文档内容
理 论 精 讲 - 词 法 4
▹ 讲师：慕伊
更多干货关注 粉笔教师教育 粉笔教师温故知新
填空：
1.表示某人几十岁：______________
2.已经吃了三分之二的食物：___________ of food _____ been eaten.
3._____：按照计划表、时刻表安排好的事情
4.现在完成时的3种基本用法:______________（四）实义动词 语态
-
动词被动语态变化（以 do 为例）
被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面【巩固提升】2. I still live in that old apartment. My new house ________ and the work will
be done next month.
A. has decorated
B. had been decorated
C. is decorated
D. is being decorated2.主动表示被动
（1）feel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell, prove, remain等系动词，主语通常
是事物，且表示该事物本身具有某一特征。
【例 1】The dish tastes delicious.
【例 2】Water feels very cold.
（2）表示主语具备内在品质或性能，常见的动词：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook,
1
open, close, lock
【例 1】The clothes wash well.
【例 2】The book sells well.
（3）在日常用语中，某些动词用于进行时态时，可用主动形式表示被动含义，如
cook, bake, make, print, pack, build, work out 等。
【例】The plan is working out.1.主动表示被动
“三需要，两值得”
(4)表示“需要”的need, want, require后，表示需要做某事表示“值得”be worth,
deserve后，表示值得做某事，如：
The window wants/needs/requires repairing.
The book is worth/deserves reading twice
need/want/ require doing
= need/want/ require to be done
deserve doing
=deserve to be done2. 主动表示被动
（5）动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
①在“be+形容词+ to do”句型常用于此句型形容词有easy, hard, difficult, heavy, light, comfortable等。
【1】English words are difficult to remember.
②在作补语的形容词后作状语的不定式。 【2】We found the book easy to understand.
③在“this /that /these /those be + 名词”结构后的不定式。 【3】This is a difficult problem to solve.
④在 there be/have/with sth. to do（有……要……）结构中。 【4】I have a lot of work to do.
⑤在“疑问代词 + 不定式”结构中。 【5】The question is what to do next.
⑥ 在 be to blame / let 结构中。 【6】The house is to let. 此房出租。
【6】He is to blame for this. 这件事应该怪他。I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _____ the cloth _____ well.
A. have been told; washes
B. have told; washed
C. was told; washed
D. have been told; is washed二、情态动词1.情态动词一般用法
1. can/could
（1）表示能力
• 现在的能力：can
• 过去的能力：could 【例1】I could read books when I was four.
【例2】He is able to finish his homework with the teacher’s help.
• 用于各种时态：be able to
（2） 表示许可
提问时：请求别人允许自己做某事时，二者都可用，意为“可以...”
回答时：给予别人许可时，只能用 can/can’t
【例】—Can/Could I go now?（表请求）
—Yes, you can.（表允许）1.情态动词一般用法
2.must（主观要求）/ have to（客观必须）
• 在回答must 的一般疑问句时，否定式常用 needn’t 或 don’t have to，表示
“不必”，而不用 mustn’t；mustn’t 表示“不应该，不许，禁止”等。
【例】—Must I go now？
—No，you needn't/don't have to.1.情态动词一般用法
3. should /ought to
• 应该，应当(通用)
I should/ought to help him because he is in trouble.
• 本该（含有责备意味）（通用）
【例】You should/ought to have told me so before.
• 竟然，居然（惊讶）（should）
【例1】Why should you be so late today?
【例 2】It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.1.情态动词一般用法
4. may / might
表示“请求允许”二者均可，might 表示的语气较委婉
表示“给予允许”，用 may，不同意请求时用 can’t 或者 mustn’t
口语中可以用 can 代替 may
【例】—May/Might I sit here?
肯定回答：—Yes, you may/can；
否定回答：—No, you can’t/mustn’t.
Ø may 表示“祝愿”时
【例】May that day come soon.
【例】May you succeed in wining first prize in the game.1.情态动词一般用法
5. will / would
• 表示“意愿、请求”时，二者同义；不过，在问句中，would 表达的语气更加委婉
【例1】 I will never do it again.
【例 2】Will you give her the letter?
【例 3】Would you please tell me your telephone number?
• would表示过去的某一种习惯（不涉及现在）
• 【例】When we worked at the same office, we would often have coffee together.
used to 过去常常（现在没有这么做了）
【例】I used to swim every week.1.情态动词一般用法
6. dare / need
ü 作情态动词: 常用于否定句和疑问句needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…?
ü 做实义动词: 可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：
need(needs/needed) to do
dare(dares/dared) to do
don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need to do
don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) dare to do
【T/F】I daren't go out alone at night.
