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考点分类练(三) 推理判断题(1)
Passage 1(2025 浙江诸暨模拟)
主题:家庭关系与个人成长 词数:353
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:8 分钟
One day,there was a knock at the door and when I opened it,in walked my son carrying a
pot of flowers.For a moment,I didn’t know who he was and then,suddenly,he was there.He
hadn’t told us he was coming and seeing him was a shock and a wonderful surprise.It has
been years since I last cried about anything but when he stepped in I was in tears.
We live on Canada’s west coast and my son lives on the east coast.Despite the
distance,we visited each other with some frequency.However,for various reasons,we haven’t
seen each other for over two years.
As parents,we tend to think of our children as being young and being in need of our
guidance even when they have reached adulthood.Somehow,though,my son’s sudden
appearance and his month-long visit that followed let me see him in a whole new light.
My wife is ill and needs a lot of support these days and our son stepped up to help.There
were some repairs needed around the house that I hadn’t gotten to and he saw them and
helped me to make them happen.He is a homeowner and is therefore skilled at fixing and
maintaining the things that can go wrong in a normal household so he pitched in.He helped to
prepare food and to help his mother get comfortable when she had to move around.In
general,he took from me a load I hadn’t fully realized I was carrying.Working shoulder to
shoulder with this competent,confident man that I loved and admired was a wonderful and
surprising experience.
I probably shouldn’t have been surprised because my son is now in his fifties,is a
successful business consultant,owns a larger house than I ever had and makes far more
money than I ever did.I wonder how he ever got to be that way and I claim no credit for his
success.
My son left recently and again I shed tears as I did when he arrived.But it was different
somehow.
1.What do we know about the son’s arrival?
A.It struck fear into his old father.
B.It was considered a break-in.
C.It was what his father expected.
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D.It took the father by surprise.
2.What does the underlined phrase most probably mean?
A.Helped out.
B.Dropped in.
C.Shied away.
D.Held on.
3.Why do you think the author shed tears when his son left?
A.He had to carry the load again.
B.He needed spiritual support badly.
C.He was very proud of his son.
D.He was saddened by his departure.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.A Long-awaited but Short-lived Visit
B.A Timely and Praiseworthy Backup
C.An Intelligent and Wonderful Old Son
D.An Unexpected Visit from My Son
Passage 2(2025 江西萍乡三模)
主题:动物园 词数:300
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:7 分钟
In 2023,an appeal by actress Joanna Lumley to free the UK’s 50 caged elephants was
turned down by the CEO of Chester Zoo.He claimed that modern zoos are “enlightened”
places,a “million miles away” from how they were half a century ago,and crucial to
conservation.
Is he right?We should perhaps start by pointing out what he does not say:that elephants
do suffer in zoos.It is hard to avoid the fact that these places still make animals
miserable,particularly large and intelligent ones.Elephants,big cats and primates clearly do
not enjoy captivity(圈养).
Even airy modern enclosures decorated with grassy slopes and pretty vines cannot hope
to provide exactly the same natural surroundings.Animals pace,rock and scratch
themselves,and often die young.A surprising number of zoo animals are on psychoactive
drugs.In 2000,a survey of North American zoos found that almost half were giving their
gorillas drugs to help them cope with their boring lives.
Defenders of modern zoos tend to say that these animals’ sad lives serve a higher
cause.At the price of one caged elephant,we can save many more in the wild,and meanwhile
nurture generations of animal lovers,who might one day become conservationists themselves.
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But will zoos inspire people to become conservationists?Unlikely.After all,conservation
is rooted in the philosophy that we do not have a natural domination over other species,or the
right to use them as we will.But zoos are built on the opposing principle—that of humans as
consumers,animals to be consumed.
“Adults take children to the zoo to show them the originals of their soft toy
reproductions,” wrote John Berger.It is where they go to learn that animals are not fellow
creatures but things.
5.What does the CEO of Chester Zoo think of modern zoos?
A.They are prisons for animals.
B.They are habitable for animals.
C.They are too remote for animals to live.
D.They are unchanged from 50 years ago.
6.Why does the author mention the drug use phenomenon in zoos?
A.To prove zoo animals’ suffering.
B.To criticize the management.
C.To imitate natural ecosystems.
D.To highlight animals’ carefree lives.
7.How does the author defend his view according to paragraph 5?
A.By listing zoo success stories.
B.By emphasizing animal freedom.
C.By quoting expert opinions.
D.By comparing conflicting values.
8.What can be implied from the text?
A.Zoos strengthen family bonds.
