专题01 劳动实践、劳动价值与工匠精神
主｜题｜简｜介
2025 年高中英语课程标准新增“劳动实践、劳动价值与工匠精神”主题，是教育理念的一次深刻变
革，具有深远的战略意义。此举标志着对“五育并举”教育方针的全面落实，旨在扭转长期以来存在的
重智育、轻劳动的倾向，将劳动教育从边缘地带拉回核心育人环节。该主题并非简单的技能培训，而是
将“劳动实践”的动手操作、“劳动价值”的认知塑造与“工匠精神”的品格追求融为一体，为英语教
学注入了鲜活、真实的时代语境。在英语课堂上，学生将通过阅读关于大国工匠的报道、探讨人工智能
对就业的影响、设计社区服务项目等方式，在语言运用中深刻理解劳动的尊严与价值。这不仅极大地丰
富了教学内容，提升了学生解决实际问题的语言能力，更重要的是引导他们树立正确的劳动观，尊重各
行各业的创造，理解个人奋斗与社会发展的紧密联系，最终培养出既有国际视野、又具实干精神和家国
情怀的新时代人才。
原｜创｜专｜练
Passage 1
Once a vast wasteland, Saihanba in Hebei province has been transformed into a thriving forest with 500
million trees. This remarkable change is the result of sixty years of hard work by three generations of foresters.
Their story serves as a powerful example of how human determination and nature can work together to create a
sustainable environment, showing that long-term effort can bring huge rewards for the planet.
The task was incredibly challenging, especially on the final 7,000 hectares of rocky mountainsides. Since
machines could not reach these steep areas, all the work had to be done by hand or with the help of animals to
carry supplies. Workers had to dig out rocks before planting a single tree, showing incredible physical strength
and deep commitment to their goal. This difficult process laid the foundation for the green landscape we see today.
Initially, the forest was planted with only a single type of tree, which made it vulnerable to pests and
diseases. To build a stronger and healthier forest, the foresters began introducing various tree species, creating a
more balanced and natural ecosystem. This shift from a monoculture to a mixed forest greatly improved its ability
to resist harm and ensured its long-term survival.
Protecting this huge forest also requires modern technology. An advanced system, powered by artificial
intelligence, now constantly monitors the forest for signs of pests and diseases, allowing for quick action.
Furthermore, a complete fire prevention system uses satellites, drones, and ground patrols to provide 100%
coverage, ensuring any potential fire can be spotted and dealt with immediately. Through projects like Saihanba,
China has become the world's largest contributor to new green areas, accounting for about a quarter of the global
increase over the last two decades.
1.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To promote the use of modern technology in forestry.
B. To describe the history of tree planting in Hebei province.
C. To present the Saihanba project and its significance.
D. To compare different methods of forest management.
2.What can be inferred about the foresters' work on the rocky mountainsides?
A. It was a job that required great patience and strength.
B. It was mainly completed with the help of machines.
C. It was considered less important than planting on flat land.
D. It was finished in a short period due to high efficiency.
3.How did the foresters improve the forest's ability to survive?
A. By planting more trees of the original kind.
B. By increasing the number of tree species.
C. By relying solely on natural recovery processes.
D. By using more chemical fertilizers.
4.What is the global significance of the Saihanba project according to the passage?
