1
2
阅读理解
考试题型：
完形填空
考察重点
1. 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大
意的事实和细节；2. 既要理解字面的意思，也要理解深
层的含义，包括作者的意图、态度等；3. 既要理解某句、
某段的意义，也要理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推
理和判断；4. 既要理解具体的事实，也要理解抽象的概
念。
题目数量
15 道(A、B、C、D 篇；浙江10 题，天津20 题)
分值
每题2 分，共计30 分(部分地区每题2.5 分)
考频分布：
主旨大意题
事实细节题
词句猜测题
推理判断题
2020 全国Ⅰ
1
10
1
3
2020 全国Ⅱ
2
9
2
2
2020 全国Ⅲ
3
7
1
4
2020 浙江7 月
2
5
1
2
2020 浙江1 月
2
4
1
3
2020 江苏
1
9
1
3
2020 天津
2
12
0
6
2020 北京
1
12
0
2
2019 全国Ⅰ
2
8
1
4
2019 全国Ⅱ
4
7
1
3
2019 全国Ⅲ
1
8
1
5
总计
21
91
10
37
3
知识清单：
解题步骤
一、快速跳读全文，理解大意
二、再读题干，圈画定位词
定位词特征：在文章中出现频率高的词，比如专有名词、数字、注释等；如
没有明显定位词，则要特别注意提示题型的词，比如infer 表明是推断题，title
表明主旨大意题，underline 表明是词句猜测题。
三、根据关键词信息定位答案
解题技巧
一、主旨大意题
包括文章主旨和段落主旨。题干中含有main idea、the best title 等标志性词汇。
做题方法主要有首尾段定位、高频词(同一个词重复出现)、标题逆推法(从选项去
逆推文章内容是否符合)。
例：WeChat(微信)is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service
developed by Tencent in China, first released in January 2011. With WeChat, we can
communicate with friends by sending text messages, voice messages, we can share
our photos or videos, share our location, we can even chat with lots of friends at the
same time. More important, it is free for the users.
题：The main idea of this paragraph is that ____________.【标题逆推法】
A. the tools of chatting
B. we can use Wechat to chat with lots of friends
C. the functions of Wechat
D. we should often communicate with friends
段落中主要介绍微信能让人们做很多事情，并没有说聊天工具有哪些，选项
A 重点在于“tools”指很多工具，所以错误；选项B 是微信功能的某个方面，对
段落概括不够完整，所以错误；选项C 符合题意，正确；选项D 重点在和朋友
沟通，没有提及微信，所以错误。
二、事实细节题
4
题干中含有how、when、where、why、what、who 等标志性词汇，注意事实
细节题的出题方法很多。做题方法：
1. 找定位词(重点关注专有名词、人名、地名)；
2. 根据定位词定位到原文句子，再根据原词对应、近义词对应、表达方式转
换等方法进行答案的筛选。
例：We get better at our job with time and the increased competence means less
stress and more rewards. Yet none of us, no matter how long we’ve been doing it,
ever truly feels like an expert at parenting or even at marriage.
The support and friendship of co-workers also offer stress relief. At home,
meanwhile, stress spreads and increases quickly. “That’s the reason why most
housewives wish they were the bread winners,” Dr. Damaske says.
Much of the advice to families and couples includes the warning to “leave work
stress at office” and even to change our mindset from work to home, for example, a
walk around the block. The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our
attitude, might be due for some change.
题：According to the recent findings, what should we change to solve the problem
mentioned?【原词对应】
A. Our attitude
B. Our home life
C. Our mindset
D. Our working style
做题步骤：①找到题中的关键词recent finding；②定位到文中关键句“The
recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some
change.” ③根据关键句得到正确答案是B。
三、词句猜测题
题干中含有refer to、mean、underlined word、imply 等标志性词汇。做题方
法：
1. 确定指代对象的性质，包括对象是人是物，是单数、复数还是不可数名词；
2. 根据语法原则(单复数一致、人称一致等)、前指原则(正确答案必在所考代
词之前)、句内原则(指代对象和答案在同一句内，除非代词位于句首或出现指代
传递现象)、语义原则(答案带入原文中)等方法解题。
例：If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would
go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number
of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures,
with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even
though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to
explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it
with light.
