ARTICLE · 1203812
天津高中英语|限制性&非限制性定语从句
天津高中英语|限制性&非限制性定语从句前言
定语从句是天津高中语法核心重难点，单选、阅读长难句、写作高频考点。很多同学能分清基础关系词，但遇到长句、嵌套复合句、介词前置、as/which整句指代就容易失分。
一、核心概念｜一句话区分（必考）
1. 限制性定语从句（无逗号）
✅紧密修饰、不可删除。删掉从句，主句语义不完整，无法确定描述对象。无逗号，可以使用that。
2. 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开）
✅补充附加信息，并非必不可少。删掉从句，主句意思依然完整。有逗号，绝对不能用that❗
考试核心
1. 逗号后面，禁用that；
2. 非限制性定语从句，which可以指代前面整件事情；
3. 非限制性从句的关系词不能省略。
二、四大必考区别（高频丢分点）
1. 标点：限制性无逗号；非限制性必有逗号
2. that使用：限制性可用that；非限制性完全不能用that
3. 语义：限制性用来分类限定；非限制性只是补充说明
4. 指代：限制性仅修饰前面名词；非限制性可指代整件事
例句对比
• I have a cousin who works in the municipal library.
（限制性：我有一位在市图书馆工作的堂兄。暗含：我不止一个堂兄，限定是这一位。）
• I have a cousin, who works in the municipal library.
（非限制性：我有一个堂兄，顺带介绍，他在市图书馆工作。暗含：我只有这一位堂兄。）
三、高频关系词精简总结
• 指人：who（主）、whom（宾）、whose（所属，……的）
• 指物：which / that（限制性）；非限制性只用which
• whose：人/物通用，表所属，不受逗号限制
• as / which：可指代前面整句话（高二期末、高考压轴考点）
四、五大考试陷阱
✅陷阱1：看到逗号，仍然误选that（直接错误）
✅陷阱2：长难句嵌套，找不到先行词
✅陷阱3：介词提前结构，介词+which/whom，不能用that
✅陷阱4：混淆as和which指代整句的差别
✅陷阱5：分不清先行词是名词还是前面整件事
五、专项单选题
限制性定语从句
1. The documentary ______ we watched last week recorded the efforts of volunteers who help elderly people living alone.
A. what B. that C. where D. who
【翻译】我们上周观看的这部纪录片记录了帮助独居老人的志愿者们所付出的努力。
【解析】先行词the documentary（物），无逗号，从句缺少宾语，可用that/which。what不能引导定语从句；where作地点状语；who指代人。选B。
2. This is the most inspiring speech ______ I have ever heard during the school lecture series.
A. which B. what C. that D. when
【翻译】这是我在校系列讲座期间听过的最鼓舞人心的一场演讲。
【解析】先行词被最高级the most inspiring修饰，限制性定语从句只能用that，不能用which；what不引导定语从句；when作时间状语。选C。
3. The researcher ______ we interviewed at the meeting has devoted most of his lifetime to environmental protection.
A. who B. which C. what D. where
【翻译】我们在会议上采访的这位研究员，将他一生大部分时间都投身于环保事业。
【解析】先行词the researcher指人，从句缺少宾语，可用who/whom。which指代物；what不能引导定语从句；where作地点状语。选A。
4. The small village ______ my grandparents settled down 30 years ago has become a popular tourist attraction.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
【翻译】我祖父母30年前定居的那个小村庄，如今已经成为热门旅游景点。
【解析】先行词village是地点名词，从句主谓结构完整，不缺主宾，缺少地点状语，用where。that/which在从句中作主或宾；what不能引导定语从句。选C。
5. Everything ______ you have learned in class will lay a solid foundation for your further study.
A. which B. what C. that D. when
【翻译】你在课堂上学到的所有知识，都会为你后续的学习打下坚实的基础。
【解析】先行词是不定代词Everything，限制性定语从句只能用that引导，不能用which。what不引导定语从句；when作时间状语。选C。
非限制性定语从句
1. The team won the regional competition after months of hard training, ______ surprised every teacher in our grade.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
【翻译】经过数月刻苦训练，这支队伍赢得了地区赛，这件事让我们年级所有老师都感到惊喜。
【解析】逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整件事（队伍夺冠这件事）。逗号后禁止使用that；what不能引导定语从句；who只能指代人。选C。
2. Professor Wang, ______ researches focus on youth mental health, will deliver a lecture in our school hall next Friday.
