-party cookies
3.From the passage we can know that first-party cookies .
A.are still collecting personal information
B.are blocked by big companies like Apple
C.are mainly used by advertising companies
D.are less concerning than third-party cookies
4.What is the writer's attitude towards Google's new move?
A.It is less satisfactory than expected.
B.It needs to be more forceful to be effective.
C.It will accelerate the disappearance of cookies.
D.It has driven lawmakers to make new regulations.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是信息安全。文章指出科技公司利
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用用户的个人信息获利,不尊重用户的个人隐私。作者认为谷歌不再使用第三方cookie(互联
网使用者发给中央服务器信息的计算机文件)的声明虽然是一种进步,但是距离隐私安全还有
很长的路要走。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据画线词后的 with Apple and other makers of popular Web
browsers moving to block them可知,第三方cookie已经在撤退了(on the retreat),fading(逐
渐消失、衰退)与其匹配。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Google declared in a blog post Wednesday that it
would no longer use or support third-party cookies , nor would it create or use any other
technology that tracks individual users across the web .可知,谷歌的声明是在表明停止使用
第三方cookie的决心。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句Meanwhile, Google, Facebook and other Big Tech
companies continue to collect personal information in large quantities from people who
use their sites and services through first-party cookies and similar techniques.可知,第一方
cookie仍然在收集个人信息。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句 Ultimately, lawmakers are going to have to lay
down regulations giving people far more control over whether and how personal
information is used online.可知,谷歌的新举措要想变得更有效,需要更大的力度,这个力度需
要通过制定法规来实现。
Passage 23 词数 425
The Land Under the Sea
Ten thousand years ago, as the last ice age ended, sea level around the world was
far lower than it is today. Much of the land under both the North Sea to the east of
Britain and the English Channel which now separates France and Britain was part of a
huge region of forests and grassy plains. Then the climate gradually became warmer and
the water trapped in large masses of ice was released.
Now the development of advanced sonar (声呐) technology, known as bathymetry, is
making it possible to study this flooded landscape in extraordinary detail. A special echo
(回声) sounder is fixed to the bottom of a survey ship and it makes wide sweeps across
the seabed. While previous technology has only been able to produce two-dimensional
images, bathymetry can now use computers, satellite-positioning equipment and special
software to create accurate and remarkably detailed maps. For the first time, an ancient
riverbed jumps out of the three-dimensional image. The site of prehistoric settlements can
now be pinpointed.
According to expert Linda Andrews, this technological development is of huge
significance. “We now have the ability to map the seabed as accurately as we can map
dry land,” she says.
Once bathymetric techniques have identified sites where people might have built their
homes and villages, divers can be sent down to investigate further. Robot submarines (潜
艇) can also be used, and researchers hope they will find stone tools and wood from
houses as proof of human activity. The idea shared by many people in Britain of their
country as a natural island kingdom will be challenged by the findings:Britain has been
inhabited for about 500,000 years and much of this time it has been linked on and off to
continental Europe. It remains to be seen how far this new awareness is taken on board,
however.
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In fact, the use of bathymetry will not be limited to the study of lost landscapes and
ancient settlements. It will also be vital in finding ships that have been destroyed in
accidents. In addition, commercial applications are a real possibility. Aggregates (骨料) for
the construction industry are becoming increasingly expensive, and bathymetry can be used
to identify suitable sites for digging for this material. Mapping the seabed will also
identify places where rare plants and shellfish are living. Digging at such sites should be
prevented, either to work for a profit or to make deeper waterways for massive container
ships.
1.How does bathymetry work?
A.It has an echo sounder placed on the seabed.
B.It makes use of a number of different devices.
C.It produces two-dimensional images of the sea floor.
D.It bases its calculations on the location of construction sites.
2.What does the underlined word “pinpointed” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Occupied. B.Adjusted.
C.Rebuilt. D.Discovered.
3.The author believes a better understanding of the settlements on the seabed may
.
A.attract investment in the research under the sea
B.inspire people to take an interest in modern technology
C.adapt the attitudes of the British to their country's history
D.receive confirmation of rebuilding ancient man-made objects
4.We can learn that the use of bathymetry will help to .
