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专题 05 阅读理解之议论文 12 篇
（23-24高一上·江苏南京·期末）Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to
be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we seldom
try to follow them in our lives.
Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow
perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term ham and suffering. A good
life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain because we spoil our health and even our character,
principles, ideals, and relationships.
What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being: a direction, not a destination.
We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the
very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine
ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a
better world.
The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty,
we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon bum out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only
enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.
However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently,
our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome those who want to do good to others
also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.
If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel（方向盘）. If the engine lacks power, the car can’t
move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right
knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.
With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the
impact of our good work on the world, we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.
1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?
A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted.
C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury.
2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering.
C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations.D．Through offering help much needed by others.
3．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?
A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient.
C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality.
4．According to Paragraph5, life can be made truly good when ______.
A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge
C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生
而有益。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is
sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导
致长期的伤害和痛苦)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们
目光短浅、短视。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in
return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因
为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更
危险)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的
结局。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing
good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界)”可知，有爱和
知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。
（23-24高一上·江西南昌·期末）It’s common for people to have the idea, believing that happiness will come
after reaching certain goals. This can include things like getting a promotion, finding a romantic partner, or reaching a
certain level of life success. While these achievements can certainly bring some happiness, this way of thinking can
lead to an endless cycle of waiting for the next thing to bring happiness.
The truth is that happiness should not be dependent on material achievements but rather a choice we make in
each moment. By linking happiness with outside factors, we often lose sight of the present moment and miss the joy
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司that can be found in everyday experiences. It’s important to realize that happiness is not something that can be
achieved in the future, but rather a state of mind that we can keep at present. By being present, we can appreciate the
simple pleasures in life, like the warmth of the sun on our skin, the laughter of loved ones, or the taste of a delicious
meal.
Life is indeed filled with challenges, which are an important part of our journey towards personal growth. They
often push us out of our comfort zones and force us to think creatively and find new solutions, providing us with
opportunities to learn, get valuable experience and discover our inner strength. By embracing these opportunities to
learn, we can grow and become better equipped to handle future challenges instead of always waiting for the perfect
moment or for all our problems to be solved before allowing ourselves to be happy. When we understand that
challenges are not difficulties to our happiness but rather opportunities for growth and learning, we can appreciate
the present moment and find happiness regardless of the situations.
Rather than waiting for future events to bring happiness, it’s better to accept the present and find joy and
contentment in the journey itself. Let’s grasp the opportunity and embrace the joy that is within our reach. Time waits
for no one, so why wait to be happy?
1．How can people find happiness according to the passage?
A．By reaching certain goals. B．By achieving material success.
C．By being content with present situation. D．By keeping seeking new experiences.
2．What do challenges bring to us?
A．Perfect moments. B．Comfort zones. C．Inner beauty D．Personal
progress.
3．What does the underlined word “embracing” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Accepting. B．Assuming C．Creating D．Believing
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．The chance of personal growth. B．The way to get the happiness.
C．The courage to face the challenge. D．The solution to achieve the goals.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了人们通常会有这样的想法，认为幸福会在达到一定的目标后到
来，但是作者认为满足于现状才可以幸福，文章指出挑战是学习的机会，可以让我们成长。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s important to realize that happiness is not something that can be achieved in
the future, but rather a state of mind that we can keep at present. By being present, we can appreciate the simple
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司pleasures in life, like the warmth of the sun on our skin, the laughter of loved ones, or the taste of a delicious meal.
(重要的是要意识到幸福不是将来才能获得的东西，而是我们现在可以保持的一种心态。通过活在当下，我
们可以欣赏生活中简单的快乐，比如阳光照在我们皮肤上的温暖，亲人的笑声，或者美味佳肴的味道)”可
知，人们通过满足于现状找到幸福。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Life is indeed filled with challenges, which are an important part of our journey
towards personal growth. They often push us out of our comfort zones and force us to think creatively and find new
solutions, providing us with opportunities to learn, get valuable experience and discover our inner strength.(生活确
实充满了挑战，这是我们迈向个人成长的重要组成部分。它们经常把我们推出舒适区，迫使我们创造性地
思考，寻找新的解决方案，为我们提供学习的机会，获得宝贵的经验，发现我们内在的力量)”可知，挑战
给我们带来个人进步。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“They often push us out of our comfort zones and force us to think creatively
and find new solutions, providing us with opportunities to learn, get valuable experience and discover our inner
strength.(它们经常把我们推出舒适区，迫使我们创造性地思考，寻找新的解决方案，为我们提供学习的机
会，获得宝贵的经验，发现我们内在的力量)”以及后文“these opportunities to learn, we can grow and become
better equipped to handle future challenges instead of always waiting for the perfect moment or for all our
problems to be solved before allowing ourselves to be happy”可知，通过接受挑战作为学习的机会，我们可以
成长，变得更好地应对未来的挑战，而不是总是等待完美的时刻或我们所有的问题都解决了才让自己快乐。
故划线词意思是“接受”。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Rather than waiting for future events to bring happiness, it’s better to accept the
present and find joy and contentment in the journey itself. Let’s grasp the opportunity and embrace the joy that is
within our reach. Time waits for no one, so why wait to be happy?(与其等待未来的事情带来幸福，不如接受现
在，在旅程中寻找快乐和满足。让我们抓住机会，拥抱我们力所能及的快乐。时间不等人，为什么要等着
幸福呢？)”结合文章主要说明了人们通常会有这样的想法，认为幸福会在达到一定的目标后到来，但是作
者认为满足于现状才可以幸福，文章指出挑战是学习的机会，可以让我们成长。可知，这篇文章的主要内
容是获得幸福的方法。故选B。
（23-24高一上·江苏常州·期末）Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)? In the United
States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools. Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers
from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools
very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject.
