高中英语必备核心短语与句型（讲义）
必备句型UNIT 13
which和as引导的非限制性定语从句
1.which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指
句子的部分内容（如单词或词组等）。注意它在句子中的位置：只
能放在主句后，不能放在主句前，只能指物。
例 The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good working
order. 这时钟是我祖父买的，现在还走时很准。
She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改变了主意，
这使我们大家都生气了。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could
expect. 天气最终转晴了，这是我们没有预料到的。
2.在as 引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词 as 在句子中可以作主
语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。翻译为“正如……”。as 引导
的定语从句位置比较灵活，既可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句
之前。
常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to...; as is often the
case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you
before; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we
expect; as I can remember等。
例 As we all know, no news is good news. 众所周知，没有消息就是好消息。
考 ______ （正如我们强调的那样） many times, “serve the people”
is our first policy. (stress)（湖北高考）
答案：As we have stressed
解析：当以整个主句作为先行词，又放在主句前时，非限定性定语
从句只能由 as 来引导，此处非限制性定语从句应为 as we have
stressed，as是关系代词，在定语从句中充当stressed的宾语。
EXERCISE
1.My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
2.The Voice of China was such a popular programme with viewers
______ had produced many a music lover.
A. who
B. that
C. where
D. as
3.______ is often the case with her, my mother talked about my study for
at least half an hour non-stop before she drove me to school yesterday.
A. AsB. Which
C. What
D. That
4.The gift was the Amber Room, ______ was given this name because
several tons of amber were used to make it.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. whose
5.On December 19, Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Macao to
celebrate the 15th year of its return to the motherland, ______ made the
local people excited.
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
6.He forgot to lock the door, ______ of course, made things even worse.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. what
答案01-06 ADACBC
what引导的从句
what 在英语中非常活跃，它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表
语从句，但是不可用来引导定语从句。既可以指人，也可以指物。
例 What is most important in life isn’t money.（主语从句）
人生最重要的并非是金钱。
Will you show me what you bought?（宾语从句）
可以把你买的东西给我看一下吗？
Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago.（表语从句）
玛丽已经不是10年前的她了。
考 —What a mess! You are always so lazy!（江苏高考）
—I’m not to blame, Mum. I am ______ you have made me.
A. how
B. what
C. that
D. who
选 B。句意：——多么混乱啊！你总是这么懒！——我不应当受到
责备，妈妈，都是你让我变成这个样子的。分析句子结构后可知，
“______ you have made me”是表语从句，从句中 make 缺少间接宾
语，故用what引导。
EXERCISE1.His grandfather was among the first to settle in ______ is now a famous
holiday center.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. that
2.China isn’t ______ she used to be.
A. that
B. what
C. where
D. how
3.In my opinion, ______ matters is whether we can win together as a
team instead of individuals.
A. how
B. it
C. that
D. what
4.After sailing for five months, they arrived at ______ they thought was
the place they had been looking for.
A. what
B. that
C. whichD. where
5.Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is ______ he can’t enjoy
while living in big cities.
A. that
B. why
C. where
D. what
6.Everyone is different and that is ______ makes our world so much
better.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
7.People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see
______ he will do.
A. that
B. what
C. when
D. how
答案
01-05 ABDAD
06-07 CB祈使句+and/or+含有一般将来时的陈述句
该句型中 and 表示前后句是顺接关系，意思是“那么”；or 表
示前后句是转折关系，意思是“否则”。祈使句可以转换为 if 引导
的条件状语从句，但这时要去掉连词and/or。
例 Take more exercise and you’ll become healthy.
=If you take more exercise, you’ll become healthy.
多锻炼，你就会身体健康。
Start early, or you will miss the early bus.
=If you don’t start early, you will miss the early bus.
早点出发，要不然你就赶不上早班车。
考 Read this story, ______ you will realize that not everything can be
bought with money.（四川高考）
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
选B。考查固定句型：祈使句+and/or+陈述句。此处前后两句话为顺
接关系，故用 and，相当于 If you read this story, you will realize that
not everything can be bought with money。
EXERCISE
1.______ Wuhu with Shanghai, to be frank, and you’ll find it’s moreconvenient to live in the former.
A. To compare
B. Comparing
C. Compare
D. Compared
2.Hurry up, ______ you’ll miss the train.
A. but
B. and
C. then
D. or
3.Catherine, ______ up early tomorrow morning, or we will be late for
the train.