题：What does ‘‘it’’ (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to? 【前指原则】【句内
原则】
5
A. The night
B. The moon
C. The sky
D. The planet
四、推理判断题
1. 推理细节隐藏含义。题干通常含有infer、imply、suggest、conclude、indicate
等词汇；
2. 推理作者观点态度或者人物性格，题干通常含有attitude、towards、
according to the author 等标志性词汇。表达态度常用词汇：
3. 推断写作目的、思路、结构、写作方法。题干中含有purpose、intend to
等标志性词汇；
4. 推断文章出处、读者对象。题干中含有be taken from、be likely a part of、
be intended for 等标志性词汇；
例：After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone
National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park.
By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of
the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human
development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone
area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer
humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk
populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf - grew rapidly. These animals
consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被)，which reduced plant diversity in the
park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes
killed a large percentage of the park5 s red foxes, and completely drove away the
park’s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing
wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk
and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves
would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the
wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf
packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is
fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers
subjective
主观的
approval
赞成的
optimistic
乐观的
critical
批评的
sarcastic、skeptical
讽刺的
怀疑的
unconcerned、disappointed
不关心的
失望的
objective
客观的
disapproval
反对的
pessimistic
悲观的
supportive
支持的
6
and red forest have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a
valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other
parts of the country as well.
题：What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?【作者态度】
A. Doubtful
B. Positive
C. Disapproving D. Uncaring
根据文中最后一段的内容“The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable
experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of
the country as well.” 我们可知作者认为这个项目是有意义的实验，所以持积极态
度。
7
七选五
考试题型：
七选五
考查重点
考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构及上下文逻辑意义的理解
和把握。所选文章内容一般逻辑性强，结构严谨，层次分明，
便于考生在阅读理解的基础上对一些信息进行概括和推理判
断。
题目数量
5 道
分值
每题2 分，共5 题，计10 分
考频分布：
代词线索
词汇线索
逻辑线索
2020 全国I 卷
0
1
4
2020 全国II 卷
0
3
2
2020 全国III 卷
0
2
3
2020 新高考I 卷
0
2
3
2020 北京卷
0
1
4
2020 年7 月浙江卷
1
1
3
2020 年1 月浙江卷
2
1
2
2019 全国I 卷
1
3
1
2019 全国II 卷
1
1
3
2019 全国III 卷
1
2
2
2019 北京卷
0
2
3
2019 年6 月浙江卷
1
2
2
总计
7
21
32
8
知识清单：
解题步骤
1. 通读全文，理解大意
2. 分析选项，细作标记
3. 阅读段落，圈关键词
4. 带入选项，重读确定
解题技巧
一、巧用代词线索
通过设空前后句中的代词线索来理清语境的逻辑关系，从而确定设空处的答
案，例如this, that, they, it 等一般指代上文出现过的事物。
二、巧用词汇线索
1. 同一词
设空处的正确选项常常含有与前后文相重叠的关键词，考生可以利用相同关
键词的重复出现来解题，例如confidence 在前文出现，后文可能作为同一词线索
帮助解题。
2. 同义词
有时设空处的正确选项与前后文所用词表达含义相同但用词不同，考生可以
通过识别出同义表达来解题，例如annoyed 和angry。
3. 同畴词
有时设空处的正确选项与前后文所用词属于同一范畴的话，也是很重要的解
题线索，有助于考生锁定正确选项，例如hospital 和medical workers。
4. 同根词
有时设空处的正确选项与前后文所用词不是原词，而是由同一词根变化而来，
这时也可能作为考生的解题关键线索。例如happy 和happier。
三、巧用逻辑线索
9
1. 转折、条件
若设空处前后文或选项中，有暗示转折、条件等的逻辑词，或根据句意设空
处与前后文需要满足这类逻辑关系，考生可以以此为突破口锁定答案或缩小选择
范围。
2. 递进
若设空处前后文或选项中，有暗示递进的逻辑词，或根据句意设空处与前后
文需要满足这类逻辑关系，也可以作为考生解题的突破口。
3. 因果
因果关系也是七选五题型中常出现的一类逻辑关系。若设空处前后文或选项
中，有暗示因果的逻辑词，或根据句意设空处与前后文需要满足这类逻辑关系，
也是重要的解题线索。
4. 举例
有时设空处与前后文可能是论证与举例说明的关系，如果出现这类提示词，
一定不要忽视。
5. 让步
有时设空处与前后文可能构成让步的关系，如果出现这类提示词，或需要句
意上构成这种关系，考生一定要重视。
例1. 2020 年1 月浙江卷
Let’s take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60%
water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go
to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
______ (31) For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to
make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we
use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but
this is not the case for many people around the world. ______ (32) That’s around one
in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the
bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhea (腹泻)
from dirty water. That’s around 1,400 children every day! Also, in some countries,
children walk many kilometers every day to get water. ______ (33) Therefore, they
don’t have time to learn how to read or write and don’t get an education.