B.Zoos enhance wildlife conservation.
C.Zoos go against the educational role.
D.Zoos weaken humans’ domination over animals.
Passage 3(2025 江西赣州二模)
主题:心理学与行为科学 词数:333
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:8 分钟
Imagine this:Robin walks across a college campus and sees a man fall down on the
ground,coughing and crying.Will Robin stop to help?You might think it depends on Robin’s
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personality.However,psychologists Lee Ross and Richard Nisbett argue that the situation is
more important than personality in predicting behavior.
In their book The Person and the Situation,Ross and Nisbett suggest that our
personalities are less important in predicting our behavior than we might think,and a powerful
influence on what we do,often overlooked,is the situation.For example,in the early
1970s,psychologists John Darley and Daniel Batson conducted an experiment on 47 male
students at Princeton.Each student was asked to give a speech in a nearby building and,on the
way,encountered an actor who was in deep sorrow.The results showed that no personality
trait(特点) could predict whether a student stopped to help.The only significant factor was
whether the student was in a hurry.Only 10 percent of those in a hurry stopped,while 73
percent of those with sufficient time did.
This shows that the situation matters—a point worth remembering when we judge
others.Similarly,it also applies to our own attempts at personal change.Many of us make
resolutions to change our ways.But often,we fail,as we imagine changing ourselves as a
person,rather than changing our situation.We tell ourselves to eat better food,drink less and
exercise more.But perhaps it would be better if we told ourselves to sign up for a weekly
vegetable-box delivery,and join a running club that meets on Friday evenings instead of
going to the pub.If you don’t want to be distracted by your phone,delete the most
troublesome apps.
In short,if we want to act differently,we should surround ourselves with things and
people that encourage the desired behavior.By changing our situation,we might find it easier
to achieve the real personal change.
9.Why does the author mention Robin in the first paragraph?
A.To explain the difficulty of moral choices.
B.To illustrate a feature of cautious behavior.
C.To show the benefit of making resolutions.
D.To introduce the topic of situational influence.
10.What matters most in predicting behavior according to the results?
A.Time urgency.
B.Personality traits.
C.Academic background.
D.Gender differences.
11.Which of the following can be a suggestion of the author?
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A.Promising a friend to eat healthily.
B.Working with disciplined people.
C.Repeating the goals aloud each night.
D.Listing reasons to avoid social media.
12.What is the best title for the text?
A.What Truly Shapes Our Personality
B.What Really Drives Human Behavior
C.How People Make Practical Resolutions
D.How Values Conflict in Moral Dilemmas
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答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位父亲如何在儿子意外来访后,重新认
识并欣赏已经成熟的儿子,以及儿子在家庭中提供的支持和帮助。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“For a moment,I didn’t know who he was and
then,suddenly,he was there.He hadn’t told us he was coming and seeing him was a shock and
a wonderful surprise.”可知,儿子的到来让父亲感到非常意外。
2.A 词句猜测题。根据上文的内容“There were some repairs needed around the house
that I hadn’t gotten to and he saw them and helped me to make them happen.He is a
homeowner and is therefore skilled at fixing and maintaining the things that can go wrong in
a normal household”可知,儿子擅长修理和维护普通家庭里可能出问题的东西,所以,儿子
能帮上忙,画线短语pitched in 的意义为“帮忙”,与helped out 意义一致。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“I probably shouldn’t have been surprised because
my son is now in his fifties,is a successful business consultant,owns a larger house than I ever
had and makes far more money than I ever did.I wonder how he ever got to be that way and I
claim no credit for his success.”和第六段“My son left recently and again I shed tears as I
did when he arrived.But it was different somehow.”可以推断出,作者为儿子的成功和成长
感到骄傲而流泪。故选C 项。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据文章内容,特别是第一段中“One day,there was a knock at the
door and when I opened it,in walked my son carrying a pot of flowers.For a moment,I didn’t
know who he was and then,suddenly,he was there.He hadn’t told us he was coming and
seeing him was a shock and a wonderful surprise.”可知,文章主要讲述了儿子意外来访,给
家庭带来了巨大的帮助和支持,让父亲重新认识了已经成熟的儿子。因此,最佳标题是D
项“An Unexpected Visit from My Son(我儿子的意外来访)”。
提分干货
高频
词汇
1.maintain v.维护;维修 2.competent adj.能干的
3.consultant n.顾问
熟词
生义
credit (生)n.功劳 (熟)n.学分;信用
重点
短语
1.in tears 流泪 2.step up (to help) 站出来(帮忙)
3.shoulder to shoulder 并肩 4.shed tears 流泪
5.in general 通常,一般说来
难句
分析
Working shoulder to shoulder with this competent,confident man that I loved and
admired was a wonderful and surprising experience.
