ARTICLE · 1069548
高考英语全国二卷阅读C篇精讲|读懂观点类说明文,抓准主旨与指代
高考英语全国二卷阅读C篇精讲|读懂观点类说明文,抓准主旨与指代 想学习更多系列讲座，关注公众号点击私信后，下方菜单栏可选 在高考英语阅读理解里，观点说明文一直是很多同学的难点：文章没有故事人物，围绕一个抽象概念展开，长句多，容易读着读着就迷失重点。 2026全国二卷C篇就是典型的这一类考题，我们一起来拆解原文、题目、做题思路，掌握这类阅读的通用解题技巧。 原文完整摘录 The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8 849 meters above sea level. Chimborazo, 6 263 m; Mont Blanc, 4 806 m; Pradidali hut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites, 2 278 m. It is common practice to provide the elevation(高度) of a place. Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables. But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed—we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book I tell a story of these assumptions. Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group. Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters(测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 题目 28.What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? A. Some mountains are getting higher. B. Data on wearables is misleading. C. The concept of elevation is relative. D. The reference point is hard to locate. 29.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. How the altimeter was invented. B. What initiated the author’s research. C. Why the digital readings varied. D. Where the author spent his holiday. 30.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph? A. The book. B. The project. C. The issue. D. The development. 31.What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A. The Altimeter : A Must-Have B. Sea Level : A History C. Meaning of Zero : Nothing or Everything D. Mountains to Seas : Ups and Downs 文章体裁特点分析 这篇属于观点类说明文，是高考阅读C篇的高频类型。 ✅ 文章结构特点： 1. 开篇先用珠峰等海拔数据引入话题，用例子引出核心论点； 2. 中间段落介绍书本创作背景、作者的亲身经历； 3. 结尾介绍书籍研究内容，联系海平面上升现实问题。 这类文章不会考细节小故事，重点考察：作者观点、段落主旨、代词指代、文章标题。 高考C篇命题逻辑：重在理解作者的看法，而不是单纯找数字信息。 ✅ 高频题型：主旨题、细节观点题、代词指代题、标题题，正好对应本篇4道小题。 逐题精讲+解题技巧 28题 题干：What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? 翻译：作者在文章开头指出了什么？ 【技巧】开头观点题，重点找转折词But！ 在说明文里，But后面才是作者真正想表达的核心观点，前面列举珠峰、各个山峰海拔，只是例子，用来引出观点。 原文：But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. 翻译：但是海拔本身是相对的：只有选定参考点，我们才能用数字表达物体或者地点的高度。 A. Some mountains are getting higher.（一些山变高）原文完全没有，无中生有 B. Data on wearables is misleading.（可穿戴设备数据有误导性）。原文只是说手机设备能轻松读出高度，没有说数据是误导的，过度推断。 C. The concept of elevation is relative. 海拔这个概念是相对的。✅和But后面原句完全对应。 D. The reference point is hard to locate. 参考点很难找到。原文只说需要参考点，没有说很难定位。 👉答案：C 技巧总结：议论文/说明文，But/however后面=核心观点，前面举例只是铺垫。 29题 题干：What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? 翻译：第三段主要讲了什么？ 【技巧】段落主旨题，优先找段落收尾句，抓因果逻辑。 第三段：作者度假徒步，几台测高仪读数有细微差别。这种不确定感，让作者开始思考“零”的含义，由此开启了对海平面概念史的研究。 A. How the altimeter was invented. 测高仪如何发明。原文完全没讲发明过程。 B. What initiated the author’s research. 是什么启发、开启了作者的研究。✅ C. Why the digital readings varied. 为什么读数不一样。原文只是提出疑问，没有解释原因，这个只是事件引子，不是段落主旨。 D. Where the author spent his holiday. 作者在哪度假。度假只是背景，不是段落核心。 👉答案：B 技巧总结：段落主旨题，不要把段落里面的小细节当成主旨。细节是例子，例子是为了引出后面的核心事件。 30题 题干：What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph? 翻译：最后一段划线词it指代什么？ 【技巧】代词指代题，往前找，就近找名词。 原句：the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent 拆分：the issue of sea-level rise（海平面上升这个问题），需要从历史角度来看待这个问题（it）。 it 指代前面的 the issue。 A. The book.书 B. The project.项目 C. The issue.问题 ✅ D. The development.发展 👉答案：C 技巧总结：代词it/that/which，绝大多数情况指代前面最近的核心名词，不要跳很远找。 31题 题干：What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? 翻译：文中提到的这本书，书名可以是哪一个？ 【技巧】书籍标题题，抓全书核心主题。 原文多处提示： ① In this book I tell a story of these assumptions（海平面背后的种种假设） ② In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. 这本书研究平均海平面的历史。 A. The Altimeter : A Must-Have 测高仪：必备工具。测高仪只是引子，不是书主题。 B. Sea Level : A History 《海平面：一段历史》✅完全匹配。 C. Meaning of Zero : Nothing or Everything “零的含义”，只是作者思考的一个小点，不是全书主题。 D. Mountains to Seas : Ups and Downs 从山到海：起起伏伏。偏离文章核心。 👉答案：B 本篇通用解题方法论总结（观点说明文通用） 1. 例子不重要，观点最重要 文章开头大量数据、举例，都是引子。But后面才是作者核心观点，做第一道主旨题，优先锁定转折词。 2. 段落主旨，区分“引子细节”和“核心结果” 像29题，测高仪读数不同只是一个小事件，这件事带来的结果（开启研究）才是段落主旨。不要把事例当成主旨。 3. 代词指代，就近向前找名词 高考英语代词题几乎全部是“就近指代”，不要跨很多句子去猜测。 4. 标题题：抓全文反复出现的核心词 本篇反复出现 sea level、history，反复重复的名词就是文章核心，选项里面必须包含核心词。 阅读备考小提示 高考C篇的说明文，生词多、句子偏长，很多同学一看到长难句就紧张。 做题不用逐字翻译，先看题干，带着问题回原文定位，优先抓逻辑词（but, so, this is how…），抓作者观点，而不是死抠每一个单词。 想学习更多系列讲座，关注公众号点击私信后，下方菜单栏可选