A. It has set a new standard for fire prevention technology.
B. It has made China a leader in increasing global green space.
C. It has solved the problem of desertification worldwide.
D. It has provided a new model for international cooperation.
答案与解析：
文章大意：本文讲述了塞罕坝从荒漠变绿洲的奇迹，重点介绍了三代人六十年的艰苦努力、为改善
森林健康而采用的创新方法（如混合种植和科技监测），以及该项目对中国乃至全球绿化的重要贡献。
1. C
主旨大意题。 文章第一段引出塞罕坝的巨变，第二、三、四段分别从“艰苦努力”、“改善森林健
康”和“科技保护与全球贡献”三个方面展开，全面介绍了塞罕坝项目本身及其重要性。A 选项“推广
林业中现代技术的使用”只是文章第三、四段的一部分内容，过于片面。B 选项“描述河北省植树的历
史”范围过大，文章聚焦于塞罕坝这一具体项目。D 选项“比较不同的森林管理方法”文章并未进行多
种方法的比较，而是介绍了塞罕坝所采用的方法。因此，C 选项“介绍塞罕坝项目及其意义”最能概括全
文主旨。
2. A
推理判断题。 根据第二段“all the work had to be done by hand or with the help of animals to carry
supplies. Workers had to dig out rocks before planting a single tree”可以推断出，在陡峭的岩石山坡上，所有
工作都需靠人力或畜力完成，工人们需要先挖出岩石才能种树。这必然需要极大的耐心和体力。B 选项
“主要靠机器完成”与原文“machines could not reach these steep areas”直接矛盾。C 选项“被认为不如在
平地上植树重要”文中没有信息支持，属于无中生有。D 选项“因效率高而很快完成”与“六十年的努
力”和“incredibly challenging”的描述相悖。因此，A 选项是合理的推断。
3. B
细节理解题。 根据第三段“the foresters began introducing various tree species, creating a more balanced
and natural ecosystem. This shift from a monoculture to a mixed forest greatly improved its ability to resist harm”
可知，护林员通过引入多种树木，将单一树种森林转变为混合森林，从而提高了森林的抵抗力。A 选项
“种植更多原始种类的树”与原文做法相反。C 选项“完全依靠自然恢复过程”与原文描述的人工干预
（引入树种、科技监测）不符。D 选项“使用更多化肥”文章中未提及。因此，B 选项正确。
4. B
细节理解题。 根据文章最后一句“Through projects like Saihanba, China has become the world's largest
contributor to new green areas, accounting for about a quarter of the global increase over the last two decades.”可
知，通过塞罕坝这样的项目，中国成为了全球新增绿地面积最大的贡献者。A 选项“为防火技术设立了
新标准”文章只介绍了塞罕坝的防火系统，并未提及它为世界设立了新标准。C 选项“解决了世界范围内
的沙漠化问题”属于夸大其词，文章并未说解决了“世界范围”的问题。D 选项“为国际合作提供了新
模式”文章未提及国际合作。因此，B 选项准确反映了文章信息。
Passage 2
Forty years ago, Yin Yuzhen arrived at her new home in a vast desert in northern China. Her new house lay
half buried under sand dunes. Strong winds howled, and terrible heat made life extremely difficult. While many
people would have fled, Yuzhen chose to stay. "I would rather die planting trees than live buried by the desert,"
she said, beginning a lifelong battle against the harsh environment.
Yuzhen and her husband worked tirelessly to afford young trees. She slept only a few hours each night, her
hands and arms covered in wounds from her hard work. After many trials, she finally found a successful method.
She first planted shrubs and grasses to hold the soil. Then, she planted taller trees like poplars and pines to protect
the fruit trees inside. Slowly, her efforts paid off. The barren land transformed into a green oasis. Over four
decades, she has turned over 70,000 acres of desert into woodland, becoming a symbol of China’s large-scale tree-
planting project.
Yuzhen’s story also inspired an American teacher, Donald Jones. In 2015, he traveled to meet her and joined
her team. He learned to plant trees, working hard under difficult conditions. He planted over 2,000 trees and
formed a deep bond with Yuzhen, calling her his "sister." Their friendship showed that environmental protection is
a shared mission that connects people across borders. It is no longer a lonely struggle but a story of international
cooperation.
Yuzhen’s personal effort is part of a much larger picture. China is making significant progress in protecting
the environment. In the past 20 years, a quarter of the world’s newly added green areas have come from China.
The country has met its 2030 goals for forest growth and solar and wind power capacity years ahead of schedule.
These achievements show China’s strong and consistent commitment to a sustainable future.
The message from Yuzhen’s story is profound: whether it is planting trees or developing clean energy, every
effort shares the same vision. Green development is not just China’s choice, but its contribution to the entire
planet. Environmental challenges like sandstorms know no borders. By working together, humanity can create not
only oases in the desert but also a greener, cleaner world for all.
