【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
满分练(四) 阅读理解+七选五阅读
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024 江西鹰潭二模)
This chart shows how much money Americans have in savings at every age.
The typical American household has an average of $8,863 in an account at a bank or
credit union,according to a recent report from Bankrate that analyzed inflation-adjusted data
from the Federal Reserve.That’s purely in liquid savings,so it doesn’t include retirement
funds or other investments.
However,that amount varies greatly by age and household type.
Savings vary widely by household type and age
For many families,this amount of savings falls short,some experts warn.“The ultimate
destination should be enough to cover six months’ expenses,perhaps 9 to 12 months for sole
breadwinners or self-employed individuals,” Greg McBride,CFA and chief financial analyst
for Bankrate.com,says in the report.
“Here’s the thing with emergency money:More is always better,” best-selling author and
co-founder of AE Wealth Management David Bach tells CNBC Make It.“You hear all the
time experts say,you should have three months of expenses set aside.Well,it depends.In the
recession,when people lost their jobs,three months of expenses set aside wasn’t enough.”
Meanwhile,other research has found that 60 percent of millennials don’t have enough
money to cover a $1,000 emergency.
In addition to building your emergency fund,you should aim to put around 15 percent of
your income towards retirement savings,according to the financial services company Fidelity.
If you want to put more away each month,start by cutting back on Americans,three
biggest expenses:housing,transportation and food.You can also research ways to trim(削减)
your budget and look into strategies for boosting your income.
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过图表介绍了美国人在各个年龄段的储蓄金
额。
1.According to the chart,for those between 35 and 44,who have the most in savings?
A.Singles with children.
B.Singles without children.
C.Couples with children.
D.Couples without children.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据柱状图可知,35~44 岁的人群中,有孩子的夫妇存款最多。故选C
项。
2.According to Greg McBride,at least how much money should be set aside for a family with
only one person who earns money?
A.3 months’ expenses.
B.6 months’ expenses.
C.9 months’ expenses.
D.12 months’ expenses.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中Greg McBride 所说的话可知,对于只有一人养家糊口
的家庭,要预留9~12 个月的花费,所以至少要有9 个月。
3.Which column of a newspaper is this article probably from?
A.Business and trade.
B.Saving and investing.
C.Health and wellness.
D.Employment and retirement.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据全文大意,文章通过图表介绍了美国人在各个年龄段的储蓄金
额,可以推断这篇文章应该来自报纸中的“Saving and investing(储蓄和投资)”专栏。
B
(2024 广东惠州一模)
As a child,John always wondered how the human body worked and how he could keep it
healthy.His interest in medicine grew stronger when he volunteered at a children’s hospital
during high school.The never-give-up spirit of young patients battling against various
illnesses massively affected him.Initially,he chose nursing in college,believing it would lead
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
him to work closely with children.But after his first half year,he recognized nursing wasn’t fit
for him.
Switching to biology helped him discover his passion for learning about the
complexities of human body and using that knowledge to help children.Although the thought
of the lengthy education and residency required for pediatrics(儿科学) made him hesitant,a
heart-to-heart conversation with his brother changed his mind.His brother convinced John
that his passion should motivate him rather than scare him.It was then that John decided to
become a pediatrician because of the simple fact that he would work with children every
day,and would make a positive impact on their lives and their families.
Pediatrics is not just about regular check-ups,it also includes making sick kids feel better
and helping them heal.This brings so much joy to John’s heart.To him,he is not only a doctor
but also a teacher,offering a safe space for the little ones to open up and share their fears or
concerns.Plus,he really enjoys being a friendly and easy-to-talk-to person in their lives.
Being a pediatrician gives John the rewarding experience of helping and interacting with
children daily and making those little ones’ tough times easier.Also,the changing world of
healthcare means he’ll always be learning new things and facing exciting challenges.With his
future plans,he wants to get into the field of being a physician assistant—a stepping stone that
keeps him involved in pediatric care while still engaged in direct interaction with young
patients.It allows him to do lots of the same things as a pediatrician,as well as helps him
improve skills that are vital for making kids healthier.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了John 从小对人体的运作和健康感兴
趣,高中时在儿童医院志愿服务增强了他的医学热情。虽然最初选择护理,但转学生物后,
他决定成为儿科医生,为孩子们的生活带来积极影响。
4.What can we learn about John from the first paragraph?
