专题05 生态环境、国土安全
主｜题｜简｜介
2025 年高中英语课程标准新增“生态环境”与“国土安全”两大主题，此举深刻体现了教育对国家
战略与全球性议题的积极响应，标志着英语教学从语言工具性向育人价值的深化。“生态环境”主题的
引入，直面气候变化、生物多样性保护等全球性挑战，与我国“双碳”目标和“生态文明建设”的国家
战略同频共振。它不仅要求学生掌握相关科技词汇与表达，更旨在培养其作为“地球村”一员的责任感
与可持续发展观，引导他们用英语参与全球环境治理的讨论，提升国际话语能力。而“国土安全”主题
的拓展，则超越了传统军事防御的范畴，融入了粮食安全、能源安全、网络安全等非传统安全领域，与
“总体国家安全观”紧密相连。这促使学生在学习英语时，需具备更强的信息甄别能力与批判性思维，
能够透过纷繁复杂的国际资讯，理性看待地缘政治格局，筑牢国家安全意识。二者相辅相成，共同构建
了“立足中国，放眼世界”的育人框架。通过这些主题的学习，学生不仅能提升语言能力，更能塑造兼
具家国情怀与全球胜任力的新时代公民，体现了英语教育在培养国家未来建设者中的关键作用。
原｜创｜专｜练
Passage 1
The Yellow River, often called China's "mother river," is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. For thousands
of years, this silent witness has flowed from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the northwest eastward to the sea. It
travels through nine provinces, shaping the land and nurturing a rich culture. This ancient river remains a powerful
symbol of the nation's soul and deep roots.
This year, the completion of the Yellow River National Cultural Park has turned this historic corridor into a
vast open-air museum. The park aims to protect both the river's natural beauty and its cultural heritage. It guards
spectacular landscapes created by the water flow, such as towering cliffs, deep gorges, and magnificent waterfalls.
At the same time, it preserves the rich human history that developed along its banks, showing a harmony between
nature and human achievement.
The region is a cultural corridor where ancient heritage flourished. History is layered, from the Yangshao
culture in the upper reaches, famous for its painted pottery, to the Longshan culture in the lower reaches, marked
by rice agriculture. Significant sites, like the Buddhist grottoes at Bingling Temple and the ancient city of
Luoyang, tell stories of distant dynasties and spiritual devotion. These places are like pages in a grand scroll,
recording chapters of Chinese history.
Beyond ancient relics, the park is alive with living cultural traditions. Folk performances, artisanal crafts,
festive celebrations, and culinary arts have been passed down through generations. Today, the park not only
protects the river's ecological environment but also breathes new life into ancient culture through modern display
techniques and interactive experiences. This allows visitors to immerse themselves in local traditions, taste
authentic food, and appreciate the depth of Yellow River culture.
To visit the park is to take a journey through time, connecting the past with the present. While the park is
vast, exploring key cities can offer a condensed yet profound experience. The Yellow River not only carves
majestic natural landscapes but also irrigates a brilliant culture. We invite you to witness the enduring spirit of a
civilization shaped by the river's powerful flow.
1. How does the park bring ancient culture to life for visitors today?
A. By building new temples and modern structures.
B. By using modern technology and interactive methods.
C. By focusing solely on its impressive natural scenery.
D. By selling local crafts and food to tourists.
2. What does the mention of Yangshao and Longshan cultures suggest?
A. The Yellow River area is only known for agriculture.
B. The civilization in the region developed very early.
C. Buddhism was the earliest culture in the area.
D. Lower-reach cultures were more advanced than upper-reach ones.
3. What does the passage want to do?
A. To describe the geographical route of the Yellow River.
B. To compare the different cultures along the Yellow River.
C. To introduce a new cultural park and its significance.
D. To argue for the protection of the Yellow River's ecology.
4. Why does the author suggest visiting "key cities"?
A. Because they offer a focused experience of the park's highlights.
B. Because they are the only locations with historical sites.
C. Because they are situated at the river's source.
D. Because they are less crowded than other areas.
Passage 2
More than a decade ago, the Chilechuan Grassland faced serious environmental damage. Too much farming
and digging had destroyed the land, leaving most of it unused. The thin soil was blown away by wind, with only a
few tough plants remaining between stones. The situation seemed hopeless, with experts joking that it would be
easier to bring in new grass than to fix the existing land.
