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高考英语语法词汇专项突破:典型句型高考真题填空60题专项训练(答案解析版)
姓名:__________ 班级: _________ 限时:50分钟 分数:____________
根据语境填上适当的词或者用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空,使句意完整。
【考题1-2】 (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small
hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,
letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
答案与解析:to bite;or。考查固定句型。第一空考查句型: wh- + to do。分析句子结构可知,whether
______ (bite)和后面的to put作decide的宾语,其中_______ (bite)和to put是并列结构,故空处也应用
动词不定式。故填to bite。第二空考查句型:whether...or...。理解语境可知,_______ (bite)a small hole in
it first(先在它上面咬一个小洞)和to put the whole dumpling in your mouth(把整个包子放进嘴里)为选择关系。
whether… or…, 为固定搭配,意为“是…还是…;或者…或者…; 不管…还是…”。故填or。
whether...or...是固定搭配。句意:要吃一个小笼包,你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口,把热气释放出
来,冒着汤汁溢出来的风险,还是把整个包子塞进嘴里,让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。
【考题3】(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Henry (fix)his car when he heard the screams. He
looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
答案与解析:was fixing。考查固定句型。根据后面连词when,结合句意看出是句型:was/were
doing... when...,空处所在句包含的be doing...when...结构表示“正在做…突然…”;该句描述的是过去发
生的事情,且主语为第三人称单数,故be动词应用was。 故填was fixing。
【考题4】(改编自2022全国甲卷.改错】The disagreement was _______ sharp that neither he nor I
knew what to settle it.
答案与解析:so。考查结果状语从句句型。固定句型“so…that…”译为“如此……以至于……”引导
结果状语从句。填so。句意:这分歧如此尖锐,以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。
【考题5】(2022年新高考2卷)He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ______ to thank
him. ”
答案与解析:how。考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词
+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。句意是:他救了我儿子
的命,”布朗太太说。“我不知道该怎么感谢他。”
【考题6】(2021全国甲卷)It is possible _______(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
答案与解析:to walk。考查形式主语句型和非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式。非谓
语动词to do做真正主语,it做形式主语。故填 to walk。
【考题7】(2021•新高考全国卷I) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,
the ________ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?答案与解析:hotter。考查固定句型。根据the colder看出是固定句型:结构“the +比较级,the+比较
级”,意为“越……,越……”。考查形容词比较级固定句型。故填hotter。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊
讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和。
【考题8】(2021新高考II卷)I told him how (harm) plastic could be to the environment and
asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
答案与解析:harmful。考查特殊句型之感叹句。根据句子的结构看出是由感叹句转化而来的宾语从
句,根据副词how看出是用形容词harmful。句意是:我告诉他塑料对环境有多有害,并请他考虑使用更
环保的选择。
【考题9】(改编自2020年天津卷第一次)—You seem to be in a really good mood.
— I finished my last test today. ___________a relief! Now I’m free.
答案与解析:What。考查感叹句句型。根据“I finished my last test today.”可知,完成最后一场考试后
终于松了一口气,感叹句符合语境。根据名词a relief看出修饰名词用形容词感叹词what。What a relief意
思是:总算松了一口气。故填What。句意:——你看起来心情很好。——我今天完成了最后一次考试。我
总算松了一口气!现在我自由了。
【考题10】(改编自2019·天津·高考真题)The professor warned the students that ________no account
should they use mobile phones in his class.
答案与解析:on。考查部分倒装和介词。on no account意为“决不”,否定词放在句首,句子使用部
分倒装,根据should they use倒装结构确定用介词on。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不
应该使用手机。
【考题11】(改编自2018·天津·高考真题)What was it ______ brought you two together? Was it your
love of music?
答案与解析:that。考查强调句式。分析句子可知,本句为强调句式It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是
主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。特殊疑问句的强调句型:疑问代
词或疑问副词+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分。故填that。句意:是什么让你们走到一起的?是因为你
对音乐的热爱吗?
【考题12】(改编自2018·天津·高考真题)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house
_______we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
答案与解析:that。考查强调句。强调句型结构为:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)
+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of
our house。故填that。句意:只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。
【考题13】(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trainedagent will get you the help you need.