A.He began to have an interest in medicine during high school.
B.He decided to work on nursing after graduation from college.
C.He got inspired by young patients when volunteering at a hospital.
D.He was curious about how the doctors work to keep people healthy.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The never-give-up spirit of young patients battling
against various illnesses massively affected him.”可知,从第一段中可了解到John 在医院做
义工时受到年轻病人的启发。
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
5.Why did John choose the career as a pediatrician?
A.To learn about the complexities of human body.
B.To bring about improvements in children’s lives.
C.To get rewarding experience of helping children.
D.To face the challenges making him hesitant and scared.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It was then that John decided to become a
pediatrician...on their lives and their families.”可知,John 选择了儿科医生的职业是因为他
想改善儿童的生活。
6.Which of the following best describes John’s feeling towards being a pediatrician?
A.Excited but tired.
B.Worthy but stressful.
C.Proud and delighted.
D.Concerned and moved.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“This brings so much joy to John’s heart.”以及第四段
中“Being a pediatrician gives John...making those little ones’ tough times easier.”可知,John
对成为一名儿科医生的感受是自豪和喜悦的。
7.What’s the text mainly about?
A.John’s journey of pursuing a career in pediatrics.
B.John’s challenges and rewards as a pediatrician.
C.A comparison between pediatricians and nurses.
D.The importance of improving the health of children.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“It was then that John decided to become a
pediatrician...on their lives and their families.”并结合全文可知,文章主要讲述了John 从小
对人体的运作和健康感兴趣,高中时在儿童医院志愿服务增强了他的医学热情。虽然最
初选择护理,但转学生物后,他决定成为儿科医生,为孩子们的生活带来积极影响。A 项
具有高度概括性,符合全文语境。故选A 项。
C
(2024 安徽合肥二模)
Some languages are rapid-fire and others more unhurried but there is no difference in the
speed at which information is shared,according to the new research.
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
The world’s 7000 or so languages differ greatly not only in their range of available
phonemes—the units of sound that make up speech,but also in the pace at which these
building blocks are thrown together in speech.But the new research into the information
content in speech shows that languages allow their speakers to communicate about the same
amount of information per second despite wide variations in the speed of speech.
To understand this better,researchers led by Christophe Coupé from the University of
Lyon and Yoon Oh from the University of Canterbury studied recordings of 170 native adult
speakers of 17 European and Asian languages.Each speaker read a set of standardized texts
containing about 240,000 syllables(音节).The researchers found that the fastest language hit
9.1 syllables per second,and the slowest a mere 4.3.But this was cancelled out by the amount
of information,measured in bits,that each syllable contained.This varied significantly from
4.8 bits per syllable for Basque to 8.0 bits per syllable for Vietnamese.
The study found languages that pack a lot of information into sounds and syllables tend
to be spoken more slowly,while those with a low information density(密度) are delivered
more rapidly.While speech rate and information density fluctuate(波动) widely,the
information rate—the speed at which information is delivered—stays consistently around
39.15 bits per second.
The researchers say this appears to represent a optimal(最佳的) rate for giving and
receiving information.Languages seem to stably inhabit an optimal range of information
rates,away from the extremes that can still be available to individual speakers.Of course,not
everybody speaks at the optimal information rate.We all know people who talk too quickly or
slowly,and the new research may cast light on why we find listening to them hard work.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言学领域的最新研究成果,尽管各
语言语速各异,但信息传递效率却基本一致。
8.What has the new research found out?
A.Languages tend to convey information with similar efficiency.
B.Languages have nearly the same range of available phonemes.
C.The number of languages has gradually decreased to about 7000.
D.The speed of speech is determined by the information content.
答案 A
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But the new research into the information content in
speech shows...the speed of speech.”可知,新研究发现语言倾向于以相似的效率传递信息。
故选A 项。
9.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.A further explanation of the research methods.