______ (34) On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to
educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something
that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children
10
between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six liters of water. ______ (35) People
give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people
as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water: they can’t go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink?
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
31. 【答案】A
【解析】本题可以利用逻辑线索中的举例关系来解题。根据下文“For example”
提示，前后构成例证关系。由例子可以推知，所阐述的是间接使用水的方式，A
项符合语境，故选A。
32. 【答案】E
【解析】本题可以利用代词线索来解题。根据下文“That’s around one in 10
people in the world.”中指示代词that 的指代关系可推知，前文与某些人口数据有
关。E 项符合语境，故选E。
33. 【答案】D
【解析】本题可以利用逻辑线索中的因果关系来解题。根据下文逻辑词
“Therefore”提示，前后构成因果关系。由下文的结果“they don’t have time to learn
how to read or write and don’t get an education.”可推知原因D 项符合语境，故选D。
34. 【答案】F
【解析】本题可以利用代词线索来解题。根据下文“On this day every year”指
示代词提示线索，设空处应该涉及某一日期，F 项符合语境，故选F。
35. 【答案】G
【解析】本题可以利用词汇线索中的同义词来解题。根据上文“walk 6km with
six liters of water”词汇线索，可找到G 项中“walk a long distance carrying heavy
bottles”与之构成同义短语，且语意联系紧密，逻辑和指示代词都衔接合理，故选
G。
例2. 2020 年全国II 卷
Emoji (表情符号) and Workplace Communication
11
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of
millions, both at work and play. ______ (36). It’s been reported that 76 percent of
employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add
humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. ______ (37), encouraging better and more
frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and
finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. ______ (38) .
While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to
working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The
good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying
that it ruined an entire day? ______ (39). Emoji can help communication feel
friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
______ (40), and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And
when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication,
you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
36. 【答案】D
【解析】本题可以利用逻辑线索中的举例关系来解题。根据下文所举的数据
例证，可推知是为了证明emojis 非常受欢迎，D 选项的逻辑和句意符合语境，
故选D。
37. 【答案】A
【解析】本题可以利用词汇线索中的同义词来解题。根据下文的“encouraging
better and more frequent communication.”可推知A 项中“Message with emojis feel
more conversational”与之构成同义短语，语意上符合语境，故选A。
38. 【答案】G
【解析】本题可以利用词汇线索中的同义词来解题。根据上文的“range from
age 22 to 70 and beyond”以及后文的“the younger generations”可推知，G 选项中的
“bring all work generations together”与之相匹配，语意也符合语境，故选G。
12
39. 【答案】B
【解析】本题可以利用词汇线索中的同畴词来解题。根据上文“There is also
the matter of tone.”中的“tone”与下文“friendlier”等，可看出B 项中“cold and
unfriendly”与之构成同畴关系，都在讨论“语气”相关内容，且语意上构成让步关
系符合语境，故选B。
40. 【答案】F
【解析】本题可以利用词汇线索中的同畴词来解题。根据下文的“business
communication”以及“work culture”，以及F 选项中的“leads to a happier workplace”
等关键词，可看出属于同畴词，语意和逻辑都衔接紧密，符合语境，故选F。
例3. 2020 北京卷
Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in
the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more
to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of
thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena,
people, or even the person himself. ______ (46) Meanwhile, positive thinking can
help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People
who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively.
They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in
themselves and in what they do.
______ (47) People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans(寿命),
lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health,
reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one’s
ability to deal with problems and hardships. ______ (48) For example, researchers
have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a
natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer( 缓冲作用)against
depression and anxiety. Resilient(适应性强的)people who think positively tend to
treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an
opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive
problems as a source of additional stress. ______ (49)
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with
hard times and improving the quality of one’s life. It doesn’t have anything to do with
ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. ______ (50)
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s
physical and mental health.