But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the
wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律).
Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training
both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection
between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊). Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate
respect for different cultures-something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies.
Martial arts also strengthen muscles,improves flexibility and balance. Everyone knows that with better physical
health, come better, happier lives.
However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding
those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be challenge. They believe it is
a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at
it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out. But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers
who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage.
1．What’s the topic of this text?
A．What martial arts are.
B．Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum.
C．Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school.
D．How martial arts work for schools.
2．Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum?
A．Self-defense is not taught at schools.
B．Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world.
C．It provides physical and mental benefits.
D．It can help prevent physical damage.
3．What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph?
A．Building a dojo and finding the trainers.
B．Teaching martial arts and the physical damage.
C．Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap.
D．Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum?
A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Disliking. D．Negative.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是武术是否应该被列入学校的主要课程。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)?(武术应该成为学校
课程的一部分吗？)”可知，本文主要的话题是武术是否应该列入学校课程。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop
self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that
there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊).(武术不仅提供了一种身体
锻炼，而且还提供了一个发展自卫技能的机会，同时训练身体和心灵自律和警觉。研究表明，练习武术和
自尊之间存在着重要的联系)”可知，把武术加入课程是因为它对身体和精神都有好处。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制
的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out.
(他们认为这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的情况，没有必修的武术课程，那些擅长武术的人可能永远不会在武
术馆)”可知，chicken和egg是缺乏训练师，没有必修的武术课程。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the
first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children
become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律).(但一项新的研究表明，
第一世界的肥胖水平仍在以惊人的速度上升，一些人认为，武术可能有助于对抗肥胖，也有助于孩子们在
自卫和自律方面更好地适应更广阔的世界)”和最后一段“However, some have been keen to point out that yes,
martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach
martial arts could probably prove to be challenge.(然而，一些人敏锐地指出，是的，每个学校开武术课很棒，
但是找到那些受过训练并有资格教授武术的人可能会被证明是一个挑战)”可知，本文只是客观陈述人们对
武术是否该成为学校课程的不同观点，并没有表明自己的观点，所以作者对在课程中增加武术的态度是不
清楚的。故选A。
（23-24 高一上·辽宁辽阳·期末）When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite
awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a
dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman.
As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel
good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at
all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days
before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing.
If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at
University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and
bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot.
Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth
(歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your
attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more
actively.
1．How does the author start the text?
A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example.
C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views.
2．What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie.
C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters.
3．Why would people lie more according to the study?
A．They are used to lying.
B．They don’t behave well.
C．They lose track of others.
D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings.
4．What does Sharot advise us to do?
A．Try to bend the truth.
B．Change our behavior.
C．Say sorry to the one we lied to.
D．Concentrate more on our values.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了撒谎对友谊的影响，并提出了如何处理这种情况的建议。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite
awkward (令人尴尬的)when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a
dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman.(当Gail
Heyman和一个朋友去购物时，当她的朋友问她最喜欢哪件衣服时，她发现自己很尴尬。她的朋友有一条
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司明确的最爱——一条Heyman碰巧不喜欢的裙子。Heyman说：“在这种情况下，我撒了谎，说我喜欢同一
款。”)”可知，文章开头，作者是通过举了一个例子来引出本文主题。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell
a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life,
protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a
job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and
you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he
has an opportunity to fix that thing.(正如Heyman的经历所表明的那样，如果你为了让朋友感觉良好而说一个
善意的谎言，可能并不那么重要。但当涉及到你生命中最有意义的关系时，不惜一切代价保护朋友的感受
有时会让他们失败)”可知，有时候你的一个所谓的善意的谎言可能会让你的朋友失败。由此推知，对于说
谎，我们应该抱有谨慎的态度。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study
carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to
it.(如果你知道谎言会有结果，为什么你还经常撒谎？伦敦大学学院教授Tali Sharot进行的一项研究发现，
这是因为人们已经习惯了。)”可知，人们明知道谎言会有后果还是会说谎是因为人们习惯了说谎。故选
A。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and
notice when you want to bend the truth(歪曲事实) .She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually
responding to those triggers(诱因) .Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can
be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively.(Sharot指出，如果你担心自己撒了太多的谎，那就试着
注意一下自己什么时候想要歪曲事实。她认为最好是在你对这些诱因没有实际反应的时候这样做。把你的
注意力从羞耻转移到你的价值观上，这是一种开始更积极地看待这个问题的健康方式。)”可知，Sharot建
议我们应该把注意力放在价值观上。故选D。
（23-24高一上·山西朔州·期末）Children should do housework. That’s a controversial (有争议的) idea,
though not everyone will admit it. A few parents will say that their children are too busy for housework. Many more
of us assign (分派) housework, or say we believe in them, but the housework just doesn’t get done.
