文档内容
必修 Book 1 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
A 卷·基础知识通关练
一、词汇与短语
I. 重点词汇默写
1. damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
2. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
3. affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
4. shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
5. flood n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没
6. magnitude n. (地)震级；重大
7. crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi.&vt. (使)破裂
8. ruin n．&vt. 破坏；毁坏
9. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
10. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
11. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
12. unify vi.&vt. 统一；(使)成一体
13. supply n. [pl.]补给品；供应(量)；补给 vt. 供应；供给
14. tap vi.&vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
15. crash vt.&vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞
16. wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi.&vt. 挥手；招手
17. whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
18. summary n. 总结；概括；概要
19. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.&vt. 帮助；援助
20. disaster n. 灾难；灾害
21. slide vi.&vt. ( 使 ) 滑行；滑动
22. evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
23. helicopter n. 直升机
24. context n. 上下文；语境；背景
25. percent n. 百分之…… adj.&adv. 每一百中
26. brick n. 砖；砖块
27. metal n. 金属
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂28. electricity n. 电；电能
29. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
30. kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
31. pipe n. 管子；管道
II.拓展词汇变形
1. rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 营救人员；救援人员
2. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survivor n. 幸存者；生还者→survival n. 幸存；生还
3. death n. 死；死亡→die vi. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的；无生命的→dying adj. 垂死的；临终的
4. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocked adj. 震惊的→shocking adj. 令人震惊的
5. breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸→breath n．呼吸
6. revive vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏
7. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者
8. wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的→wisely adv. 明智地；有智慧地
9. sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫→(过去式)swept→(过去分词)swept
10. strike vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击→(过去式)struck→(过去分词)struck/stricken
11. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj. 强大的；强有力的→powerless adj. 无力的；没
有能力的；无权力的
12. erupt vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n. 爆发
13. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地
14. deliver vt.&vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 递送；传达
15. effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效的
16. length n. 长；长度→long adj. 长的→lengthen vt. 加长
III.核心短语互译
1. refer to 指的是；参考，查阅；提到
2. used to 过去常常
3. set up 建立
4. at least 至少
5. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
6. in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
7. in shock 震惊；吃惊
8. blow away 吹走；刮走
9. come to an end 结束
10. fall down 倒塌
11. cut across 穿过；贯穿；抄近路
12. as usual 和往常一样
13. sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂14. in the open air 露天；在户外
15. on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
16. stay/keep calm 保持平静
17. stay away from 远离
18. make sure 确保
19. fight the fire 扑火
20. floodhit area 洪灾地区
21. rescue worker 营救人员
22. hundreds of 成百上千的
23. nothing but 只有；仅仅
24. dig out 挖出
25. the number of …… 的数量
26. get on one's feet 站起来
27. tireless efforts 不懈的努力
28. stay positive 保持乐观
29. be expected to do 预计做
30. give sb. a clear idea of 让某人清楚地了解
31. hold on 抓住
32. first aid kit 急救箱
IV. 根据汉语提示用本单元词汇的正确形式填空
It was a ①shock (震惊) that for people who lived along the Yangtze River, the summer of 2016 was (破坏).
A huge typhoon ③struck (袭击) East China, which ④ swept away (彻底消除) almost everything along its way
and caused great ⑤damage (损失). The floods and landslides caused by the typhoon caused 161 ⑥deaths (死), left
61 missing and some injured. ⑦Electricity (电) was cut off, and people were (疏散) to live in ⑨shelters (避难
处). No one dared to walk ⑩ i n the open ai r (在户外). The terrible weather ⑪ h ad a great effect o n (对……有
很大影响) flights, so some passengers were ⑫trapped (困于) at the airport and could hardly ⑬ s tay cal m (保持
平静). It seemed as if the area was ⑭ co ming to an e nd (结束). Hopefully, emergency supplies ⑮ on han d (现
有) were (递送) to the area and ⑰rescue (营救) workers did everything in their ⑱power (力量) to offer aid and
⑲bury (埋葬) the dead.