1. What is the main purpose of the article?
A. To introduce an American teacher’s experience in China.
B. To highlight China’s global contribution to environmental protection.
C. To describe the harsh living conditions in China’s deserts.
D. To provide a practical guide on planting trees in deserts.
2. What can be inferred from the story of Donald Jones?
A. Learning Chinese is necessary for environmental work.
B. Environmental protection can bridge cultural gaps.
C. Foreigners are more concerned about nature than locals.
D. Planting trees is the only way for foreigners to help.
3. How did Yin Yuzhen successfully turn the desert into an oasis?
A. By planting a large number of fruit trees directly.
B. By first planting smaller, hardier plants to secure the soil.
C. By using modern technology and government funding.
D. By focusing only on fast-growing trees like poplars.
4. What is the author's attitude towards the future of environmental protection?
A. Skeptical about achieving global environmental goals.
B. Worried about the increasing speed of climate change.
C. Hopeful about international cooperation creating positive change.
D. Uncertain about the impact of individual efforts.
答案与解析：
文章大意：本文讲述了殷玉珍将沙漠变为绿洲的励志故事，她的努力不仅改变了自己和当地的环境，
还激励了一位美国人加入她，体现了环保无国界的精神。文章进一步将她的个人事迹扩展到中国在环境
保护方面的国家成就和全球贡献，强调绿色发展是全人类的共同使命。
1. B
主旨大意题。文章以殷玉珍的个人故事为开端，接着讲述她的故事如何激励了美国人，然后扩展到
中国在国家层面的环保成就，最后升华到全球合作的主题。选项A（介绍美国教师的经历）只是文章的
一部分，过于片面；选项C（描述沙漠的恶劣生活条件）是文章的背景，不是主旨；选项D（提供植树指
南）文章并未提供具体操作指南。选项B（强调中国对环境保护的全球贡献）最能概括全文，从个人到国
家再到全球，都体现了这一核心主题。
2. B
推理判断题。文章第三段描述了美国人Donald Jones 被殷玉珍的故事感动，远道而来与她一起植树，
并结下深厚情谊，称她为“姐姐”。这表明他们因共同的环保目标而建立了超越国界的友谊。选项A
（学习中文是环保工作的必要条件）文章并未提及，且不是故事的要点；选项C（外国人比当地人更关心
环境）属于无端比较，文章无此意；选项D（植树是外国人帮忙的唯一方式）表述过于绝对。从他们的
友谊和合作中可以合理推断出，环保事业可以促进不同文化背景的人们之间的理解与沟通，因此B 选项
正确。
3. B
细节理解题。文章第二段明确描述了殷玉珍的方法：“She first planted shrubs and grasses to hold the
soil. Then, she planted taller trees like poplars and pines to protect the fruit trees inside.” 这说明她的策略是分
步进行的，首先用灌木和草来固土。选项A（直接种果树）与原文“to protect the fruit trees inside”矛盾，
果树是受保护的；选项C（使用现代技术和政府资金）与原文描述的辛勤劳作和自费购买树苗不符；选项
D（只种长得快的树）不准确，她种了多种植物，且有先后策略。因此，B 选项最准确地描述了她的成功
方法。
4. C
推理判断题，考查作者态度。文章最后一段充满了积极和鼓舞人心的语言，如“every effort shares the
same vision”，“By working together, humanity can create... a greener, cleaner world for all”。这表明作者对未
来是充满希望的，并相信国际合作能带来好的结果。选项A（对实现全球目标持怀疑态度）和选项D（对
个人努力的影响不确定）与文章的积极基调相悖；选项B（对气候变化速度加快表示担忧）在文章中并未
体现，文章重在提出解决方案而非渲染问题。因此，C 选项（对国际合作创造积极变化充满希望）最能反
映作者的态度。
Passage 3
Pang Donglai, a major retail chain in Central China, is gaining widespread attention for its progressive
policies that protect workers' rights and dignity. The company recently released detailed records showing how it
compensates employees whose personal dignity was violated at work. In the cases recorded during a recent
period, the company paid out a total of 359,000 yuan. The company firmly believes that personal dignity is a
fundamental right for everyone and should always be respected.
According to the new policy, employees receive over 5,000 yuan if they are wrongly accused of wrongdoing,
more than 10,000 yuan if they are insulted, and over 30,000 yuan if they are physically attacked while on duty. In
one specific case, an employee was slapped twice while handling a difficult customer, and the company
compensated him with 30,000 yuan. The company's founder has made it clear that customers who cause such
trouble will also face legal consequences.
The company stated that the main goal of this system is to build a corporate culture filled with respect,
fairness, and justice. A legal expert praised the plan, noting that it goes beyond what is legally required of
employers. By offering compensation that is far above the standard, Pang Donglai sets a positive example for
other companies and shows a true commitment to the well-being of its staff.
This people-first approach has been welcomed by the public. A regular customer commented that when a
company truly treats its employees as individuals rather than just tools, it earns their genuine dedication. This
mutual respect not only motivates the workforce but also builds trust among consumers, creating a solid
foundation for the company's long-term development.
Pang Donglai has long been known for its employee-friendly environment, offering generous paid annual
leave. Founded in 1995, the company has grown to 13 stores with around 8,300 workers. This positive culture
seems to translate into business success, as the retailer reported a significant increase in its sales for the current
year, proving that a respectful workplace can be a profitable one.
