文档内容
阅读综合测试 01
（阅读理解+阅读七选五）
（考试时间：40分钟 试卷满分：50分）
精选试题理由
阅读A 选题理由：人与社会---志愿者行动是高频考点 2024·广东省高三一模
阅读B 选题理由：人与自我----创新意识是当代主旋律 2024·江苏省南京市、盐城市高三上
学期第一次模拟
阅读C 选题理由：人与自然---关注养殖系统都存在可持续 2024届重庆市乌江新高考协作体一
性和气候变化 模
阅读D 选题理由：人与社会---棉花糖测试效应与人们日常 2024年1月浙江高考卷
的信息处理
阅读七选五 选题理由：人与社会---如何让自己变得有吸引力， 2024·四川省绵阳市第二次诊断性考
受人们的欢迎。 试
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 (每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Advance Africa Volunteers in Kenya offers opportunities to international volunteers in schools, hospitals and
community medical clinics.
Kenya Volunteer Program Schedule
You can volunteer for any duration and stay as long as you wish. You can arrive at any time during the month
and the volunteer work starts the following day. You will typically work between 9 a. m. and 4 p. m. Monday to
Friday. You will spend your spare time shopping, eating out, seeing movies, chatting with other volunteers or
swimming.
Kenya Volunteer Program is open to:
We invite individuals, couples, families, students, researchers, and groups (churches, colleges, and student
associations).
Volunteering in Kenya Costs
Cost for 2 weeks or less $500. 00
Cost for 1 month $700. 00Cost for 6 weeks $900. 00
Cost for 2 months $1, 100. 00
$200 more for every extra two weeks.
No refunds (退款) will be paid to any volunteer who has arrived in the country and started on their program
due to program change, early departures etc.
Our Volunteer in Kenya Program Offers
We have volunteers all year round. This gives you plenty of company to enjoy exciting travel adventures.
Some of our volunteer travel projects do not require specific skills. Everyone can participate regardless of age or
gender. Other projects require particular skills, education or interest.
The volunteer in Kenya program fee covers communication, airport pick-up, local support, in-country
orientation, training, accommodation and two meals per day (three meals over the weekends if you are at the
provided accommodation).
The volunteer in Kenya costs you need to meet are: your flight to and from the country, visa fees, work
permits, travel insurance, in-country transport and return trip to the airport.
Typical Living Arrangements: Advance Africa Volunteers’ house and home-stays.
1．What can we know about Kenya Volunteer Program?
A．It has flexible schedule. B．It is targeted at the youth.
C．It offers hotel accommodation. D．It needs previous experience.
2．What are the fees for 10-week volunteering?
A．$800. 00. B．$1, 000. 00.
C．$1, 100. 00. D．$1. 300. 00.
3．What does Kenya Volunteer Program offer?
A．Travel insurance. B．Free transport.
C．Airport pick-up service. D．Financial support.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在肯尼亚的志愿者项目，包括费用、安排以及住宿等。
1. 细节理解题。根据Kenya Volunteer Pro-gram Schedule部分中“You can volunteer for any duration and stay
as long as you wish. You can arrive at any time during the month and the volunteer work starts the following day.
”（你可以做任何志愿者，想待多久就待多久。你可以在这个月的任何时间到达，志愿者工作第二天就开
始了。）可知，志愿者项目的时间安排非常灵活。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据Volunteering in Kenya Costs部分中“Cost for 2 months$1, 100. 00”（2个月费用$1100.00）以及“200 more for every extra two weeks.”（每多两周就多200。）可知，每多两周费用将增加
200美元，因此$1, 100. 00+$200. 00=$1300. 00。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据Our Volunteer in Kenya Program Offers部分中“The volunteer in Kenya program fee
covers communication, airport pick-up” （肯尼亚志愿者项目费用包含通讯、接机）可知，这个志愿者项目
提供接机服务。故选C。
B
Winning a remarkable science award is really a big deal, especially if you are 12 years old. But Shanya Gill, a
middle schooler from San Jose, California, won the top award in the Thermo Fisher Scientific Junior Innovators
Challenge for designing a fire detection system that is superior to existing ones, as stated in the press release.
“The top winners have exhibited boundless curiosity,” Maya Ajmera president and CEO of Society for
Science, said in the press release. “Their remarkable research not only reflects their talent but also paves the way
for an exciting new future.”
Shanya’s inspiration came after a fire destroyed a restaurant in her neighborhood during the summer of 2022,
reported The Washington Post. “I had never really experienced something like that before,” she told The
Washington Post about the early morning fire at Holder’s Country Inn, which started in the kitchen. “They had
smoke detectors. and yet it still burned down,” she added.