A. It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
13
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual’s behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
36. 【答案】B
【解析】本题可以利用逻辑线索中的转折关系来解题。根据下文的
“Meanwhile”以及句意推知设空处应该与下文构成转折关系。B 选项陈述Negative
self-talk 的缺点符合语境，故选B。
37. 【答案】D
【解析】本题可以利用词汇线索中的同畴词来解题。根据下文第三句
“Positive thinking also contributes to one’s ability to deal with problems and
hardships.”推知设空处的句意需要与之构成递进关系，陈述positive thinking 的好
处，D 选项符合语境，故选D。
38. 【答案】C
【解析】本题可以利用逻辑线索中的举例关系来解题。根据下文“For example”
提示，设空处陈述要点，后文举例。从所举例子中“natural disaster”可推知是在强
调在困境中positive thinking 的好处，C 项符合语境，故选C。
39. 【答案】G
【解析】本题可以利用词汇线索中的同畴词和代词线索来解题。根据上文中
“Pessimists”及“additional stress”等，G 选项中“discouraged”同一范畴和感情色彩的
词可以相匹配，且G 项中代词“They”代指“Pessimists”，能够与前文逻辑衔接上，
符合语境，故选G。
40. 【答案】A
【解析】本题可以利用逻辑线索中的递进关系来解题。根据上文“It doesn’t
have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a
problem.”的否定逻辑，A 项中“It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort,
either. ”否定逻辑的递进能够衔接恰当，且句意符合语境，故选A。
例4. 2020 年全国III 卷
14
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves
into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one
who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the
person on the new home. ______ (36) And it is good time to fill the new space with
love and hopefully presents.
______ (37) Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new
home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry
include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry,
a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of
art or a plant.
______ (38) This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of
food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming
party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a
tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly
after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes.
______ (39)
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people
would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. ______ (40) Now most homes
have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
36. 【答案】E
【解析】本题可以利用逻辑线索中的递进关系来解题。根据上文“The party
is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.”以及
下文“And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.” 三
句话之间的递进关系，可推知E 项“它也给人们(提供了)一个看看新家的样子的
机会”承上启下，最符合语境和语意。故选E。
37. 【答案】B
【解析】本题可以利用词汇线索中的同一词来解题。这是本段主旨句。根据
下文中的“Some common things people will put on a gift registry”可知，人们会把
一些普通的东西写在礼物登记册上，其中关键词gift 可作为同一词关键线索与B
项“带礼物去参加乔迁聚会是一个传统”对应，符合语境。故选B。
15
38. 【答案】C
【解析】本题可以利用代词线索来解题。根据下文中的“This is often
appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.”中指示代词
“this”以及“a lot of food”关键词线索，可推知C 项“你也可以带些食物和饮料与
其他客人分享”能够匹配，符合语境。故选C。
39. 【答案】A
【解析】本题可以利用逻辑线索中的转折关系以及后文的代词线索来解题。
根据上文“Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person
moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes.”可知，有时
因为乔迁聚会在一个人搬了新家之后不久举行，所以人们有可能会被要求帮助打
开箱子。推知A 项“This isn’t usual though.”符合语境，且其中的“This”即指
“help unpack boxes”, 且句意与上文构成转折关系。故选A。
40. 【答案】G
【解析】本题可以利用词汇线索中的同畴词和同义词来解题。上文中的“bring
firewood to a new house”以及下文“central heating”，“don’t use fires to keep warm.”
几个关键词可与G 选项的“keep their home warm”构成同畴同义关系，且句意能够
衔接上下文，符合语境。故选G。
16
书面表达
考试题型：
应用文
考察重点
要求考生对题目给出的现象、问题等作出回应，考生应
该仔细审题，根据题目要求表达要点，并合理拓展细节，
用正规的文体要求，在规定的时间内清晰、准确地写出
作文。
字数要求
100 词左右
分值
25 分(全国卷)/15 分(浙江等部分地区)
实用作文
考察重点
高考中的实用性作文包括提纲作文(近几年少考)、图表作
文、图画作文以及开放作文等，要求考生仔细审题，对
于题目所给内容进行写作，甚至给出自己的评论和意见。
重点考察大家英语应用能力和辩证思维能力。
字数要求
120 词左右
分值
25 分(以江苏卷为例)
读后续写/概要写作
考察重点
读后续写和概要写作是浙江高考改革以后出现的新型作
文类型，每年会从两者之间择其一进行考察。读后续写
是基于阅读的写作测试，主要考查学生的语篇解读、情
节推理、思维品质、语言技能和语言运用等综合写作能
力。概要写作同样基于阅读，重点考察学生三方面能力，
一是提炼原文情节；二是把原文关键情节进行改写；三
是讲改写的句子整理成通顺的段落。
字数要求
150 词(续写)/60 词(概要)
分值
25 分
考频分布：
应用文
见上册
图表作文
江苏、上海
图画作文
江苏、北京
开放作文
江苏
17
读后续写/概要写作
浙江
知识清单：
逻辑衔接
一、逻辑连词
二、逻辑副词
表原因
because; since; for; as; given that; considering that; for the reason
that; now that
表结果
so; and thus; and therefore
表让步
though; while; although; even though
表目的
so that; in order that
表比较
while; whereas
表条件
if; provided that; on condition that; as long as
表并列
and; as well as; together with; along with
表转折