B.A brief introduction of the research process.
C.Potential application of the research findings.
D.Supporting evidence for the research results.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据文章第三段“To understand this better...for Basque to 8.0 bits per
syllable for Vietnamese.”可知,第三段主要讲述了研究团队如何进行实验,包括他们选择
的参与者、实验材料以及实验发现的一些具体数据,因此,这一段是对研究过程的简要介
绍。
10.What can we learn from the finding of Christophe’s study?
A.More words in speech convey more information.
B.The information rate remains at a reasonable level.
C.The speech rate can affect the information density.
D.Languages with more syllables are delivered faster.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段尾句可知,从Christophe 的研究中我们能得知语言的
信息率保持在合理水平。故选B 项。
11.What can be inferred about the optimal information rate?
A.It can lead to smooth communication.
B.It may result in the difficulty of listening.
C.It stays the same for individual speakers.
D.It prevents speakers from going to extremes.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Languages seem to...be available to individual
speakers.”可推知,最优信息速率可以避开个体说话者的极端速率,能够使沟通顺畅。
D
A brown and dry lawn is not something many gardeners would boast about.But that is
exactly the kind of yard competition organizers in Sweden were looking for when they
launched the prize for the “World’s Ugliest Lawn”.People from around the world were
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
invited to post pictures of their dehydrated(脱水的) grass to social media in a bid to win the
uncertain honor.
The intention,according to those behind the project,was to raise awareness of “saving
water on a global scale by changing the norm for green lawns”.Lawns,which can require
large amounts of water to maintain,are coming under increasing examination as climate
change makes periods of drought more frequent and intense.
The global initiative was launched on the official website for Gotland in Sweden.“Huge
amounts of water are used to water lawns for aesthetics(美学).As the world gets warmer,lack
of water in urban areas is projected to affect up to 2.4 billion people by 2050.By not watering
lawns for aesthetic reasons,we can protect the availability of groundwater,” the competition
organizers said.
The unlikely title has been awarded to Kathleen Murray who lives in Sandford in
Tasmania,Australia.According to the organizers,Murray’s lawn “boasts deep and dry divots
created by three wild bandicoots(袋狸) and not one dust-covered decimeter is wasted on
watering”.Murray said in the press release about her triumph,“I am terribly proud!I knew I
would have my 5 minutes of fame,even if it was for having the ugliest lawn on the planet!I
am now free of ever taking care of my lawn again.”
A press release by the Gotland,office added,“For the planet and its declining stockpiles
of life-giving liquid,thank you,Kathleen,as well as those naughty bandicoots damaging your
lawn for the greater good.” Organizers added,“Gotland aims to show to Sweden and the
world that sustainable behavior doesn’t have to be dull.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻稿。文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者推出“世界上最
丑草坪”奖。
12.What can we say about the yard competition organized in Sweden?
A.People had even doubted its authenticity.
B.People worldwide were unwilling to join.
C.Its participants must be professional gardeners.
D.Its entries must agree with the existing aesthetics.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由文章第一段内容可推测,该奖项不是常规奖项,所以人们甚至怀疑
它的真实性。
13.What is the purpose of this yard competition?
A.To call on people to protect lawns.
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
B.To encourage people to be creative.
C.To challenge the norm of aesthetics.
D.To remind people of water shortage.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由文章第二段内容可知,这场庭院比赛的目的是提醒人们注意缺水
问题。
14.What does the underlined word “triumph” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Ambition.
B.Success.
C.Sorrow.
D.Barrier.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。由文章第四段中的“The unlikely title has been awarded to Kathleen
Murray who lives in Sandford in Tasmania,Australia.”可知,Kathleen Murray 获得“世界上
最丑草坪”奖,所以画线单词的句子应表示Murray 在新闻稿中谈到了她的获奖的成功,
所以猜测triumph 表“成功”。
15.What can be the best title for the text?
