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考点分类练(十一) 主旨大意题(2)
Passage 1(2025 山东泰安二模)
主题:暖心故事 词数:352
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7 分钟
Tuan Pham was feeling pretty good about himself as he approached the 12-mile mark of
the Long Beach Half Marathon in Southern California.The run on Oct.15, 2023 was the 47-
year-old’s seventh such event,and he couldn’t wait to celebrate at the finish line with his
teenage son,who had raced ahead.Pham took another step or two,and that was the last thing
he remembers.
He had no pulse,nor was he breathing.Three blocked arteries(动脉) had led to doing him
in.He was clinically dead.If he didn’t get help soon,he’d be officially dead.
The American Heart Association says the odds of surviving a heart attack outside of a
hospital are less than 12%.Pham’s only chance of survival was if someone,say,a
cardiologist,happened to pass by.
Just as Pham hit the ground,Ryan Chiu,a cardiothoracic surgeon from Memorial Care
Long Beach Medical Center,was leaving a restaurant a few feet away.Dr.Chiu immediately
recognized what was happening.He ran to Pham’s side and began chest compressions(挤
压).He asked for the help of a bystander,who took over on compressions while Dr.Chiu
called his hospital and told them to prepare an operating room and gather a surgical team.
Minutes later,an ambulance arrived.Medics scooped up Pham and sped him away to the
hospital,with Dr.Chiu following in his own car.The surgery that Dr.Chiu performed was a
success,and Pham is alive and well—well enough to return to the route of the Long Beach
Half Marathon and pick up where he left off.
Pham likely wouldn’t have had that opportunity if providence hadn’t stepped in.After
brunch,Chiu’s friend asked him to stay a few more minutes so they could take in the ocean
view.If Chiu had left the restaurant when he’d intended,he would never have witnessed Pham
falling.“I can’t believe the one guy,the first guy,to see me fall,to show up and give me
help,was a cardiac surgeon,” Pham told The Post.“What are the odds?”
1.What happened to Pham when he approached the finish line during a half Marathon?
A.He passed out with a heart attack.
B.He broke the regulations of the race.
C.He got injured and fell to the ground.
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D.He celebrated his victory with his son.
2.Which of the following words can best describe Ryan Chiu?
A.Wise and generous.
B.Kind and professional.
C.Energetic and lucky.
D.Humble and warm-hearted.
3.Why did Dr.Chiu stay a little longer in the restaurant?
A.He met an old friend.
B.He forgot to pay the bill.
C.He waited for more delicious dishes.
D.He was asked to appreciate the scenery.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.Perfect Timing
B.Pham’s Lucky Day
C.An Act of Kindness
D.An Incident in the Race
Passage 2(2025 河北秦皇岛5 月模拟)
主题:文化遗址 词数:342
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7 分钟
Construction workers recently found the ruins of a large pyramid beside a highway in
Mexico.After discovering the site,researchers collected many ancient objects that will be
studied in their laboratories over the coming months.The structure was found in June 2024
during highway expansion work in Hidalgo,central Mexico.The discovery happened by
chance as workers were adding a third lane to the federal highway,showing how ancient
structures can still be found during modern construction projects.
Scientists from Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History went to study
the site.They used drones to take pictures and collected 155 items,including pieces of
pottery,stone tools,and shells.To protect the old building,they built a large wall around the
pyramid,which is 43 meters long and 11.7 meters high.
The pyramid is part of an old settlement called San Miguel,built between 650 CE—1519
CE.The area was ruled by the “Metzca lordship”,which influenced the region until the
1500s.People have lived in this region for a very long time,with the oldest settlements dating
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back at least 14,000 years.This shows that many different groups of people have lived here
over thousands of years.
Scientists keep finding hidden ancient buildings in Mexico and other parts of the
Americas.Many discoveries are made using LiDAR,a technology that uses laser light to see
things concealed under plants and trees.This tool helps archaeologists(考古学家) find old
structures that they couldn’t see just by looking at the ground.
Last year,researchers used LiDAR to find an 18-kilometer road that connected ancient
Maya cities over 1,200 years ago.In Guatemala,they also discovered a previously unknown
Maya civilization with 964 settlements connected by 177 kilometers of ancient roads.These
findings show that the Americas had complex and thriving societies long before European
settlers arrived.The discoveries remind us how advanced these ancient civilizations
were,though their development was later interrupted by colonization.Each new discovery
helps build a more complete picture of these remarkable ancient societies.
5.What action did scientists take first after discovering the site?
A.They restored the pyramid.
B.They contacted local authorities.
C.They removed all artifacts.
D.They photographed the site.
6.What does the underlined word “concealed” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Ancient.
B.Hidden.
C.Risky.
D.Connected.
7.What does the author convey in the last paragraph?
A.Maya civilization was primitive.