1. Why did Pang Donglai implement the compensation policy?
A. To meet the basic requirements of labor laws.
B. To create a culture of respect and fairness.
C. To compete with other retail companies.
D. To reduce the number of customer complaints.
2. What can be inferred from the legal expert's comment?
A. Most companies in China fail to protect their workers.
B. Pang Donglai's policy is considered unusual and admirable.
C. Legal protection for workers is the main issue in China.
D. The company will soon be required by law to pay more.
3. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To report the financial success of a supermarket chain.
B. To introduce a company's successful employee-first model.
C. To criticize the poor treatment of retail workers in general.
D. To explain the details of a new labor contract law.
4. What result did the new policy bring about?
A. Employees became more dedicated and consumer trust grew.
B. The company was able to open more new stores.
C. All difficult customers were banned from the stores.
D. The founder became a famous star on social media.
答案与解析：
文章大意：本文介绍了一家名为“胖东来”的中国零售连锁企业。该公司通过实施一项创新的员工
尊严补偿政策，保护员工免受不公正待遇。文章详细说明了该政策的补偿标准，并引用了专家和顾客的
观点，指出这种以人为本的管理方式不仅赢得了员工的忠诚和消费者的信任，也为公司带来了商业上的
成功，树立了企业文化的优秀典范。
1. B
细节理解题。 题目询问胖东来实施补偿政策的原因。根据文章第三段第一句，“ The company stated
that the main goal of this system is to build a corporate culture filled with respect, fairness, and justice.”（公司表
示，该系统的主要目标是建立一种充满尊重、公平和正义的企业文化。）这明确说明了政策的目的是为
了建立尊重和公平的文化。选项A（满足劳动法的基本要求）与第三段中“it goes beyond what is legally
required”（它超越了法律要求）的信息相悖。选项C（与其他零售公司竞争）和选项D（减少顾客投诉）
在文中没有直接提及，不是公司实施该政策的直接原因。
2. B
推理判断题。 题目要求从法律专家的评论中推断信息。文章第三段提到，一位法律专家称赞该计划，
并指出它“sets a positive example for other companies”（为其他公司树立了积极的榜样）。能够为他人
“树立榜样”，通常意味着其行为具有先进性或独特性，值得他人学习。因此可以推断，胖东来的政策
被认为是与众不同且值得称赞的。选项A（大多数中国公司不保护员工）推断过度，文中只说胖东来做
得好，并未提及“大多数”公司的情况。选项C（工人法律保护是中国的主要问题）范围过大，文章焦点
是胖东来的个案，而非全国性的法律问题。选项D（公司将很快被法律要求支付更多）属于无中生有，
文章没有提及任何未来的法律变动。
3. B
主旨大意题。 题目询问文章的主要写作目的。文章开篇即点明胖东来因保护员工权利而受到关注，
接着详细介绍了其员工尊严补偿政策、各方积极反响以及由此带来的商业成功。全文围绕“员工优先”
这一核心模式展开，旨在介绍这一成功案例。选项A（报道一家连锁超市的财务成功）只是文章结尾的
一部分内容，不是主旨。选项C（批评零售工人的糟糕待遇）与文章内容相反，文章是在赞扬一种好的做
法。选项D（解释新劳动合同法的细节）不准确，文章只是将法律作为参照，并非要解释法律本身。
4. A
细节理解题。 题目询问新政策带来了什么结果。根据文章第四段，“ This mutual respect not only
motivates the workforce but also builds trust among consumers...”（这种相互尊重不仅激励了员工，也在消费
者心中建立了信任……）。选项A“Employees became more dedicated and consumer trust grew.”（员工变得
更加敬业，消费者信任也增长了）是对此信息的精准概括。选项B（公司得以开设更多新店）和选项D
（创始人在社交媒体上成为明星）在文中虽有提及，但并非新政策直接带来的结果，而是公司已有的状
态或创始人的个人行为。选项C（所有难缠的顾客都被禁止入内）与原文信息不符，文章说的是顾客将面
临“法律后果”，而非全部被禁止入店。
Passage 4
Fanjia Primary School offers a special education that focuses on students' personal growth, not just their
academic scores. Located in a village in Sichuan, the school combines traditional learning with nature-based
activities, creating a unique learning environment. Originally, it mainly served local rural children, but its
innovative approach has now attracted families from across the country.
This approach has drawn families from China's big cities who are escaping the fierce academic competition.
A mother from Nanjing, Zheng Min, moved her son out of a top public school because he was stressed and losing
interest in learning. The strict rules and heavy homework burden in the city had dampened his enthusiasm.
Similarly, a father from Beijing, Wu Wei, transferred his son to seek a more natural and relaxed growing
environment, as his son had become anxious under strict management where he wasn't even allowed to play
during breaks.
