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2019年北京市高级中等学校招生考试
(满分:60分 考试时间:90分钟)
知识运用(共14分)
一、单项填空(共6分,每小题0.5分)
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I cant wait to see .
A.her B.him C.it D.them
2.We planted some flowers the garden yesterday.
A.on B.to C.in D.of
3.—Excuse me, is this T-shirt?
—Its 88 yuan.
A.how much B.how many C.how long D.how old
4.—Lily, you finish the letter in ten minutes?
—Yes, I can.
A.must B.should C.need D.can
5.This cap is nice, it doesnt look good on me.
A.for B.so C.but D.or
6.Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is than her brother.
A.patient B.more patient
C.most patient D.the most patient
7.Sam with his friends every weekend.
A.skatesB.is skating C.has skated D.was skating
8.—Tom, whats your dad doing?
—He my bike.
A.repairs B.will repair C.has repaired D.is repairing
9.Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.
A.changes B.changed C.will change D.has changed
10.If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.
A.will book B.booked C.have booked D.was booking
11.My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday.
A.accepts B.accepted C.was accepted D.is accepted
12.—Did you notice in her office?
—Yes. She was going over our writing.
A.what was Miss Lin doing B.what Miss Lin was doing
C.what does Miss Lin doD.what Miss Lin does
二、完形填空(共8分,每小题1分)
阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
Run for Class President
Two months ago, when our class election(选举)started, I decided to run for class president. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win. But I was 13 that people would feel bad for me if I lost.
I was busy preparing in the following week. My plan wasnt to make promises to do things I couldnt 14 but to show my class why I wanted to be president. I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech,
saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem. Since I was 15 prepared, I felt that my chances of winning were strong.However, when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response(反应)wasnt what I had 16 . Few people actually listened. When it was my opponents(对手的) turn, everyone was screaming his name. His speech was short, but all to the point. By then, I
realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer.
It was obvious who would 17 . For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over. I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.
My 18 was right:I didnt win.
The next day, people were still talking about the election. I just pretended(假装)not to hear. But later, things got better. People 19 about the election and talked to me just as they did before.
I dont regret putting time and energy into the election because Ive learned that things arent always going the way I expect. And moments of failure like this build 20 —since then Ive learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.
13.A.bored B.afraidC.excited D.hopeful
14.A.compare B.remember C.manage D.repeat
15.A.fully B.quickly C.freshly D.physically
16.A.feared B.faced C.mentioned D.pictured
17.A.insist B.returnC.wait D.win
18.A.suggestion B.prediction C.direction D.introduction
19.A.forgot B.wroteC.cared D.discussed
20.A.trust B.pride C.character D.support
阅读理解(共36分)
三、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)
A
Experiencing China
Mike, Canada
I spent three months with my host family(接待家庭)in China. It was a lifetime experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Now I have a better
understanding of Chinese culture.
Joanna, Australia
I stayed with my host family for five months. My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot. And I have got used to a new culture. My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in
China with her.
Bill, America
My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They often ask me questions about life in America.
Cindy, Germany
Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student. It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. And a close relationship has developed between us.
21.Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital?
A.Mike.B.Joanna.
C.Bill. D.Cindy.
22.How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China?
A.Three months.B.Four months.
C.Five months. D.Six months.
23.Cindy thinks her host sister is .
A.a wonderful cook
B.a responsible doctor
C.a warm-hearted teacher
D.a hardworking student
B
Blue Lightning
Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.
“Well,”he said. “How about this:you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.”A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, thats interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as youve designed.”
Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.
After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad.“Well,”she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”
“Oh, do you?”he said. “Please share.”
“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,”she said. “I think its because of the lightning bolt(闪电)shape.”
“Very good!”Dad said.
“So, why didnt you tell me about that problem in the first place?”Sally asked.
Dad laughed.“Wheres the fun in that?If you give a man a fish, hell eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, hell eat for a lifetime.”
Sally said,“I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!”
Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.
Finally came the race. Sally wasnt worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.
24.Sally thought of building a go-kart to .
A.practice driving B.enter for a race
C.play with friends D.do some research
25.What did Sallys dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?
A.To have a test drive. B.To take a good rest.
C.To give it a cool name.D.To paint it light blue.
26.Sallys story mainly tells us that .
A.winning a race is important
B.fishing brings us a lot of fun
C.driving experience is necessary
D.learning happens during the process
C
Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesnt need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological(心理学的)processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down
time a little.
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when were exposed(接触)to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The
more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.
It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and
the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.
How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.
Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will
increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加)our experience of time.
Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience—to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus
your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding
effect.
To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. Its possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.
27.According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by .
A.going to bed on time B.traveling to new places
C.having dinner as usual D.printing the same materials
28.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.
B.Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.
C.We can take in more information by living through our senses.
D.We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.
29.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Slow Down Time B.Only Time Will Tell
C.Race Against Time D.Time Will Not Come Twice
D
How Much Can We Afford to Forget?In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access(获得)
knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads?