A. that B. whose C. which D. what
【翻译】王教授的研究方向聚焦青少年心理健康，他将于下周五在学校礼堂开展讲座。
【解析】先行词Professor Wang，whose表所属含义“……的”，whose researches = Professor Wang’s researches。非限制性从句不能用that；which指代事物；what不能引导定语从句。选B。
3. The temperature dropped sharply overnight, ______ we hadn’t expected when we planned the outdoor camping activity.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
【翻译】一夜之间气温骤降，这是我们当初规划户外露营活动时没有预料到的。
【解析】非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话“气温骤降”这件事。有逗号，不能用that；what不可引导定语从句；when作时间状语。选B。
4. This ancient castle, ______ local people have preserved for centuries, attracts thousands of visitors every year.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
【翻译】这座古堡，当地人已经保护了数百年，每年都吸引成千上万的游客前来参观。
【翻译】先行词castle指物，逗号分隔是非限制性定语从句，只能用which，不能选that。what不能引导定语从句；where在从句作地点状语。选C。
5. She was admitted into her dream university, ______ means all her years of hard work finally paid off.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
【翻译】她被理想大学录取，这意味着她多年的刻苦努力终于有了回报。
【解析】非限制性定语从句，which指代前面“考上理想大学”整件事情。逗号后不能用that；what不能引导定语从句；it无法引导从句。选B。
混合辨析压轴题
1. I still remember the summer vacation ______ we volunteered in the mountainous area together with many other students.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
【翻译】我依然记得那个暑假，我们和许多同学一起在山区做志愿活动。
【解析】先行词the summer vacation表时间，从句主谓完整，不缺主宾，缺少时间状语，用when。that/which在从句做主宾；where作地点状语。选A。
2. He has three daughters, ______ have received higher education in famous universities.
A. all of them B. all of whom C. all of they D. all of which
【翻译】他有三个女儿，她们全都在知名大学接受过高等教育。
【解析】非限制性定语从句，先行词three daughters是人，all of whom 她们所有人。them不能引导定语从句；they是主格不能放在介词后；which指代事物。选B。
3. ______ is widely acknowledged, reading can broaden our horizons and shape our personality.
A. Which B. That C. As D. What
【翻译】众所周知，阅读能够拓宽视野、塑造人格。
【解析】固定非限制性句型As is widely acknowledged 众所周知。as引导定语从句可以置于句首，which引导这类从句不能放句首；that、what不能引导该结构。选C。
4. The reason ______ he turned down the invitation was that he had to prepare for the coming monthly examination.
A. why B. that C. which D. what
【翻译】他拒绝这次邀请的原因是，他必须准备即将到来的月考。
【解析】the reason why… 固定定语从句结构，why在从句中作原因状语，解释reason的内容。选A。
5. The young engineer ______ project won the national prize will give us a presentation this afternoon.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
【翻译】那位项目获得国家级奖项的年轻工程师，今天下午会给我们做一场报告。
【解析】whose表所属关系，the young engineer’s project，意为“这位工程师的项目”。who作主语；whom作宾语；which指代事物。选C。
八、写作提分｜带定语从句
1. We took part in a community volunteer activity, which helped us gain precious experience of communicating with different people.