That’s a problem. For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running a
household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing to their
emotional well-being.
One small study, done over a period of 25 years, found that the best predictor (预测) for young adults’ success in
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司their mid-20s was whether they participated in household tasks at age 3 or 4. Those early shared responsibilities
extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives.
But for all that their help matters, few kids are doing much around the house at all. In a survey of 1,000
American adults, 75 percent said they believed regular housework made kids “more responsible”. Yet while 82 percent
reported having had regular housework growing up, only 56 percent of those with children said they required them
to do housework.
Sports and homework are not get-out-of-housework-free cards. The goal, after all, is to raise adults who can
balance a caring role in their families and communities with whatever lifetime achievement goals they choose.
Housework teaches that balance.
What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. Don’t worry if you must
repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to do this job than it would take to do
it yourself, then you’re doing it right. Can a payment help? Maybe. But if you’re trying to teach kids to share the
responsibility of a home, paying them for routine housework is not the right message.
1．What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A．Very few children get housework done. B．Children are very busy with housework.
C．Housework is a must-do for parents. D．Family members should respect each other.
2．What is found in the small study?
A．Housework helps a man live a happy life. B．A man’s success depends on his housework.
C．Housework benefits a sense of responsibility. D．A child must start doing housework at Age 3.
3．What does the author advise parents to do in the last paragraph?
A．Balance housework and study. B．Help the child do housework positively.
C．Do housework by themselves. D．Pay the child for housework.
4．What is the best title of the text?
A．Adults Do Less Housework in the US B．Housework Matters to Children.
C．Parents Words Speak Louder D．Children Need More Care at Home
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要以“孩子要做家务”为话题，通过研究和事例，论证做家务对孩子
成长的重要性，鼓励家长督促孩子多参与家务活，培养责任意识。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many more of us assign (分派) housework, or say we believe in them, but the
housework just doesn’t get done.(我们中有更多的人会分配家务，或者说我们相信家务，但家务只是没有被
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司作。)”可推断，尽管分派了家务活，但是很少有孩子真正去做。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other
areas of their lives.(这些早期共同承担的责任延伸到了他们生活中其他领域的责任感。)”可知，该研究发现
做家务活有助于孩子们培养责任意识。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no
excuses. Don’t worry if you must repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to
do this job than it would take to do it yourself, then you’re doing it right.(当你让孩子做家务时，你应该怎么做？
不要接受任何借口。如果你必须一遍又一遍地重复，也不要担心。如果你花在让孩子做这件事上的时间比
你自己做这件事的时间还多，那么你做得对。)”可知，作者建议家长给孩子分派家务活时不接受孩子的任
何托词，积极帮助孩子做家务。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段首句“Children should do housework.(孩子们应该做家务。)”为该文
的核心话题，第二段“For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running a
household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing to their
emotional well-being.(首先，做家务对孩子有好处。作为日常家务的一部分，帮助孩子们培养对他人需求的
认识，同时也有助于他们的情感健康。)”论述了做家务可以给孩子带来的好处，由此可知，本文主要论述
做家务活对孩子成长的重要性，助力孩子的责任意识，因此最好的标题是B选项“Housework Matters to
Children.(家务对孩子很重要。)”。故选B。
（23-24高一上·福建宁德·期末）There’s something so wonderfully easy about reading this column in a
physical newspaper. You turned the page, and here it is, with few annoyances or distractions, in an ultra-high-
definition(超高清的)typeface which was custom-designed with pleasurable reading in mind. Or—wait—are you
reading this on a phone? Did you follow a link from Twitter, or Facebook? Or maybe you’re on a train, or a plane, or
you’re trying to use your laptop on your cousin’s bad Wi-Fi connection out in the countryside somewhere. In the
case, there’s a pretty good chance that even getting this far is some kind of minor miracle.
When talking about the economics of online publishing, the first thing to remember is that job No.1 isn’t to
get the news to you. Rather, it is to monetize you, by selling you off, in real time, to the highest bidder. This happens
every time you click on a link, before the page has even started to load on your phone. An almost unthinkably
enormous ecosystem of scripts, cookies and often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of
brand messages and sales pitches which are tailored almost uniquely to you.
That ecosystem raises important questions about privacy and just general creepiness(毛骨悚然)—the way that
the minute you look at a pair of shoes online, for instance, they then start following you around every other website
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司you visit for weeks. But whether or not you value your privacy, you are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight of all
that technology.
Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more
annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are. The move to greater privacy
protection might help slow the pace at which such technologies are adopted. But there’s no realistic hope that websites
will actually improve from here. If you want to avoid the terrible experience of the mobile web, you’ll only have one
choice—which is to start reading your articles natively, in the Facebook or Apple News app. But it won’t be Facebook
and Apple who killed the news brands. It’ll be ad tech.
1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To introduce various reading styles.
B．To lead to the topic to be talked about.
C．To show the advantages of physical newspapers.
D．To compare physical newspapers with electronic reading.
2．Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A．The reader’s demand is satisfied.
B．The reader’s interest is motivated.
C．The reader is cheated by the design.
D．The reader is taken advantage of.
3．What is the author’s attitude towards the economics of online publishing according to the passage?
A．Tolerant. B．Critical.
C．Supportive. D．Indifferent.
4．What could be learned from the last paragraph?
A．Online ads have become less troublesome.
B．Silicon Valley is as famous as Facebook.
C．Ad tech is a good solution to privacy protection.
D．It is tough to keep away from the annoyances brought about by ads.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章对智能设备进行阅读时出现广告表达不满。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“There’s something so wonderfully easy about reading this column in a physical
newspaper. You turned the page, and here it is, with few annoyances or distractions, in an ultra-high-definition(超
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司高清的)typeface which was custom-designed with pleasurable reading in mind. Or—wait—are you reading this on
a phone? (在纸质报纸上阅读这篇专栏文章是一件非常简单的事情。你翻了一页，它就在这里，超高清字体
是为愉悦阅读而定制的，几乎没有让人烦恼或分心的东西。要么——等等——你是在手机上读这篇文章
吗？)”等内容可知，本段通过纸质阅读和智能设备上阅读的体验对比，来引出下文讨论的话题：对智能设
备上广告阅读的不满。故选B项。
2．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“When talking about the economics of online publishing, the first thing to
remember is that job No.1 isn’t to get the news to you. (当谈到在线出版的经济学时，首先要记住的是，首要任
务不是把新闻传递给你。)”说明在线出版的经济学首要任务不是向读者提供新闻，结合划线词句中
Rather(相反)等内容，从而推知“Rather, it is to monetize you, by selling you off, in real time, to the highest
bidder. (相反，it is to monetize you，是通过实时将您出售给出价最高的人。)”其中短句应为“读者被出卖了，
读者被利用来读新闻广告了”的意思。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“An almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts, cookies and often
astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brand messages and sales pitches which are tailored
almost uniquely to you. (一个几乎难以想象的庞大生态系统，包括脚本、cookie和经常令人惊讶的个人信息，
被用来向你展示一组品牌信息和销售宣传，这些信息几乎是为你量身定制的。)”以及最后一段中“Online
ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more annoying as
well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are.( 随着时间的推移，在线广告从未
像现在这样让人讨厌，可以肯定的是，一旦硅谷找到了更好地识别你是谁的方法，移动广告也会变得更加
令人讨厌。)”可知，作者对网络出版经济学的态度是批判的。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that
mobile ads are going to get more annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who
you are. The move to greater privacy protection might help slow the pace at which such technologies are adopted.
But there’s no realistic hope that websites will actually improve from here. If you want to avoid the terrible
experience of the mobile web, you’ll only have one choice—which is to start reading your articles natively, in the
Facebook or Apple News app. But it won’t be Facebook and Apple who killed the news brands. It’ll be ad tech. (随
着时间的推移，在线广告从未像现在这样让人讨厌，可以肯定的是，一旦硅谷找到了更好地识别你是谁的
方法，移动广告也会变得更加令人讨厌。加强隐私保护的举措可能有助于减缓此类技术被采用的速度。但
从现在开始，网站要真正得到改善是不现实的。如果你想避免糟糕的移动网络体验，你只有一个选择，那
就是开始在Facebook或Apple News应用程序中阅读你的文章。但破坏新闻品牌的不会是Facebook和苹果。
它将是广告技术。)”可知，要远离广告带来的烦恼是很难的。故选D项。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司（23-24高一上·内蒙古赤峰·期末）Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a
historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve
the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for
example, economic reasons why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive
and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many
examples in my own hometown of Tours, where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old
buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it
often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same
can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is
simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the
architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be
living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and
different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
1．What can we learn about historical buildings from paragraph 1?
A．All of them are not attractive.
B．Most of them are hard to preserve.
C．People want to preserve the historic feel.
D．They are more pleasing than modern ones.
2．When it comes to the coexistence of old buildings and new ones,
A．the author is doubtful about it.
B．the author is unclear about it.
C．the author firmly believes that the old have to give way to the new.
D．the author is in favor of it.
3．What is the the duty of the architect and planner implied in the passage?
A．Destroy old buildings.
B．Put things in a different place.
C．Choose new architectural styles.