Civilizations(文明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart
machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained
through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But
today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence,we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-
being(健康)depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.
We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps theyre not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but
unquestionably become strangers to future people.
30.Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?
A.Because they go off course in testing and scoring.
B.Because we control the training process on them.
C.Because we offer them too much information.
D.Because they overuse the provided answers.
31.The ease of accessing information from the Internet .
A.frees us from making efforts to learn new skills
B.prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed
C.misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge
D.separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines
32.The word “collapse” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ ”.
A.a sudden failure B.the basic rule
C.a disappointing start D.the gradual development
33.What is the writers main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To question about the standards of information storage.
B.To discuss our problems of communication with machines.
C.To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.
D.To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.
四、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)
Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋). Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves(海浪)in the arctic waters.
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice.
“We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks(裂缝)around,” he remembers.
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice
around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.
Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ships navigation(航行)system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump
up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like
polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.
34.When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters?35.Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip?
36.What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe?
37.How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?
38.What is Paragraph 7 mainly about?
书面表达(共10分)
五、文段表达(10分)
39.从下面两个题目中任选一题,根据中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华,你们学校正在开展“安全月”宣传活动,倡议大家制作关于安全教育的主题海报,你们班交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情。请用英语回复一封邮件,告诉他海报上交的时间,并分享你设计海报的一些想法。
提示词语:design, safety rule, careful, protect, picture
提示问题:●When should you hand in the poster?
●What would you like to share with Peter about designing the poster?
Dear Peter,
Im glad to receive your email.
If there is anything more that I can help with, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②
自律,即自我约束,是自我提升的一种途径,有助于我们成长,促使我们不断前行。
某英文网站正在开展以“自律”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿,谈谈为了增强自律意识,你做过什么,以及这样做给你带来的好处。
提示词语:self-disciplined(自律的), plan, goal, habit, improve
提示问题:●What did you do to be self-disciplined?
●What benefits have you got from doing so?
Self-discipline plays an important role in our life.
1
2019年北京市高级中等学校招生考试
答案速查
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B C A D C B A D D A
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C B B C A D D B A C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A C D B A D B C A B
31 32 33
C A D
知识运用
一、单项填空1.B 句意:王先生要来我们学校。我迫不及待地想要见他。此题考查代词宾格。此处指代Mr. Wang(男性、第三人称单数),所以要用宾格him,因此选B。
2.C 句意:我们昨天在花园里种了一些花。此题考查介词的用法。在花园里种花,要用介词in。on表示“在……上面”;to表示“朝,向,到,位于……方向”;of表示“……的一部分”。因此选C。
3.A 句意:——劳驾,这件T恤衫多少钱?——88元。此题考查特殊疑问词组的用法。根据答句可以看出问句是对价格进行提问,因此选A。
4.D 句意:——Lily,你能在十分钟之内完成这封信吗?——是的,我可以。此题考查情态动词的用法。根据答语I can可以推断出问句是在询问能力,要用can来问,因此选D。must必须;should应该;need需要。
5.C 句意:这顶帽子很漂亮,但是我戴上不好看。此题考查连词的用法。前面说“帽子漂亮”,后面说“我戴上不好看”,前后有明显的转折关系,因此选C。
6.B 句意:Julie把家里的狗照顾得很好。她比她弟弟更有耐心。此题考查形容词比较级的用法。根据空后的than可知设空处需用比较级,因此选B。
7.A 句意:Sam每个周末都跟他的朋友们去滑冰。此题考查一般现在时的用法。由every weekend可知应用一般现在时,因此选A。
8.D 句意:——Tom, 你爸爸在干什么?——他在修我的自行车。此题考查现在进行时的用法。问句是现在进行时,对此时此刻的事情进行提问,所以答句也要用现在进行时,因此选D。