A.identify new species of plants and animals
B.provide the precise location of sunken ships
C.evaluate the cost of seeking certain resources
D.promote the development of deeper waterways
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为自然科学研究成果。文章主要介
绍了海洋测深技术以及它在确定古代居民点和发现沉没船只方面的作用。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 While previous technology has only been able to
produce two-dimensional images, bathymetry can now use computers , satellite-positioning
equipment and special software to create accurate and remarkably detailed maps.可知,它使
用许多不同的设备。
2.D 猜测词义题。根据第二段画线词所在句前的 For the first time, an ancient riverbed
jumps out of the three-dimensional image.(一个古代的河床第一次通过三维图像呈现出
来。)可知,史前居民点的位置可以被找到(discovered)。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句中的 The idea shared by many people in Britain of
their country as a natural island kingdom will be challenged by the findings 可知,(因为这
些发现)英国人对自己国家历史所持有的态度可能会发生改变。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一、二句In fact, the use of bathymetry will not be
limited to the study of lost landscapes and ancient settlements. It will also be vital in
finding ships that have been destroyed in accidents.可知,海洋测深技术的使用能够提供沉没
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船只的准确位置。
Passage 24 词数 469
Plants, and the insects which rely on them, are the living foundations of our planet.
But these foundations are under stress because we have a tendency to replace fields and
forests with decorative trees and shrubs imported from around the world. Adding to the
problem, our obsession (痴迷) with perfection leads us to use a lot of pesticides (杀虫剂).
These actions are part of the reason global biodiversity is crashing. There are over
three billion fewer wild birds in North America than there were in 1970. Recent research
shows that insect numbers, even in nature reserves, have fallen, and 40 percent of all
insect species may be extinct within a few decades. This is discouraging news; however,
there are actions we can take to help bring at least some species back.
The first step is to redefine our concept of “garden” to include more than just
plants. We need to intentionally share our space, and not just with the birds, bees and
butterflies that visit our flowers, but also with the little insects that may eat a part (very
rarely all) of our plants. Therefore, we must limit pesticide use. It's crucial to support
nature's recovery, and it's much better for everyone:no doctor has ever recommended long-
term exposure to pesticides.
Many drought-tolerant plants brought in from across the planet are being passed off
as eco-friendly. However, mostly they're not. Yes, you're saving water, but these foreign
plants can become disasters when they escape our yards. Helping the environment can be
about more than saving water. Even in drier areas, like the American West, the selection
of attractive native plants to choose from is vast. If dry is your style, there are native
wildflowers, flowering bushes and trees that allow you to save water and nature.
Xeriscapes (节水型园艺) leave many gardeners thirsting for green, and there's an
important alternative that has been largely ignored. For those disenchanted with dry
landscaping, using underappreciated and water-loving native plants to make your garden a
real-life oasis (绿洲) could be lifesaving to wildlife. In nature, this unsung group of native
plants is limited to riparian zones, the narrow belts of green along water bodies, but if
consumers demand them, nurseries will increasingly carry these riparian species, and the
presence of such plants in the garden will provide for many animals including not just
butterflies and their relatives but also colorful birds.
The ideal garden would offer a combination of drought-tolerant native plants and a
few species that need a little more water, providing options for little guests and the bigger
ones that will come to eat them. As more creatures stop by to share our yards, we will
be making nature, and us all, a little healthier.
1.What do we know about insect species?
A.They have an impact on the diversity of plants.
B.They disappear because of lack of nature reserves.
C.They decrease partly due to our pursuit of perfection.
D.They are the reason why we replace fields and forests.
2.The underlined phrase “disenchanted with” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to
.
A.sick of B.addicted to
C.concerned about D.impatient with
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3.The passage mainly talks about .
A.why we need grow native plants in gardens
B.how gardening helps with biodiversity
C.whether we should redefine “garden”
