人教高中英语必修三Unit4 10个超级重难点高频词精讲+配套练习题

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1. determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；确定；查明

1. 同根变形：determined adj. 有决心的；determination n. 决心

2. 必考搭配

▪ determine to do sth 决定做某事

▪ be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事（完形、写作高频）

▪ determine the result 决定结果

3. 写作例句：Your efforts determine how far you can go. 你的努力决定你能走多远。

2. launch /lɔːntʃ/ v. & n. 发射；发起；推出

1. 必考搭配

▪ launch a satellite/rocket 发射卫星/火箭

▪ launch a campaign 发起活动

▪ launch new products 推出新产品

2. 高考考点：一词多义，完形填空常考“发起；推出”，阅读理解航天语境常考“发射”。

3. independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的；自主的

1. 同根变形：independence n. 独立；independently adv. 独立地

2. 固定短语：be independent of 不依赖……；不受……控制

3. 写作加分句：Teenagers should learn to be independent of their parents. 青少年应该学会不依赖父母、独立自主。

4. lack /læk/ v. & n. 缺乏，不足

1. 易混考点区分（高考高频易错）

▪ lack sth（动词，直接接宾语）

▪ a lack of sth（名词短语，缺乏某物）

▪ be lacking in sth（形容词短语，侧重欠缺特质/经验）

2. 易错警示：lack 作动词无被动语态，不可说 be lacked。

5. sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 足够的，充足的

1. 变形：sufficiently adv. 足够地；insufficient adj. 不足的（反义词）

2. 搭配：sufficient evidence/time/money 充足的证据/时间/金钱

3. 写作高分同义替换：enough、adequate

6. transmit /trænsˈmɪt/ vt. 传输；传播；传导

1. 变形：transmission n. 传播；传输

2. 高频搭配

▪ transmit signals/data 传输信号/数据

▪ transmit diseases 传播疾病

3. 考情：高频出现于科技、通讯、健康类阅读语境。

7. monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ v. 监测；监控 n. 监视器；班长

1. 一词多义考点（单选、完形必考）

▪ 动词：监测身体状况、监控局势/数据

▪ 名词：电脑显示器、班级班长、监测仪器

2. 经典例句：Doctors monitor patients’ heart rates day and night. 医生日夜监测病人的心率。

8. argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ v. 争论；论证；主张

1. 变形：argument n. 争论；论点；论据

2. 核心搭配

▪ argue with sb about sth 和某人争论某事

▪ argue that… 主张/认为……（议论文万能句型）

9. result in 短语动词 导致，造成

1. 高频易混辨析（改错、完形必考）

▪ result in + 结果（导致……）

▪ result from + 原因（由……引起）

2. 同义替换：lead to、bring about（写作升级词汇）

10. figure out 短语动词 弄明白；算出；解决

1. 适用语境：破解难题、理解抽象事物、核算数据、摸清原理

2. 同义替换：work out、make out

二、配套分层练习题（高中标准难度）

题型一：单项选择（10 题）

1. The little girl is ______ to become an astronaut when she grows up.

A. determine B. determined  C. determination  D. determining

2. The space agency plans to ______ a new spacecraft to explore Mars next year.

A. launch B. carry  C. float  D. transmit

3. Young people need to think ______ and not rely on their parents all the time.

A. independent B. independence  C. independently  D. dependent

4. His failure is caused by a ______ of self-confidence rather than lack of ability.

A. lack B. short  C. plenty  D. limit

5. There is not ______ evidence to prove his idea is correct.

A. sufficient B. shallow  C. fatal  D. regular

6. Radio stations ______ news and music through airwaves every day.

A. float B. transmit  C. monitor  D. argue

7. Scientists ______ the temperature change on the planet for many years.

A. have monitored B. monitored  C. monitor  D. are monitoring

8. Many experts ______ that space exploration is valuable for mankind.

A. lack B. figure out  C. argue  D. launch

9. Careless driving may ______ serious traffic accidents.

A. result from B. result in  C. carry on  D. run out

10. It took me three hours to ______ how to operate the new space equipment.

A. figure out B. attach to  C. provide for  D. recycle