A. getting
B. gets
C. get
D. to get
4.______ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.
A. Go
B. Going
C. If you go
D. When going
5.______ and I’ll get the work finished.A. Have one more hour
B. One more hour
C. Given one more hour
D. If I have one more hour
答案
01-05 CDCAB
表达倍数的句型
1....倍数+as+形容词（或副词）原级+as...
例 This big stone is three times as heavy as that one．这块大石头的重
量是那块的三倍。
考 It’s said that the power plant is now ______ large as what it was.
A. twice as
B. as twice
C. twice much
D. much twice
选 A。考查比较级倍数表达句型。句意：据说这座发电厂比过去大
了一倍。此处句型为：倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象，
故应选A。
2....倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+than...
例 This rope is twice longer than that one. 这根绳的长度是那根绳的三
倍。3....倍数+the size (length, height...) of...
用 此句型中常用的名词有：length（长度），width（宽度) ，height
（高度)，depth （深度)，size（大小），age（年龄）等。
例 This street is four times the length of that street. 这条街是那条街的
四倍长。
注意：上述三种句型可以相互转换，但要注意倍数及说法上的细微
变化。这三种句型中的倍数均可改为分数、百分数、half 等其他程
度的状语。如：
This river is 4 times as long as that one. 这条河是那条河的四倍长。
=This river is 4 times the length of that one.
=This river is 3 times longer than that one.
This box is half the weight of that one. 这个箱子是那个箱子的一半重。
EXERCISE
1.The population of China is ______ than that of America.
A. larger five times
B. five times larger
C. as five times
D. five times large
2.After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ______
bikes in 2010 as the year before.
A. as twice many
B. as many twiceC. twice as many
D. twice many as
3.The newly built dining hall, which is ______, will be open to the
students next Saturday.
A. as three times large as the old one
B. three times larger than the old one
C. three times of the old ones size
D. the size of the old ones three times
4.Usually, he spends ______ his classmates doing his homework.
A. as twice much time as
B. twice much as time as
C. twice as much time as
D. as much time as twice
5.Paper produced every year is ______ the world’s production of
vehicles.
A. the three times weight of
B. three times the weight of
C. as three times heavy of
D. three times as heavier as
答案
01-05 BCBCBThe+比较级，the+比较级
“The+形容词/副词比较级，the+形容词/副词比较级”表示
“越……，越……”，强调一个方面的程度随着另一方面的程度平
行增进或递减。
例 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 工作越努
力，进步就越大。
拓 在谚语或俗语中，该句型中常省去相同的成分。
The less said about it, the better (it will be). 少说为佳。
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be). 越快越好。
The more, the better. 多多益善。
EXERCISE
1.In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea
that the further we go, ______.
A. our holiday will be better
B. our holiday will be the better
C. the better our holiday will be
D. the better will our holiday be
2.It is believed that ______ you work, ______ result you’ll get.
A. the harder; the better
B. the more hard; the more better
C. the harder; a better
D. more harder; more better3.______ the temperature is, ______ water turns into steam.
A. The high; the fast
B. Higher; faster
C. The more higher; the faster
D. The higher; the faster
4.______ you study, ______ you’ll be at your lessons.
A. Harder; better
B. The harder; the better
C. The harder; and better
D. Harder; and better
5.______ we listen to the teacher, ______ we understand.
A. The more; the more
B. The more; less
C. The less; the more
D. More; more
答案
01-05 CADBA
表示“更喜欢，宁愿”的句型
1.prefer 句型：
1 prefer to do sth. 更愿意做某事，宁愿做某事
例 I prefer to stay at home. 我宁愿待在家里。2 prefer doing sth. 更愿意做某事
例 I prefer staying at home at weekends. 周末我更愿意待在家里。
3 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
例 Would you prefer me to stay? 你愿意我留下来吗？
4 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
例 I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿待在家里而不愿
出去。
5 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
例 I prefer watching football to playing it. 我喜欢看篮球比赛，而不喜
欢打篮球。
6 prefer sth. to sth. 与某物相比更喜欢某物
例 I prefer tea to coffee. 我要茶不要咖啡。
2.would rather 句型：
1 would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
例 She would rather die than turn against his motherland. 她宁可死也
不愿背叛祖国。
2 would rather have done sth. 宁愿过去做过某事
例 I would rather have taken his advice. 我宁愿过去接受了他的意见。
3 would rather sb. had done sth. 宁愿某人过去做过某事
例 I would rather I had passed the examination last week. 我真希望通
过了上星期的考试。
4 would rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事例 I would rather he went with me. 我宁愿他和我一起去。
EXERCISE
1.Rather than ______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ a
bicycle.