however; nevertheless; nonetheless
表层次
firstly, secondly, thirdly, lastly;
in the first place, besides, furthermore, last but not the least;
for one thing, for another;
besides; in addition; moreover
表对比
on the contrary; by/in contrast; instead;
on the one hand, … on the other hand
表结果
so; therefore; thus; hence; as a result; consequently
表举例
for example; for instance
表总结
in a word; in short, all in all; in conclusion; to sum up; in brief
表强调
especially; particularly; in particular
18
三、逻辑介词
词汇升级
一、名词替换
表原因
because of; due to; owing to; resulting from; on account of
表让步
despite; in spite of; regardless of
表层次
as for / as to; in terms of; with regard to
表对比
unlike; different from
表递进
besides + n.; apart from + n.; in addition to + n.
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类别
高频词
替换词
表原因
reason
cause; factor
表结果
result
consequence; outcome
表目的
goal
aim; purpose; objective; target
表方法
way
method; approach; means
表措施
solution
measures; precaution
表观点
opinion
view; viewpoint; perspective
表优势
advantage
benefit; strength; merit
表劣势
disadvantage
drawback; weakness; downside
表建议
advice
suggestion; tip; recommendation
表影响
effect
influence; impact
表特征
feature
characteristic; trait; attribute; property
表类型
type/kind
category; variety
表人群
people
visitors;
tourists;
travelers;
commuters;
supporters;
objectors; customers; shoppers; consumers; owners;
viewers;
diners;
users;
researchers;
subjects;
respondents;
participants;
competitors;
enthusiasts;
residents; citizens; individuals; members; peers;
20
二、形副替换
类别
高频词
替换词
表经常
often; always
frequently; constantly; regularly
表很少
seldom
hardly; rarely; scarcely
表偶尔
sometimes
occasionally; from time to time; once in a while
表程度
very
fairly; quite; pretty; rather; completely
表数量
many; much
a considerable number of; a great deal of; plenty of
表重要
important
significant; crucial; vital; essential; indispensable
表优好
good
outstanding; excellent; brilliant; proper; favorable;
superior; splendid; satisfactory
表坏差
bad; poor
awful; terrible; improper; undesirable; underachieving;
unfavorable; unsatisfactory
表递增
more and more
an increasing number/amount of + n.; increasingly
more + adj.
表递减
less and less
a decreasing number/amount of + n.; increasingly less
+ adj.
表充足
enough
sufficient; adequate; plenty; ample; abundant
表大小
big
huge; great; giant; tremendous; enormous
表严重
serious
severe
三、动词替换
类别
高频词
替换词
表结果
cause
lead to; contribute to; bring about; account for; give
rise to
表重要
be important
be significant; matter; play a … role (in);
exert a(n) … effect (on)
表有益
be good for
benefit; be beneficial to; be conducive to
表有害
be bad for
do harm to; be damaging to; be detrimental to
表影响
affect
influence; impact; exert a(n)…effect/influence/ impact
on; make a difference to
21
表促进
improve
develop; enhance; promote; boost; strengthen
表削弱
weaken
impair; undermine
表增加
increase
grow; rise; raise; gain
表减少
reduce
decrease; decline; relieve
表观点
think
believe; insist; argue; be firmly convinced; maintain
表支持
support
be in favor of; approve; uphold
表反对
be against
object to; oppose; disapprove
表揭示
show
reveal; find; suggest; report; indicate
表能够
can do sth
be able to; be capable of
表使役
make / let sb do
allow sb. to do; enable sb. to do; cause sb. to do
表缺乏
lack
be lacking in; be short of; be deficient in; be scarce in
表处理
deal with
handle; cope with
表给予
give
offer; provide; present
表获得
get
acquire; obtain; gain; achieve
表吸引
attract
appeal to; draw one’s attention; fascinate
表喜爱
like; love
appreciate; be fond of; adore; take interest in; be crazy
about; be keen on; be addicted to
表拥有
have
possess; own; enjoy; boast; feature; be rich in
表努力
try to do
attempt to do; spare no effort to do; take pains to do
表参加
take part in
attend; participate in; join in; be involved in
表重点
focus on
concentrate on; highlight; emphasize
表面临
face/faced with
confront/confronted with; encounter
表成功
succeed
manage to do; be successful in doing; achieve success
表建议
advise
suggest; recommend; propose
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句式升级
一、从句
1. 定语从句
①He asked me to admire his gift which he believed was carefully chosen by Santa
Claus.
