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理 论 精 讲 - 词 法 3
▹ 讲师：慕伊
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填空：
1.同级比较：A is to B______ C is to D
2.可以修饰比较级的词：”五多”：__________________________________
3.____Christmas day
4.从内部“穿过”:_____
5.非同类事物排除:______________PART 06
数词
Numeral一、基数词用法要点
（一）表示年龄：表示某人五十岁、六十岁等几十岁时。
构成：in+one's+逢十基数词复数
• in one's fifties.
（二）表示年代：表示几十年代,“in the +基数词复数”
• 在 20 世纪 80 年代: in the 1980s = in the 1980's一、基数词用法要点
7:15 6:00
10:30 4:45二、序数词用法要点
1. 序数词前一般要加定冠词 the。
2. 表示“又一，再一”时，序数词前一般要加定冠词 a。
3.下列四种情况，序数词前不用冠词。
①序数词前有物主代词或名词所有格，不用冠词。【例】This is Tom’s second visit to China.
②表示比赛或考试的名次时，通常省略定冠词。 【例】He was (the) second in the English exam.
③序数词被用作副词时不用冠词。 【例】I have to finish my homework first.
④在某些习语中，不用冠词。 【例】at first 起初；first of all 首先；at first sight 乍一看。三、分数、小数、百分比的表达法
（一）分数表达法
分子 基数词 >1 分子 基数词
分数 = = = 分数 = = = 分子 +in/out of+分母
分母 序数词 +S 分母 基数词
2
= two thirds=two out of three/ two in three
3
判断依据：
Two thirds of students are girls.
主体名词一致
Two thirds of food has been eaten.三、分数、小数、百分比的表达法
（二）小数表达法
（1） one point five six (1.56), ten point three five (10.35)。
（2）“1.3 米”读作 1.3 meters
“1 厘米 ≈ 0.3937 英寸”读作 One centimeter approximately equals 0.3937 inches。
（三）百分数表达法
fifteen percent (15%), zero point six percent (0.6%)。四、 用法要点
dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million
（一）与具体数字连用时，通常用单数，其后也不接介词 of。
【例】About three million workers were on strike.
（二）不与具体数字连用时，词尾不仅要加 -s, 而且其后要接介词 of，然后才能接名词。
【例 1】I’ve read it dozens/scores of times.
【例 2】Millions of people are homeless.
（三）当这些词与 a few, several, many 等数目不具体的词连用时，用单数或复数形式均可。
但要注意，若用单数，其后的介词 of 可以省略；若用复数，则其后的介词 of 不能省略。
【例 1】There I saw several hundred (of) foreign guests.
【例 2】There I saw several hundreds of foreign guests.
注意：some hundred people VS. some hundreds of people【巩固提升】1. It is not rare in _______ that people in ________ fifties are going to
university for further education.
A. 90s; the
B. the 90s; /
C. 90s; their
D. the 90s; their【巩固提升】2. ________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is
D. Two fifths; are【巩固提升】3. It is reported that the floods have left about ________ people homeless.
A. two thousand
B. two-thousands
C. two thousands
D. two thousands ofPART 07
连词
Conjunction一、连词的分类
种类(功能) 功能 连词
从属连词 引导从句
when, while, if, although, so, that
and, but, or, as well as, both...and, not
并列连词 连接平行的词、词组及句子
only...but also, either...or, neither...nor ,二、连词的用法
【例1】We were singing and dancing all the evening.
【例2】Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?
【例3】I would like to come but, I am so busy.
【例4】Blessed is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed.【巩固提升】Leave the reference books behind, ______ you won’t be able to think
independently.
A. or
B. and
C. so
D. but【巩固提升】2. Kevin’s teacher saw him as quiet and shy, ______ with his friends he was
exactly the opposite.
A. or
B. for
C. but
D. so【2023上初中】Would you like a cup of coffee ______ shall we get down to business right away?
A. or
B. and
C. then
D. otherwisePART 08
动词
Verb【巩固提升】4. You can’ t predict everything. Often things don’ t ________ as you
expect.
A. run out
B. break out
C. work out
D. put out（三 实义动词 时态
) -
1.动词时态变化（以do为例）
方式/时间 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 do(does) did shall/will do should/would do
am/is/are was/were shall/will be should/would be
进行
doing doing doing doing
have/has shall/will have should/would/could
完成 had done
done done have done
have/has had been shall/will have should/would have
完成进行
been doing doing been doing been doing（1）一般现在时 Simple present tense
① 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
② 表示客观真理、客观存在、科学事实
The earth moves around the sun.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
③ 用在格言或警句中
④ 表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性等
⑤ 主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）
⑥ 在以 here, there 开头的句子中，go, come 等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作
There goes the bell./Here she comes.