A. ride; ride
B. riding; ride
C. ride: to ride
D. to ride; riding
2.Grandma prefers tea ______ coffee.
A. about
B. to
C. on
D. of
3.I prefer to get things well prepared ______ rush into anything until the
last minute.
A. rather than
B. better than
C. more than
D. other than
4.I would rather you ______ me the truth; then what has happened would
not have happened.
A. to tellB. tell
C. told
D. had told
5.If I ______ you, I would rather ______ at home and watch TV than
______ to the party.
A. were; stay; go
B. am; stay; go
C. was; to stay; go
D. were; stays; goes
6.—Would you mind if I set out earlier tomorrow morning?
—Well, I’d rather you ______.
A. don’t
B. didn’t
C. won’t
D. wouldn’t
7.—Shall we go skating or stay at home?
—Which ______ do yourself?
A. do you rather to
B. would you rather
C. will you rather
D. should you rather
答案01-05 CBADA
06-07 BB
感叹句型
how 引导的感叹句
1 How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语！
例 How lovely the boy is! 这个男孩真可爱！
2 How+adj.+a/an+主语+谓语！
例 How clever a boy he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！
3 How+主语+谓语！
例 How time flies! 时间过得真快！
4 How+adj./adv.！（可看作省略形式的感叹句，省略了“主语+谓
语”部分，常用于日常口语中。）
例 How fast! 太快了！
How beautiful! 太漂亮了！
what 引导的感叹句
1 What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语！
例 What a clever boy he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！
What great progress you’ve made! 你取得的进步真大！
考 ______ a strange plant! I’ve never seen it before.（辽宁高考）
A. Which
B. WhatC. How
D. Whether
选 B。此处被感叹部分是名词短语 a strange plant，因此需使用 what
引导感叹句，故应选B。
2 What a/an+单数可数名词！
What+可数名词复数！
What+不可数名词！
（上述三种感叹句常用于日常表达中，可以看作省略形式的感叹句，
即省略了“主语+谓语”部分）
例 What a shame! 真可惜！
What a pity! 真遗憾！
What taste! 这是什么味啊！
EXERCISE
1.______ it will be to have an ice cream on a hot summer day!
A. What a great fun
B. What great fun
C. How great fun
D. How a great fun
2.—______ brave Zhang Hua is!
—Yes. He helped his neighbor, Mrs. Sun, out of the fire.
A. What a
B. HowC. How a
D. What
3.______ fine weather! Why not ______ hiking?
A. What; go
B. What a; go
C. How; go
D. How; going
4.______ what the six blind men said sounded!
A. How foolishly
B. How foolish
C. What foolishly
D. What foolish
5.Oh, John. ______ you gave us.
A. How a pleasant surprise
B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise
D. What pleasant surprise
6.______ from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is
B. What a long way it is
C. How long way is it
D. What long way it is7.______ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A. How interesting
B. How an interesting
C. What interesting
D. What an interesting
8.______ food you’ve cooked!
A. How a nice
B. What a nice
C. How nice
D. What nice
9.—Look, the little boy came, riding full speed down the highway in his
bike.
—______ it was!
A. What a dangerous scene
B. What dangerous a scene
C. How a dangerous scene
D. How dangerous the scene
答案
01-05 BBABC
06-09 BDDA
when引导的特殊句型及time构成的短语连接的特殊句型1.when 除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从
句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导的并列分
句，意思是“这时突然；就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。
常用于以下句型中：
1 主语+be doing... when... 正在做某事，这时……
例 I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for
help. 我正在河边行走，这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。
考 Jim ______ a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a
thrilling scene, the television went blank.（陕西高考）
A. watched
B. had watched
C. was watching
D. would be watching
选 C。句意：昨天晚上，吉姆在家中看午夜电影，正看到一幅惊悚
画面的时候，电视屏幕突然失去了画面。此处为固定句型：主语+be
doing... when... 意为：“正在做某事，这时……”，故本题应选 C，
表示这一动作在过去正在进行。
2 主语+be about to do sth./be on the point of (doing sth.)... when... 正要
去做某事，这时……
例 I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我正要离开，这时下雨
了。
3 主语+had done... when... 刚刚做完……这时……例 I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang announcing the
class was over. 我刚完成试卷，这时下课铃响了。
2.time构成的短语引导的特殊句型
1 the first time 第一次的……时候
例 I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 第一次我见到
她时，觉得她人很好，很诚实。
2 (the) next time 下次……的时候
例 The harvest will have been got in (the) next time you come. 你下次
来时，庄稼就已收好了。
3 the last time 上次……的时候
例 What was the name of the hotel he had stayed in the last time he was
in Cairo? 他上次来开罗时住的那家旅馆叫什么名字来着？
4 each time/every time 引导的特殊句型
例 Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.