②She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many
boxes.
③Then, I took his hand in mine and we went to find our mother, who must be
desperately searching the store for us.
2. 名词性从句
①I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who
was really kind enough to save my face.(宾语从句)
②Suddenly it dawned on her that honesty has no class. Respect everyone
regardless of their financial and social status. It’s always a good deed to give the one
who deserves. (主语从句)
③In that instant, it occurred to me that he actually got down on his hands and
knees to sweat over hot concrete to make a living for his family. (It occurred to sb.句
型，表示某人忽然想到，为主语从句)
3. As soon as...引导的时间状语从句
As soon as she was out of the vehicle, Andrea gunned the engine and accelerated
madly away.
扩展：一...就...：no sooner... than...; hardly...when; the moment...;
二、非谓语
1. 非谓语做状语
①Knowing the blanket had accomplished its mission, we felt a gush of pleasure
flew into our heart.
②Observing the carpenter leaving, the two brothers waved grateful good-bye to
him.
23
③I began to cry out from relief, throwing my arms around him and hugged him
tightly.
2. It 作形式主语
It was terrible to suffer all of this! I shall call the police in Brock Bourne!
3. With 复合结构
It was still cold and frigid with the snow constantly blowing and whipping onto
our faces.
三、倒装
1. 完全倒装
Out of the class rushed Terry, crying all the way.
2. so...that...的半倒装
①So nervous was the singer that the lyrics even slipped away from his memory,
with sweat streaming down his back.
②So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
3. Never 放句首的倒装句
Never in my wildest dreams could I imagine these people are living in such poor
conditions, so I decided to help them in my best.
延伸：
有否定含义的副词与此类倒装句结构相类似的还有：
绝不：little / seldom / hardly / rarely / in no way / at no time / by no means / in no
case;
一...就...：no sooner ... than…; hardly (scarcely barely)... when ...
4. 形式倒装(as 引导让步状语从句)
①Anxious as I was, I could barely see his figure.
②Success as I achieved, I still bear the scar on my neck, a reminder of what I have
been through.
③Much as I was grieving, I couldn’t help but look forward to the doves’ visits too.
24
四、虚拟
1. as if 虚拟
Hearing them cheering for me, I felt as if I had been dreaming.
2. 倒装虚拟语气
Had it not been for the small event, I wouldn’t have found and then fulfilled my
potential.
五、特殊结构和句型
1. 无灵主语
A blush of shame creeping to her cheeks and a look of sorrow into her eyes, Susan
even did not say “Thank you.”
2. 强调句
Suddenly it dawned on him that it was through that kind of trail that he eventually
made himself a better person.
3. 感叹句
What a thought-provoking story! Every day we have the choice of building a fence
or a bridge.
4. 形容词作状语表伴随
①Scared, I was frozen to the spot, overcome with the need to see my brother, to
hug and make certain he was all right.
②Scared and restless, she walked up to grandmother after a few minutes of
hesitation. “I am ready, now.”
5. Needless to say 短语(不必说)
I had always thought that cancer was only for people 40 and up; young kids like me
didn’t get cancer! Needless to say, the news was shocking.
25
真题范文：
一、应用文
1. 求助信
(2020 全国III)
假定你是李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教Miss Evans
写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括：
1. 剧情简介；2. 指导内容；3. 商定时间地点。
注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 结束语已为你写好。
Dear Miss Evans，
I am writing this email to enquire about a short play, which my friend and I
have adapted from a textbook article．【高分句型一】The details are as follows.
