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【专题】解分式方程(50题)一、计算题
1.解分式方程
3-x 1
(1) + =1
x-4 4-x
x+1 4
(2)
- =1
x-1 x2-1
15x+2 3
=
2.计算: .
x2+x 1+x
3.解分式方程
3x 2
(1) + =3;
x+2 x-2
1 2 4
- =
(2) .
x-1 x+1 x2-13+x 3
4.解方程: +1= .
x-4 4-x
5.解下列分式方程:
x 5
(1) + =1
2x-5 5-2x
4 1 3
- =
(2)
x2-4 x-2 x+2
6.解下列分式方程:
1 1
(1) =
x+2 3x
3 x
(2) - =1
x+1 1-x2 6
=
7.解方程: .
x-2 x2-4
x 3
8.解分式方程: +1= .
x+1 2x+2
1 1-x
9.解分式方程: = -4
x-2 2-x
x 2
10.解关于x的方程: =1+ .
x+3 x-1
4 x
11.解方程:
= -1
x2-1 x+112.解方程:
3 2
(1) =
x x-2
2x 5
(2) + =3
2x-1 1-2x
4 2x
13.解分式方程:1+ = .
x-5 5-x
x+1 3
14.解方程: - =1 .
x-1 x+1x-1 2
15.解方程:
- =1.
x+1 x2-1
16.解分式方程:
2 1
(1) + =0.
1-x x
x 3
(2) + =1.
x-1 (x-1)(x-4)
2x 5
17.解分式方程: + =3.
2x-1 12x
x 3
18.解方程:
- =1.
x-3 (x-3) 2x-1 3
19.解分式方程: + =1.
x x+2
20.解方程:
x 2x-1
(1) =
x-1 x-1
x 3
(2)
- =1
x2+x x+1
21.解分式方程:
x2-8 1
(1) =1+ ;
x2-4 2-x
x-2 1
(2) =2- .
x-3 6-2x22.解分式方程:
2 1
(1) =
x-1 x+1
6 x
(2)1+ =
x2-9 x-3
1 10
23. = .
x-5 x2-25
x 2
24.解分式方程: - =1.
x-1 x+1
2x-3 1 2
- =
25.解方程: .
x2-1 x+1 x-15 3
26.解方程: - =0
x-2 x
x 2
27.解方程: -1=
x-1 x+1
28.解下列分式方程:
2-x 1
(1) +4=
x-3 3-x
x 1
(2)
-1=
x-2 x2-41 2x
29.解方程 +1= .
x-2 2x+1
30.解方程:
x 1
(1)
-1=
x-2 x2-4
3x 2
(2) + =3
x+2 x-2
31.解方程:
x-1 3
(1)
- =1
;
x+1 x2-1
x 8
(2)
- =1
.
x-2 x2-2x32.解分式方程:
1 1 7
(1) + =
x 1.5x 72
x-2 1
(2) + =5
x-3 3-x
33.解方程:
5 1
(1)
- =0
x2+x x2-x
x-2 16 x+2
- =
(2)
x+2 x2-4 x-2
34.解分式方程x 5
(1) + =4
2x-3 3-2x
1 2 4
- =
(2)
x-1 x+1 x2-1
2x 3
35.解方程:
-1=
.
3+2x 9-4x2
2x x
36.解方程: +1= .
3x+3 x+1
x 8
37.解方程:
- =1
x-2 x2-4
1-x 1
38.解方程: = +3 .
2-x x-22y 3
39.解方程: 2- = .
y+1 y-1
3 x
40.解分式方程: +1= .
(x-1)(x+2) x-1
41.解方程:
x-8 1
(1) - =8 ;
x-7 7-x
x 1
(2)
+ =1
.
x-2 x2-42 3 6
- =
42.解方程: .
x+1 1-x 1-x2
43.解方程:
1 3x
(1) -2= ;
x-3 3-x
x+1 4
(2)
- =1
.
x-1 x2-1
44.解方程
x-3 3
(1) +1=
x-2 2-x
x 3
(2) -1=
x-1 (x+2)(x-1)45.解方程:
x 2
(1) =1+
x+3 x-1
x-1 4
=
(2)
x2+x 3x+3
x 2x
46.解方程: = +1
x-1 3x-3
47.解分式方程:
2 1-x
(1) +3=
x-2 2-x
x 6 x-2
+ =
(2)
x+3 x2-9 x-33 1 5
48.解方程: - = .
2 3x-1 6x-2
二、解答题
49.阅读下面材料,解答后面的问题.
x-1 4x
解方程: - =0.
x x-1
x-1 4
解:设y= ,则原方程可化为y- =0,方程两边同时乘y,得y2-4=0,解得y
x y 1
=2,y=-2.
2
4
经检验,y=2,y=-2都是方程y- =0的解.
1 2 y
x-1 x-1 1
当y=2时, =2,解得x=-1;当y=-2时, =-2,解得x= .
x x 3
1 1
经检验,x=-1,x= 都是原分式方程的解.所以原分式方程的解为x=-1,x= .
1 2 3 1 2 3
上述这种解分式方程的方法称为换元法.
问题:
x-1 x x-1
(1)若在方程 - =0中,设y= ,则原方程可化为 ;
4x x-1 x
x-1 4x+4 x-1
(2)若在方程 - =0中,设y= ,则原方程可化为 ;
x+1 x-1 x+1
x-1 3
(3)模仿上述换元法解方程: - -1=0.
x+2 x-150.已知a,b,c,d都是互不相等的正数.
a c b d a b
(1)若 =2 , =2 ,则 , (用“>”,
b d a c c d
“<”或“=”填空);
a c b d
(2)若 = , 请判断 和 的大小关系,并证明;
b d a+b c+d
a b 2a+c 3b+d
(3)令 = =t, 若分式 - +2 的值为3,求t的值.
c d a-c b-d