每次夜间回来，你总是把你的靴子朝地上一扔。
5 It/this is/was the first(second, third, last...) time+从句（完成时态）
例 This is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这儿。
6 by the time+从句 到……时候为止
例 We’ll be ready by the time you get back. 你回来的时候，我们将准
备好了。
EXERCISE
1.—Do not you know our town at all?—No, this ______ the first time I ______ here.
A. was; has come
B. is; come
C. is; had come
D. is; have come
2.______ I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
A. Every time
B. The first time
C. for the first time
D. Next time
3.—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
—Yes, I gave it to her ______ I met her.
A. while
B. the moment
C. suddenly
D. once
4.I knew we would be good friends ______ I met him.
A. first time
B. for the first time
C. the first time
D. by the first time
5.______ they visited the Science Museum, they showed great interest ineverything they saw.
A. The first time
B. For the first time
C. At first
D. At the first time
6.The wife was cooking busily in the kitchen ______ the doorbell rang.
A. when
B. as
C. though
D. while
7.______ he was fifteen years old, he ______ advanced maths all by
himself.
A. Each time; had learned
B. By the time; learned
C. Each time; learned
D. By the time; had learned
答案
01-05 DABCA
06-07 AD
such... that...与so... that... 引导的结果状语从句 / so that 引导的目的
状语从句与结果状语从句1.such... that... 如此…… 以致……
用 该句型中 such 是限定词，它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也
可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带。如果其
后是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。
such... that... 的句型结构可分为以下两种：
1 such+a(n)+adj.+单数可数名词+that从句
例 She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her. 她是一
位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。
2 such(+adj.)+可数（不可数）名词+that从句
例 They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.
这些书非常有趣，我想再读一遍。
It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home. 天气太坏，以致我
不得不待在家里。
2.so... that... 如此……以致……
用 so 是副词，与形容词或副词连用，其结构是：so+adj./adv.+that
从句。
例 I am so sleepy that I can hardly keep my eyes open. 我太困了，眼睛
几乎睁不开了。
拓 当名词前面有 many, much, few, little 等表示数量多少的限定词时，
应该用 so，而不能用 such，即：so little+n.+that 从句；so few+n.
+that从句；so much+n.+that 从句；so many+n.+that 从句。如：There
is so much work to do that I have no time to chat with you now. 有太多的工作要做，以至于我现在没有时间和你聊天。
3....so that... ……以便，以致……
用 so that(=in order that)引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用，当
主从句主语一致时可转换为 so as to do/ in order to do。so that 引导结
果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用。
例 He turned up the TV a little so that he could hear the news
clearly.=He turned up the TV a little so as to hear the news clearly. 他把
电视的音量调大了一些，以便能清楚地听到新闻。（目的状语从
句）
He turned up the TV a little so that he heard the news clearly. 他把电视
的音量调大了一些后结果能清楚地听到新闻了。（结果状语从句）
EXERCISE
1.In the evening, usually I look at some documents I bring back from the
office ______ I can be ready for the next day’s work.
A. even if
B. until
C. that
D. so that
2.She is ______ hardworking a girl ______ she has made great progress
in all subjects this term.
A. such; that
B. so; thatC. such; as
D. so; as
3.It was ______ that we went camping in the mountain.
A. such nice weather
B. so nice a weather
C. such a nice weather
D. too nice weather
4.That coat doesn’t fit him, as he has ______ a huge body and the coat is
______ small.
A. such; such
B. so; so
C. such; so
D. so; such
5.I can never finish my composition in the exam. There’s ______ time
______.
A. such little; leaving
B. so a little; left
C. such a little; leave
D. so little; left
答案
01-05 DBACD
