ARTICLE · 1062356
初中英语语法每日一讲丨主谓一致基础规则
初中英语语法每日一讲丨主谓一致基础规则在中考英语试卷中,主谓一致属于贯穿全卷的基础考点,单选、语法填空、短文改错甚至书面表达里,都经常出现。 很多同学觉得这个知识点零散、规则多,做题全靠感觉,写作文时经常出现 “He do…” “The group are…” 这类低级错误,明明单词都认识,却白白丢分。
主谓一致,简单一句话概括:句子的主语和谓语动词,在人称和数上要保持一致。 主语是单数,谓语动词就要用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词就要用复数形式。看着简单,但里面藏着不少出题人喜欢设置的陷阱。 今天我们就梳理初中阶段要求掌握的全部基础规则,把常考的情况一次性讲清楚。
首先先记住一个核心原则:判断单复数,优先看真正的主语,不要被中间插入的短语干扰。 这是主谓一致最核心的做题思路,很多坑都是在这里设置的。
一、语法一致(最基础,必考)
语法一致,就是形式上保持一致,也是我们最先学的规则。
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、第三人称单数代词(he, she, it, this, that)作主语,谓语动词用单数。
例句:
My brother likes playing basketball.
我弟弟喜欢打篮球。
Water is very important for all living things.
水对所有生物都很重要。
2. 复数名词、复数代词(we, you, they, these, those)作主语,谓语动词用复数。
例句:
These students are good at English.
这些学生擅长英语。
They often go to the park on weekends.
他们经常周末去公园。
⚠️ 基础易错点:一般现在时里,动词单数形式要加 s / es,很多同学会忘记。注意:只有主语是三单的时候,谓语才加s,不是所有主语都加!
二、就近原则(中考高频)
就近原则,也叫邻近原则:谓语动词的单复数,由离它最近的那个主语决定,和远处的主语无关。
初中只要求记住四个引导词:either…or…;neither…nor…;not only…but also…;not…but…
公式举例:
Either you or he is wrong.
不是你错,就是他错。(靠近谓语的是 he,单数,所以用 is)
Neither the girls nor their teacher knows the secret.
女孩们和他们的老师都不知道这个秘密。(靠近谓语的是 teacher,单数,谓语用 knows)
Not only Tom but also his parents enjoy travelling.
不仅汤姆,他的父母也喜欢旅行。(靠近谓语的是 parents,复数,谓语用 enjoy)
很多同学在这里会想当然把两个主语加在一起当成复数,这是最常见的错误,一定要重点标记。
三、就远原则(最容易丢分)
就远原则和就近原则刚好相反:谓语的单复数,由最前面的真正主语决定,后面跟着的短语,只是附加说明,不算主语,直接忽略。
初中常考短语:together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but
例句:
The teacher together with his students is coming.
老师和他的学生们过来了。
真正主语是 the teacher(单数),together with his students 只是附加成分,所以谓语用 is,不是 are。
Nobody except my parents knows the plan.
除了我的父母,没有人知道这个计划。
主语是 nobody,单数,谓语用 knows。
做题小技巧:看到这些短语,可以先用括号把后面的内容括起来,再判断主谓,不容易被干扰。
例:Tom (as well as his two sisters) likes reading.
四、集合名词的两种情况(难点)
集合名词,比如 family, class, group, team, crowd。
这类词有两种理解方式,这个是完形和语法填空的热门考点:
1. 把这个集体当成一个整体 → 单数谓语
2. 强调集体里面的一个个成员 → 复数谓语
对比两句,一眼看懂区别:
My family is a small one.
我的家庭是一个小家庭。(整体,单数,用 is)
My family all like watching movies.
我的家人都喜欢看电影。(强调里面的家人成员,复数,用 like)
同类:class, team
The class has forty students. 这个班有四十个学生。(整体)
The class are listening carefully. 全班同学正在认真听讲。(成员)
⚠️ 补充:people 这个词比较特殊,本身就是复数含义,永远用复数谓语,没有 peoples 表示“人们”的用法。peoples 翻译为“民族”,这个含义初中偶尔会出现。
五、不定代词作主语,统一单数
初中常考不定代词:something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, nobody, each, either, neither。
记住一句话:不定代词作主语,谓语动词一律用单数。
例句:
Everyone is here. 所有人都到了。
Nothing is impossible. 一切皆有可能。
Neither of the answers is right. 两个答案都不对。
很多同学看到 everyone 翻译是“所有人”,误以为是复数,选择 are,这是非常经典的出题陷阱。
六、and 连接主语的两种情况
1. and 连接两个不同的人或物,是并列主语,一般是复数,谓语用复数。
Tom and Mike are good friends.
汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
2. 重点特殊情况:and 连接的两个名词,指同一个人、同一个事物(第二个名词前面没有冠词),谓语用单数。
The writer and teacher is my aunt.
这位作家兼老师是我的姑姑。(同一个人,两个身份,单数)
对比:The writer and the teacher are my aunt and uncle.
这位作家和这位老师是我的姑姑和叔叔。(两个人,复数)
七、量词修饰名词
a number of 和 the number of,几乎是每年中考单选高频辨析,放在主谓一致里考察。
- a number of + 复数名词:许多……,主语是后面的名词,谓语复数
A number of birds fly south in winter. 许多鸟儿冬天飞向南方。
- the number of + 复数名词:……的数量,主语是 number,谓语单数
The number of students in our school is over 1000.
我们学校的学生数量超过1000人。
八、形式是复数,含义是单数的名词
部分单词看起来末尾有s,像复数,但实际是单数名词,谓语动词用单数。初中重点记住两个:maths, physics。
例句:Physics is difficult for some students.
物理对一些学生来说很难。
九、实战做题三步走,考场直接套用
给大家总结一个简单的做题步骤,遇到主谓一致题目,按顺序判断:
第一步:找到谓语动词,往前找真正的主语,把插入的短语(together with 等)划掉;
第二步:判断主语是单数还是复数;
第三步:区分就近原则、就远原则的特殊句式,再确定动词形式。
十、常见避坑小结
1. 不要看中文意思判断单复数,以英语语法规则为准;
2. 看到 together with / as well as,不要下意识当成复数;
3. everyone, everything 翻译虽然是“所有人、所有事”,属于单数;
4. 集合名词 family / class 看语境,区分整体和成员;
5. either…or… 只看靠近谓语的主语。
配套练习题
一、单项选择(12题)
1. Everyone in our class ____ hard.
A. study B. studies C. studying D. studied
2. Neither you nor I ____ good at painting.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
3. The girl together with her parents ____ to the museum every month.
A. go B. goes C. going D. went
4. The number of trees in the park ____ increasing.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
5. A number of visitors ____ coming to the village.
A. is B. are C. be D. was
6. My family ____ watching TV when I got home.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. Physics ____ my favourite subject.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
8. Not only you but also your brother ____ late for school yesterday.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
9. The singer and dancer ____ at the party now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
10. Nothing ____ impossible if you put your heart into it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
11. Either apples or milk ____ good for your health.
A. is B. are C. be D. were
12. Nobody except the twins ____ the news.
A. know B. knows C. knowing D. knew
二、用所给动词适当形式填空(8题)
1. The class ________ (have) a meeting now.(强调成员)
2. The class ________ (be) small.(强调整体)
3. Tom as well as his friends ________ (like) playing football.
4. There ________ (be) a pen and two books on the desk.
5. Each of them ________ (have) a new dictionary.
6. The writer and poet ________ (come) from Guangdong.
7. A number of sheep ________ (eat) grass on the hill.
8. Neither of the two boys ________ (pass) the exam last time.
三、改错(划出错误,写出正确答案,4题)
1. The team are a strong team.
2. Not only Lily but also her sisters likes drawing.
3. The number of workers are 200.
4. Everyone in the room are happy.
参考答案
一、单选
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D
7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.B
二、动词填空
1. are having
2. is
3. likes
4. is
5. has
6. comes
7. are eating
8. passed
三、改错
1. are → is
2. likes → like
3. are → is
4. are → is
主谓一致,简单一句话概括:句子的主语和谓语动词,在人称和数上要保持一致。
首先先记住一个核心原则:判断单复数,优先看真正的主语,不要被中间插入的短语干扰。 这是主谓一致最核心的做题思路,很多坑都是在这里设置的。
一、语法一致(最基础,必考)
语法一致,就是形式上保持一致,也是我们最先学的规则。
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、第三人称单数代词(he, she, it, this, that)作主语,谓语动词用单数。
My brother likes playing basketball.
我弟弟喜欢打篮球。
Water is very important for all living things.
水对所有生物都很重要。
These students are good at English.
这些学生擅长英语。
They often go to the park on weekends.