Though people who were ⑳affected (影响) by the disaster ○suffered (受苦) a lot, they unified and used
their ○wisdom (智慧) to make the area ○breathe (呼吸) again. In the following months since the disaster, (努
力) have been made to ○revive (复活) the disasterhit area. ○Survivors (幸存者) were helped and houses which
were ○destroyed (毁坏) were rebuilt.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂二、句式与篇章
I. 教材原句补全
1. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
3. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake
that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被高达9.0级的强震所引发的巨浪卷走。
4. I was-having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我和我的3个孩子正在吃早餐，这时家里开始灌水。
5. However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies .
然面，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
II. 单句语法填空
1. Several (survive) of the accident have been taken to the hospital in a state of shock.
答案与解析 survivors 设空在句中做主语，且设空前是Several，根据语境可知此处表“幸存者”，故填
复数名词survivors。
2. The city which (affect) by the flood last night is now in need of water supply.
答案与解析 was affected 根据从句时间状语last night，可知从句谓语用一般过去时，主语The city与
affect是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，填was affected。
3. It is reported that the (die) of the missing boy has not been proved yet.
答案与解析 death 设空前是定冠词the，且设空在句中做主语，应用名词，填death。
4. She (rescue) from the burning building, but her leg was injured.
答案与解析 was rescued 设空在句中做谓语，且与句中已有的谓语was injured时态一致；又主语She与
rescue是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，填was rescued。
5. The little child and her parents lived in a shelter because their house (destroy) in the flood.
答案与解析 had been destroyed 设空在句中做谓语，且表先于主句谓语动词lived之前的动作，表过去的
过去，应用过去完成时，填had been destroyed。
6. The man (slide) into the room and pretended to be a student.
答案与解析 slid 设空在句中做谓语，且与句中已有的谓语动词pretended时态一致，应用一般过去时，
填slid。slide (滑)—slid—slid/slidden。
7. The 10yearold girl was one of the only three children who (survive) the disaster.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂答案与解析 survived 设空在从句中做谓语，且与主句时态一致，应用一般过去时，填survived。
8. Those (disaster), compared with this one, are much more frightening.
答案与解析 disasters 设空前是Those，故该处应填名词复数形式。
9. I like to live in the countryside where the air is good (breathe)．
答案与解析 to breathe 该句是“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构，表事物的性质或特点，不定式用主动表被
动，故填to breathe。
10. They were (shock) to find the house completely destroyed.
答案与解析 shocked 设空在句中做表语，表主语They “感到震惊的”，应用形容词shocked。
11. The door was locked and they (trap) in the building.
答案与解析 were trapped 设空在句中做谓语，且与句中已有的谓语was locked时态一致，应用一般过去
时；主语they与trap是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，填were trapped。
12. I'd like you all to share your (wise) and experience with us.
答案与解析 wisdom 设空在句中做share的宾语，且设空前是形容词性物主代词your，故填名词
wisdom。
13. (bury) in her study, she paid no attention to what was happening.
答案与解析 Buried be buried in “埋头于”，在句中做状语时，应用过去分词形式。
14. The terrible storm flooded the area, which also (ruin) our trip.
答案与解析 ruined 设空在从句中做谓语，且与主句谓语动词flooded时态一致，应用一般过去时，填
ruined。
15. The serious drought affected the farmers and caused great (suffer)．
答案与解析 suffering 句意：严重的旱灾影响了农民，给他们带来巨大的痛苦。设空在句中做caused的
宾语，且设空前是great，故填名词suffering。
16. Those rescue workers made every effort (help) those who survived the earthquake.
答案与解析 to help make every effort to do sth.“努力做某事”。
17. The two strangers talked happily as if they (be) friends for years.
答案与解析 had been 根据主句谓语talked可知该处“仿佛是多年的朋友”，指的是对过去的假设，故
as if从句谓语用过去完成时，填had been。
18. The disasterhit area finally got up on its (foot) with the support of the government.
答案与解析 feet get up on one's feet “站起来”。
19. At this point, it suddenly (strike) me that I was wasting my time.
答案与解析 struck that后的从句中谓语是过去进行时，故主句谓语用一般过去时，填struck。strike (使
想起)—struck—struck。
20. The (power) earthquake has left many houses in ruins.
答案与解析 powerful 设空在句中做定语，修饰名词earthquake，应用形容词，表“强大的”，填
powerful。
21. You will be shocked at the (long) of the amazing river.
答案与解析 length 设空前是the，设空后是介词of，故该空填名词，表“长度”，填length。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂22. Up to now enough food and water (deliver) to the disasterhit area.