答案与解析:press。考查祈使句。and是连词,连接并列结构,and后面是一个句子,那么,前面也应
是句子,选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句,其余的都是非谓语动词,无法构成句子。故填press。句意
是:在任何不安全的情况下,仅仅摁一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。
【考题14】(改编自2017江苏卷) _______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not
overcome her difficulty.
答案与解析:Were。考查考查虚拟语气和倒装句型。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省
略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故填Were。句意:要不
是老师们的支持,该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
【考题15】(2017年天津卷)—Albert’s birthday is on next Saturday, and I’m planning a surprise party for
him.
—___________(sound) like fun. I’ll bring some wine.
答案与解析:Sounds。考查省略句和交际用语。该句省掉了主语it,所以谓语动词用三单形式。故填
Sounds。句意:——艾尔伯特的生日在下个星期天,我计划给他办一个惊喜派对。——听起来很有趣,我
将带些酒来。故选A。
【考题16】(改编自2017·天津·高考真题)I ________(drive)down to London when I suddenly found
that I was on the wrong road.
答案与解析:was driving。考查固定句型和过去进行时。be doing sth ...when 结构表示“正在做某
事,这时…”。为固定句型。根据时态一致原则,可知这里用过去进行时,故填was driving。句意:我正
开着车去伦敦的路上,这时我发现走错路了。
【考题17】(改编自2016年江苏卷)______ until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-
related activities in the rural areas.
答案与解析:Not。考查部分倒装与副词。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首时,主句要使用部分
倒装。根据句子did they encourage部分倒装结构确定用Not。句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展
与旅游业有关的活动。
【考题18】(改编自2016·天津·高考真题)You are waiting at a wrong place. __________ is at the
hotelthe coach picks up tourists.
答案与解析:It。考查强调句。使用强调句,结构是:It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分,如果强调部
分是人,也可以用who,这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故填It。句意:你在一个错误的地方等待。
大客车是在旅店接送游客的。【考题19】(2016·新课标Ⅱ)It could be anything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—but whatever it
is,________ (make)sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
答案与解析:make。考查特殊句型之祈使句。句中动词短语置于句首,构成祈使句,故用动词原形。
句意:它可以是园艺、烹饪、音乐、运动等任何事情,但是,无论它是什么,务必保证它是让你释放压力
而不是让你担忧的事。
【考题20】(改编自2015湖南卷)Always ________(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this
company running smoothly.
答案与解析:keep。这是一个完整的句子,而that引导的是宾语从句,因此主句只能是祈使句。句
意:永远记住,你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。
【考题21】(2015年福建卷)If you say, "Look, you never do your share of the housework. _______ are
you going to do about it?", the discussion will very soon turn into an argument.
答案与解析:What。考查特殊疑问句。根据句意可知,句子“are you going to do about it?”为特殊疑问
句,应用特殊疑问词“what”,意为“什么”,句首单首字母大写。故填What。句意:如果你说“看,你
从来没有做过你那份家务。你打算怎么做?”,讨论很快就会变成争论。
【考题22】(改编自2015年湖南卷)It was when we were returning home that I realized _______ a
good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
答案与解析:what。考查感叹句。 根据分析此句是是一个强调句,及物动词realize后跟宾语从句,根据
名词a good feeling和it was看出是what引起的感叹句作宾语从句。故填What。句意:正是在我回家的时
候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时感觉是多么令人愉悦。故选B
【考题23】(改编自2015·天津卷)_________when Lily walked into the officethat did she realize she had
left the contract at home.
答案与解析:Only。考查倒装。本题考查only放在句首的部分倒装,在句首的only如果后面跟了副
词、介词短语或从句等状语,则主句用倒装结构。但如果only后跟的是主语,就不用倒装结构了。根据句
中 did she realize倒装结构和when引导的时间状语从句,可以判定是only置于句首强调状语。故填Only。
句意:只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候,她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。
【考题24】(改编自2015北京卷)If ___________ (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
答案与解析:accepted。本句if条件状语从句中省略了主语you,与accept构成被动关系,用过去分词
accepted。
【考题25】(改编自2015湖南卷)________ after talking to two students did I discover that having strong
motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.答案与解析:Only。根据部分倒装did I discover和作状语的after短语确定是only置于句首,强调状
语。
【考题26】(改编自2015重庆卷)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century _______
his musical gift was fully recognized.
