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寒假作业 03 形容词和副词的比较等级
一、基本用法
（一）概述
英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级，以此表示人或事物的等级差别。形容
词和副词的比较级用于两者之间的比较，表示“较……”或“更……一些”；形容词和副词的最高级用于
三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较，表示“最……”，形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词 the，副词最高
级前的the可以省略。
（二）比较等级的构成
形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。
1. 规则变化
一般在词尾加-er或-est High–higher–highest fast–faster– fastest
以字母e结尾的词，直接加-r或-st nice–nicer–nicest late–later–latest
单音节词 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，先把
busy–busier–busiest early–earlier–earliest
和部分双 y变为i，再加-er或-est
音节词 以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个
辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母， hot–hotter–hottest thin–thinner–thinnest
再加-er或-es．
多音节和
difficult–more difficult–most difficult
部分双音 在词前加more或most
quickly–more quickly–most quickly
节词
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good(好的)/
better best
well(好地，健康的)
bad(坏的)/ill(有病的)/
worse worst
badly(坏地；恶劣地)
many(许多)/
more most
much(许多)
little(少的) less least
far(远的/地) farther(指距离)较远 farthest(指距离)最远
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司further(指距离和抽象概念)较远 furthest(指距离和抽象概念)最远
older oldest
old(老的)
elder(指年长的) eldest
二、特殊用法
（一）比较级的修饰语
1. 在比较级前常用much（……得多），even（甚至），still（更），a little（一点），a bit（有点），a lot
（很多）等来修饰，表示程度进一步加深。
I am much older than my brother.我比我弟弟大得多。
Lin Ping is a little more outgoing than me.林萍比我更外向一点。
2. very, quite, too等程度副词一般只修饰形容词原级，不能修饰比较级。
This tree is very tall. 这棵树很高。
（二）形容词和副词原级比较的两种句型
1. the same as...意为“与……一致，与……相同的”。
His dream is the same as mine. 他的梦想和我的一样。
2.“as+形容词/副词原级+as...”表示……和……一样”，否定结构为“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”，表示
“第一个人/物在……比不上第二个”。
This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
（三）形容词与副词的比较级的常用句型结构
1. A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B. ，表示“A比B……”。
I think English is less important than maths. 我认为英语不如数学重要。
2. Which/Who+谓语动词比较级，A or B?，or连接两个选项，表示对两者的比较或选择，意为“A和B，哪
个/谁更……？”。
Which is heavier, pig or an elephant? 一头猪和一头大象哪个重？
Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei? 林涛和韩梅谁的书更多？
3. get/become+比较级+and+比较级，意为“变得越来越……”，and连接两个相同的形容词比较级，当形
容词是多音节或部分双音节词时，结构变为“get/ become more and more+形容词原级”。
It's getting colder and colder when winter comes. 当冬天来临时，天气变得越来越冷。
Our hometown is getting more and more beautiful我们的家乡正变得越来越美丽。
4. the+比较级，the+比较级，意为“越……，就越……”，表示两个过程按比例同时增减。
The more, the better. 多多益善。
The harder you study, the better grades you'll get. 你学习越努力，就越能取得好成绩。
5. “主语+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two+...”意为“主语是两者中较……的那个。”，是特指的情况。
Jack is the taller of the two. 杰克是两个人中较高的一个。
6. 主语+谓语动词+比较级+ than any other+单数名词. 表示“一个人或物比同一范围内的任何其他一个
都……”。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其他任何一个城市都大。
（四）形容词与副词的最高级的常用句型
形容词与副词的最高级常用于三者或三者以上人或事（物）之间的比较，在表示最高程度，即表示其
中一个在某方面“最……”时使用。在句中使用时，形容词最高级前通常用 the，句中常含有表示比较范
围的介词of或in；of后面一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词，in后面一般接表示单位或场所的名词，
常用句型结构为：
1. 主语+be+the+形容词最高级（+名词/代词）+in/of短语. 意为“……是……中最……的（……）”。
Spring is the best season of year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
2. 主语实义动词（+the）+副词最高级+in/of短语. 意为“……是……中最……的”。
Jack works (the) hardest in our class. 在我们班杰克学习最努力。