答案与解析 have been delivered 主语food and water与deliver是被动关系，应用被动语态，且句中时间
状语是Up to now，故谓语用现在完成时的被动语态，填have been delivered。
23. (effect) measures have been taken to rescue those trapped under the damaged building.
答案与解析 Effective 设空在句中做定语，修饰名词measures，表“有效的”，填形容词Effective。
24. The plane (crash) in the mountain last night, which made us shocked.
答案与解析 crashed 设空在句中做谓语，且与从句的谓语动词made时态一致，应用一般过去时，填
crashed。
25. In the face of the disaster, he (calm) arranged for a car to pick up her children.
答案与解析 calmly 设空在句中做状语，修饰谓语arranged，应用副词，填calmly。
26. That rescue team (supply) those people who were affected by the flood with enough fresh water.
答案与解析 supplied 设空处所填谓语动词时态与从句谓语动词时态一致，应用一般过去时，填
supplied。
27. A simple click can even bring us flood of music, movies and computer games.
答案与解析 a a flood of “大量的；大批的”，相当于floods of。
28. The graceful host referred the event least three times in the programme.
答案与解析 to; at refer to “提到”；at least “至少”。
29. Hundreds of homeless people have sheltered the cold winter in the center.
答案与解析 from 根据语境“几百个无家可归者在中心躲避寒冬”可知此处是固定短语shelter from “躲
避”，故填介词from。
30. The organization set by the athlete has helped many poor families in the past years.
答案与解析 up set up “建立；成立”。
31. They are scheduled to reach Shanghai by June 6, making possible for them to attend the meeting.
答案与解析 it make it possible for sb. to do sth.“使某人做某事成为可能”，it是形式宾语。
32. Global warming has a great effect plants and animals in the world.
答案与解析 on/upon have a(n)．..effect on/upon...“对……有……影响”。
33. The man was sleeping the frightening earthquake happened.
答案与解析 when be doing sth. when “正在做某事这时……”。
34. The great day was almost hand when we could show our wisdom and talent.
答案与解析 at 根据语境“我们能展示我们的智慧和天赋的那一天即将到来”可知此处是固定短语at
hand “即将到来”，故填at。
35. the aid of rescue workers, they have all managed to rebuild their houses.
答案与解析 With with the aid of “在……援助下”。
36. She prefers to walk the open air for half an hour after supper.
答案与解析 in in the open air “在户外，露天”。
37. It is my power to help you with the work, so you'd better turn to others.
答案与解析 beyond 根据句中的turn to others可知此处表达的是“我无能为力”，故用beyond one's
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂power “某人无能为力”，填介词beyond。
38. It is shock to learn that the ancient town was affected by the typhoon.
答案与解析 a shock作“令人震惊的事”讲时，是可数名词，其前加a。
39. Fortunately, the long and boring lecture is coming to end.
答案与解析 an come to an end “告终；结束；完结”。
40. In order to find better job, make sure you get well educated.
答案与解析 a 比较级前，用不定冠词a，表“一个更……”，如a more beautiful city “一个更美的城市”。
41. The strong wind has blown all the leaves on the ground.
答案与解析 away blow away “刮走；吹走”。
42. The whole city fell ruin in the fire during the war.
答案与解析 into fall into ruin “成为废墟”。
III. 句式升级
1. 他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。(bury)
①Buried in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left.(分词短语作状语)
②Burying himself in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left.(分词短语作状语)
③ Because he was buried in his study , he didn’t know that all the others had left.(原因状语从句)
2. 我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
①We’ll try/do our best to help you , but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(best)
②We’ll make every effort to help you/ spare no effort to help you , but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of
difficulties.(effort)
3. 我年龄太小了，不理解这部电影的含义。
①I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.(too...to...)
②I was so young that I couldn't understand the meaning of the film.(so...that...)