Principal Zhang Pingyuan supports a student-centered philosophy. The school does not rank students by
grades; instead, it encourages personal development. When a student makes a mistake, teachers use a five-step
conversation method to understand their thoughts and guide them, rather than punishing them. This approach
helps students feel supported and valued. The curriculum often takes place outdoors, with students connecting to
nature through activities like exploring caves and observing plants, turning their world into a vast classroom.
These changes have led to significant positive results. Zheng's son now looks forward to school, enjoying his
learning experience even though his grades haven't improved dramatically. Wu's son has become more outgoing
and even confidently talks with the principal. Parents observe that their children are growing not just
academically, but also socially and emotionally, building stronger relationships with teachers and classmates.
The school’s success has gained official recognition. It moved away from relying only on exam scores,
adopting a broader system to evaluate student progress, including reading and labor habits. Fanjia Primary’s
innovative model recently won a major provincial award. The school is now planning to expand, adding new
facilities and introducing middle school education to meet the growing demand and share its successful
experience.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To criticize the pressure of urban education.
B. To introduce a school’s successful educational method.
C. To argue for the education in rural schools.
D. To compare the different lives of urban and rural children.
2. What did parents think was wrong with their children’s previous schools?
A. The management of students was overly strict.
B. The academic challenges were not sufficient.
C. The extracurricular activities were not diverse.
D. The teacher-student ratio was too low.
3. What can be inferred about the five-step conversation method?
A. It is more effective than punishment.
B. It helps build a positive teacher-student relationship.
C. It is a complicated method for solving behavior problems.
D. It is based on modern educational theories.
4. What does the school’s plan to expand indicate?
A. Its educational philosophy has gained wide acceptance.
B. Rural education is becoming a new trend.
C. It needs more space for nature activities.
D. The government is providing more support for the school.
答案与解析：
文章大意：本文介绍了四川的范家小学，其独特的教育理念优先考虑学生的个人成长、幸福感和与
自然的联系，而非学业竞争。文章解释了这种方法如何吸引了来自城市的家庭，详细描述了学校的具体
做法，并展示了其对学生的积极影响，最终获得了官方认可并计划扩张。
1.B
主旨大意题。 文章整体围绕范家小学展开，首先介绍其独特的教育理念（关注个人成长而非成绩），
然后通过城市家庭的例子说明其吸引力，接着详细描述学校的具体教育方法（如五步对话法、自然课
堂），最后展示其积极成果和未来的发展计划。整个文章的核心是介绍这所学校的成功教育模式。A 选
项（批评城市教育的压力）只是文章的部分背景信息，是为了引出范家小学的做法，并非文章主旨。C 选
项（为农村学校的教育辩护）范围过大，文章聚焦于范家小学这一特例，而非泛指所有农村学校。D 选
项（比较城市和农村儿童的不同生活）并非文章重点，文章的落脚点是教育方法，而非生活对比。
2.A
细节理解题。 根据文章第二段，城市家长转学的原因在于之前学校的环境。文中提到郑敏的儿子所
在的城市学校有“strict rules and heavy homework burden”（严格的规则和沉重的作业负担），吴伟的儿子
所在的学校“under strict management where he wasn't even allowed to play during breaks”（在严格管理下，
课间甚至不允许玩耍）。这些都说明之前学校对学生的管理过于严格，限制了学生的自由。B 选项（学术
挑战不足）与文意相反，城市学校的学业竞争非常激烈。C 选项（课外活动不够多样）文章并未提及，文
中提到的是课外活动带来的压力，而不是多样性问题。D 选项（师生比例太低）文章完全没有相关信息。
3.B
推理判断题。 文章第三段描述了五步对话法：“ This approach helps students feel supported and
valued”（这种方法帮助学生感到被支持和被重视）。第四段则提到结果：“building stronger relationships
with teachers and classmates”（与老师和同学建立更牢固的关系）。由此可以推断，这种对话式的方法有
助于建立积极、健康的师生关系。A 选项（比惩罚更有效）虽然可能是事实，但文章并未直接对比其与
惩罚的效果，只是陈述了其积极作用，属于过度推断。C 选项（是解决行为问题的复杂方法）文章描述了
五个步骤，但并未强调其“复杂性”，且其目的不仅是“解决问题”，更是“引导”和“理解”。D 选
项（基于现代教育理论）文章未提及该方法的理论基础，属于无中生有。
4.A
推理判断题。 文章最后一段指出，学校因其创新模式获得了省级大奖，并且“ is now planning to
expand... to meet the growing demand”（现在正计划扩张……以满足日益增长的需求）。一个学校获得官方
认可并且需求不断增长，以至于需要扩张，这最直接地表明了其教育理念得到了广泛的认可和成功。B 选
项（农村教育成为新趋势）以偏概全，文章只讲了一所学校的成功，不能推断出整个农村教育都成为趋
势。C 选项（需要更多空间进行自然活动）可能是扩张的原因之一，但不是根本性的指示。根本性的指示
是其模式的成功和受欢迎程度。D 选项（政府正在为学校提供更多支持）文章只提到学校获奖，并未说
明政府是否在后续的扩张计划中提供了支持，属于过度推断。
Passage 5
China is actively transforming its subway construction by introducing smart equipment, aiming to shift from
traditional manual labor to more intelligent methods. This significant change is driven by the desire to improve
workplace safety, enhance construction quality, and reduce overall costs. The adoption of advanced technology
represents a major step forward for the nation's urban transit development.