After she studied fire statistics, Shaya spent over a year developing a fire detection system that she believes
could have prevented the fire. Unlike traditional smoke detectors that sense active fires from the smoke in the air,
Shanya’s thermal (热的) imaging device is designed to stop fires from occurring.
With a thermal camera and a Raspberry Pi, a tiny computer the device detects when a heat source has been left
unattended for ten minutes and sends a text message warning. Creating the prototype(原型) was difficult and the
hardest part was the programming, “I had two designs, and my first design completely failed. It was a really big
challenge I had to go through.” she said. The final device outperforms smoke detectors in speed and accuracy.
Shanya wants to bring the costs down to make it even more common than hardwired smoke detectors.
“Shanya saw a problem, went after it and tried to solve it, and that’s what we need to encourage with all young
people,” said Ajmera. She also highlighted the significance of supporting individuals, especially girls and kids of
color, in STEM fields, as research indicates that many young people drop out of these areas.
4．What can we learn about Shanya from the first two paragraphs?
A．She gained a lot of money in the award. B．She showed a curious nature as a schooler.
C．She set a big stage for young people her age. D．She was junior to other winners in performance.5．What motivated Shanya to develop her fire detection system?
A．Her desire to win the science award. B．Her experience of a destructive fire.
C．Her interest in computer programming. D．Her goal to improve STEM education for girls.
6．What is an advantage of Shanya’s invention?
A．It consists of two parts that are easier to conduct.
B．It can send out a warning against a potential fire.
C．It can detect active fires from the smoke in the air.
D．It functions when a fire breaks out within 10 minutes.
7．Which of the following can best describe Shanya?
A．Reliable. B．Cooperative. C．Innovative. D．Generous.
【答案】4．B 5．B 6．B 7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了来自加州圣何塞的中学生Shanya Gill在赛默飞世尔科学少年创
新者挑战赛中获得了最高奖项，因为她设计了一种优于现有系统的火灾探测系统。文章介绍了这种系统开
发背后的灵感来源以及优点。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“The top winners have exhibited boundless curiosity(顶级获奖者表现出了无限的
好奇心)”可知，Shanya表现出学者好奇的天性。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Shanya’s inspiration came after a fire destroyed a restaurant in her neighborhood
during the summer of 2022, reported The Washington Post.(据《华盛顿邮报》报道，Shanya的灵感来自于2022
年夏天一场大火烧毁了她家附近的一家餐馆)”可知，经历了一场毁灭性的火灾促使Shanya开发她的火灾探
测系统。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“With a thermal camera and a Raspberry Pi, a tiny computer the device
detects when a heat source has been left unattended for ten minutes and sends a text message warning.(该设备配有
热像仪和Raspberry Pi，配有一台微型计算机，当热源无人看管超过10分钟时，它就会检测到，并发出短
信警告)”可知，Shanya的发明优点在于可以发出潜在火灾的警告。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段“But Shanya Gill, a middle schooler from San Jose, California, won the top award
in the Thermo Fisher Scientific Junior Innovators Challenge for designing a fire detection system that is superior to
existing ones, as stated in the press release.(但是，来自加州圣何塞的中学生Shanya Gill在赛默飞世尔科学少
年创新者挑战赛中获得了最高奖项，因为她设计了一种优于现有系统的火灾探测系统)”可推知，Shanya发
明了一种优于现有系统的火灾探测系统，说明她很有创新精神。故选C。
COne overlooked benefit of lab-grown food is that it may help the UK deal with the crisis in housing
affordability. As farming is replaced by precision fermentation (发酵) , the significant amount of land currently
used for livestock farming(including parts of the green belt) will be freed up for development in places that people
actually want to live.
However, we’d take a different lesson from the promise of lab-grown meat. Free-market environmentalism
and harnessing the power of innovative technologies — supported by market-based measures like a border-
adjusted carbon tax — can successfully tackle the problem of man-made climate change without fundamentally
uprooting the way we run society. Saving the planet doesn’t have to cost us the earth.
It is important to acknowledge that certain types of livestock farming may have issues with sustainability and
climate change. But it is not true of all farming systems; and the issues that do exist are being dealt with using the
latest research into genetics and biotechnology-for example, recent research has shown that certain types of
seaweed can reduce methane emissions from cattle to close to zero.
Farmer data also shows that increased sales of milks have not seen a corresponding reduction in dairy sales.
The global food system, consumer choices and climate change are incredibly complex issues, and anyone who
proposes simple solutions is almost certainly not in possession of all the relevant facts and data. Livestock are an
important part of humanity’s future food needs.