4. 我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。
① It suddenly struck me that I should pay a visit to my teacher.（strike)
② It suddenly hit me that I should pay a visit to my teacher.(hit)
5. He suffered defeat after defeat,and he began to lose faith in himself.
Having suffered defcat after defeat , he began to lose faith in himself.(分词短语作状语)
IV. 课文缩写填空
Strange things happened before Tangshan Earthquake happened. The well walls had deep cracks. A (smell)
gas came out of them. At 3：42 the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake. seemed as if the
world were coming to an end. One of the (deadly) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. Soon the whole
city lay in (ruin). Many people died or were injured. Everything in the city was destroyed. People were (shock)
at this and wondered how long the disaster would last.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂The army organized teams to dig out those who (trap)and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for
survivors. Food and water were taken to the city. Slowly the city began to (breath) again. Tangshan began to
revive (it) and get up on its feet again. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the
city's people, a new Tangshan was built. Tangshan city has proved that in times of disaster, people must unify and
show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for brighter future.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案1.smelly 2.on 3.It 4.most deadly 5.ruins 6.shocked 7.were trapped 8.breathe 9.itself 10.a
三、单元语法小练
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
1. This is the very hotel that I stayed at when I was travelling here.
2. He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.
3. It is the most amazing building that Daming has seen ever since he came here.
4. We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty.
5. She is one of the girls who/that have passed the exam.
6. They planted some trees which/that didn't need much water.
7. She would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.
8. Do you know the lady with whom our English teacher is talking under the big tree?
9. I talked with the man whose house was destroyed in the flood.
10. My father bought a new bike for me whose price added up to more than 1,000 yuan.
11. Anyone who has helped to rescue the drowning girl is worth praising.
12. The boy and the dog that are in the picture look very lovely.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子
1. I don't know the man. The man spoke to the headmaster.
→I don't know the man who/that spoke to the headmaster .
2. I have seen the film. They're talking about the film.
→I have seen the film that/which they're talking about .
3. Last week Mary rode the bike. I gave it to her.
→Last week Mary rode the bike that/which I gave to her .
4. The girl is from America. Her father is a great scientist.
→The girl whose father is a great scientist is from America.
5. My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 30 years old.
→My grandparents live in a house which/that is more than 30 years old .
Ⅲ.用适当的关系词补全下面的短文
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂The two old ladies lived next door were called Joanna and Martha. They were sisters, and had lived there all
their lives. Martha was the quiet one, stayed at home and did the housework. She always wore a white apron (围
裙), never looked dirty. Joanna, was more sociable, was a secretary until she reached sixty and retired. “I've had
enough of that office，” she told Martha. But that wasn't the real reason she stopped working. She had always
dreamed of going on a long, expensive holiday, to beautiful cities, she could spend days in art galleries and
museums, and to white sandy beaches, on she could sunbathe and relax.
And now she had the time and the money to do things she wanted to do. But she knew that Martha, was so
different from her, and only interest was the house, would not like the idea. Of course, she wouldn't go traveling
alone and leave her sister living in the house all by herself. So what did Joanna do? Stay in the house doing nothing
all day long? No! She did spend days “in” art galleries and museums, but, through the Internet!
答案与解析
1. who/that 先行词是ladies，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。
2. who 非限制性定语从句先行词是the quiet one，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词who引导定
语从句。
3. which 非限制性定语从句先行词是a white apron，指物，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词which引
导非限制性定语从句。
4. who 非限制性定语从句先行词是Joanna，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词who引导非限制
性定语从句。
5. why 定语从句先行词是the real reason，表“原因”，关系词在从句中做原因状语，故用关系副词why引
导定语从句。
6. where 定语从句先行词是cities，表“地点”，关系词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定
语从句。
7. which 先行词为white sandy beaches，代入非限制性定语从句后为：on white sandy beaches she could
sunbathe and relax，由此可见关系词在定语从句中做介词on的宾语，故填which。
8. that/which 定语从句先行词是things，关系词在从句中做动词do的宾语，故用关系代词that/which引导定
语从句。
9. who 非限制性定语从句先行词是Martha，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故用关系代词who引导定语从
句。
10. whose 先行词是Martha，指人，关系词在从句中做interest的定语，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