【T/F】Dare you let out the news to the public?
【T/F】If he dares speak to me like that again, he will be sorry. 判断对错1. It was so noisy that we ____ hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t2. 情态动词表示推测注意：
can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句
could 可以用于肯定、否定和疑问句中。
两者没有时间上的差别，只是could 比 can 更委婉，更不确定。
【例 1】Can/Could the story be true?
【例 2】The story can’t/couldn’t be true.
【例 3】The story could be true.
can有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性
【例1】He can be very friendly at times.
【例2】As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.情态动词表示推测，有时态上的区分
对现在或将来的推测：can/could/must/should/ought to/may/might+do
对过去推测：can/could/must/should/ought to/may/might+have done
推测正在进行的事情：must be doing
【例1】He should/ought to arrive at noon.
【例2】He must be talking with his friend.
【例3】She couldn’t/can’t have left so soon.1.Don’t play with the dog, Jack, for it _____ be dangerous at times.
A. shall
B. should
C. can
D. must2. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must
B. can
C. will
D. shall高频考点3 情态动词表虚拟
3. 情态动词特殊用法
毛（must/may/might）裤(could/couldn’t/can’t)表推测
丝(should/shouldn’t)袜(would)内(needn’t)裤(could)表虚拟试判断：
【例1】I might have left my bag at home one hour ago.
【例2】He must have already arrived there.
【例3】The money had disappeared! Who could have taken it?
【例4】I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me?【巩固提升】3. I can’t find my purse. I ________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.
A. should leave
B. must have left
C. might leave
D. could have left1. —Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month?
—No,we ______ it, but we spent too much time shopping.
A. could have visited
B. must have visited
C. can’t have visited
D. shouldn’t have visited三、助动词
助动词一般本身没有独立的实际意义，不能单独作谓语，通常帮助实义动词并与实义
动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，或构成陈述句、疑问句和否定句等。
be (is, am, are, was, were, being, been)
have (has, had, having)
do (does, did)
shall (should), will (would)四、系动词
分类 系动词 例句
状态系动词
be We are anxious about his safety.
keep, rest, remain, stay, lie,
持续系动词
This matter rests a mystery.
stand, continue…
表像系动词
seem, appear, look… It appears a true story.
感官系动词
feel, smell, sound, taste… The cloth feels soft.
become, grow, turn, fall, get, As he grows older, he grows wiser.
变化系动词
go, come, run…
The examination turned out quite easy.
终止系动词
prove, turn out…PART 09
非谓语动词
Non-Predicate Verb什么是非谓语：
我喜欢你。
❤
I like you.
我喜欢打你。
I like hit you. （对吗 ? ）
降级后→ I like hitting you.一、非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成非谓语的基本形式
to do : To be a teacher is my dream. 表将来
To be a teacher, I have to study hard. 表目的（有时表结果）
doing：developing country 表进行
He sat there, reading a newspaper. 表主动，进行
doing: Teaching is my job. 动名词
done: developed country 表完成
Told the fact, he was shocked. 表被动【巩固提升】1. She walked out of the house, ________ by her little daughter.
A. followed
B. follow
C. following
D. to follow时态及语态变化to do +时态变化
时态
非谓语形式
to do
to be doing
to do
to have done
He pretended to be sleeping.
He is said to have written another TV play.to do +语态变化
形式 时态 被动语态
to do to be done(要被做/为了被...)
to be doing to be being done
to do
to have been done
to have done
（被做且动作发生在谓语前）
1.To be admitted by this school, students need to pass the exam.
The meeting is to be held tomorrow.
2.This machine was said to have been repaired.doing +时态、语态变化
形式 时态 被动语态
一般态：doing being done（正在被做）
doing
完成态：having done having been done
(主动且动作发生在谓语之前) （被动且动作发生在谓语之前）
1. The building being built is a cinema.
2. Having been punished by the teacher, he felt upset.【巩固提升】2. Nearly 14,000 people are now homeless, 759 are reported ________ and
another 400 remain missing in this Brazil’ s natural disaster.
A. to be killed
B. to have been killed
C. having been killed
D. killed【巩固提升】4. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city
________ by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered
B. be cheered
C. to be cheered
D. were形式 否定式
to do not to do
doing not doing
done not done
1.She told me not to go out lonely during night because it’s dangerous.
2. Not knowing this, he didn’t come.形式 复合结构
注意：复合结构的否定式
doing sb.’s doing
sb.’s not doing
1. I don’t remember her telling me that story.
2. I insist on his not going there.【2018上高中】______ the same mistakes in the annual financial report again made his boss very angry.
A. His having made
B. He having made
C. He had made
D. He has made