D．Respect people’s feelings for historical buildings.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司4．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To instruct. B．To argue. C．To warn. D．To educate.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久地区的老建筑旁边。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Not all historical buildings are attractive.(并非所有的历史建筑都具有吸
引力)”可知，并非所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力，由此可知，从第1段中我们可以了解到不是所有的历史
建筑都具有吸引力。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an
older style.(在我看来，新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存)”可知，作者认为新的建筑风格可以与旧的
风格完美共存，由此可知，作者对新旧建筑共存的态度是赞成的。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in
caves.(如果我们总是复制以前的样子，我们都仍然会住在洞穴里)”可知，作者认为如果我们不选择新的建
筑样式，总是复制以前的建筑风格，那么现在我们将仍然会住在洞穴里，由此可知，作者认为建筑师有责
任选择新的建筑样式，推动建筑的发展。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older
buildings in a historic area of a city?(我们是否应该允许在城市历史区的老建筑旁边建造现代建筑？)”可知，
文章主要针对现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久的地区进行了争论，由此可知，文章主要目的是争论现代建
筑是否可以建在历史悠久的地区。故选B项。
（22-23高一上·江苏无锡·期末）How’ s your eyesight? From the moment we’ reborn, our eyes grow, our
vision becomes clearer and some of us will have normal vision. However, others will become short-sighted (近视)
and end up wearing glasses to help them see everything clearly. And some experts say that more of us will be wearing
them in the future because of our lifestyle when we were younger.
Even today, doctors are reporting arise in shortsightedness in children. The condition can be genetic (遗传
的), but it’ s also partly caused by a number of modern-day factors — particularly children staring at phone screens,
computers and game controllers for long periods of time.
Of course, children have had increased screen time due to lockdowns (封控) during the Covid pandemic — it’
s been the only way to receive education and communicate with others. But education generally could be the cause
of the rise in shortsightedness. Neema Mojarrad, lecturer at the University of Bradford, told BBC Future website,
“Reading and spending more time indoors may be responsible for it. Every year of education increases the expected
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司amount of shortsightedness.”
The problem appears to be more serious in some Asian countries. Some experts say that in these places with
huge educational success, children spend more time indoors studying. Therefore, it seems, spending more time
outdoors could be good for children’ s eye health. The UK’ s College of Optometrists is suggesting parents should
get their kids playing outside for two hours a day. Several scientific studies show this can prevent or stop the
development of shortsightedness.
There’s been a focus on using technology, such as laser (激光) surgery, for fixing shortsightedness, but for
children at least, it seems a moment of daylight and a break from the screen might be part of the solution. Experts
also recommend kids have regular eye tests to find out any prob lens before they become more serious.
1．How does the author introduce the topic in Paragraph 1?
A．By raising a question. B．By telling a story.
C．By giving an example. D．By introducing an expert.
2．What is a modern-day factor in children’ s shortsightedness?
A．Genetic reason. B．Unexpected lockdown.
C．Extra physical education. D．Increased screen time.
3．Why are more children short-sighted in the countries with huge educational success?
A．They spend more time staring at screens.
B．They spend less time playing indoors.
C．They spend more time studying indoors.
D．They spend less time taking eye tests.
4．What do experts suggest children doing to protect their eyesight?
A．Receiving surgical operation.
B．Taking regular examination.
C．Increasing indoor activities.
D．Stay away from modern technologies.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就现代生活方式对儿童视力的影响，以及矫正儿童视力的解决方案展开
讨论。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“How’ s your eyesight? From the moment we’ reborn, our eyes grow, our vision
becomes clearer and some of us will have normal vision. However, others will become short-sighted (近视) and
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司end up wearing glasses to help them see everything clearly. And some experts say that more of us will be wearing
them in the future because of our lifestyle when we were younger.(你的视力怎么样？从我们重生的那一刻起，
我们的眼睛长大了，我们的视力变得更加清晰，我们中的一些人会有正常的视力。然而，其他人会变成近
视眼，最后戴上眼镜来帮助他们看清楚一切。一些专家表示，由于我们年轻时的生活方式，未来会有更多
的人戴上它们。)”可推断，作者通过提问题的方式来引出主题。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The condition can be genetic (遗传的), but it’ s also partly caused by a number of
modern-day factors — particularly children staring at phone screens, computers and game controllers for long
periods of time. (这种情况可能是遗传的，但也有一些现代因素造成的，尤其是儿童长时间盯着手机屏幕、
电脑和游戏手柄。)”可知，儿童近视的现代因素是屏幕时间的增加。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Some experts say that in these places with huge educational success, children
spend more time indoors studying. (一些专家说，在这些教育取得巨大成功的地方，孩子们花更多的时间在
室内学习。)”可知，在教育取得巨大成功的国家，近视儿童越来越多，是因为他们花更多的时间在室内学
习。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Experts also recommend kids have regular eye tests to find out any prob lens
before they become more serious. (专家还建议孩子们定期进行视力检查，在问题变得更严重之前找出问题镜
片。)”可知，专家建议孩子们定期进行视力检查。故选B。
（23-24高一上·河北张家口·期末）Cultural heritage is a variety of local treasures from different places. These
treasures often increase people’s pride in their hometown. Thus, protecting cultural heritage is of great significance
and importance. In protecting cultural heritage, countries around the world should join hands further to deal with
issues. Today there are shared measures to preserve cultural heritage, however, countries still have different views on
cultural heritage preservation.