8．Why does lab-grown food help Britain to solve the housing affordability crisis?
A．As farming is replaced by precision fermentation, the level of agricultural development is improved.
B．The significant amount of green belts are used for development in places that people actually want to live.
C．Lab-grown food is more environmentally friendly and beneficial to human health.
D．A large amount of land used for livestock farming will be freed up for residence.
9．What lessons have learned from the promise of lab-grown meat?
A．Free-market environmentalism can change the way society operates.
B．Adjusting carbon tax can successfully solve the problem of climate change.
C．Adopting the power of innovative technologies is useful for saving the earth.
D．Saving the earth requires changing the way society operates.
10．Which of the following best explains “harnessing” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．obtain B．exploit C．inherit D．develop
11．It can be inferred from this passage that______________.
A．global food issue is so complex that there are no complete research data.B．sustainability and climate change are common problems in agricultural systems.
C．some kinds of seaweed can make the amount of methane emitted by cattle ineffective.
D．the sales of substitute dairy products increased, and the sales of dairy products decreased accordingly.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。实验室培育的食品可能有助于解决英国住房负担能力危机，但并非所有的养
殖系统都存在可持续性和气候变化问题，有人提出的简单解决方案可能并不全面，牲畜是人类未来食物需
求的重要组成部分。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As farming is replaced by precision fermentation (发酵) , the significant
amount of land currently used for livestock farming(including parts of the green belt) will be freed up for
development in places that people actually want to live.(随着农业被精确发酵所取代，目前用于畜牧业的大量
土地(包括部分绿化带)将被腾出来，用于人们真正想要居住的地方的发展。)”可知，因为实验室可种植食物，
原来用于畜牧业的大量土地将被腾出来开发人们真正想要居住的地方，进而帮助英国解决住房负担能力危
机。故选 D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Free-market environmentalism and harnessing the power of innovative
technologies — supported by market-based measures like a border-adjusted carbon tax — can successfully tackle
the problem of man-made climate change without fundamentally uprooting the way we run society.(自由市场的环
保主义和利用创新技术的力量——由边境调整碳税等基于市场的措施支持——可以成功地解决人为气候变
化的问题，而不会从根本上根除我们运行社会的方式。)”可知， 自由市场环境保护主义和通过基于市场的
方式利用创新技术，能够在不颠覆社会运行方式下拯救地球。故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句“— supported by market-based measures like a border-adjusted carbon
tax — can successfully tackle the problem of man-made climate change without fundamentally uprooting the way
we run society.(——由边境调整碳税等基于市场的措施支持——可以成功地解决人为气候变化的问题，而不
会从根本上根除我们运行社会的方式。)”可以推断出，成功解决人为造成的气候变化问题，需要对科学技
术的力量加以“利用”。选项A意为“获得”；B意为“利用”；C意为“继承”； D意为“开发”。故
选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The global food system, consumer choices and climate change are
incrediblycomplex issues, and anyone who proposes simple solutions is almost certainly not in possession of all the
relevant facts and data.(全球食品系统、消费者选择和气候变化都是非常复杂的问题，任何提出简单解决方
案的人几乎肯定没有掌握所有相关的事实和数据。)”可知，全球食品问题非常复杂，没有完整的研究数据。
故选A。D
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late
1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the
child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be
given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed
a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but
by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various
types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed
a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve
reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have
the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to
resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was
information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has
greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information.
Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more
thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to
manage our time most effectively.
12．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test?
A．Take an examination alone. B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others. D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
13．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
14．What does the author suggest readers do?
A．Absorb new information readily. B．Be selective information consumers.C．Use diverse information sources. D．Protect the information environment.
15．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Eat Less, Read More B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．B 15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入
了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat,
they would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次
奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the
cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this
mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.(但
是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前
一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三
段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric
consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of
the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的
热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地
管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not
tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the
global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为
成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所
有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一
样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入
了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
How To Be More AttractiveHaving a beautiful face is hot but having a kind soul is hotter. Having visible success is hot but having
invisible achievement is hotter. 16 . After some research, I find some things that instantly attract me.
Living with passion and purpose
People with purpose move differently. You can see confidence in their eyes, discipline in their action, and
determination in their voice. When you come across such people, you’re instantly drawn to them. 17 . It
leaves you with a whisper, “You’ve got this too”.
Empathy & compassion (同理心)
The most attractive people are kind and ask for nothing back. It tells you a lot about a person when they help a
stranger with directions, a homeless person with a meal, a friend with an immediate move and a family member
with a listening ear. 18 .