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分析:本句为主从复合句。Working shoulder to shoulder with this
competent,confident man 为现在分词短语作主语;that I loved and admired 为
that 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词man。
译文:与这位我深爱和钦佩的能干而自信的人并肩做事是一段美妙而惊喜的
经历。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代动物园不能为动物提供适宜的
生存环境,违背了其教育职责。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He claimed that modern zoos are ‘enlightened’ places,a
‘million miles away’ from how they were half a century ago,and crucial to conservation.”可
知,切斯特动物园的CEO 认为现代动物园适合动物居住。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Animals pace,rock and scratch themselves,and often
die young.A surprising number of zoo animals are on psychoactive drugs.In 2000,a survey of
North American zoos found that almost half were giving their gorillas drugs to help them
cope with their boring lives.”可推知,作者提到动物园中使用药物的现象是为了证明动物
园中的动物的痛苦。
易错点拨:本题易错选D 项。作者提到动物园动物使用精神药物(psychoactive drugs)是
为了说明它们因圈养生活而承受巨大压力,甚至需要药物来缓解痛苦(如大猩猩因无聊而
服药)。这与“无忧无虑的生活”(carefree lives)完全相反。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第五段“But will zoos inspire people to become conservationists?
Unlikely.After all,conservation is rooted in the philosophy that we do not have a natural
domination over other species,or the right to use them as we will.But zoos are built on the
opposing principle—that of humans as consumers,animals to be consumed.”可知,作者在第
五段中通过比较相互冲突的价值观来捍卫自己的观点。
8.C 推理判断题。根据第六段“‘Adults take children to the zoo to show them the
originals of their soft toy reproductions,’wrote John Berger.It is where they go to learn that
animals are not fellow creatures but things.”可知,成年人带孩子去动物园,孩子们在那里了
解到的是,动物不是同类,而是事物,由此可以暗示动物园违背了教育职责。
提分干货
高频
词汇
1.crucial adj.至关重要的
2.conservation n.保护(自然资源、动物等)
3.miserable adj.痛苦的;悲惨的
4.domination n.支配;控制
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5.opposing adj.相反的
重点
短语
1.turn down 拒绝
2.a million miles away from... 与……截然不同
3.cope with 应对;处理
4.be rooted in 植根于,源于
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了心理学家研究发现情境因素对人类
行为的影响比个性更重要,并通过实验和实例进行了论证,最后提出通过改变情境来实现
个人改变的建议。
9.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However,psychologists Lee Ross and Richard
Nisbett argue that the situation is more important than personality in predicting behavior.” 可
知,作者提到罗宾是为了引出“情境影响”这一话题。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The only significant factor was whether the student
was in a hurry.Only 10 percent of those in a hurry stopped,while 73 percent of those with
sufficient time did.” 可知,在预测行为时,时间紧迫性是最重要的因素。
11.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In short,if we want to act differently,we should
surround ourselves with things and people that encourage the desired behavior.” 可推知,作者
会建议和自律的人一起工作。
易错点拨:本题易错选D 项。因为“避免社交媒体”看似与“删除app”(文中例子)相关,
但“列出理由”仍是认知努力,而非环境改造。
12.B 主旨大意题。文章开篇通过罗宾的例子引出情境对行为的影响,接着通过实验说
明情境比个性更能影响行为,最后强调通过改变情境来实现个人行为的改变,所以文章主
要探讨的是什么真正驱动了人类的行为。选项 B“什么真正驱动了人类行为”为最佳标
题。
提分干货
高频
词汇
1.personality n.个性 2.predict v.预测
3.significant adj.重要的;显著的
4.factor n.因素5.resolution n.决心
6.distract v.使分心
7.desired adj.期望的
熟词
生义
matter(生) vi.很重要 (熟) n.事情
重点
短语
1.apply to 适用于
2.make resolutions 下决心
3.be distracted by 被……分心
4.in short 简言之
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难句
分析
In short,if we want to act differently,we should surround ourselves with things and
people that encourage the desired behavior.
分析:本句为主从复合句。if we want to act differently 为if 引导的条件状语从
句,that encourage the desired behavior 为that 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词things
and people。
译文:简而言之,如果我们想要改变行为方式,我们应该置身于能促进目标行为的
环境与人际圈中。