⑦ 按照计划表、时刻表安排好的事情。
The plane takes off at 7:30 a.m.
The meeting starts at five o’clock this afternoon.（2）一般过去时 Simple past tense
①表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
He suddenly fell ill last night.
②表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作，常和 often（经常）, always（总是）,
once a week（一周一次）等表示频度的时间状语连用
When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside.
She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school.（3）一般将来时 Simple future tense1. He concluded his speech with a remark that failure ____the mother of success.
A. is
B. were
C.was
D. must be2.There ______ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to
B. will going to be
C. is going to be
D. will go to be（4）现在进行时 Present continuous tense
is/am/are doing
①代替一般将来时，表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing.
② 代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
The Yangtze River is flowing into the east.
③be always/ continuously/ constantly/doing sth. 表示夸奖、埋怨等感情色彩。
You are always helping others.
He is always finding fault with me.（5）过去进行时 Past continuous tense
was/were doing
① 表示过去某一个特定时刻正在发生的事情
I was discussing my thesis with my director at this time last night.
②与一般过去时配合使用。此时，过去进行时通常表示一个历时较长的体现“背景”的
动作或状态；而一般过去时则表示此“背景”下发生的、短暂的动作或状态。过去进行
时动作先发生，一般过去时动作后发生。
The phone rang while I was having my bath, as usual.
was/were doing NOW
did(6)将来进行时 Future continuous tense
shall/will be doing
表示在将来某一特定时刻正在进行的活动。
I’ll be lying on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow.
Don’t telephone me after eight tomorrow. I’ll be having a meeting.1.He said that he _____ with Mr. Black at that time.
A. talked
B. was talking
C. is talking
D. would talk(7) 现在完成时 Present perfect tense
have/has done
①表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。
• I’ve known Bob for three years.
• I’ve been at this school since 1999.
②表示在不确定的过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响。谓语动词一般为短暂性动词
• He has broken his leg and he can’t walk.（通常不与明确的时间状语连用)
常见的标志词：recently, so far, lately,just, never...
③表示到目前为止的一个时间段内重复发生的动作。
• We have taken three tests so far this week.(7) 现在完成时 Present perfect tense
④ have/has been to 表示 “去过”（双程票）
have/has gone to 表示 “去了”（单程票）
• They have been to Beijing twice.
• ---Where’s Tony? ---He has gone to Beijing.
⑤ 短暂动词（即瞬间动词）
come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, borrow, marry,
finish, complete等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven’t received his letter for a month.容易混淆的时态比较（1）
一般过去时 & 现在完成时
练一练
Mr. Lee, who _______ as a carpenter for over 10 years, is now a very famous statesman in this country.
A. has worked B. had worked C. worked D. works容易混淆的时态比较（2）
现在完成时 & 现在完成进行时
现在完成时：着重表示动作的结果
现在完成进行时：着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。（看此时此刻动作有没有发生）
练一练
— Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
— I am tired. I ______ the living room all day. It will be finished in two hours.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have paintedMy dad still doesn't have a driving license. He ________ his driving test seven times!
A. has failed
B. failed
C. had failed
D. fails(8) 过去完成时 Past perfect tense
had done
（过去的过去）
• He had shut the door before the dog came in.
now
had shut came
• At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.
now
had ten
learned
常见标志词：by/before +过去时间
试填：The thief _______( run ) away when the police________(arrive).(8) 过去完成时（had done）
③ 常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打
算或意图。（本打算，本期望）
We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
④ 固定句型：hardly/scarcely...when...；no sooner...than...；it was the first time that ... had done...
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.(9) 将来完成时 Future perfect tense
will have done
①表示截至未来某个时刻已经完成的动作或状态；常与将来完成时搭配的时间
状语 by the time...，by the end of... 等
We will have covered thirty miles by the end of the day.
②表示将来某一时刻之前发生的动作对将来有影响
We will have been married for a year on June 25th.
③表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作，在该时刻之前的一段时间内重复发生
By five o’clock this afternoon the spaceship will have travelled eleven times
round the Earth.【巩固提升】1. —Can you find out our city ________ a lot in the last few years?
—Yes. The road is wider and the buildings are taller.
A. has changed
B. changes
C. changed
D. will change