题型二：词形变换（用所给词正确形式填空）

1. His ________ (determine) to explore the universe inspires all students.

2. The ________ (launch) of the satellite drew worldwide attention.

3. Every country fights for national ________ (independent).

4. The plan failed because of ________ (lack) of financial support.

5. We have ________ (sufficient) prepared food for the space experiment.

6. The ________ (transmit) of signals will be stopped at midnight.

7. The medical team keeps ________ (monitor) the patient’s physical condition.

8. They had a heated ________ (argue) about the future of space travel.

9. The mistake ________ (result) in a big loss last month.

10. After hours of thinking, he finally ________ (figure) out the complex data.

题型三：短语/固定搭配填空（每空一词）

1. She is determined ______ achieve her dream of spacewalk.

2. The factory will launch ______ new energy-saving products next month.

3. Teenagers should be independent ______ their families.

4. Many students are lacking ______ practical experience.

5. The solar panel can provide ______ sufficient power for the module.

6. The virus can be transmitted ______ air and water.

7. Researchers monitor changes ______ gravity day and night.

8. People often argue ______ each other about scientific frontiers.

9. Ignoring safety rules results ______ fatal accidents.

10. Can you figure ______ the working principle of the telescope?

题型四：中英互译（书写练习）

英译汉

1. The scientists are determined to push the frontiers of space science.

________________________________________________________________

2. This new device can transmit data independently without wire support.

________________________________________________________________

汉译英

1. 充足的氧气是宇航员在航天器中生存的基础。

________________________________________________________________

2. 这场争论最终导致项目推迟了三个月。

________________________________________________________________

3. 经过一周研究，我们终于弄清楚了火星土壤的构成。

________________________________________________________________

三、标准答案与精准解析（零差错修订版）

题型一：单项选择答案+解析

1. B 解析：be determined to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“下定决心做某事”。

2. A 解析：launch a spacecraft 发射航天器，为航天主题固定搭配。

3. C 解析：副词 independently 修饰动词 think，表“独立思考”。

4. A 解析：a lack of 为固定名词短语，意为“缺乏……”。

5. A 解析：sufficient evidence 充足的证据，符合语境。

6. B 解析：transmit news/signals 传输新闻、发射信号。

7. A 解析：for many years 是现在完成时标志，表动作持续至今。

8. C 解析：argue that... 意为“主张、认为”，适配专家发表观点的语境。

9. B 解析：result in 后接结果，意为“导致”；result from 后接原因。

10. A 解析：figure out 弄懂、摸清（设备原理/操作方式）。

题型二：词形变换答案（已修正原错题）

1. determination 2. launch  3. independence  4. lacking  5. sufficiently

6. transmission 7. monitoring  8. argument  9. resulted  10. figured

重点纠错：第4题 because of 后接名词/动名词，必须用 lacking，原答案 lack 语法错误。

题型三：短语填空答案（全部修正搭配错误）

1. to 2. /（不填）  3. of  4. in  5. /（不填）

6. through 7. in  8. with  9. in  10. out

重点纠错：

1. launch 后直接接宾语，无需加 out，launch out 语义不符；

2. provide 直接接双宾语，provide for 表“赡养”，语境错误，无需加 for。

题型四：中英互译标准答案（规范学术表达）

英译汉

1. 这些科学家立志开拓空间科学的前沿领域。

2. 这款新设备可脱离有线支撑，独立传输数据。

汉译英参考范文

1. Sufficient oxygen is the foundation for astronauts to survive in spacecraft.

2. This argument finally resulted in a three-month delay of the project.

3. After a week’s research, we finally figured out the composition of Martian soil.

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