Traditionally, building the solid concrete walls of a subway station was a tough and risky job. Workers had to
use heavy vibrating rods to compact the concrete, which often led to physical exhaustion. This manual process
was not only dangerous but also prone to human error. Common problems included uneven shaking, which left
holes and rough surfaces on the walls. These defects meant that construction quality was often inconsistent,
requiring repairs that caused delays and increased expenses.
To overcome these challenges, a new type of intelligent machine has been developed. This equipment moves
on a track and features a long, movable arm to cover large areas. It is equipped with various sensors, including
cameras and vibration detectors, which allow it to operate with high precision. The machine can automatically
plan its working route and adjust its movements in real-time to ensure the concrete is perfectly compacted. It can
be controlled remotely or run fully automatically, with one operator able to monitor two devices at once.
The benefits of this new technology are remarkable. In terms of quality, it has nearly eliminated human-
related construction errors, achieving a nearly perfect finish that is strong on the inside and smooth on the outside.
For efficiency, a single machine can do the work of four to six workers and can operate continuously without
getting tired. Furthermore, the use of this smart equipment leads to significant cost savings for each station,
making the entire construction project more economical and efficient.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The history of China's subway development.
B. The advantages of smart equipment in subway building.
C. A detailed guide for operating construction machines.
D. The daily life of a construction worker in China.
2. What can be inferred about the traditional construction method?
A. It was considered a very safe and easy job.
B. It always produced high-quality concrete walls.
C. It often faced issues with quality and efficiency.
D. It required very few workers to complete a task.
3. How does the new smart equipment ensure high construction quality?
A. By relying on the skill of experienced workers.
B. By using sensors and automatically adjusting its work.
C. By working much faster than any human can.
D. By using less concrete to build the walls.
4. What is the primary motivation for developing the new equipment?
A. To completely replace human workers in construction.
B. To solve the problems existing in the old methods.
C. To show off China's advanced technology to the world.
D. To make the construction sites look more modern.
答案与解析：
文章大意：本文主要介绍了中国通过引入智能设备来推动地铁建设的现代化。文章首先指出了传统
人工施工方式存在的安全风险和质量问题，然后详细阐述了一款新型智能机器的工作原理和技术特点，
最后总结了该设备在提升工程质量、效率和节约成本方面带来的显著优势。
1. B
主旨大意题。文章的核心内容是围绕智能设备在地铁建设中的应用及其带来的好处展开的。第一段
提出主题，第二、三、四段分别对比了传统方法的弊端、介绍了新设备的工作方式，并详细列举了其在
质量、效率和成本上的优势。因此，“智能设备在地铁建设中的优势”最准确地概括了全文主旨。
2. C
推理判断题。根据第二段，传统方法不仅“tough and risky”（艰苦且危险），而且“prone to human
error”（容易出错），会导致“holes and rough surfaces”（孔洞和粗糙表面），并且“inconsistent”（质量
不稳定），需要返工从而“caused delays”（导致延误）。这些都直接或间接地表明传统方法在质量和效
率方面存在问题。
3. B
细节理解题。根据第三段，新设备“is equipped with various sensors”（配备了各种传感器），并且
“can automatically plan its working route and adjust its movements in real-time”（可以自动规划工作路线并实
时调整动作）。这正是其保证高质量的关键。
4. B
推理判断题，考查对作者意图的把握。文章第二段详细描述了传统方法的各种问题：危险、易出错、
质量不稳定、成本高。紧接着第三段开头就说“To overcome these challenges, a new type of intelligent
machine has been developed”（为了克服这些挑战，一种新型智能机器被开发出来）。这明确表明，开发
新设备的主要动机就是为了解决旧方法中存在的种种问题。
Passage 6
A Chinese research team has developed a new AI tool called DeepWheat, designed to revolutionize crop
breeding. This innovation offers a way to predict how genes will behave in different parts of a plant, a long-
standing challenge in agriculture. The wheat genome is especially complex, even larger than the human genome,
which has made understanding its functions difficult. By overcoming this barrier, DeepWheat provides a new path
to creating excellent crop varieties with desirable qualities.