(写信目的)
The play is about how four students from different cultural backgrounds get
to know each other better．【高分句型二】We changed some of the lines to make
the script more suitable for a performance. (剧情简介)However, we are still unsure
about the overall quality of our play. (指导内容) As a result, could you please take a
look at our rehearsal and give us some advice？We will be available from 3 to 5 p.m.
this Friday, at the school’s main hall. (商定时间地点)
Thank you very much and we hope to hear from you soon．
Yours,
Li Hua
2. 咨询信
(2016.10.浙江)
假定你是李华。下学期你将作为交换生(exchange student)去加拿大一所高中
学习，住在Lynn 家里。请给Lynn 写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍自己；2. 告知到达时间；3. 询问应做何准备。
注意：
1. 词数80 左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
26
Dear Lynn,
I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China. I’m happy to know that I’ll be
staying with your family in the next few months while I’m studying at the local
high school. 【高分句型一】Thank you for having me! I will arrive in Toronto on
August 20th and get to your place late that afternoon. I wonder if you could give me
some advice so that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada. 【高
分句型二】
Looking forward to seeing you!
Yours,
Li Hua
3. 问候信
(2020.7.浙江)
假定你是李华，你校来自爱尔兰的外教Peter 因病回国休假。请给他写一封
电子邮件，内容包括：1. 询问近况；2. 分享班级最新消息；3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80 左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
I’m Li Hua, a Chinese student from Class Three, Grade Three. I can’t tell you
how sorry I felt when I heard that you had to return to Ireland on sick leave.
【高分句型一】I’m wondering if you are getting better now, and I’m writing to show
our genuine concern for you. (写信目的)
Through your tireless work, every one of us has made tremendous progress
in English, especially in listening and speaking. 【高分句型二】So don’t worry
about our study and all you need to do now is to have an adequate rest and a healthy
diet. Besides, with the approach of the college entrance exams, we are busy
making final preparations. 【高分句型三】Good news is that we have achieved
satisfactory results in a mock examination. We are sure that we will live up to your
expectations.
We earnestly hope you will recover soon and we are expecting your early return
to China. Best wishes!
Yours,
27
Li Hua
28
二、实用作文
1. 图表作文
(2017 江苏卷)
请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入( box - office income) 的柱状图及相
关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。
Saturday Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre.
Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shall we see?
Su Hua: Whatever. We’ve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to
the West…Each sounds great!
Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic.
Su Hua: And the high - tech!...
Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left.
Su Hua: No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor.
【写作内容】
One Day in 2016.At Home.
Son: Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight?
Mother: Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It’s
convenient with our new and faster network
Son: But it feels good in a cinema.
Mother: And the price… We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.
Son: Only 10 yuan more than last year.
Mother: But still we cannot get the money’s worth. Some films are just
boring…
29
1．用约30 个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2．我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参
考，原因不少于两点)；
3．谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
(参考范文)
The box - office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from
about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase
slowed down in 2016.
The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before
2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the
box - office income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of
movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its
economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers.
Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower
growth.
China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so
an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of
quality movies. Therefore, its box-office income will probably enjoy a slight
increase.
2. 图画作文
(2017 北京卷)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英
文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校” 为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过
程。
【注意】词数不少于60。提示词：视频video
30
(参考范文)
Last week, with the graduation moment upcoming, we felt it was even harder to
say goodbye to our school. Aiming to express our heartfelt thanks and memorize
the colorful three-year life, we made a decision to prepare a surprising gift for
the graduation ceremony five days later. After a heated discussion among us, we
reached an agreement to design a graduation video.
The following three days, we threw ourselves into carrying out our plan with
great passion.
Some of us equipped ourselves with cameras to take pictures of our school. The
main teaching building, the library, the playground and other familiar sites which
witnessed our school life filled the photos. Others interviewed our teachers who
expressed their impression and best wishes to us.
The following days, with the pictures and videos we collected, we took action to
complete the final video in the school studio. The whole process turned to be a little
hard. However, through our joint efforts and the knowledge we gained from school,
we eventually made it. While we were watching the video, memories of the good old
days in school flashed into our mind. We all felt greatly delighted and inspired.
Then came the graduation ceremony, We attended the unforgettable event in our
school auditorium. Our video was showed when the ceremony came to an end. It was
then that the thunderous applause rose from the watching crowd. Some students
even rose to their feet to cheer for our video. Seeing this, we felt a sense of pride
and achievement flooding into every corner of my heart. We promised to achieve
ourselves in the future to show our gratitude to our school and teachers.
31
3. 开放作文
(2020 江苏卷)
请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(documentary)的对话,并按照要求用英语写
一篇150 个词左右的文章。
Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did you see the BBC documentary on CCTV 9 last week?
Li Jiang: You mean Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!
Su Hua: Just think an English actor recites Chinese poems.