Asian and European architecture is very different, for example. European buildings are often stone
structures(结构) that can stand damage caused by wind and rain, while those in the East are more often wooden
structures which require renovation(整修). This leads to different views on how to preserve ancient architecture.
From the very beginning, Europeans have the opinion that people should take fewer measures in the process of
protecting cultural heritage. For example, the ruins of the Roman Colosseum have simply been left as they are, but
Asia has a tradition of renovation of cultural relics and we believe that this measure will not affect their
authenticity(真实性). The Ise Grand Shrine building in Japan is rebuilt every 20 years from one generation to the
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司next. Such tradition caused a debate in international cultural heritage preservation circles, as some thought that the
rebuilding process would harm its authenticity. Experts around the world travelled to Japan especially to conduct
onsite check and discussions, and they finally recognized that the term “authenticity” actually varies(变化) from
culture to culture.
The importance of these international exchanges is that they will help the world understand Asia, and accept
Asian ways to protect cultural heritage.
1．What is the purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To present an argument. B．To make a comparison.
C．To draw a conclusion. D．To give an example.
2．What does the underlined word “those” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Views. B．Damages. C．Buildings. D．Structures.
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．European experts fail to protect cultural relics.
B．Protecting cultural heritage causes many issues.
C．Many European ancient buildings are made of wood.
D．Ways to protect cultural heritage vary from area to area.
4．What does the author agree to in protecting cultural heritage?
A．International communication is needed.
B．We should follow western experts’ advice.
C．Cultural heritage will be damaged through rebuilding.
D．Asian ways to protect cultural heritage are unacceptable.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文一篇议论文。文章讲述文化遗产是来自不同地方的各种地方珍宝，保护文化遗产具有重要的
意义和重要性，但各国对文化遗产的保护仍有不同的看法。本文作者呼吁进行国际上的交流来增进对文化
遗产保护的了解与合作。
1．推理判断题。文章第一段“Today there are shared measures to preserve cultural heritage, however, countries
still have different views on cultural heritage preservation.(今天，保护文化遗产的措施是共同的，但各国对文
化遗产的保护仍有不同的看法。)”主要讲了在文化遗产保护过程中，世界各国应该携手共同处理问题，虽
然现在有一些通用的保护文化遗产的方法，但是不同的国家对于文化遗产的保护仍然有不同见解。第二段
和第三段对第一段提出的论点进行了论证，第四段对论点进行了总结和深化，所以第一段的作用是提出论
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司点。故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“European buildings are often stone structures(结构) that can stand damage caused
by wind and rain, while those in the East are more often wooden structures which require renovation(整修)．(欧
洲的建筑通常是石头结构，可以承受风雨造成的破坏，而东方的those则更多是木结构，需要翻新。)”可知，
本句中的those和 buildings表达同一个意思，都是指建筑。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段 “For example, the ruins of the Roman Colosseum have simply been left as they
are, but Asia has a tradition of renovation of cultural relics and we believe that this measure will not affect their
authenticity(真实性).( 例如，罗马斗兽场遗址被简单地保持原样，但亚洲有文物翻新的传统，我们认为这
一措施不会影响其真实性。)”可知，罗马斗兽场废墟仅仅是保持原状，而亚洲有整修文化遗产的传统，所
以存在不同的保护文化遗产的方式。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The importance of these international exchanges is that they will help the world
understand Asia, and accept Asian ways to protect cultural heritage.( 这些国际交流的重要性在于，它们将帮助
世界了解亚洲，并接受亚洲保护文化遗产的方式。)”可知，国际交流的重要性在于，将会帮助世界了解亚
洲、接受亚洲保护文化遗产的方式。所以作者认为进行国际交流是有必要的。故选A。
（23-24高一上·北京丰台·期末）SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY?
This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the
article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some
advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should stop accepting technology
just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the
families of the dead said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be
travelling in driverless cars one day soon.
On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily without new
technology. Probably the most well-known are the Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars,
watch TV, or use the Internet. They advocate (提倡) a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and
community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could
even be argued that the Amish’s, quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment
rather than living in large, polluted cities.
On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For
example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural
disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through
a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of
my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. However, I will always
look on the bright side of change and accept it rather than resist it.
1．By mentioning driverless cars in Paragraph 1, the author wants to .
A．present an idea B．introduce the topic
C．give an example D．explain the reason
2．Which lifestyle do the Christians living in rural America advocate?
A．Caring about luxuries.
B．Living in mountain areas.
C．Making full use of new technology.
D．Focusing on the interaction between people.
3．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To show it is better to use driverless cars.
B．To prove new technology will bring dangers.
C．To advise people to stop traveling in the new way.
D．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of new technology.
4．What’s the author’s attitude about technological advances?
