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Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
九年级英语上册必备知识清单
一、词汇知识清单
I、课标词汇[注意英译汉]
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的 backpack n.背包 oversleep v.睡过头 block n.街区
worker n. 工人 stare v.凝视 disbelief n.不信 above prep.在...上面 burn v.燃烧
alive adj.活着的；有生机的 airport n.机场 till prep.直到 west adj.向西的；西边的
cream n.奶油 workday n.工作日 pie n.果馅饼 bean n.豆 market n.市场
fool n.傻瓜 v.愚弄 costume n.服装 lady n.女士 embarrassed adj.尴尬的 announce v.宣布
discovery n.发现 cancel v.取消 officer n.军官 disappear v.消失 believable adj.可相信的
II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]
1. unexpected adj.出乎意料的；始料不及的----unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地，意外地----expected adj. 预
期的；预料的----expect v. 期望；指望；认为；预料----expectation n. 期待；预期；指望
2. worker n. 工作者；工人----work n.工作；作品& v.工作
3. disbelief n. 不信；怀疑----belief n.信任；信仰----believe v.相信----believable adj.可相信的
----unbelievable adj.难以置信的
4. burn v. 着火；燃烧----burning adj.着火的；燃烧的----burned adj. 烧焦的；烧伤的
5. alive adj. 活着；有生气的----living adj.活着的----lively adj.生气勃勃的----live v.居住；生存；存活 adj.
实况转播的
6. west adv. 向西；朝西adj. 向西的；西部的 n. 西；西方----western adj.西方的----westerner n. 西方
人，欧美人
7. cream n. 奶油；乳脂----creamy adj. 奶油色的；乳脂状的；含乳脂的----creamer n. 奶油分离器；盛奶
油的器皿；制作奶油的人
8. market n. 市场；集市----marketable adj. 市场的；可销售的；有销路的
9. fool n.傻瓜；蠢人 v. 愚弄----foolish adj.愚蠢的
10. embarrassed adj.窘迫的；害羞的----embarrassment n.害羞；窘迫----embarrassing adj. 令人窘迫的；害
羞的----embarrass v. 使窘迫；使害羞
11. announce v. 宣布；宣告----announcer n. 广播员；宣告者----announcement n. 公告；宣告；发表
12. hoax n. 骗局；恶作剧----hoaxer n.骗子
13. discovery n. 发现；发觉----discover v.发现
14. cancel v.取消---- cancellation n. 取消15. officer n.军官；官员----office n.办公室----official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的 ----officially adv. 正
式地；官方地；作为公务员
III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]
Section A
1. take a shower洗澡
2. end up doing sth. 最后做某事
3. by the time 在……以前，到……时
4. be late for class 上课迟到
5. go off （铃、闹钟）响
6. rush out 冲出
7. give ...a lift =give ...a ride 捎……一程
8. be full of = be filled with 充满……
9. be about to do sth. 打算做某事
10. wait in line with （与……）排队等候
11.stare at 凝视；盯着
12. in disbelief 怀疑地，难以置信地
13.get a chance to do sth. 得到机会做某事
14.hear about/ of 听说
15.think to oneself 暗想
16. leave for school前往学校
17.by dinner time 晚餐前
18. by the end of 到……为止，到……结束时
Section B
1. get dressed 穿衣服
2. 2. show up 露面，出现
3. an introduction to April Fool’s Day愚人节的介绍
4. make a fool of 取笑…捉弄…
5. stay up doing sth. all night 整晚熬夜做某事
6.be/ feel embarrassed 感觉窘迫
7. the most embarrassing joke 最令人窘迫的玩笑
8. a costume party化装舞会
9. invite sb. to (do sth.)… 邀请某人去（某地/ 做某事）10.sell out卖完,售完
be sold out 被卖光
11.run away (from…) (从……) 逃跑，逃脱
12.across the whole country 遍及全国
13. hundreds of 数以百计的
14.as much as one can / could = as much as possible尽可能多地
15. play tricks / jokes on sb.捉弄某人，开某人的玩笑