DeepWheat’s key strength lies in its ability to handle the complex effects of genes. Many important genes
can have a dual role, being either helpful or harmful depending on where and when they are active. For instance, a
gene might increase grain size but reduce the number of branches on a plant. This complex interaction has made
traditional breeding difficult. The AI tool helps scientists see these potential trade-offs by predicting tissue-
specific outcomes, allowing for more informed decisions.
Traditional methods often relied on a slow and unpredictable process of trial and error. Researchers would
have to edit countless gene sites, hoping to find one that worked, which was both time-consuming and wasteful.
DeepWheat offers a smarter alternative. It uses computer simulations to test all possible gene changes and
pinpoint the ones most likely to produce the desired result. This targeted approach means scientists only carry out
the edits most likely to succeed, greatly improving efficiency and accuracy.
The impact of DeepWheat extends beyond wheat. It has been successfully applied to other major crops like
rice and corn. By providing a way to fine-tune gene control, the tool helps solve a key breeding problem:
improving one trait (like yield) might unintentionally weaken another (like disease resistance). DeepWheat helps
balance these competing needs, speeding up the development of high-performance plants that combine multiple
positive characteristics. It represents a major leap forward in agricultural science.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce an AI tool for improving crops.
B. To explain the complexity of the wheat genome.
C. To compare traditional and modern farming methods.
D. To discuss the risks of using AI in science.
2. What can be inferred about traditional breeding methods?
A. They are no longer used by scientists.
B. They are costly and inefficient.
C. They focus mainly on growing rice.
D. They are more accurate than AI tools.
3. How does DeepWheat help solve a key problem in breeding?
A. By making the wheat genome smaller.
B. By predicting gene changes to balance traits.
C. By increasing the number of genes in plants.
D. By removing the need for laboratory editing.
4. What does DeepWheat do before scientists perform actual edits?
A. It grows new crops in fields.
B. It runs computer simulations to find the best edits.
C. It analyzes historical data on successful crops.
D. It consults with other plant breeding experts.
答案与解析：
文章大意：本文介绍了一种名为DeepWheat 的新型AI 工具。该工具通过预测基因在不同植物组织中
的表达效果，帮助科学家克服作物育种的复杂性。它利用计算机模拟进行精准的基因编辑指导，解决了
传统育种方法效率低下和性状相互制约的难题，从而加速了优良作物品种的开发进程。
1. A
主旨大意题。文章开篇即点明主旨，介绍了一个名为DeepWheat 的AI 工具。全文围绕这个工具展开，
详细说明了它的工作原理、相比传统方法的优势以及它在作物育种领域的重大意义。选项B（解释小麦基
因组的复杂性）只是文章为了说明DeepWheat 必要性而提到的背景信息，并非主旨。选项C（比较传统
与现代育种方法）是文章的一部分内容，但不是核心目的。选项D（讨论AI 在科学中的风险）文章并未
提及。因此，最能概括全文主旨的是A 选项。
2. B
推理判断题。文章第三段描述了传统育种方法，使用了“a slow and unpredictable process of trial and
error”（缓慢且不可预测的试错过程）、“time-consuming and wasteful”（耗时且浪费）等词语。由此可以
推断出，传统育种方法是高成本、低效率的。选项A（科学家不再使用）与原文不符，原文只是说它效
率低，并未说被完全取代。选项C（主要关注水稻）是错误的，文章提到水稻是为了说明DeepWheat 的
广泛应用。选项D（比AI 更准确）与原文信息相反，原文明确指出AI 工具能“greatly improving
efficiency and accuracy”（大大提高效率和准确性）。因此，B 选项是合理的推断。
3. B
细节理解题。题目问DeepWheat 如何帮助解决育种中的一个关键问题。文章第四段提到，育种中的
一个关键问题是“improving one trait might unintentionally weaken another”（改善一个性状可能会无意中削
弱另一个）。而DeepWheat 通过“providing a way to fine-tune gene control”（提供一种微调基因控制的方
法）来“help balance these competing needs”（帮助平衡这些相互竞争的需求）。这与B 选项“通过预测基
因变化来平衡性状”的含义完全吻合。选项A（使基因组变小）、C（增加基因数量）和D（消除实验室
编辑的需要）在文中均无依据，甚至与原文信息相悖。
4. B
细节理解题。题目问在科学家进行实际编辑之前，DeepWheat 会做什么。文章第三段明确说明：“It
uses computer simulations to test all possible gene changes and pinpoint the ones most likely to produce the
desired result. This targeted approach means scientists only carry out the edits most likely to succeed...”（它使用
计算机模拟来测试所有可能的基因变化，并精确定位最有可能产生期望结果的那些变化。这种有针对性
的方法意味着科学家只进行最有可能成功的编辑……）。这直接对应了B 选项的内容。选项A（在田间
种植新作物）、C（分析历史数据）和D（咨询专家）在原文中均未提及。
Passage 7
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Promoting 1. market-driven allocation of resources is key to building a single national market and a
modern economy. Currently, China's resource markets face some limits. Local interests often create barriers for
land, labor, and technology, preventing the best use of these resources and weakening economic growth.