B.European settlers improved local life.
C.Ancient Americas had advanced societies.
D.Modern technology surpasses ancient wisdom.
8.What’s the best title for the text?
A.Mexico builds new highways
B.Ancient ruins need protection
C.Unexpected discovery reveals past civilization
D.Modern technology helps archaeological work
Passage 3(2025 重庆三模)
主题:气候变化与环境保护 词数:340
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难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7 分钟
A new study,published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences,concludes that proper reductions in beef production,particularly in wealthier
nations,could significantly slow down climate change by allowing forests to regrow on
former grasslands.
The study used remote sensing technology to map grassland productivity and estimate
benefits of reducing beef production,finding that restoring all potentially forested grasslands
globally could store 445 gigatons of CO2 by 2100—equal to the amount of fossil fuel
emissions(排放) over a decade.
“We can achieve enormous climate benefits with proper changes to the total global beef
production,” says Matthew N.Hayek,an assistant professor in New York University’s
environmental studies department.“By focusing on regions with potentially high carbon
sequestration(隔离) in forests,some restoration strategies could maximize climate benefits
while minimizing changes to food supplies.”
The team see high-and upper-middle-income countries as possible candidates for forest
restoration,where grass grows only during a short growing season.These regions,such as parts
of North America and Europe,have some current grasslands that do not produce much grass
per acre,and thus have the potential to grow thick forests able to absorb a lot of carbon.In
contrast,lower-income regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South America,where much more
grass can grow year-round,can contribute to balancing reduced production elsewhere.
Matthew acknowledged that reforestation cannot replace cutting down on fossil fuel
pollution,but works together with it to help fight climate change.“In many places,this
regrowth could occur naturally without any human involvement.However,in some
places,with especially damaged environments or soils,native and diverse tree-planting could
give regrowth a helping hand,” says Matthew.
Although the findings do not call for extreme changes to global food production,the
team emphasizes that immediate action is essential to meet climate goals.Targeted policies
are called for to prioritize forest recovery in high-impact areas—for instance,by offering beef
producers rewards for forest land conservation or purchasing their company shares.
9.Why is “445 gigatons of CO2” mentioned in paragraph 2?
A.To clarify a specific climate goal by 2100.
B.To quantify the benefits of grassland recovery.
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C.To show the difficulty of cutting fossil fuel use.
D.To highlight the role of remote sensing technology.
10.What can be learned about the grasslands in sub-Saharan Africa and South America?
A.They are ideal for reforestation.
B.They have a short growing season.
C.They are expected to feed more animals.
D.They have a low capacity for carbon absorption.
11.What policy is suggested for forest recovery?
A.Limiting beef exports.
B.Increasing agricultural taxes.
C.Providing financial benefits.
D.Introducing advanced technology.
12.What might be a suitable title for the text?
A.Targeted Beef Cuts Bring Climate Benefits
B.Grassland Expansion Ends Carbon Emissions
C.Global Food Production Must Decrease Significantly
D.Beef Industry Growth Promotes Environmental Health
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答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Pham 在半程马拉松比赛中突发心
脏病,被心脏外科医生Chiu 及时救治的故事。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The run on Oct.15, 2023 was the 47-year-old’s seventh
such event,and he couldn’t wait to celebrate at the finish line with his teenage son,who had
raced ahead.Pham took another step or two,and that was the last thing he remembers.”和第二
段中“He had no pulse,nor was he breathing.Three blocked arteries had led to doing him
in.He was clinically dead.”可知,Pham 在接近半程马拉松终点线时突发心脏病晕倒了。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Dr.Chiu immediately recognized what was
happening.He ran to Pham’s side and began chest compressions.He asked for the help of a
bystander,who took over on compressions while Dr.Chiu called his hospital and told them to
prepare an operating room and gather a surgical team.”可知,Ryan Chiu 既善良又专业,在紧
急情况下能够迅速做出反应并提供专业的医疗救助。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“After brunch,Chiu’s friend asked him to stay a few
more minutes so they could take in the ocean view.”可知,Chiu 医生在餐厅多待了一会儿是
因为他被要求欣赏风景。
4.A 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是由文章最后一段可知,文章主要讲述了Pham 在半
程马拉松比赛中突发心脏病,而心脏外科医生Chiu 恰好路过并及时救治了他的故事。这
个故事强调了时机的重要性,即Chiu 医生在正确的时间出现在了正确的地点,从而挽救
了Pham 的生命。因此,A 项“Perfect Timing”最符合文章的主旨。故选A 项。
提分干货
高频
词汇
1.survival n.继续生存,幸存
2.ambulance n.救护车
重点
短语
1.can’t wait to do 迫不及待做……
2.happen to do 碰巧做……
3.take over 接管;接替
4.speed away 快速送离;疾驰而去
难句
分析
He asked for the help of a bystander,who took over on compressions while Dr.Chiu
called his hospital and told them to prepare an operating room and gather a surgical
team.