答案与解析:that。把it was和横线部分去掉句子可以还原成:His musical gift was not fully recognized
until the early 19th century.因此是强调句型。
【考题27】(改编自2015四川卷 短文改错)We’ve been spending a lot of time ________ (sing) in karaoke
bars.
答案与解析:singing。本句属于句型sb. spend time (in) doing sth. 。
【考题28】(改编自2014重庆卷·10) -- I spent two weeks in London last summer.
-- Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ____ you?
答案与解析:didn't。根据上句的spent看出 must have visited是对过去发生的事实进行肯定的推测,所
以附加问句用过去式,且用否定形式,即用didn't。
【考题29】(改编自2014年新课标Ⅱ卷.改错】My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m.
_______ are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.
答案与解析:There。考查固定句型there be句型。根据句意应该是表示“有”,应该是 there be口
型,They are three lessons in the morning. 故填There。
【考题30】(改编自2014年大纲卷(广西卷)) Not _________ do the nurses want a pay increase,
they want reduced hours as well.
答案与解析:only。考查倒装句。not only引导的句子置于句首时,需部分倒装。此处后面的 but also
被省略,结合not和前面的部分倒装结构看出是not only...but also并列连两个句子,前一分句要求用部分倒
装结构。故填only。句意:护士们不仅要求涨工资而且要求减少劳动时间。
【考题31】(改编自2014年天津卷】 Had he caught________ (catch) the morning train, he would not
have been late for the meeting.
答案与解析:caught。考查虚拟语气和倒装句。主句的谓语动词是would not have been说明与过去事实
相反,从句则可以用if he had caught the morning train, 当if从句中有were、had或者should 时,在可以省
略if,把were、had或者should放在句首构成倒装句形式。本句中含有had,所以不用if时,就变成了
Had he caught the morning train。句意:如果他赶上了早班火车,开会就不会迟到了。
【考题32】(2014年陕西卷)We would rather our daughter ________ (stgay) at home with us, but it is
her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
答案与解析:考查特殊句式。would rather后直接跟宾语从句中,从句不用that连接。①如果表示现在或将来要做的事情,从句的谓语动词用一般过去式。②如果谈论过去动作,从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。
根据语境,这是与现在事实相反的愿望,用一般过去时。故填stayed。
【考题33】(改编自2014年福建卷)Were no modern telecommunications, we would have to
wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
答案与解析:there。考查there be句型与倒装句及其虚拟语气。对现在情况的虚拟,条件句中用一般
过去时,主句用“ would/ should/ might/ could +动词原形。虚拟条件句中有had, should, were时,可以将if
去掉,然后把had, should, were提到主语前面。根据句意看出是表示“有”的there be句型。故填there。句
意:如果没有现代的通信,我们将会等上几周的时间才能得到来自世界的新闻。
【考题34】(2014年福建卷)It was the culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to
adapt to the new environment abroad.
答案与解析:that。考查强调句型与非限制性定语从句辨析。这个句子中含有 it was,首先要考虑所给
题目是不是一个强调句。把 it was 和横线去掉,发现句竟仍然完整清楚,所以说这里就是一个强调句。强
调句的基本结构是 itis /was + 被强调部 + that+ 句子的其他成分,故填that。句意: 是文化,而不是语
言,使得他很难适应国外的新的环境。
【考题35】(改编自2014天津卷·1) Give me a chance, ________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
答案与解析:and。前面是祈使句,后面是陈述句,而且前后句子是“条件→结果”,因此是并列
句,根据肯定意思确定用表示递进关系的and。相当于:If you give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful
surprise.
【考题36】(改编自2013湖北卷)Carbon dioxide, which makes a barrier between us and the sun, prevents
heat ______ (get) getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
答案与解析:getting。根据动词prevents和句意看出是preven sb. (from) doing sth.结构,此处from省
掉,但是依然用动名词作宾语。
【考题37】(改编自2013陕西卷)Let those in need (understand) that we will go all out to help them.