However, a turnaround began in 2012 with a restoration project. The key approach was "working with
nature." Instead of forcing man-made changes, the project aimed to cooperate with natural processes. The central
idea was to use local plants rather than foreign ones. Researchers identified native grasses and flowers that could
survive in the poor soil. Although the first attempt was washed away by rain, green shoots soon appeared from the
rocky ground, showing the strength of these native species.
The effort was highly successful. Within a few years, the once-barren land was covered by over 70 types of
plants, creating a rich ecosystem. Wildlife like foxes and hares returned. The area became a national park,
attracting millions of visitors and generating significant income. Most importantly, the new grassland can now
sustain itself with natural rainfall alone, proving the project's long-term success.
This achievement is based on a new way of thinking about ecological repair. A company involved in the
project has built a special bank for seeds and soil samples from across northern China. They focus on studying and
growing local plants, which are better adapted and require less care than foreign species. They also developed a
smart data system to help choose the best combination of local plants for any specific environment, making the
restoration work more effective.
This successful model is now being applied in other challenging areas and is even being shared
internationally. The principle is not to export Chinese seeds, but to help other countries use their own native plants
to restore their damaged lands. This experience offers a valuable lesson for ecological restoration efforts
worldwide, emphasizing that the best solution often lies within nature itself.
1. What is the main message the author aims to convey?
A. The beauty of the Chilechuan Grassland attracts many tourists.
B. A company’s business model has brought huge economic benefits.
C. Using local species is key to successful ecological restoration.
D. New technologies have made environmental protection easier.
2. What can be inferred about the “working with nature” approach?
A. It is a faster method compared to traditional ones.
B. It creates a more stable and self-sustaining ecosystem.
C. It relies heavily on artificial watering and fertilizers.
D. It was first developed by the company M-Grass.
3. How does the smart data system contribute to restoration work?
A. By storing money for future ecological projects.
B. By predicting weather changes in the region.
C. By selecting the most suitable local plants for a site.
D. By growing foreign plants in a controlled environment.
4. What is the core principle of the company’s international work?
A. Selling Chinese seeds to other countries at a low price.
B. Helping other nations use their own native plants for repair.
C. Building large parks for foreign governments to copy.
D. Teaching other countries how to develop tourism.
Passage 3
China's vision of achieving harmony between humanity and nature is not only benefiting the nation but also
offering a new path for global sustainable development. The core concept, that clear waters and green mountains
are valuable assets, was first proposed in 2005. This idea marked the beginning of a new chapter in China's pursuit
of ecological conservation and green development, guiding the nation's progress for nearly two decades.
This ecological approach corrects the old model of "polluting first and cleaning up later" that some
developed nations once followed. It is deeply rooted in the traditional Chinese belief that humanity should exist in
harmony with nature. Guided by this principle, China has successfully balanced economic growth with
environmental protection. For instance, the country has achieved significant economic expansion while effectively
controlling its increase in energy consumption, proving that protecting the environment can go hand-in-hand with
developing the economy.
The practical benefits of this green philosophy are evident. Large-scale implementation of the concept has
played a key role in the nation's poverty alleviation efforts. New models like eco-agriculture and ecotourism have
helped lift nearly 100 million rural residents out of poverty, achieving a major United Nations goal ten years ahead
of schedule. This success demonstrates that improving the natural environment can directly improve people's
livelihoods and create economic value.
Furthermore, China has become a world leader in renewable energy, making significant contributions to
global growth in non-fossil energy consumption. Its experience provides both theoretical and practical guidance
for other developing countries. It shows them that it is possible to develop economically without sacrificing the
environment, offering a valuable alternative to the traditional path of industrialization. This model of ecological
development and poverty alleviation has offered the world a new way to use green solutions to eradicate poverty
and achieve sustainable growth.
Experts emphasize that ecological civilization cannot be achieved by one nation alone; it requires broad
international cooperation. China's active participation in global green initiatives reflects its commitment to sharing
its experience and working with the international community. The nation's journey demonstrates that a
commitment to green development can lead to prosperity, offering inspiration and hope for a more sustainable
future for all.
1. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To argue that economic growth is more important than environmental protection.
B. To introduce China's ecological concept and its global significance.
C. To criticize the environmental policies of developed nations.
D. To provide a detailed history of China's economic development.
2. What can be inferred from China's success in poverty alleviation?
A. International financial aid is the only way to end poverty.
B. Environmental protection can be a tool for creating economic wealth.
C. Developing countries must copy China's exact methods to succeed.
D. Traditional agriculture is no longer useful in modern society.
3. How does the article describe China's ecological concept?
A. As a modern reflection of traditional Chinese philosophy.
B. As a political slogan with little practical effect.
C. As an idea borrowed directly from Western experts.
D. As a completely new theory without historical roots.
4. What does China's experience offer to other developing nations?
A. Proof that environmental protection harms economic growth.
B. An alternative model to balance growth and environmental protection.
C. A faster way to industrialize without any rules.
D. A guarantee of receiving international support.
Passage 4
Beijing is increasingly using advanced technology to protect its environment. A senior official from the city's
Ecology and Environment Bureau announced that Beijing has taken the lead in China by creating a new method to
analyze PM2.5, tiny harmful particles in the air. This method helps to precisely identify pollution sources and their
effects. As a result, the city’s annual average PM2.5 density has seen a major drop since 2013, showing the
success of their efforts.
To support this work, the city has built a complete monitoring system using smart technologies for its water,
soil, and air. This includes the country's first tracking system designed to watch heavy truck emissions. According
to the director of the city's environmental monitoring center, more than 200,000 smart technology spots and over
20 algorithms are now in use to track the quality of the environment. These tools provide a large amount of data
for analysis and decision-making.
A particularly new method for monitoring water quality involves a "fish face recognition" system. Developed
by a local research institute, this system uses 5G and AI technologies to understand water conditions by observing
the variety and diversity of fish living in it. The system is already being used on several major rivers in Beijing,
offering a creative way to check the health of the water ecosystem.
Looking ahead, Beijing plans to strengthen its research on environmental technologies. Future work will
focus on understanding how certain pollutants move and change in the atmosphere. The city also aims to improve
its ability to forecast air quality over the long term. Furthermore, initiatives are being developed to create low-
cost, high-efficiency solutions for reducing pollution from daily life activities.
Finally, Beijing is committed to building a digital smart management system to help manage the challenges
of a large city. By using big data and AI, the city hopes to solve issues like the lack of connected data from vehicle
monitoring. A comprehensive monitoring network for all vehicle emissions is currently being planned, which will
further support the city's goal of a cleaner and healthier environment.
1. What does the passage want to tell us?
A. Technology for solution to pollution.
B. Beijing's high-tech methods for environmental protection.
C. The air quality in Beijing with that in other cities.
D. The officials working for the Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau.
2. What can be inferred about the "fish face recognition" system?
A. It completely replaces traditional water testing methods.
B. It shows that technology can offer creative solutions to environmental issues.
C. It is too expensive to be used in smaller rivers.
D. It was developed by a foreign technology company.
3. What issue is the future digital system designed to solve?
A. The high cost of setting up monitoring stations.
B. The difficulty in tracking the sources of PM2.5.
C. The lack of connected data from vehicle monitoring.
D. The movement and changes of nitrate in the air.
4. What does the passage suggest about Beijing's environmental efforts?
A. They have achieved their final goal of a perfectly clean city.
B. They are a combination of current actions and future planning.
C. They focus more on water quality than on air pollution.
D. They have failed to reduce the density of PM2.5 effectively.
Passage 5
On the afternoon of May 27, Lei Jinyu, the head of a conservation center, was preparing a lecture near
Qinghai Lake, China's largest lake. He felt nervous, worrying his audience of local Tibetan people might not
understand his Mandarin. To his relief, he found they were mostly female tour guides who spoke fluent Mandarin.
His anxiety gone, Lei eagerly introduced the world of bird-watching, detailing the common birds around the lake.