A.People’s Whelming Reaction To A Yard Contest In Sweden
B.Lawns And Rare Bandicoots Calling For Urgent Protection
C.A Lawn Named The Ugliest Globally All For A Good Cause
D.The World’s Ugliest Lawn Unaccepted By The Whole World
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。由文章第一段内容以及下文可知,文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织
者为了提醒人们注意缺水问题,推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。所以C 项“A Lawn
Named The Ugliest Globally All For A Good Cause(一块草坪被评为全球最丑陋草坪,只为
做一件好事)”符合语境。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024 江西新余二模)
How long does it take to become an elite(精英) in your field?
16
That’s what John
Hayes,a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University,wanted to know.
For decades,Hayes has been investigating the role of effort,practice and knowledge in
top performers.
17
The research focused on people like Mozart and Picasso—to
determine how long it took them to become world-class at their craft.
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
Let’s talk about what Hayes has discovered about world-class performers.And more
importantly,let’s discuss how you can use these insights to achieve your goals and become
your best.
18
He analyzed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685 to 1900.The
central question that drove his work was,“How long after one becomes interested in music is
it that one becomes world-class?” Eventually,Hayes developed a list of 500 pieces of
“masterworks” in the field,which were created by a total of 76 composers.
Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composer’s career.
19
What he discovered
was that virtually every single “masterwork” was written after the tenth year of the
composer’s career.Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a decade
of practice first.Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years before he
produced something that became popular.
20
In follow-up studies,Hayes found similar patterns among famous painters and popular
poets.These findings have been further confirmed by research from professors like K.Anders
Ericsson,who produced research that revealed that you needed to put in “10,000 hours” to
become an elite or expert in your field.
A.It takes time to achieve your goals.
B.And what do people like doing in their spare time?
C.He has studied the most talented creators in history.
D.Hayes started his research by examining successful composers.
E.Professor Hayes began to refer to this period as the “ten years of silence”.
F.And what do the successful people do differently than the rest of us?
G.And then he calculated how long they had been working before they created their popular
works.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了John Hayes 教授对于成为顶级精英
所需时间的研究。通过分析莫扎特、毕加索等大师的作品,Hayes 发现几乎所有杰作都
是在创作者生涯的第十年后诞生的,强调了“十年沉默期”的重要性。
16.F 上文“How long does it take to become an elite(精英) in your field?”以及下文
“That’s what John Hayes,a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon
University,wanted to know.”说明John Hayes 想要知道需要多久能成为所在领域的精英。
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
空处和上文并列提出关于精英的问题,并引出下文。F 项“成功人士与我们其他人有什
么不同之处?”符合语境。
17.C 上文“For decades,Hayes has been investigating the role of effort,practice and
knowledge in top performers.”说明Hayes 教授多年研究顶尖表演者所付出的努力、练习
和知识的作用。空处顺接上文,继续说明他的研究特点或范围,并引出下文。C 项中的
He 指代上文中的Hayes,“the most talented creators”和下文中的“people like Mozart and
Picasso”相呼应,所以C 项“他研究了历史上最有才华的创作者。”符合语境。
18.D 设空处下文说明本段主要介绍了John Hayes 研究了世界级表演者,以及如何利用
这些见解实现目标。所以D 项“Hayes 的研究始于考察成功的作曲家”符合语境,适合
引出本段,该项中的“by examining successful composers”和下文中的“He analyzed
thousands of musical pieces”相呼应。
19.G 上文“Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composer’s career.”说明Hayes 绘制
了每位作曲家的职业生涯时间线。空处顺承上文,进一步描述他之后的分析步骤。G 项
中的they 指代上文中的“composers”,说明John Hayes 计算了作曲家们创作流行作品之
前工作了多长时间。所以G 项“然后他计算了他们创作流行作品之前下了多长时间功
夫。”符合语境。
20.E 上文“Not a single person produced incredible work...something that became
popular.”说明几乎所有“杰作”都是在作曲家职业生涯的第十年后产生的。空处对前
面的现象进行总结性命名。E 项中的“this period”指代上文中的“work for at least ten
years before he produced something that became popular”,所以E 项“Hayes 教授开始将这
段时期称为‘十年沉默期’。”符合语境。故选E 项。