D.what benefits gardening brings
4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
A. B.
C. D.
CP:Central Point P:Point Sp:Sub-point C:Conclusion
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容是自然环境保护。很多人对园艺的
理解就是用从世界各地进口的装饰性树木和灌木取代本地的农田和森林,这一行为使得昆虫
的种类急剧减少,这也是全球生物多样性崩溃的原因之一。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Adding to the problem, our obsession ( 痴迷 ) with
perfection leads us to use a lot of pesticides ( 杀虫剂 ) .(更严重的是,我们对完美的痴迷导致
我们使用了大量的杀虫剂。)以及第二段第一句These actions are part of the reason global
biodiversity is crashing.(这些行动是全球生物多样性崩溃的部分原因。)可知,昆虫种类减少
的一部分原因是人们追求完美。
2.A 猜测词义题。第四段和第五段分别介绍了两个方法,第四段针对节水型园艺推荐使用
本地耐旱植物,而第五段第一句提出节水型园艺让很多园丁渴望绿色,即他们不喜欢用干旱植
物来美化环境,对于这样的人(those disenchanted with dry landscaping),本段提供了另外一个
方法——使用未被充分欣赏和喜爱水的本地植物。
3.B 主旨要义题。根据最后一段内容可知,理想的花园可以为大大小小的昆虫提供觅食选
择,随着更多的生物来到我们的院子里,我们将使大自然和我们所有人变得更加健康。文章主
要谈论的是园艺如何帮助大自然保持其生物多样性。
4.D 篇章结构题。CP:文章第一、二段指出植物以及依赖它们的昆虫是我们星球的生命基
础,但现在的状况并不乐观,指出了造成这种情况的原因,并引出下文的解决措施;P1:第三段提
出了减少农药的使用;P2:第四段提出选用本地耐旱植物;P3:第五段提出使用喜爱水的本地植
物(P1、P2、P3是三个方法,并列关系);C:最后一段进行总结。
Passage 25 词数 423
Albert Einstein's 1915 masterpiece “ The Foundation of the General Theory of
Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it
as such to students. But it probably wouldn't be publishable in a scientific journal today.
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Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and
significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its
first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers
said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have
been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before
he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of
relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.”
No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of
space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two
sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there
are zero citations of previous scientists' work, nor are there any graphics. Those features
might make a paper not even get past the first editors.
A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific
landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are
more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting
instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork.
We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high
school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning
projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of
talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships
(实习) at established laboratories is the norm.
These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth
of modern science. Standardization and the system make it easier to manage the rapid
flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of
unproductive effort goes into jumping through red tape (繁文缛节), and outsiders face
entry barriers at every turn.
Of course, Einstein would have found his way of meeting modern standards and
publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn't have changed, but the paper might not
be the same taste to read.
1.According to Richard Feynman, Einstein's 1915 paper .
A.was a classic in theoretical physics
B.turned out to be comprehensible
C.needed further improvement
D.attracted few professionals
2.What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Unrealistic. B.Irrelevant.
C.Unattractive. D.Imprecise.
3.According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops?
A.The application of research findings.
B.The principle of scientific research.
C.The selection of young talents.
D.The evaluation of laboratories.
4.Which would be the best title for this passage?
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A.What makes Einstein great?
B.Will science be professionalized?
C.Could Einstein get published today?
D.How will modern science make advances?
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是科学精神。文章介绍了爱因斯坦
的《广义相对论的基础》读起来不一样的地方以及它若是在现在可能不会被发表的原因。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中Richard Feynman所写的内容There was a time when the
newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity . I do believe there
might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who
caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the
theory of relativity in some way or other , certainly more than 12 .(……对相对论有了一定理
解的人肯定不止12个)可知,爱因斯坦1915年的论文是可以理解的。
2.B 猜测词义题。根据第四段画线词所在句的前面的 It starts with a leisurely
philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of
known mathematics.(它以慢悠悠的对空间和时间的哲学讨论开启,然后继续用已知的数学进
行阐述。)以及后面的Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists' work, nor are
there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.
(更糟糕的是,以前科学家的工作没有被引用,也没有任何图表。这些特性可能会使一篇论文
甚至无法通过第一任编辑。)可知,爱因斯坦的论文在如今看来是很糟糕的。由此可推知,画
线词所在句指他在论文中用了一半篇幅对哲学和数学两部分的阐述在今天被认为是无关紧
要的(irrelevant)。
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句 A lot of unproductive effort goes into
jumping through red tape(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.(许多
徒劳无益的努力都花在了繁文缛节上,也让新人面临着各处的准入障碍。)可知,作者认为现
代科学的发展影响了年轻人才的选拔。
4.C 主旨要义题。第一段最后一句提出:But it probably wouldn't be publishable in a
scientific journal today.(但它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表。)。全文都在围绕着这个问
题进行论述。
Passage 26 词数 448
Recently the term “climate anxiety” has been used to better describe our growing
concerns about climate change. While there is evidence that climate anxiety can be
identified and reliably measured, what's less clear is how it relates to mental illness.