16.be fooled by others 被别人愚弄
17. help sb. lose weight 帮某人减肥
18. be canceled 被取消
IV、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]
1.unexpected adj.出乎意料的 expect v.期待 expected adj.预期的
【巧记】un(否定前缀)+expected=unexpected
【短语】expect sb to do sth期待某人做某事 sb. be expected to do sth某人应该做某事
2. oversleep v.睡过头
【巧记】over（前缀）+sleep（动词,睡觉）=oversleep
【拓展】overwork 过渡劳累 overage超龄的 oversized 过大的 overcoat长大衣
sleep 既可以作为动词，意为“睡觉”，也可以作为名词“睡眠”，have enough sleep有充足的睡眠
sleeping 形容词，意为“正熟睡的”，强调动作正在进行既可以作为前置定语，也可以作为表语
sleepy 形容词，意为“困倦的”，既可以作为定语，也可以作为便于。feel sleepy 感到困倦的
asleep 形容词，意为“睡着的”，只能作为表语，不能作定语。 fall asleep 意为“入睡”
3. worker 工人
【巧记】work+er(表示职业/身份的后缀)=worker
【拓展】work作为名词时意为“作品”；作为动词时意为“起作用”
4.stare v.盯着看；凝视
【拓展】stare at sb盯着某人看
5.disbelief n.不信
【拓展】believe v.相信 belief n.信赖；信仰 believable adj.可信的 Unbelievable adj.难以置信的
【短语】in disbelief 不信地；怀疑地
6.Above
单词 含义 两物体之间的关系 反义词
above 在...上面 不接触；不垂直 belowover 在...正上方 不接触；垂直 under
on 在...上面 表面接触 beneath
7.alive
lively 意为“生机勃勃的；鲜艳的；生动的”
living 意为“活着的”，强调说明“健在”
live 意为“活的”，还有“直播的”意思，只修饰物
alive 意为“活着的”，侧重生与死之间界限
8.west
【拓展】north北方 south南方 east东方 western西方的 eastern东方的 southern南方的 northern北方的
9.Fool foolish adj.愚蠢的
【拓展】用作动词意为“愚弄；欺骗”，fool sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事
用作名词意为“傻瓜”，make a fool of sb 意为“取笑某人”
10.embarrassed adj.窘迫的；尴尬的 embarrass v.使...窘迫 embarrassing adj.使人害羞的；使人尴尬
的
11. discovery v.发现；发现
【拓展】cover v.覆盖 be covered with被...覆盖 discover v.发现
12.disappear v.消失；不见
【巧记】dis(否定前缀)+appear=disappear 反义词appear：出现
【拓展】类似单词：dislike不喜欢 disagree不同意 dishonest不诚实的 disbelieve不相信的
短语赏析：
1. 关于end的短语
by the end of 到...末为止 end up with 以...结束 end up最终成为；最后处于
end up doing sth.以做某事结束 in the end 最后；终于 at the end of ...在...的末端/尽头
2.show的短语
Show up出现 show sb. around +地点 show off炫耀
3.关于go的短语
go off发出响声;变质 go on 进展 go over 检查 go ahead 前进；干吧；拿吧
3. 关于line的短语
Cut in line 插队 in line with 与...成一排 be lined with排列着
4. 关于off的短语
take off起飞；脱（衣服） go off发出响声;变质 put off推迟 get off下车 turn off关闭
cut off切断 show off炫耀 kick off 开除 give off发出（光、热、气味）5. 关于turn 的短语
turn off 关闭 turn into使...变成 turn up 调高；出现 turn down调低；拒绝
turn out被证明是 turn on 打开 turn to sb向某人求助
V、高级结构会变通[注意高级在写作中的仿写]
重点句子：
1.Life is full of the unexpected.生活充满了意外。
2.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.我起床时，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。
3.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.我正要上楼时，突然决定先去喝咖啡。
4.Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country.
Welles描述地如此的逼真以至于成百上千的人相信了这个故事，恐惧在全国蔓延开来。
5.Why did the supermarket run out of spaghetti one April Fool’s Day?
为什么有一年愚人节时，超市里的意大利面条全卖光了？
6.When I got home, I realized I had left my keys in the backpack.
当我回到家时，我意识到我把钥匙忘在了背包里。
句子解析：
1.Life is full of the unexpected.
【点拨1】区别be full of和be filled with
be full of 充满；装满 The room is full of people.
be filled with 充满，是fill...with的被动语态 The bottle is filled with sand.