他们经常周末去公园。
⚠️ 基础易错点:一般现在时里,动词单数形式要加 s / es,很多同学会忘记。注意:只有主语是三单的时候,谓语才加s,不是所有主语都加!
二、就近原则(中考高频)
就近原则,也叫邻近原则:谓语动词的单复数,由离它最近的那个主语决定,和远处的主语无关。
公式举例:
Either you or he is wrong.
不是你错,就是他错。(靠近谓语的是 he,单数,所以用 is)
女孩们和他们的老师都不知道这个秘密。(靠近谓语的是 teacher,单数,谓语用 knows)
不仅汤姆,他的父母也喜欢旅行。(靠近谓语的是 parents,复数,谓语用 enjoy)
很多同学在这里会想当然把两个主语加在一起当成复数,这是最常见的错误,一定要重点标记。
三、就远原则(最容易丢分)
就远原则和就近原则刚好相反:谓语的单复数,由最前面的真正主语决定,后面跟着的短语,只是附加说明,不算主语,直接忽略。
例句:
The teacher together with his students is coming.
老师和他的学生们过来了。
除了我的父母,没有人知道这个计划。
主语是 nobody,单数,谓语用 knows。
做题小技巧:看到这些短语,可以先用括号把后面的内容括起来,再判断主谓,不容易被干扰。
四、集合名词的两种情况(难点)
集合名词,比如 family, class, group, team, crowd。
这类词有两种理解方式,这个是完形和语法填空的热门考点:
1. 把这个集体当成一个整体 → 单数谓语
2. 强调集体里面的一个个成员 → 复数谓语
对比两句,一眼看懂区别:
My family is a small one.
我的家庭是一个小家庭。(整体,单数,用 is)
我的家人都喜欢看电影。(强调里面的家人成员,复数,用 like)
同类:class, team
The class has forty students. 这个班有四十个学生。(整体)
⚠️ 补充:people 这个词比较特殊,本身就是复数含义,永远用复数谓语,没有 peoples 表示“人们”的用法。peoples 翻译为“民族”,这个含义初中偶尔会出现。
五、不定代词作主语,统一单数
初中常考不定代词:something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, nobody, each, either, neither。
记住一句话:不定代词作主语,谓语动词一律用单数。
例句:
Everyone is here. 所有人都到了。
Nothing is impossible. 一切皆有可能。
Neither of the answers is right. 两个答案都不对。
很多同学看到 everyone 翻译是“所有人”,误以为是复数,选择 are,这是非常经典的出题陷阱。
六、and 连接主语的两种情况
1. and 连接两个不同的人或物,是并列主语,一般是复数,谓语用复数。
汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
这位作家兼老师是我的姑姑。(同一个人,两个身份,单数)
这位作家和这位老师是我的姑姑和叔叔。(两个人,复数)
七、量词修饰名词
a number of 和 the number of,几乎是每年中考单选高频辨析,放在主谓一致里考察。
- a number of + 复数名词:许多……,主语是后面的名词,谓语复数
A number of birds fly south in winter. 许多鸟儿冬天飞向南方。
The number of students in our school is over 1000.
我们学校的学生数量超过1000人。
八、形式是复数,含义是单数的名词
部分单词看起来末尾有s,像复数,但实际是单数名词,谓语动词用单数。初中重点记住两个:maths, physics。
物理对一些学生来说很难。
九、实战做题三步走,考场直接套用
给大家总结一个简单的做题步骤,遇到主谓一致题目,按顺序判断:
十、常见避坑小结
1. 不要看中文意思判断单复数,以英语语法规则为准;
配套练习题
一、单项选择(12题)
1. Everyone in our class ____ hard.
A. study B. studies C. studying D. studied
A. am B. is C. are D. be
A. go B. goes C. going D. went
A. is B. are C. was D. were
A. is B. are C. be D. was
A. is B. are C. was D. were
A. is B. are C. was D. were
A. was B. were C. is D. are
A. is B. are C. was D. were
A. is B. are C. was D. were
A. is B. are C. be D. were
A. know B. knows C. knowing D. knew
二、用所给动词适当形式填空(8题)
1. The class ________ (have) a meeting now.(强调成员)
三、改错(划出错误,写出正确答案,4题)
1. The team are a strong team.
参考答案
一、单选
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D
7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.B
二、动词填空
1. are having
2. is
3. likes
4. is
5. has
6. comes
7. are eating
8. passed
三、改错
1. are → is
2. likes → like
3. are → is
4. are → is