A．Objective. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Doubtful.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者讨论了新技术的优点和缺点并表明了对技术进步的积极态度。
1．推理判断题。根据标题“SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY?(我们应该反对新技术吗？)”，第
二段第一句“On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily
without new technology.(一方面，世界上有许多不同群体的人在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。)”和第
三段第一句“On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the
years.(另一方面，新技术多年来为各地的人们提供了许多好处。)”可知，文章主要是讲新技术的好处和坏
处以及我们是否应该反对新技术，所以作者在第一段提到无人驾驶汽车是为了引入主题。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“They advocate (提倡) a simple life with an emphasis on hard work,
family, and community.(他们提倡简单的生活，强调努力工作、家庭和社区。)”可知，生活在美国农村的基
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司督徒倡导注重人与人之间的互动的生活方式。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the
world who live happily without new technology.(一方面，世界上有许多不同群体的人在没有新技术的情况下
幸福地生活着。)”，第三段第一句“On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with
many benefits over the years.(另一方面，新技术多年来为各地的人们提供了许多好处。)”，第四段第一句
“Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances.(就我个人而言，我从技术进步中获益良
多。)”以及最后两句“Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect.
However, I will always look on the bright side of change and accept it rather than resist it.(当然，当新技术改变我
们的生活方式时，这可能是一个可怕的前景。然而，我总是会看到变化的光明面，接受它，而不是抵制
它。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是讨论新技术的优点和缺点。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句“Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a
scary prospect. However, I will always look on the bright side of change and accept it rather than resist it.(当然，
当新技术改变我们的生活方式时，这可能是一个可怕的前景。然而，我总是会看到变化的光明面，接受它，
而不是抵制它。)”可知，作者对技术进步的态度是积极的。故选C。
（22-23高一上·河北张家口·期末）If you’re reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The ohohs.
The 21st century.
That would make you young, creative, connected, global, and no doubt smart. Maybe goodlooking, too. Right?
But what do other people think about your generation?
Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you. They
think of you as the “facedown generation” because you use your phone so much and they wonder how you will deal
with school, friends, and family. Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies to become successful in
real life — or “IRL”, as you would say?
Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoilt (宠坏的) and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life.
Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents”. They were always there to guide and
help them with a busy schedule filled with homework and extracurricular activities such as dancing, drawing, or
sports. With parents who do everything for them, today’s youth seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they
are in their 20s or 30s.
Does the facedown generation need a headsup? Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers
are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be enthusiastic (热情的) and willing
to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. There are also brave young
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’rights to go to
school.
So if you’re one of the ohohs, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face-
down generation. Chances are that you will do GR8 (great) and LOL (laugh out loud).
1．What can we learn about the ohohs ?
A．They are addicted to screens.
B．They are always in bad mood.
C．They were born before the 2000s.
D．They are busy with their texts.
2．Which of the following is true about “helicopter parents”?
A．They travel by air all year round.
B．They instruct everything for their children.
C．They depend on their teenagers.
D．They avoid challenges of adult life.
3．What qualities does the ohohs have in para 5 ?
A．Proud. B．Awkward. C．Passionate. D．Peaceful.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Facedown Generation
B．Promising Generation
C．Struggling Teenagers
D．Generation Under Control
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导读】本文是一片议论文。文章作者提出不同人对于当下“脸朝下的”一代人的看法，有认为好的一面
也有认为不好的一面，但总的来说作者认为这一代人还是对未来充满希望的。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If you’re reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The ohohs. (如
果你正在读这篇文章，你可能出生在2000后，俗称零零后)”第二段“ But what do other people think about
your generation?(但是其他人是怎么看待你们这一代的呢？)”第三段“Some adults worry that you’re more
interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you.(有些成年人担心你对面前的屏幕比对周围的
世界更感兴趣。)”可知，在很多人眼中零零后喜欢电子产品，对网络世界感兴趣。故选A项。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司parents”. They were always there to guide and help them with a busy schedule filled with homework and extra-
curricular activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports. (很多90后和00后都是由“直升机父母”抚养长大的。
他们总是在那里指导和帮助他们，在繁忙的日程安排中完成家庭作业和课外活动，如舞蹈、绘画或运
动。)”可知，“直升机父母”在孩子的成长过程中喜欢指导一切。故选B项。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“They also seem to be enthusiastic(热情的) and willing to become
leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. (他们似乎也很热情，愿意成为领导
者。比以往任何时候都多的年轻人自愿帮助他们的社区。)”可知，现在“脸朝下的一代”其实对现实生活
充满热情，并且愿意承担社会责任。A. Proud自豪的；B. Awkward令人尴尬的；C. Passionate热情的；D.