The lecture proved to be a great learning opportunity. A local pastoral patrolman, whose job includes
protecting grasslands and monitoring wildlife, shared his excitement. "I finally know the Mandarin names of birds
I see often, like the black-necked crane," he said, realizing the area's importance as a bird habitat. Similarly, a
young guide who works with an endangered animal felt more confident. "After the lecture, I can provide better
answers to our tourists," she noted, planning to suggest adding more bird-related content to her tours.
This educational session was part of a larger event, "Beautiful Qinghai, Bird-watching at the Great Lake."
Though it took the form of a race where teams tried to identify the most bird species, the main goal was public
education. An official from the local management administration explained that Qinghai Lake is a vital ecosystem.
The event aimed to raise public awareness of bird protection and build support for creating a national park, which
would protect not only the scenery but also its rich biodiversity.
Sixty bird enthusiasts from across China joined the three-day competition. They faced challenges, driving
over 1,000 kilometers on rough roads to reach the best spots. Equipped with cameras and telescopes, their focused
search became part of the landscape. For many, the motivation was not just winning but the thrill of bird-watching
and the hope of making new discoveries for the region.
Their efforts were highly successful. In total, 175 bird species were recorded, including some extremely rare
ones. A birdwatcher from Shanghai spotted a rare water bird, a "lifer" for him, and his team found a species new
to the nature reserve. Despite an accident where one participant was injured, her team continued and achieved a
highlight by finding another rare goose. A local expert concluded that the event greatly expanded everyone's
understanding of the bird world around Qinghai Lake, showing the value of such scientific competitions in nature
conservation.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The rules of a bird-watching competition.
B. The educational and conservation value of a bird race.
C. The tourism potential of Qinghai Lake.
D. The challenges of bird-watching in the wild.
2. What can be inferred from the local people's reactions to the lecture?
A. They were completely unfamiliar with the birds in their region.
B. They gained a deeper scientific understanding of their environment.
C. They were more interested in tourism than in conservation.
D. They preferred practical skills to theoretical knowledge.
3. According to paragraph 4, what primarily motivated the bird-watchers to participate?
A. The desire to win a significant prize.
B. The opportunity to travel around Qinghai Lake for free.
C. The excitement of the activity and the chance for new findings.
D. The responsibility to help local communities protect the grasslands.
4. The local expert's conclusion in the last paragraph implies that ______.
A. traditional bird surveys were comprehensive and accurate
B. the event's findings challenged previous beliefs about the local ecosystem
C. future conservation work should only rely on bird-watchers
D. the number of bird species in Qinghai Lake had decreased
Passage 6
请阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或使用括号中单词的正确形式。
China has taken a significant step to protect its natural environment by approving the establishment of the
Huangyan Island National Nature Reserve. The State Council, China's Cabinet, gave its official approval on
Tuesday. This decision, (1)_____ serves as a crucial safeguard, aims to protect the diversity, stability, and long-
term health of the island's natural ecosystem. It is a strong commitment (2)_____ preserving the unique marine
life for future generations.
According to the official reply, relevant departments must strictly follow the regulations on nature reserves.
They (3)_____(require) to fulfill their environmental protection duties and strengthen cooperation. A robust
management framework must be established (4)_____(ensure) that all protective measures are put into practice.
Furthermore, supervision and law enforcement against illegal activities within the reserve will be intensified. The
primary goal is to continuously improve the (5)_____(construct) and administration of this vital protected area.
The Huangyan Island National Nature Reserve covers (6)_____ total area of 3,523.67 hectares, with a core
zone of 1,242.55 hectares. The main conservation target is the coral reef ecosystem, which is home to a wide
variety of species. Huangyan Island is an inherent part of China, (7)_____ is located in the Zhongsha Islands of
the South China Sea. It is administered by Sansha City in Hainan province.
The island has a circumference of about 55 kilometers and covers an area of around 150 square kilometers.
The waters surrounding it are rich in marine life, (8)_____ (make) it a key biodiversity spot. Last year, a report on
the island's ecological environment was published. It was based on an on-site investigation (9)_____(conduct)
from May to June 2024.
The report brought some very (10)_____(hope) news. It indicated that the coral reef ecosystem of Huangyan
Island has thrived despite the global coral bleaching crisis. There has been an increase in live coral coverage and
enhanced species diversity, showing an exceptional marine environment that remains in excellent condition.