Advancing this reform depends on a balance between an efficient market and a helpful government. The
market should play the main role in deciding how resources are used. Meanwhile, the government must ensure the
smooth flow of all factors and create a fair environment for 2. (compete).
Resources are not fixed; they change as the economy grows. Besides traditional factors like land and labor,
new ones such as technology and data are becoming more important. These new factors do not replace traditional
ones 3. enhance them. For example, when empowered by digital technologies, traditional factors can shift
4. low-efficiency use to high-value transformation. This combination provides strong support for the
application of new technologies and is crucial for developing modern economic growth.
China 5. (start) pilot reform plans in key regions to advance this process. The reform will guide
resources toward high-end manufacturing and green industries. It will also encourage the free flow of new
resources like data, 6. (give) rise to new business models and creating new opportunities. By unifying rules
and improving trading platforms, these actions will build confidence among businesses and attract more private
investment into innovation.
To achieve success, it is essential to improve the overall 7. (efficient) of resource allocation. Prices
should be decided by market supply and demand, with less unnecessary government control. Compensation
should reflect the true market value of each factor's 8. （contribute）. Building a unified, well-regulated,
and secure resource market requires a system 9. can work effectively. This will surely support sustainable
and high-quality development for the future, 10. (make) our country stronger and more competitive.
【答案】1.a 2.competition 3.but 4.from 5.has started
6.giving 7.efficiency 8.contribution 9.that/which 10.making
【解析】
文章大意：本文主要探讨了中国通过市场化配置资源来促进经济发展的改革。文章首先指出了当前
资源市场存在的地方壁垒问题，然后阐述了市场与政府在改革中应扮演的角色。接着，文章强调传统生
产要素与新兴技术要素并非替代关系，而是互补关系，新技术能赋予传统要素新的潜力。最后，文章说
明了改革的目标和具体措施，包括完善定价机制、建立统一规范的市场，以支持高质量和可持续的发展。
1.考查冠词。此处 “market-driven allocation” 是一个可数名词短语，且在文中首次提及，表示泛指
“一种以市场为导向的配置”，因此用不定冠词 “a”。
2.考查词性转换（动词变名词）。介词“for”后面要接名词，故填competition。
3.考查并列连词。根据上文 “do not replace” 可知，此处构成 “not... but...” 结构，意为“不是……
而是……”，表示转折关系。
4.考查介词。根据 “shift ... to ...” 结构，表示“从……转变为……”。此处指从“低效利用”转变
为“高价值转型”。
5.考查动词时态。根据上下文，中国已经开始实施改革计划，这个动作从过去开始并持续到现在或对
现在有影响，因此使用现在完成时 “has started”。
6.考查非谓语动词（现在分词作结果状语）。逗号后的 “giving rise to...” 是前面主句 “encourage
the free flow of new resources like data” 所带来的自然结果，主语与动词 give 之间是主动关系，故用现在
分词。
7.考查词性转换（形容词变名词）。此处需要名词作动词 “improve” 的宾语。提示词 “efficient”
是形容词，其名词形式是 “efficiency”，意为“效率”。
8.考查词性转换（动词变名词）。根据前文中的名词所有格“ factor’s”可知此处要用名词，故填
contribution。
9.考查定语从句的引导词。空格后面是一个句子，用来修饰前面的名词 “system”，因此是定语从句。
引导词在从句中作主语，指代物，所以可以用 “that” 或 “which”。
10.考查非谓语动词（现在分词作伴随状语）。逗号后的 “making our country stronger...” 是主句
“This will surely support...” 的伴随结果，主语 “This” 与动词 “make” 之间是主动关系，故用现在分
词。