【点拨2】 the unexpected为“the+形容词”结构，意为“一类人或一类事物”，在句子中充当主语时，谓
语动词要用复数形式。
2.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
【点拨】by the time意为“在...以前；到...时候”，引导时间状语从句。从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完
成时态。
3.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.
【点拨】be about to do sth意为“即将做某事”，表示客观上马上发生的事情，常与when连用。
4.Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole
country.
【点拨】so...that意为“如此...以至于”，引导结果状语从句。常用的结构有： so+形容词/副词+that从句；
so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句；so+many/few+可数名词复数+that从句；so+much/little+不可数名
词+that从句【拓展】so that 意为“为了...;目的是....”,引导目的状语从句。
5.Why did the supermarket run out of spaghetti one April Fool’s Day?
【点拨】
run out of “用完...”,是及物动词短语；主语一般是人，of后跟东西，表示某人用完某物。
run out “用完...”,是不及物动词短语；主语一般是物，表示某物用完了，是用主动表示被动意
义。。
6.When I got home, I realized I had left my keys in the backpack.
【点拨】leave（left）此处用作及物动词，意为“遗忘；留下”，常用的结构：leave+宾语+地点状语，意
为“把某物遗忘在某处”；而forget sth表示忘记某物，其后不能接地点状语。
二、语法知识清单
过去完成时
1.定义
过去完成时由“had +动词的过去分词”构成，主要表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或存在
的状态。
过去的过去 过去 现在 将来
2.用法
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。
②表示开始于过去某时的一个动作一直延续到另一过去时间，并有可能继续下去，常与for, since等词连用。
3.结构
①肯定/否定句：主语＋had/hadn’t＋过去分词＋…
②一般疑问句：Had ＋主语＋过去分词…？(Yes, 主语＋had. / No, 主语＋hadn’t.)
③特殊疑问句：疑问词＋had ＋主语＋过去分词＋…？
4.过去完成时的判断依据:
①由时间状语来判定：(1) by + 过去的时间点；(2) by the end of + 过去的时间点；(3) before + 过去的时
间点；(4)since+过去的时间；(5) for+一段时间； (6) never；yet；already
②由“过去的过去”来判定：即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时.
(1) 宾语从句中: 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
Eg.Amy told me that she had lived here for 5 years.
(2) 状语从句中: 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在
前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
Eg.When I got home, my mom had finished cooking.
(3) 有时句子没有明显的时间状语，动作的先后顺序要从上下文去判断。
Eg. Her whole family were pleased with her. She had won the first prize in the game.
三、语篇知识清单
一、话题分析
本单元的写作话题是“叙述过去突发的事件”。主要谈论在过去发生的令人意外的事情，此话题涉及
的内容较多,可以叙述发生在自己身上的事,也可以叙述自己看到的事情。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以
下几点:
1.能够正确使用一般过去时和过去完成时叙述自己的亲身经历;
2.能够适当表达自己的感受和发表相应的观点;
3.能够掌握不同文体的写作格式。
二、写作方法
“两态一线法”写“过去发生的事件类”作文
“两态”指写作时主要运用两种时态：一般过去时和过去完成时
“一线”指以发生在过去的事情为主线
三、素材积累
作文常用词汇和语块：
【常用词汇】
unexpected 出乎意料的;始料不及的
oversleep 睡过头;睡得太久 alive 活着的;有生气的
till/until 到;直到
embarrassed 窘迫的;害羞的
embarrassing 使人害羞的;使人难堪的
believable 可相信的;可信任的
disappear 消失;不见
show up 赶到;露面
go off ( 闹钟 )发出响声turn into ( 使 )变成;( 使 )成为
by the time...在……以前
by the end of...到( 某时间点 )以前
【常用句型】
When Sally arrived at school,she found she had forgotten to bring her math homework.
He said that we did a good thing and encouraged all the students to learn from us.
What an unlucky thing!
By the time I got there,my classmates had already...
At that time I suddenly realized that I had...
We soon decided to...
I was about to...when...
After we had finished it,we began to...