3. 主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语. 意为“……是……中最……的……之一”。
New York is one of the biggest cities in the world. 纽约是世界上最大的城市之一。
4. 主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of 短语. 意为“……在……中是第几……
的……”。
The Yangtze River is the first longest river in our country. 长江是我们国家的第一长河。
5. Which/Who+谓语动词（+the）+最高级，A，B or C? 意为“A、B和C，哪个/谁最……？”。
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳地球和月球，哪一个最大？
Who runs (the) fastest, Kate, Tom or Mike? 谁跑得最快，凯特、汤姆还是迈克？
【易错提醒】
一、比较级的替代
使用比较级时，前后两个比较项要保持一致。若前一个比较项是不可数名词，则后一个比较项可为
替代词that。若前一个比较项是复数名词，则后一个比较项可为替代词those。
The weather in Nanjing is warmer than that in Beijing in winter. 在冬天南京的天气比北京暖和。
There are more students in Class 1 than those in Class2. 一班的学生比二班的学生多。
二、注意事项
1. 使用比较级的基本原则：不做比较用原级，两者比较用比较级，多者比较用最高级。
2. 比较的对象要保持前后一致。
Your coat looks more beautiful than mine. 你的大衣比我的好看。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司【易错提醒】
3. 避免将主语包含在比较对象中
China is bigger than any country in Africa. （×）
China is bigger than any other country in Africa. （√）
4. “a/an+比较级”表示“又一/再一更……的”。
My daughter has a doll, but she wants a bigger one. 我女儿有一个玩具娃娃，但是她还想要一个更大的。
5. 最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时，其前不用加the。
My eldest daughter is10 years old. 我最大的女儿10岁。
6. 形容词最高级前加不定冠词a，不表示比较，而表示“非常”的意思。
Spring is a best season. 春天是一个非常好的季节。
三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型
一、单项选择
1．My sister is as ________ as I am. We both like helping others.
A．friend B．friendly C．more friendly D．the friendliest
2．—I think Tony is as ________ as his elder sister.
—Right. But his elder sister is much ________ than him.
A．smart; hard-working B．smarter; hard-working
C．smarter; more hard-working D．smart; more hard-working
3．Baoji isn’t so large ________ Xi’an. But it’s the second ________ city in Shaanxi.
A．as; largest B．as; large C．like; large D．like; largest
4．—Shall we climb Mount Tai?
—OK. Just as the Chinese saying goes, to hear a hundred times is ________ to see once.
A．as good as B．not so good as C．as well as D．not so well as
5．—Which club do you like better, the art club or the AI club?
—I think the AI club is ________ than the art club?
A．enjoyable B．most enjoyable C．more enjoyable D．the most enjoyable
6．—Who is ________, Tina or Tara?
—I think Tina is.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司A．an more outgoing B．more outgoing
C．most outgoing D．the most outgoing
7．—How’s the weather in November? Leaves are turning yellow.
—It’s getting ________ as winter is coming.
A．cold and cold B．the colder and colder
C．more cold and cold D．colder and colder
8．The ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you will make.
A．careful; few B．careful; fewer C．more careful; few D．more careful; fewer
9．China has a ________ population (人口) than ________ country in the world.
A．large; any B．large; any other C．larger; any D．larger; any other
10．Beijing is bigger than ________ in Jiangsu.
A．all the cities B．all the city C．any other city D．the other city
11．Shanghai is much larger than ________ in France and it is larger than ________ in China.
A．any city; any other cities B．any other city; the other cities
C．any other city; any city D．any city; the other cities
12．—I think Downton Abbey is the best film that I have ever seen.