分析:本句为复合句。who took over on compressions 为who 引导的定语从
句;while Dr.Chiu called his hospital and told them to prepare an operating room and
gather a surgical team 为while 引导的时间状语从句。
译文:他向一位旁观者求助,这位旁观者接手进行按压,而Chiu 医生打电话给医
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院让其准备手术室并召集手术团队。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了建筑工人在墨西哥修建公路时偶然
发现了一座金字塔遗址,科学家们对其进行研究,还介绍了利用现代技术在美洲不断发现
古代建筑遗址,这些发现揭示了过去的文明。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They used drones to take pictures and collected 155
items,including pieces of pottery,stone tools,and shells.”可知,科学家发现这个地点后首先
拍摄了现场。
6.B 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“This tool helps archaeologists find old structures that
they couldn’t see just by looking at the ground.”可知,科学家们不断发现隐藏的古建筑,而
LiDAR 技术是用来看到隐藏在植物和树木下的东西的,故画线词意思是“隐藏的”。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,最后一段表达了古代美洲有先进的社会。
易错点拨:本题易错选D 项。最后一段的核心是古代美洲社会的发达程度(如玛雅道路
网、复杂定居点),而非现代技术与古代智慧的对比。D 项的“Modern technology”(现代
技术)虽提到LiDAR,但这是研究手段,而非作者要传达的结论。
8.C 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Construction workers recently found the ruins of a
large pyramid beside a highway in Mexico.After discovering the site,researchers collected
many ancient objects that will be studied in their laboratories over the coming months.”并结
合文章主要讲述了建筑工人在墨西哥修建公路时偶然发现了一座金字塔遗址,科学家们
对其进行研究,还介绍了利用现代技术在美洲不断发现古代建筑遗址,这些发现揭示了过
去的文明。可知,C 项“意外的发现揭示了过去的文明”最符合文章标题。
提分干货
高频
词汇
1.ruins n.遗迹;废墟
2.civilization n.文明
3.interrupt vt.中断;打断
4.thriving adj.繁荣的;兴盛的
熟词
生义
picture (生) n.全貌,图景 (熟) n.图片,照片
重点
短语
1.by chance 偶然地;意外地
2.date back (to) 追溯到;始于
难句
分析
The discovery happened by chance as workers were adding a third lane to the
federal highway,showing how ancient structures can still be found during modern
construction projects.
难句
分析
分析:本句为复合句。as workers were adding a third lane to the federal highway
为as 引导的时间状语从句;showing how ancient structures can still be found
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during modern construction projects 为现在分词短语作状语,其中又包含how 引
导的宾语从句how ancient structures can still be found during modern
construction projects。
译文:这一发现是在工人为联邦公路增加第三条车道时偶然发生的,表明在现
代建设项目中仍有可能发现古代建筑。
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究表明适当减少牛肉产量,
尤其是在较富裕国家,可减缓气候变化。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,第二段提到“4450 亿吨二氧化碳”是为了量化草
原恢复的好处。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In contrast,lower-income regions like sub-Saharan
Africa and South America,where much more grass can grow year-round,can contribute to
balancing reduced production elsewhere.”可知,撒哈拉以南非洲和南美洲的草原有望饲养
更多的动物。
11.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Targeted policies are called for to prioritize forest
recovery in high-impact areas—for instance,by offering beef producers rewards for forest
land conservation or purchasing their company shares.”可知,文章建议通过提供经济利益来
促进森林恢复。故选C 项。
12.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段并结合文章主要讲述了一项新研究表明适当减少牛肉
产量,尤其是在较富裕国家,可减缓气候变化,可知,A 项“有针对性地减少牛肉产量可带
来气候效益”最符合文章标题。
提分干货
高频
词汇
1.restore vt.恢复;重建 2.minimize vt.使最小化
3.prioritize vt.优先处理
4.estimate vt.评估
5.candidate n.候选人
熟词
生义
share (生) n.股份 (熟) vt.分享
重点
短语
1.slow down 减缓;放慢
2.in contrast 相比之下
3.cut down on 减少
4.call for 呼吁;要求
难句
分析
A new study,published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences,concludes that proper reductions in beef production,particularly in
wealthier nations,could significantly slow down climate change by allowing
forests to regrow on former grasslands.
分析:本句为复合句。published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences 为过去分词短语作后置定语;that proper reductions...为that 引导的宾
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语从句;by allowing forests to regrow on former grasslands 为介词短语作状语。
译文:发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项新研究得出结论:适当减少牛
肉生产,尤其是在较富裕国家,可通过让森林在昔日草原上重新生长,显著减缓
气候变化。