我们参加了社区志愿活动，这件事让我们收获了和不同人群沟通的宝贵经验。
2. The book that introduces traditional Chinese culture has greatly aroused our interest in history.
这本介绍中国传统文化的书籍极大激发了我们对历史的兴趣。
3. My deskmate, who always keeps optimistic in face of difficulties, sets a good example for me.
我的同桌面对困难始终保持乐观，为我树立了很好的榜样。 定语从句贯穿高一同步、高二期末，更是高考阅读、写作的核心语法！
定语从句是天津高中语法核心重难点，单选、阅读长难句、写作高频考点。很多同学能分清基础关系词，但遇到长句、嵌套复合句、介词前置、as/which整句指代就容易失分。
一、核心概念｜一句话区分（必考）
1. 限制性定语从句（无逗号）
✅紧密修饰、不可删除。删掉从句，主句语义不完整，无法确定描述对象。无逗号，可以使用that。
2. 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开）
✅补充附加信息，并非必不可少。删掉从句，主句意思依然完整。有逗号，绝对不能用that❗
考试核心
1. 逗号后面，禁用that；
2. 非限制性定语从句，which可以指代前面整件事情；
3. 非限制性从句的关系词不能省略。
二、四大必考区别（高频丢分点）
1. 标点：限制性无逗号；非限制性必有逗号
2. that使用：限制性可用that；非限制性完全不能用that
3. 语义：限制性用来分类限定；非限制性只是补充说明
4. 指代：限制性仅修饰前面名词；非限制性可指代整件事
例句对比
• I have a cousin who works in the municipal library.
（限制性：我有一位在市图书馆工作的堂兄。暗含：我不止一个堂兄，限定是这一位。）
• I have a cousin, who works in the municipal library.
（非限制性：我有一个堂兄，顺带介绍，他在市图书馆工作。暗含：我只有这一位堂兄。）
三、高频关系词精简总结
• 指人：who（主）、whom（宾）、whose（所属，……的）
• 指物：which / that（限制性）；非限制性只用which
• whose：人/物通用，表所属，不受逗号限制
• as / which：可指代前面整句话（高二期末、高考压轴考点）
四、五大考试陷阱
✅陷阱1：看到逗号，仍然误选that（直接错误）
✅陷阱2：长难句嵌套，找不到先行词
✅陷阱3：介词提前结构，介词+which/whom，不能用that
✅陷阱4：混淆as和which指代整句的差别
✅陷阱5：分不清先行词是名词还是前面整件事
五、专项单选题
限制性定语从句
1. The documentary ______ we watched last week recorded the efforts of volunteers who help elderly people living alone.
A. what B. that C. where D. who
【翻译】我们上周观看的这部纪录片记录了帮助独居老人的志愿者们所付出的努力。
【解析】先行词the documentary（物），无逗号，从句缺少宾语，可用that/which。what不能引导定语从句；where作地点状语；who指代人。选B。
2. This is the most inspiring speech ______ I have ever heard during the school lecture series.
A. which B. what C. that D. when
【翻译】这是我在校系列讲座期间听过的最鼓舞人心的一场演讲。
【解析】先行词被最高级the most inspiring修饰，限制性定语从句只能用that，不能用which；what不引导定语从句；when作时间状语。选C。
3. The researcher ______ we interviewed at the meeting has devoted most of his lifetime to environmental protection.
A. who B. which C. what D. where
【翻译】我们在会议上采访的这位研究员，将他一生大部分时间都投身于环保事业。
【解析】先行词the researcher指人，从句缺少宾语，可用who/whom。which指代物；what不能引导定语从句；where作地点状语。选A。
4. The small village ______ my grandparents settled down 30 years ago has become a popular tourist attraction.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
【翻译】我祖父母30年前定居的那个小村庄，如今已经成为热门旅游景点。
【解析】先行词village是地点名词，从句主谓结构完整，不缺主宾，缺少地点状语，用where。that/which在从句中作主或宾；what不能引导定语从句。选C。
5. Everything ______ you have learned in class will lay a solid foundation for your further study.
A. which B. what C. that D. when
【翻译】你在课堂上学到的所有知识，都会为你后续的学习打下坚实的基础。
【解析】先行词是不定代词Everything，限制性定语从句只能用that引导，不能用which。what不引导定语从句；when作时间状语。选C。
非限制性定语从句
1. The team won the regional competition after months of hard training, ______ surprised every teacher in our grade.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
【翻译】经过数月刻苦训练，这支队伍赢得了地区赛，这件事让我们年级所有老师都感到惊喜。
【解析】逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整件事（队伍夺冠这件事）。逗号后禁止使用that；what不能引导定语从句；who只能指代人。选C。
2. Professor Wang, ______ researches focus on youth mental health, will deliver a lecture in our school hall next Friday.