—I agree with you. There isn’t ________ one.
A．a best B．a better C．the better D．the best
13．Of the two girls, Lucy is ________ one.
A．quiet B．quieter C．more quiet D．the quieter
14．Andrew runs ________ faster than me, so he always wins the race.
A．many B．much C．more D．most
15．Which do you like ________, the red pen, the green pen or the blue pen?
A．good B．best C．better D．well
16．The Great Wall is ________ man-made structures in the world.
A．long B．longer C．the longest D．the longer
17．We all know that the Nile River (尼罗河) is the _________ river in the world.
A．higher B．highest C．longer D．longest
18．— Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ in the world?
— Yes, it’s bigger than ________ city in China.
A．the biggest city; other B．the biggest cities; other
C．the biggest cities; any D．the biggest cities; any other
19．As the second ________ island in China, the area of Hainan Island is smaller than ________ of Taiwan.
A．larger; it B．large; that C．largest; / D．largest; that
20．—Is the Yangtze River ________ river in the world?
—No, it isn’t.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司A．the second longB．a second longest C．the second longer D．the second longest
二、根据所给词的适当形式填空
1．Matt writes as (careful) as his brother.
2．Bob swims better than I, but he doesn’t swim so (good) as my brother.
3．In southern China, many places have warmer weather and the flowers there come out (early).
4．Practise more, and you will solve math problems (easy).
5．The you finish the homework, the better grades you will get. (careful)
6．Who comes to school (early), Tara or Tina?
7．Of all the after-school activities, Tom likes painting the (little) because he thinks it’s boring.
8．Which animal jumps (high), the lion, the monkey, or the tree frog?
9．Among all the students, he studies . (hard)
10．It’s raining a little (heavy) in my town than in yours.
一、完形填空
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空
白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Last summer, I went on a trip to the mountains with my parents. It was a trip that left me with a(n) 1
life lesson.
When we 2 at the foot of the mountains, the sight of the tall hills excited me. We started climbing
along a narrow road. At first, everything was easy, I was full of 3 and quickly walked ahead of my
parents. However, after about an hour, I was so 4 that I was out of breath. 5 I wanted to give
up and go back down.
Just then, a little girl walked past me. She was probably no older than me. Although she was climbing 6
, she showed no tiredness. Her 7 encouraged me. I thought to myself, “If she can do it, I can too,” So, I
took a short 8 , drank some water, and started climbing again.
During the rest of the climb, I 9 the top and took one step after another. Finally, I 10 it!
Standing on the mountaintop, I felt great happiness. The landscape was amazing—the vast sky, the endless
mountains, and the fresh 11 .
This trip 12 me that even if things are hard, if we keep trying and never give up, we can 13
problems and reach our goals. I’ll never forget this lesson—it always 14 me to stay strong. This 15
made me more confident (自信的) to face future difficulties.
1．A．important B．difficult C．comfortable D．healthy
2．A．built B．relaxed C．arrived D．looked
3．A．mind B．luck C．energy D．progress
4．A．ready B．tired C．happy D．worried
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司5．A．If B．So C．While D．And
6．A．luckily B．slowly C．easily D．quietly
7．A．spirit B．notice C．happiness D．praise
8．A．blow B．order C．break D．goal
9．A．looked for B．focused on C．laughed at D．stood up
10．A．made B．explored C．watched D．forgot
11．A．water B．air C．cloud D．rain
12．A．taught B．lent C．changed D．brought
13．A．connect B．solve C．plan D．touch
14．A．hopes B．agrees C．asks D．reminds
15．A．direction B．promise C．vacation D．experience
二、阅读理解
A
You may have experienced the feeling. Your mouth feels like it is on fire. Your eyes start to water. You just
ate one of nature’s hottest foods—the chili pepper (辣椒)！
Chili peppers, also called chilies, are found in dishes around the world. They are in dishes like Indian curries
(咖喱), Thai tom yum soup (冬阴功), and Mexican enchiladas (卷饼). Chilies are fiery because they contain
something called capsaicin (辣椒素).