Li Jiang: I don’t really understand every line he recites, but I believe he truly
loves the poems himself.
Su Hua: Right. It is reported that the film is well received outside China.
Li Jiang: Yeah. It’s my first time to hear Chinese stories told by an English
speaker.
Su Hua: In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both at home and
abroad. These films can help foreign friends better understand this land—Chinese
literature, geography, history, food…
Li Jiang: I couldn’t agree more.
【写作内容】
(1)用约30 个词概括上述对话的主要内容；
(2)谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。
【写作要求】
(1)写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;
(2)作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
(3)不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
(参考范文)
CCTV 9 broadcast Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a documentary produced by
BBC. This well—made film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better
knowing China’s past and present.
Documentaries about China, produced either in China or in other countries, are
becoming increasingly popular among foreigners. For one thing, the overall
development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to
familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.
For another, China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been
an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. These documentaries,
present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences—its history, landscape,
art, food, or even traditional Chinese medicine.
Because of these films, some foreigners have begun to think of coming to China.
In this way, they can form a true picture of China themselves.
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三、新题型作文
1. 读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
(2020 浙江卷)
“I’m going to miss you so much, Poppy,” said the tall, thin teenager. He bent
down to hug his old friend goodbye. He stood up, hugged his parents, and smiled,
trying not to let his emotions (情绪) get the better of him.
His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control. They had driven their
son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and
studying. It was time to say goodbye for now at least. The family hugged and smiled
through misty eyes and then laughed.
The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile. “I guess
this is it,” he said. “I’ll see you back home in a month, okay?” His parents nodded,
and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students
and parents. The boy’s mother turned to the dog, “Okay, Poppy, time to go back
home.”
The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there. All that week,
Poppy didn’t seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk.
Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit. Poppy
didn’t.
They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats. They even let her sit on
the sofa, but the old girl just wasn’t her usual cheerful self. Her owners started to get
worried. “What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad. “We’ve tried
everything.”
“I have an idea, but it might be a little crazy,” smiled Mom. “Without anybody
left in the house but us, this place could use a bit of fun. Let’s get a little dog for
Poppy.”
It didn’t take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box.
Poppy welcomed them home as usual, but when she saw the box, she stopped. She put
her nose on it. Her tail began wagging (摆动) ever so slowly, then faster as she caught
the smell.
【注意】
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150 左右；
2. 至少使用5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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Para 1. Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.
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_____________Para 2. A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university.
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(参考范文)
Para 1.
Dad put the box on the ground and opened the top. A shiny little wet nose
popped up.(蹦出来) Then two fluffy paws (毛茸茸的爪子). Next the box tipped
over (翻到) sideways, and out tumbled (倾倒) a mass of wiggly (扭动地) golden
silliness. Poppy was amazed. She wagged furiously (猛烈地摇摆). She barked with
joy. She smiled, her tongue lolling out (伸出舌头) as she investigated the surprise.
The little pup was not shy and immediately starting yipping (汪汪叫) and jumping
around the older dog. “That didn’t take long,” remarked Mom, as both dogs went
roaring around the house in an impromptu game of chase. Dad laughed.
Para 2.
A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university. He had missed Poppy
and was looking forward to seeing her. When he bent down (弯下腰) to give her a
big hug, he fell over (跌倒) in surprise as a small golden cloud came racing up (跑送
过来) to lick (舔) his face too. “Oh my gosh, who is this?” he exclaimed. His parents
laughed at the look of shock on his face. “That’s Pee-wee,” said Dad. “I can’t believe
you got yourselves a puppy!” “We didn’t,” replied Mom. “This puppy is for Poppy!”
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2. 概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
(2018 浙江卷)
It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites
can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it
will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园) like visiting and seeing for
yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It
seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses,
and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a
car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four
years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the
right one．
There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of
college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live
across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go
check it out!
If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you
should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit
the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now
the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know
unless you actually visit．
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online
college fairs at CollegeWeeklive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers,
students, and college counselors ( 顾问), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can
register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online
college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool
that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about
which colleges or universities you’d like to attend．
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(参考范文)
To decide wisely which college to attend, you are advised to pay a visit to
colleges before you apply, especially the ones you live close to. 【高分句型一】(要
点一：参观学校) At least you should visit the schools you want to go to. (要点二：参
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观要去的学校) If you can’t go and check it out for lack of time and money, visit the
online college fairs at CollegeWeeklive, where you can get necessary information.【高
分句型二】