19
People who are kind but say yes to everything are not kind. They are just people-pleasers who are constantly
seeking agreement and have a hidden motive most of the time. They are never afraid to say no to unhealthy
relationships and self-doubt.
A sense of humor
You know that kind of person, right? The one who doesn’t take themselves too seriously. 20 . When
talking with them, you’ll find your guard naturally comes down, and that you’re transported back to that childlike
state. It’s like that they accept you with all your flaws (瑕疵). This sense of comfort and acceptance is attractive.
A．Having bottom lines
B．Thinking before acting
C．These little things make a big difference
D．Charm is all about the treasure that lies within
E．Friendship is built on trust and help from one another
F．The one that can make you laugh until your stomach hurts
G．Their energy is so powerful that it lights up your own ambitions
【答案】16．D 17．G 18．C 19．A 20．F
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何变得更有吸引力的方法。
16．由标题“How To Be More Attractive (如何变得更有吸引力)”和下文小标题可知文章讲述如何变得更有
吸引力的方法，再结合上文“Having a beautiful face is hot but having a kind soul is hotter. Having visible
success is hot but having invisible achievement is hotter. (拥有一张美丽的脸是炙手可热的，但拥有一个善良的灵魂更炙手可热。取得看得见的成功很热门，但取得看不见的成就更热门)”讲内在、看不见的善良灵魂
和成就更受欢迎可知，该空内容应该与吸引力或魅力与内在、看不见的东西相关，D选项“魅力在于内在
的宝藏”切合语境。故选D项。
17．由小标题“Living with passion and purpose (充满激情和目标地去生活)”可知作者建议要想变得更有
吸引力，你可以充满激情和目标地去生活，再结合上文“People with purpose move differently. You can see
confidence in their eyes, discipline in their action, and determination in their voice. When you come across such
people, you’re instantly drawn to them. (有目标的人行动方式不同。你可以从他们的眼神中看到自信，从他
们的行动中看到自律，从他们声音中看到决心。当你遇到这样的人时，你会立刻被他们所吸引)”可知，有
激情和目标的人，他们身上散发着自信、自律和决心的气息，你会被他们所吸引，该空应该讲你被这样的
人吸引所导致的结果——你也被激发志气，充满激情和目标地去生活，变得更有吸引力，G选项“他们的
能量如此强大，以至于激发了你的雄心壮志”呼应下文“It leaves you with a whisper, “You’ve got this too”.
(它会给你留下私语：“你也有这个”)”，下文中“this”指的就是因为充满激情和目标地去生活而产生的吸
引力。故选G项。
18．由小标题“Empathy & compassion (同理心) (同理心和同情心)”可知作者建议要想变得更有吸引力，
你要有同理心和同情心，再结合上文“It tells you a lot about a person when they help a stranger with directions,
a homeless person with a meal, a friend with an immediate move and a family member with a listening ear. (当一
个人帮助陌生人问路，帮助无家可归的人吃饭，帮助朋友立即行动，帮助家人倾听时，它会告诉你很多关
于他的事情)”讲拥有同理心的人通过各种小善举帮助他人可知，该空应该讲做小善举会带来的影响，C选
项“这些小事会带来很大的不同”切合语境，选项中“These little things”呼应上文举的各种小善举的例子。
故选C项。
19．该空选取小标题，需总结下文。由下文“People who are kind but say yes to everything are not kind. They
are just people-pleasers who are constantly seeking agreement and have a hidden motive most of the time. They are
never afraid to say no to unhealthy relationships and self-doubt. (善良但对一切都说“是”的人是不善良的。他
们只是讨人喜欢的人，他们不断寻求赞同，大多数时候都有隐藏的动机。他们从不害怕对不健康的关系和
自我怀疑说不)”可知，作者认为要想变得更有吸引力，你要善良，但不能一味地去善良（这样不好），要
做一个敢于对不健康的关系和自我怀疑说不的有自己善良底线的人。A选项“有底线”切合语境。故选A
项。
20．由小标题“A sense of humor (幽默感)”可知作者建议要想变得更有吸引力，你要有幽默感，再结合下
文“When talking with them, you’ll find your guard naturally comes down, and that you’re transported back to thatchildlike state. It’s like that they accept you with all your flaws (瑕疵). This sense of comfort and acceptance is
attractive. (当你和他们交谈时，你会发现你的警惕感自然下降了，你又回到了童真的状态。就好像他们接
受了你所有的瑕疵。这种舒适感和接受感很有吸引力)”讲有幽默感的人身具吸引力，让他人感到舒适，可
知该空应该与有幽默感的人相关，F选项“那个能让你笑到肚子疼的人”切合语境。故选F项。