A. that B. whose C. which D. what
【翻译】王教授的研究方向聚焦青少年心理健康，他将于下周五在学校礼堂开展讲座。
【解析】先行词Professor Wang，whose表所属含义“……的”，whose researches = Professor Wang’s researches。非限制性从句不能用that；which指代事物；what不能引导定语从句。选B。
3. The temperature dropped sharply overnight, ______ we hadn’t expected when we planned the outdoor camping activity.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
【翻译】一夜之间气温骤降，这是我们当初规划户外露营活动时没有预料到的。
【解析】非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话“气温骤降”这件事。有逗号，不能用that；what不可引导定语从句；when作时间状语。选B。
4. This ancient castle, ______ local people have preserved for centuries, attracts thousands of visitors every year.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
【翻译】这座古堡，当地人已经保护了数百年，每年都吸引成千上万的游客前来参观。
【翻译】先行词castle指物，逗号分隔是非限制性定语从句，只能用which，不能选that。what不能引导定语从句；where在从句作地点状语。选C。
5. She was admitted into her dream university, ______ means all her years of hard work finally paid off.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
【翻译】她被理想大学录取，这意味着她多年的刻苦努力终于有了回报。
【解析】非限制性定语从句，which指代前面“考上理想大学”整件事情。逗号后不能用that；what不能引导定语从句；it无法引导从句。选B。
混合辨析压轴题
1. I still remember the summer vacation ______ we volunteered in the mountainous area together with many other students.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
【翻译】我依然记得那个暑假，我们和许多同学一起在山区做志愿活动。
【解析】先行词the summer vacation表时间，从句主谓完整，不缺主宾，缺少时间状语，用when。that/which在从句做主宾；where作地点状语。选A。
2. He has three daughters, ______ have received higher education in famous universities.
A. all of them B. all of whom C. all of they D. all of which
【翻译】他有三个女儿，她们全都在知名大学接受过高等教育。
【解析】非限制性定语从句，先行词three daughters是人，all of whom 她们所有人。them不能引导定语从句；they是主格不能放在介词后；which指代事物。选B。
3. ______ is widely acknowledged, reading can broaden our horizons and shape our personality.
A. Which B. That C. As D. What
【翻译】众所周知，阅读能够拓宽视野、塑造人格。
【解析】固定非限制性句型As is widely acknowledged 众所周知。as引导定语从句可以置于句首，which引导这类从句不能放句首；that、what不能引导该结构。选C。
4. The reason ______ he turned down the invitation was that he had to prepare for the coming monthly examination.
A. why B. that C. which D. what
【翻译】他拒绝这次邀请的原因是，他必须准备即将到来的月考。
【解析】the reason why… 固定定语从句结构，why在从句中作原因状语，解释reason的内容。选A。
5. The young engineer ______ project won the national prize will give us a presentation this afternoon.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
【翻译】那位项目获得国家级奖项的年轻工程师，今天下午会给我们做一场报告。
【解析】whose表所属关系，the young engineer’s project，意为“这位工程师的项目”。who作主语；whom作宾语；which指代事物。选C。
八、写作提分｜带定语从句
1. We took part in a community volunteer activity, which helped us gain precious experience of communicating with different people.
我们参加了社区志愿活动，这件事让我们收获了和不同人群沟通的宝贵经验。
2. The book that introduces traditional Chinese culture has greatly aroused our interest in history.
这本介绍中国传统文化的书籍极大激发了我们对历史的兴趣。
3. My deskmate, who always keeps optimistic in face of difficulties, sets a good example for me.
我的同桌面对困难始终保持乐观，为我树立了很好的榜样。