Mental health providers across the world are noting the presence of climate anxiety in
their patients; however, the degree to which it is influencing mental illness is not yet
clear, though evidence addressing this question is slowly growing.
For years now, mental health clinicians have seen climate anxiety influencing
presentations of mental illness in a variety of ways. Recent studies are starting to look at
links between climate anxiety and mental illness in larger samples to help better
understand the directionality of their relationship. In a U.S. survey of more than 340
people published in 2018, climate concerns were associated with depressive symptoms (症
状 ). Ecological coping, which includes pro-environmental behaviors such as reducing
energy consumption, appeared to be protective against depression, indicating that climate
concerns and the poor coping skills used to address them could be causing depressive
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symptoms.
So who might be more at risk of mental illness secondary to the uncertainties around
climate change? Unsurprisingly, climate anxiety appears higher in individuals with more
concern about environmental issues at baseline and those already experiencing direct
effects of climate change. Climatologists also face increased risk given their in-depth
knowledge on the issue coupled with the upsetting task of trying to convey it to
individuals and governments that often deny or downplay it. People with high levels of
neuroticism, a personality trait that increases susceptibility to mental illness, are also likely
to be at high risk.
Some individuals report adaptive responses to climate anxiety like adopting pro-
environmental behaviors and participating in collective action, while others are unable to
respond behaviorally at all. It's not yet clear how these varying reactions manifest (呈现)
on a population level and how they're influencing humanity's response to climate change.
However, a recent survey of nearly 200 people found that, while climate anxiety was
associated with an emotional response to climate change, it was not correlated with a
behavioral response.
If this is true for humanity as a whole, we must urgently help motivate the anxious
among us. Doing so successfully will require many approaches, such as delivering
cognitive behavioral therapy ( 认 知 行 为 疗 法 ) to the most severely affected and
demonstrating to entire populations that change is possible by better publicizing productive
efforts by organizations to reduce their carbon footprints. We can't let climate anxiety stop
us from responding to climate change, because now, more than ever, we need action, not
inaction.
1.What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?
A.Mental illness may increase the risk of climate anxiety.
B.Reducing energy consumption can help treat depression.
C.Failure to handle climate anxiety may cause depressive symptoms.
D.The influence of climate anxiety on mental illness can be measured.
2.The underlined phrase “secondary to” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.
A.as a result of B.less important than
C.as serious as D.regardless of
3.Which of the following might be effective in helping the anxious overcome climate
anxiety?
A.Publicizing the latest research on climate anxiety.
B.Funding studies into cognitive behavioral therapies.
C.Delivering speeches to anxious people on a regular basis.
D.Informing the public of practical ways to live a greener life.
4.What is the purpose of this passage?
A.To reveal consequences of climate anxiety.
B.To show new findings about climate anxiety.
C.To compare climate anxiety and mental illness.
D.To demand care for those experiencing climate anxiety.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是社会热点问题。文章呼吁大家给
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予那些经历气候焦虑的人关心。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句 In a U.S. survey of more than 340 people
published in 2018, climate concerns were associated with depressive symptoms ( 症状 ) .
Ecological coping , which includes pro-environmental behaviors such as reducing energy
consumption, appeared to be protective against depression , indicating that climate concerns
and the poor coping skills used to address them could be causing depressive symptoms .可
知,处理这些问题的不当方法可能导致抑郁。
2.A 猜测词义题。画线部分的后文是在介绍由于气候的变化,哪些人会更容易患上气候焦
虑。the uncertainties around climate change是原因,mental illness是导致的结果,所以应选A
项。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句If this is true for humanity as a whole, we must
urgently help motivate the anxious among us . Doing so successfully will require many
approaches, such as delivering cognitive behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法) to the most
severely affected and demonstrating to entire populations that change is possible by better
publicizing productive efforts by organizations to reduce their carbon footprints .可知,有效
帮助克服气候焦虑的方法是让公众知道如何过上更环保的生活。
4.D 主旨要义题。根据最后一段第一句If this is true for humanity as a whole, we must
urgently help motivate the anxious among us.(如果这对整个人类来说是真的,我们必须紧急
帮助激励我们中间焦虑的人。)可知,文章旨在呼吁大家给予那些正在经历气候焦虑的人更多
关爱。
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