答案与解析:understand。根据let看出是let sb. do sth.结构,其中need的干扰性强,考生可能会误以
为是need to do或need doing结构。使役动词let跟不定式作宾补要省掉to。
【考题38】(改编自2013年辽宁卷)_________ no time the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
答案与解析:At。考查部分倒装句式。当否定词或否定短语置于句首,句子要部分倒装。此处放在句
首的是否定短语at no time(在任何时候都不,决不), 句子要部分倒装,即将助动词放在主语之前。故填
At。句意为:他们实际上根本没有违反游戏规则,惩罚他们是不公平的。
【考题39】(改编自2013年上海卷)Among the crises that face humans (be) the lack of naturalresources.
答案与解析:is。句中主语是the lack of natural resources,所以be动词用单数,再根据前面face看出
是一般现在时,故用is。
【考题40】(改编自2013辽宁卷·26) ________ no time did they actually break the rules of the game. It was
unfair to punish them.
答案与解析:At。根据倒装结构did they actually break看出句首应该是否定意义的介词短语,at no
time意思是“决不”。
【考题41】(改编自2013·天津·高考真题)It was not ________ near the end of the letter that she
mentioned her own plan.
答案与解析:until。考查强调句型。 分析句子可推断出此处考查not until的强调句,形式是“it is/was
not until..that…”, 故填until。句意:快到信的末尾时她才提到自己的计划。
【考题42】(改编自2012浙江卷·19)_____ (have) they known what was coming next, they might have
had second thoughts.
答案与解析:Had。根据might have had提示可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,由从句没有if看出是
倒装句,可还原为:If they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought.。
【考题43】(改编自2012·天津·高考真题)Only after Mary read her composition the second
time________(do) she notice the spelling mistake.
答案与解析:did。考查倒装句。only放句首强调引导状语从句,主句部分要用到部分倒装。根据语境
理解,此句子应该用到过去时态,将助动词did倒装放前面。故填did。句意是:当玛丽第二次读她的作文
时,她才注意到拼写错误。
【考题44】(改编自2012江苏卷·25)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, is ____?
答案与解析:there。there be 句中含有否定意义的词little,所以反意疑问句用肯定形式,其附加问句的
主语部分用there。
【考题45】(改编自2012年重庆卷) Before you quit your job, ________(considerate) how your family
would feel about your decision.
答案与解析:consider。考查祈使句的用法。分析句子结构可知,before you quit your job是时间状语从
句,那么后面的_____how your family would feel about your decision一定是句子的主句。动词原形可以和
how引导的从句构成祈使句。故填consider。句意为:在你辞职之前,想想你的家人对你的决定会有什么
感受。
【考题46】(改编自2012年江苏卷) There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, is________?答案与解析:there。考查反意疑问句。根据前面there be句中含有否定意义的词little可知,后面的反
意疑问部分要用肯定形式,其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致,故填there。句意为:毫无疑问,在你心
中他是无辜的,是吗?
【考题47】(改编自2011年重庆卷) I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, didn't
________(me)?
答案与解析:I。考查反意疑问句。本题陈述部分为肯定,根据口诀“前后肯否恰相反”可知,附加部
分应为否定形式,反意疑问句的基本原则就是与主句的主谓保持一致。本句的主句是“I told them…”, 后
面的反意疑问部分要与主句的主谓保持一致。故填主格代词I。句意为:“我告诉他们,并非每个人都可
以跑得和你一样快,不是吗?”
【考题48】(改编自2007上海卷) The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.
_____ a dangerous scene it was!
答案与解析:What。根据感叹号看出是感叹句,再根据a dangerous scene看出名词是中心词,用形容
词what修饰。
【考题49】(改编自2011年重庆卷)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course,I have. It was in our village ________ it was made.
答案与解析:that。考点为强调句。首先,将空格所在句子中句首的It was去掉,剩余部分仍是一个完整的
句子且句意成立,故为强调句,被强调的部分是地点状语in ourvillage。整个题干句意为:“——你看过
《山楂树之恋》这部电影吗?——当然看过,这部电影就是在我们村拍摄的。”
【考题50】(改编自2011年辽宁卷) ________ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before.