9.D 句意:我们的校园生活从2017年开始变化很大。我们现在有更多的活动。此题考查现在完成时的用法。根据时间状语since 2017可知应用现在完成时,因此选D。
10.A 句意:如果你想参观北京故宫博物院,我明天就给你订票。此题考查一般将来时。含条件状语从句的主从复合句遵循“主将从现”的原则,此处是主句谓语,所以要用一般将来时,因此选A。
11.C 句意:上周一我在如何节约用纸方面的建议被我的同学们接受了。此题考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语last Monday可以确定是一般过去时;advice与accept之间是被动关系,且空后有表被动的标志词by,故用被动语态,因此选C。
12.B 句意:——你有没有注意到林老师在她的办公室里做什么?——注意到了。她在批阅我们的作文。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A和C;根据答语可知应用过去进行时,因此选B。
二、完形填空
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者竞选班长一事。作者喜欢演讲,人缘也不错,于是便参加了班长的竞选,并为此做了充分的准备。本以为胜券在握,没想到却落选了。虽然竞选失败了,但是作者学会了坚强勇敢地面对挫折。
13.B 根据下文的people would feel bad for me if I lost可知,作者担心如果自己输了,同学们对他的印象就不好了。故选B。afraid担心的;bored厌倦的;excited兴奋的;hopeful充满希望的。
14.C 作者的计划不是承诺自己做不到的事,而是要向同学们展示自己为什么要当班长。故选C。manage勉力完成,设法做成;compare比较;remember记住;repeat重复。
15.A 从上文可以看出,作者有明确的计划,制作了海报,并花三个小时写了演讲稿。所以说作者做了很充分的准备。故选A。fully充分地;quickly迅速地;freshly刚刚;physically身体上。
16.D 作者对赢得竞选是很有信心的。由上文的However可知结果并不像作者所想象的那样。故选D。
17.D 上文提到作者和他的对手做演讲时同学们的反应,很明显能看出谁将会胜出。故选D。
18.B 上文提到作者根据听众的反应觉得自己要输了,结果他确实输了,此处表示他的预测是对的。故选B。
19.A 第二天,同学们都在谈论竞选。之后,情况慢慢变好,同学们渐渐遗忘了这件事,对待作者也像以往一样。故选A。
20.C 作者从失败中学会了如何面对挫折,并变得更强大。故选C。build character磨练意志。
阅读理解
三、A
[语篇解读] 本文以表格的形式讲述了四位来自不同国家的学生在中国接待家庭的经历。
21.A 细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的第四句话“I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital.”可知选A。
22.C 细节理解题。根据第二个表格中的第一句话“I stayed with my host family for five months.”可知选C。
23.D 细节理解题。根据第四个表格中的第三句话“My host sister is a really hardworking student.”可知选D。
B
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,属于人物故事类。文章讲述了主人公Sally与父亲之间关于制作赛车的故事。
24.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.”可知选B。
25.A 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.”可知答案为A。
26.D 主旨大意题。倒数第三段中的“Sometimes, learning happens during the process.”为本文的主旨句。故选D。
C
[语篇解读] 本文为一篇说明文,主要介绍了心理学意义上可以让时间慢下来并提出了扩展时间体验的建议。
27.B 推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down.可知,体验新鲜事物可以延长时间体验,故选B。
28.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience—to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. 可知,通过感官来感受身边的事物可以接收到更多信息, 故选
C。
29.A 主旨大意题。第一段的最后一句提出了心理学意义上可以让时间慢下来,并在第五段和第六段提出了如何扩展时间体验让时间慢下来的建议。故选A。
D
[语篇解读] 本文为一篇议论文。随着网络的快速发展,学生还需要记忆大量的知识吗?我们能依赖智能机器去记忆吗?
30.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.可知选项
B符合原文,故选B。
31.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along. 可知选项C符合原文, 故选C。
32.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词在句中为主语及句子的谓语和宾语(would produce terrible results)可知,会产生不好的结果,选项A符合原文,故选A。
33.D 推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.可知,本文的主要目的是提醒人们依赖机器记忆的风险。故选D。
四、[语篇解读] 本文介绍了科学家Marchenko和他的学生在北冰洋做研究调查时遇到巨浪的经历,并分析了这些巨浪给航海家和当地人带来的威胁。
34.In May,2010. 根据关键词“when”和“discover the huge waves”可定位到第二段第一句话“The waves were discovered by accident in May,2010.”。
35.To study the icy waters. 根据关键词“why”和“set out on the trip”可定位到第二段最后一句话“They wanted to study the icy waters.”。由于是问原因,因此答案需要加上“because”。
36.He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice. 根据关键词“to keep safe”可定位到第五段第一句“He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.”。
37.More than 20 feet in height. 根据关键词“How high”和“the largest waves”可定位到第六段第三句“They were more than 20 feet in height.”。
38.The danger of huge waves to people and wildlife there. 该段说明了这些巨浪对航海家和当地人以及靠海冰生存的野生生物们来说是很大的威胁。
书面表达
五、文段表达
39.[写作提示]
题目①
1.人称:以第一人称为主。
2.时态:以一般现在时为主。
3.要点:1)海报上交的时间;
2)分享设计海报的想法。题目②
1.人称:以第一人称为主。
2.时态:以一般过去时为主。
3.要点:1)列出你为了增强自律意识做过的事情;
2)自己已经获得的益处。
[参考范文]
题目①
Dear Peter,
Im glad to receive your email. We need to hand in the poster by next Monday. Now, Id like to share some ideas on how I will design my poster.
The main part is about safety rules for traffic. For example, be careful when crossing the street. Wait till the traffic lights turn green.
To make my poster more attractive, I plan to add several pictures to it. Hope my ideas will be helpful.
If there is anything more that I can help with, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②
Self-discipline plays an important role in our life. To be self-disciplined, I started from doing simple things. I tried to form the habits of getting up early and reading books for 30 minutes every day. Though it was hard at the beginning, I pushed myself hard. After
about three weeks, I got into the habits.
By doing so, I have improved myself. I am now more energetic and have a wider understanding of the world through reading.
