ARTICLE · 1228941
高中英语|主谓一致总选错?先找真正的主语

主谓一致的题看着不难,选项也短,可正确率总是不高。原因往往不在规则背得少,而在主语没找对:动词前面隔着一个介词短语、一句定语从句、或者一对逗号,眼睛就容易落到那个离动词更近的名词上。这份分五页讲清怎么先划掉干扰、语法一致与意义一致分别看什么、or 和 as well as 为什么方向相反、以及几个年年都遇到的高频场景,每条配例句,文末还备了 6 道自测题。建议收藏。 #高中英语 #主谓一致 #语法填空
一句话结论|先划掉中间成分,找到真正的主语再定谓语。
01先找出真正的主语⚡中间那些成分先划掉
主谓一致的题,七成的错不在规则,而在主语找错。动词前面常挡着介词短语、定语从句、两个逗号夹住的插入语,这些都不是主语,先划掉再看。
固定动作:先定位谓语动词,再往左找它的主语(The list of names is long.)
划掉介词短语:of、with 后面的名词不参与一致(The teacher with two students is here.)
划掉定语从句:从句里的名词不是主句的主语(The book which has many pages is mine.)
划掉插入语:两个逗号之间的部分先跳过(The boy, as well as his friends, was late.)
倒装句:主语跑到动词后面去了(There are three books on the desk.)
there be 句型:be 动词跟后面紧跟的名词走(There is a pen and two books.)

疑问句:还原成陈述句再判断(Where are your classmates?)
易错:部分同学盯着离动词最近的名词选(The number of students is rising.)
划重点|先划掉中间成分,主语往往是头一个名词。
【口诀先找主语再判断,中间成分都划掉。
02语法一致⚡单数配单数,复数配复数
语法一致看形式:单数主语配单数谓语,and 连接两个不同主体用复数,指同一人同一物时仍用单数。词尾带 s 的词不一定就是复数,news、physics 都是单数。
基本规则:单数主语用单数谓语,复数主语用复数谓语(He works here every day.)
并列主语:and 连接两个不同的人或物,用复数(Tom and Jim are friends.)
同一主体:and 连接指同一人同一物时用单数(The writer and teacher is coming.)

不定代词:everyone、each、either 作主语用单数(Everyone has a book.)
不可数名词:一律按单数处理(The news is good.)
复数形式单数义:news、physics、maths 用单数谓语(Physics is my favourite subject.)
不定式与动名词:作主语时视为单数(Reading widely helps a lot.)
易错:部分同学看到词尾的 s 就当复数(The news was surprising.)
划重点|先看主语是单是复,再定谓语形式。
【记法单数配单数,复数配复数,词尾有 s 不一定就是复数。
03意义一致⚡看整体,还是看成员

意义一致看含义:集合名词强调整体用单数,强调成员用复数;时间、距离、金额当整体看是单数;分数和百分数则取决于 of 后面那个名词。
集合名词:强调整体用单数,强调成员用复数(The team is winning. / The team are arguing.)
数量整体:时间、距离、金额当整体看用单数(Ten years is a long time.)
分数与百分数:取决于 of 后面那个名词(Two thirds of the water is gone.)
the 加形容词:指一类人时用复数(The rich are not always happy.)
从句作主语:整个从句视为单数(What he said is true.)
a number of:意思是许多,用复数(A number of students were late.)
the number of:意思是数量,用单数(The number of students is rising.)
易错:部分同学被主语的长度带偏(What they need most is time.)
划重点|整体当单数,成员当复数。
【小比喻集合名词像一支球队,说整体是一个,说成员是一群。
04就近与就远⚡认清标志词再定方向
就近与就远是两套方向相反的规则。or、either or、neither nor、there be 看靠近谓语的那个;as well as、with、together with、except 只看前面的主语。
就近原则:or、either or 看靠近谓语的那个(Either you or he is right.)
neither nor:谓语跟最近的主语一致(Neither the students nor the teacher was there.)
not only but also:同样按就近处理(Not only the teacher but also the students were excited.)
there be:看紧跟其后的名词(There is a book and two pens.)
就远原则:as well as、with 看前面的主语(The girl as well as her parents goes shopping.)

常见就远词:together with、besides、except、but(Nobody but two students was absent.)
判断方法:先认标志词,再决定看哪一边(遇 or 想就近,遇 with 想就远)
易错:部分同学遇到 as well as 也按就近(它的谓语只跟前面那个主语走)
划重点|or 就近,as well as 就远。
【口诀or 就近走,as well as 往前看。
05高频场景⚡这几处年年都遇到
高频场景就那么几处:a number of 用复数、the number of 用单数;none of、most of 看 of 后面的名词;长主语先圈中心词;一致改对了,时态和语态还要各查一遍。
百分数短语:谓语跟 of 后面的名词一致(Half of the apples are rotten.)
none of 与 most of:同样看 of 后面的名词(Most of the water is clean.)
each 与 every:修饰主语时按单数(Every student has a plan.)
长主语:先圈出中心词再判断(The quality of these products is poor.)
定语从句:关系代词作主语时看先行词(He is the only one of the students who was praised.)
时态一并查:一致对了还要看时态对不对(He has finished his homework.)
语态一并查:主语是动作承受者时用被动(The room is cleaned every day.)

易错:部分同学改完一致忘了时态(两项都对上才算对)
划重点|一致对了,时态和语态再各查一遍。
【记法一致对了,时态和语态再各查一遍。
▍自测一下
先把下面这 6 道题做一遍,再对后面的答案与解析。
1. The list of names ___ (be) long. 该填什么?
2. The number of students ___ (be) rising. 该填什么?
3. A number of students ___ (be) late. 该填什么?
4. Either you or he ___ (be) right. 该填什么?
5. The girl as well as her parents ___ (go) shopping. 该填什么?
6. Physics ___ (be) my favourite subject. 该填什么?
答案与解析
1.is解析:主语是 the list,of names 是介词短语,不参与一致。
2.is解析:the number of 表示数量,视为单数。
3.were解析:a number of 表示许多,后面的名词是复数,谓语用复数。
4.is解析:either or 按就近原则,靠近谓语的是 he。
5.goes解析:as well as 按就远原则,谓语跟前面的 the girl 一致。
6.is解析:physics 词尾有 s,但表示学科,视为单数。
▍小结
主谓一致说到底是一道找主语的题。先划掉介词短语和插入语,找到中心词,再判断是单是复;遇到 or 想就近,遇到 as well as 想就远;数字短语和集合名词各记一组。规则不多,练的是眼力,把干扰成分划掉这个动作练熟,正确率自然上去。
各位学习搭子:这份笔记先收好,随时可以回来翻。想跟着一起学,欢迎留个关注;下一期想先看哪个知识点,留言里说一声。















































