答案与解析:What考查感叹句。英语感叹句的结构有三种:①What(+a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!
②How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!③How+句子!根据题干和选项可以判断空格所在的句子是一个感叹句,是
“What+a/an+adj.+n.(+it is/was)”的省略结构,故填What。句意为:多么奇怪的一种植物啊!我以前从来没见
过它。
【考题51】(改编自2010年陕西卷)John opened the door.There_________(stand)a girl he had never
seen before.
答案与解析:stood。考查全部倒装句式。当here、there、thus、then等副词位于句首且句子的主语是
名词时,句子用全部倒装,谓语动词要置于主语之前。句意为:约翰打开门,一个他从未见过的姑娘站在
那里。
【考题52】(改编自2010年全国卷I) Though________(surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm
welcome.答案与解析:surprised。考查省略结构和非谓语动词的综合运用。根据题干句意可知,逗号后的部分
是句子主干且结构完整,连词though在此引导状语从句,但从句中省略了主谓结构,补充完整应为:
Though the professor was surprised to see us.不难发现,补充完整后的从句和主句主语一致,因此从句中的主
语和系动词在此完全可以省略,故填surprised。句意是:虽然看到我们很惊讶,教授还是热情地欢迎我
们。
【考题53】(改编自2010年陕西卷)---- What's the noise?It sounds as if it comes from upstairs.
---- I don't think ________. It must be the window-cleaner working next door.
答案与解析:so。考查宾语从句的省略。根据题意可知,空格处的答语省略了宾语从句,补充完整应
为:I don't think the noise comes fromupstairs.其中的the noise comes from upstairs是宾语從句,可以用so来
代替,故填so。句意为:——这是什么声音?听起来好像是从楼上传来的。——我不这么认为。那一定是
清洁工在隔壁擦玻璃的声音。
【考题54】(改编自2010年四川卷) If you have a job, do________ (devotion) yourself to it and finally
you'll succeed.
答案与解析:devote。考查祈使句的用法。根据固定句型结构“祈使句+and/or+sb.willdo”可知,空格
处应使用动词原形,根据上下文可知,此处是在加强语气,故在动词原形前加助动词do。故填devote。句
意为:如果你有一份工作,一定要全身心投入这份工作,最终你会成功。
【考题55】(改编自2010·天津·高考真题)Stand over there_______you’ll be able to see it better.
答案与解析:and。考查固定句型。本句为“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的用法。根据句意,填and。句
意:站到那边,你会看得更清楚。
【考题56】(改编自2009·全国卷I)The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was
teachers'energy saved, _______but students became more interested in the lessons.
答案与解析:but。考查并列句与倒装结构。考查“not only…but also…”放在句首作状语,句子则进行
部分倒装。前一部分倒装,后一部分不倒装。句意为:计算机应用于教学。结果,不仅教师节省能量,而
且学生对课程更感兴趣。
【考题57】(改编自2009·山东卷) _______suddenwas the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.
答案与解析:So。本题考查倒装。so ...that…,such .that…的句子结构中,若so, such和与其所修饰的
词置于句首,实行部分倒装,又sudden是形容词,作表语,所以填So 。
【考题58】(改编自2009·江西卷)It was not_________he came bank from Africa that year that he met the
girl he would like to marry.
答案与解析:until。考查状语从句与强调句型。此句是“not until…”的强调句型。句意:他直到那年从非洲回来之后才遇到了他想与之结婚的女孩。
【考题59】(改编自2009·湖南卷)Every evening after dinner, if not_________(tire)from work,I will
spensome time walking my dog.
答案与解析:tired。考查省略句式。在if引导的条件状语从句中,从句中还原应为if am not tired
fromwork,根据省略的原则,所以填过去分词tired。
【考题60】(改编自2008·辽宁卷)Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _______was
I.
答案与解析:neither/nor。根据前句的否定 wasn't happy,并列连词and的提示看出后面也是否定,表示
“......也不”。因此用neither或nor。