Peaceful和平的。故选C项。
1．主旨大意题。根据首段“If you’re reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The ohohs. (如果你正
在读这篇文章，你可能出生在2000后，俗称零零后)”和末段“So if you’re one of the ohohs, there’s reason to
be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the facedown generation. Chances are that you will do GR8
(great) and LOL (laugh out loud).(所以如果你是其中之一，你有理由对未来充满希望。对于“脸朝下的一
代”来说，情况正在好转。很有可能你会做到GR8(很棒)和LOL(大声笑)。)”可知，全文都描述“脸朝下一
代”在大家眼中的样子，以及他们成长经历和在现实生活中的表现。故选A项。
（22-23高一上·湖南衡阳·期末）Throwing a rock into a calm body of water creates a ripple(涟漪) effect
across the calm pond, until those ripples reach the edge of the water. It can be a beautiful experience and it also
explains how our actions affect other people. When we display love and kindness to others, the feeling ripples out to
people in our inner circle, and the impact of our actions extends out further. The same logic also applies to hate or
anger. It is important that we should begin to be more thoughtful about our actions and words.
Love can reach so many different people, making it a powerful force in the world. Hate has the same effect. The
world would be a better place if we learn to love and show kindness to others instead of anger. We can't always control
what others do, but we have power over our actions and contribute our own ripples into the world.
We don't always know the impact that our actions have on others. There will be times when you are angry. Some
people may feel a sense of temporary relief when they throw a rock of hate into the world, but that feeling usually
changes into shame and anger towards oneself eventually. Hate hurts yourself and the world in the meanwhile. I
recommend walking away for a while when you feel angry. Kindness is like perfume(香水). Spreading love and
kindness not only has positive effects on others but also on ourselves. You get to enjoy it, and the people around you
can enjoy it too. Personally, I feel my best when I help others and I feel my worst when I've made someone upset.
When we put kindness into the world, we'll feel thank- fulness, sympathy, and understanding. Let my kindness guide
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司my decisions and this allows love and connection to ripple out into the world.
It's important that we take care of ourselves when we show love and kindness to others. When we love ourselves,
we're then able to love others. And when we let this love and kindness guide our decisions, the world will become
more beautiful.
1．Why does the author mention the experience of throwing a rock into a pond?
A．To teach us how to make big ripples.
B．To introduce the topic of this text.
C．To see how the ripples spread in water.
D．To share an interesting experience.
2．What does the author advise you to do when you are angry?
A．Turn to your parents for help.
B．Talk about your problems with someone else.
C．Stop those ripples of anger from spreading.
D．Avoid seeing the person making you angry.
3．How is the third paragraph mainly developed?
A．By referring to a theory. B．By analyzing cause and effect.
C．By giving some examples. D．By making comparisons.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Anger has a bad effect on our actions
B．Love and kindness make the world much more beautiful
C．Kindness or anger ripples out to other people nearby
D．Hate usually leads to shame and anger in the end
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文通过引用向水面扔石头会引起涟漪的事实，进而类比引出生活中同样的行
为也会影响到其他人。最终指出爱和善良会使世界变得更美好。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Throwing a rock into a calm body of water creates a ripple(涟漪)
effect across the calm pond, until those ripples reach the edge of the water. It can be a beautiful experience and it
also explains how our actions affect other people.”(把一块石头扔进平静的水中，在平静的池塘里产生涟漪效
应，直到涟漪到达水边。它可以是一个美好的经历，也可以解释我们的行为如何影响他人。)可知，作者通
过具体的事实：向池塘里扔石子会激起涟漪，来说明生活中人们的行为也是可以影响其他人的，由此可以
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司推断出，作者提出向池塘里扔石子的事实是为了引出文章话题，故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The world would be a better place if we learn to love and show kindness to
others instead of anger. We can't always control what others do, but we have power over our actions and contribute
our own ripples into the world.”(如果我们学会爱他人，善待他人，而不是愤怒，这个世界将会变得更美好。
我们不能总是控制别人的所作所为，但我们对自己的所作所为拥有控制权，并为世界贡献自己的影响力。)
可知，当我们有消极情绪时，要控制住自己的情绪，学会爱他人，善待他人，由此可知，当我们生气时，
作者建议我们要控制自己，阻止愤怒的涟漪蔓延。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Hate hurts yourself and the world in the meanwhile. I recommend walking
away for a while when you feel angry. Kindness is like perfume(香水). Spreading love and kindness not only has
positive effects on others but also on ourselves.”(仇恨会伤害你自己，同时伤害整个世界。我建议你生气的时
候离开一段时间。善良就像香水。传播爱和善良不仅对他人有积极的影响，对我们自己也有积极的影响。)
可知，作者将仇恨和爱带来的不同后果进行比较，由此可知，第三段主要运用了做比较的手法，故选D。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“It's important that we take care of ourselves when we show love
and kindness to others. When we love ourselves, we're then able to love others. And when we let this love and
kindness guide our decisions, the world will become more beautiful.”(当我们对别人表现出爱和善意时，照顾好
自己是很重要的。当我们爱自己的时候，我们就能爱别人。当我们让这份爱和仁慈指引我们的决定，世界
将变得更加美丽。)可知，文章主要通过引用向水面扔石头会引起涟漪的事实，进而类比引出生活中同样的
行为也会影响到其他人。最终指出爱和善良会使世界变得更美好。所以B选项“Love and kindness make
the world much more beautiful”( 爱和善良让世界更美好)适合做文章标题，故选B。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司