四、实例讲解
【写作任务】 (Section B 3a & 3b)
请以“My lucky day”为题，写一篇英语短文，记叙你经历过的幸运的一天，讲讲那天都发生了些什
么事情，然后给某中学生英文杂志的“Your Voices”专栏投稿。
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：记叙文
时态：过去时态
人称：第一人称和第三人称
2. 谋布局、写句子(1) I was about to go to the bus station to take the bus to school when my uncle called me up
(2) My uncle said (that) he could give me a lift in his car
(3) I realized (that) I had left my wallet at home
(4) I had / ate a free lunch
(5) I got the highest score in the math exam
(6) they promised me that they would buy a bike for me as a prize
3. 巧衔接
在连句成篇时，前后句之间有因果关系，可以用because或so来连接。
此外，在阐述经历时，本文使用了表示时间顺序的表达 (如When I woke up that morning ..., Later that
day ..., After that ... 和That night ...) 将几件幸运的事情串联起来，这样做使得上下文之间联系更紧密，文章
的脉络更清晰。
4. 成篇章
My lucky day
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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My lucky day
I will always remember the date September 14th, 2016. This was the luckiest day of my life.
When I woke up that morning, it was raining. I was about to go to the bus station to take the bus to school
when my uncle called me up. He said he could give me a lift. Later that day, I realized I had left my wallet at
home and couldn't buy lunch. My best friend Lisa said she could share her lunch with me, so I had a free
lunch. After that, I was praised by my math teacher because I got the highest score in the math exam. I couldn't
believe that I did so well, and neither could my parents. That night they were so happy that they promised me that
they would buy a bike for me as a prize.
I think that was the best day I'd had in a long time. What a lucky day!写作训练：
同学们，还记得曾经令你觉得尴尬、倒霉、沮丧的一天吗？请你根据以下提示内容，以“What an
Unforgettable Day”为题，写一篇100词左右的短文，叙述这段经历及当时的感受。不可逐字逐句翻译。
提示：1.上个暑假我去看望爷爷奶奶，要去火车站时发现手机和身份证落在床上；
2．到火车站晚了两个小时；
3．在候车室等车时，钱包被偷了；
4．在警察的帮助下到了爷爷奶奶家；
5．感受。
【谋篇布局】
本次写作任务要求叙述过去发生的事情。根据写作要求和内容，可分三段：第一段写事件发生的原因及时
间，第二段叙述经过，第三段写自己的感想。
【思路点拨】
第一步 写作提纲
主题 An unforgettable day
When
※last summer vacation
What happened
※had ____ my ID card and mobile phone on the bed；
※had ______ ______ the station two hours late；
内容 ※my wallet had _____ ______；
※got to my grandparents' home ______ _____ _____ of the
police
Feeling
※a lesson to me；
※should keep a kind heart，______ the society isn't good enough
目的 Narrate past events
主要人称：第一人称；
主要时态：一般过去时、过去完成时
第二步 遣词造句
1．当凯特带着这个坏消息回来的时候，我们正打算动身。
We _____ just _____ ____ set off when Kate returned with the bad news.
2．成百上千的人聚集在那里，难以置信地看着它。Hundreds of people have gathered to watch it _____ _____.
3．他觉得在战争中幸存下来很幸运。
He _____ _____ to have survived the war.
4．多么尴尬的购物经历啊！
____ ______ ______ shopping experience!
【句型拓展】
1．It will be one of the most unforgettable journeys in your life.它将会是你生命中最难忘的旅程之一。
2．Life lies in movement.生命在于运动。
3．Anything worth doing is worth doing well.
任何值得做的事情都值得用心去做。
4．Compared with last year，we have made more achievement
同去年相比，我们今年取得了更大的成就。
【参考范文】
What an Unforgettable Day
Last summer vacation I decided to visit my grandparents because I hadn't seen them for many years.
That day when I was about to leave for the train station，I found I had left my ID card and mobile phone on the
bed.After I got to the train station，I found I had arrived at the station two hours late.While I was waiting in the
waiting room，a woman came and asked me if I could help her look after her two boys for a while.I agreed and we
played games until the woman came back.After they left，I found my wallet had been stolen.I called the police right
away.They told me that the woman had cheated me.That made me really disappointed and worried.Finally，I got to
my grandparents' home with the help of the police.
It is a lesson to me.But I think we still should keep a kind heart.