Capsaicin is very good for your health. It helps you breathe better, and it may even help keep you fit.
Capsaicin makes you feel less hungry. It also makes your body burn more fat.
Eating chilies can be uncomfortable, but some people love to eat them. Anandita Dutta Tamuly, a woman
from India, became famous for eating chilies. She ate 51 hot peppers in just two minutes! The peppers were Naga
Jolokia (ghost peppers). They grow in India and are one of the hottest chilies in the world.
“I found eating chilies was a great way to stay healthy,” said Tamuly. She began eating chilies when she was
a child. She eats chilies when she doesn’t feel well too. “Every time I have a cold or flu, I just eat some chilies and
I feel better. To be honest, I hardly notice them now.”
16．What does the underlined word “fiery” mean?
A．Sweet. B．Salty. C．Fresh. D．Hot.
17．What is the purpose of Paragraph 3?
A．To advise us not to eat too many chilies.
B．To show chilies are the hottest food.
C．To explain how chilies are good for us.
D．To explain why eating chilies is uncomfortable.
18．Which of the following is NOT true about Anandita Dutta Tamuly?
A．She thought eating chilies was good for health.
B．She started eating chilies when she was a child.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司C．She became famous for eating Chinese chilies.
D．She eats chilies when she doesn’t feel well.
19．What’s the structure of this text? (① = Paragraph 1…)
A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②③④/⑤
C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤
20．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The kinds of hot chili peppers.
B．The ways of planting hot chili peppers.
C．The reasons why people don’t like chili peppers.
D．The taste and health benefits (好处) of chili peppers.
B
Everyone may have problems, and they may make you sad. But do you know how to solve them? 21
★Talk, talk, talk.
When you have problems, it’s important to talk about them. 22 You’ll feel better.
★Do something to relax.
23 Such as going shopping or watching your favorite movies.
★ 24
Having a problem? It’s easy for you to think of bad things and feel sad. Try to think about great things in
your life. They can help you a lot.
★Write it down.
Write down your thoughts (想法). It can help you to think about what you should do. 25
★Show your feelings.
If you are sad, just cry out. Don’t hide (隐藏) your feelings. It’s not good for your health.
A．Think about great things.
B．Stop being angry with yourself.
C．Here are some ways to help you.
D．When you look back, you’ll find you’re the best.
E．If you have problems, try to do something to relax.
F．Find someone you trust and talk about your problems with him.
三、短文填空
阅读下面材料，按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词
的正确形式填空，每空不超过两个单词。
Do you like chicken soup? Do you know 26 to make delicious chicken soup? I 27
(make) it last Sunday. Let me tell you! Chicken soup is a kind of traditional 28 (China) food. It is very
delicious and it’s good for 29 (we) health. And I think it’s easy to cook it. If you follow my 30
(step), you can enjoy the delicious chicken soup. First, you need a pot. Clean the pot and pour eight big bowls of
water 31 the pot. Heat (加热) it as you do other things for 32 (cook). You will need some
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司chicken, carrots, salt and pepper. Cut up 33 chicken and carrots. When the water boils (煮沸), put the
chicken into the pot. Wait for 20 minutes and add the carrots. Cook for one hour, and then add salt and pepper.
34 (final), pour out the chicken soup into bowls. Don’t eat it at once (立即), 35 it’s too hot! You
can enjoy it five minutes later.
根据所给材料，提取信息，完成思维导图
I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. It’s not
enough to just get good grades at school. Children these days depend on their parents too much. They’re always
asking, “Could you get this for me?” or “Could you help me with that?” Doing chores helps to develop children’s
independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. It also helps them to understand the idea of fairness.
Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it
clean and tidy. Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had no idea how to take care
of himself. As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it
is for their future.
1． 2． 3． 4． 5．
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司
