Passage 1村超国际足球赛：从贵州乡土到世界赛场

体裁：新闻报道（中国时事·非科技）　词数：约 375　难度：★★★☆（对标 C 篇中难偏上）

原文（先做后看解析；仅真超纲词就近标注，猜词目标词加粗，其余请语境自猜）

During the National Day holiday, the third edition of the Guizhou Village Super League（村超·乡村超级联赛） international football tournament kicked off in Rongjiang County, in the southeast of Guizhou Province. What began as a local pastime has drawn players from 36 countries and regions — Brazil, Britain, Cambodia and Malaysia among them — who shared the same pitch with homegrown amateur teams. The event's appeal lies precisely in its grassroots（草根的） character: no gatekeepers, no star salaries, just a genuine love of the game.

The final on the evening of October 6 drew tens of thousands of spectators. The Guangdong Gaoyao Chengjun side opened the scoring with a tidy move, before the Brazilian Galaxy United side equalised with patient passing; after 90 minutes the two teams were locked at 1–1. A penalty shoot-out decided it, and Galaxy United eventually lifted the trophy by 5–4. Beyond the scoreline, what stayed with the crowd was the carnival atmosphere — drums, songs and a sense that football had become a shared language.

Rongjiang has long embraced an open style of hosting. The league has grown from a rural calling card into a platform that showcases the vibrancy of China's countryside and serves as a bridge for cultural exchange. Football, locals say, is simply the medium; what travels with it is friendship, music and a willingness to meet the unfamiliar. Visitors taste local food, watch intangible-heritage performances and leave with stories rather than souvenirs.

The event's pull on the local economy has been striking. Between October 1 and 7, the county received 582,900 visits, up 5.5 percent from a year earlier, and tourism earnings reached 665 million yuan, up 6.6 percent. Small stalls, family guesthouses and weekend markets all felt the lift. Officials describe the model as "event-driven consumption," in which a single tournament quietly rewires how a county presents itself to the outside world.

Rongjiang is not alone in discovering this logic. Border towns such as Erenhot in Inner Mongolia used holiday competitions — a Mongol horse league and an international horse-archery masters event — to attract riders from 23 countries and regions, 34,400 visitors and 40.37 million yuan in revenue. The slogan "host one event, energise one city" is proving more than a slogan: a lucrative（利润丰厚的） lesson in how culture and sport, together, can open a small place to the world.

题目（Q1–Q4）

1. Which of the following best shows the wider impact of the Village Super League beyond the football pitch?A. It has replaced China's professional football leagues in terms of popularity.B. The tournament was limited to players from China's coastal cities.C. Matches were broadcast exclusively to audiences living outside Guizhou.D. It has boosted local tourism and become a platform for cultural exchange.
2. What can be inferred about why the event attracts participants from dozens of countries?A. Foreign teams were required to join by a national sports policy.B. The prize money far exceeds that of established professional tournaments abroad.C. Its grassroots, open and inclusive spirit speaks across cultural boundaries.D. Retired professional footballers were the main group invited to take part.
3. The word "vibrancy" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. lively energy and vitalityB. a formal set of competition rulesC. the physical size of a sports stadiumD. a type of traditional local food
4. What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?A. To argue that football should replace school sports.B. To criticise professional leagues for ignoring rural areas.C. To compare Chinese and Brazilian methods of player training.D. To show how a rural grassroots event can grow into a bridge for exchange and local growth.

逐题解析

Q1 答案：D

正确原因：跨段综合细节题。第3段 "a platform that showcases the vibrancy of China's countryside and serves as a bridge for cultural exchange" 与第4段 "boosted local tourism... tourism earnings reached 665 million yuan" 共同支撑 D（提振当地旅游并成为文化交流平台）。需综合两段而非单段字面检索。

干扰项：A 无中生有（文中未说取代职业联赛）；B 与第1段"36个国家和地区参与、贵州为内陆"矛盾（以偏概全＋事实错位）；C 无中生有（未提"仅在省外播出"）。

Q2 答案：C　★踮脚

正确原因：推理判断题（推一步）。第1段强调"grassroots character: no gatekeepers, no star salaries"，第3段说"open style of hosting... a bridge for cultural exchange... a willingness to meet the unfamiliar"，可推知赛事靠"草根、开放、包容的精神跨越文化边界"吸引多国参与者，原文无原句。

干扰项：A 无中生有（未提国家政策强制）；B 无中生有＋夸大（未比较奖金）；D 与第1段"业余球队＋36国"事实矛盾（偷换概念）。

Q3 答案：A

正确原因：词义猜测题。上下文 "showcases the vibrancy of China's countryside and serves as a bridge for cultural exchange" 中，与"乡村""文化交流平台"并列、且被"展示"的应是正面、有生机的特质；再由第4–5段 tourism earnings、energise 等活力色彩锁定 A（生机活力）。

干扰项：B 规则、C 体育场尺寸、D 地方食物均与"展示乡村、连接文化交流"的语境无关（无中生有）。

Q4 答案：D

正确原因：推理/写作目的题。全文主线为"村超从乡土草根赛事→吸引多国参与→成为文化交流与旅游增长桥梁"（第1、3、4、5段递进），D 全面概括作者意图；A/B/C 均只取局部或歪曲。

干扰项：A 夸大（"取代所有校园体育"无据）；B 无中生有（文中未批评职业联赛）；C 以偏概全（巴西仅为决赛一例，非全文目的）。

语篇分析

体裁：新闻报道（现象引入—赛事细节—意义升华—经济效应—延伸印证 结构）。
结构骨架：第1段背景（村超开赛、36国参与、草根属性）；第2段决赛细节（点球5:4、狂欢氛围）；第3段意义（从乡土名片到文化交流桥梁）；第4段经济效应（游客58.29万、收入6.65亿）；第5段延伸（二连浩特等边城同理，"办赛热城"）。
难度提示：Q2 为踮脚推理题，答案需跨第1、3段推"精神引力"，不可在原文找原句；长难句如 "a platform that showcases... and serves as a bridge..." 含定语从句并列。

核心词汇（8–12 个，含派生词构词法）

词组 / 固定搭配

kick off 开赛，开始draw tens of thousands of 吸引数万人equalise with 凭……扳平serve as a bridge for 作为……的桥梁lift the trophy 举起奖杯boost local tourism 提振当地旅游up 5.5 percent from 较……增长 5.5%

阅读知识点

① 细节理解题——"跨段综合定位"法：高考强干扰常把单段信息包装成全文结论。Q1 的正确项 D 不在任何一句原话里，而需合并第3段"文化交流平台"与第4段"旅游收入6.65亿"两处证据，凡只盯一段的选项（B/C）必错。
② 推理判断题——"推一步"法（踮脚题）：Q2 不能选原文原词，而要从"no gatekeepers / open hosting / meet the unfamiliar"推出"开放包容精神跨越文化"，答案 C 是对行为背后动因的推断，需在原文证据上向前走一步。

练习建议：做 Q2 时先在文中圈出 grassroots、open、bridge、unfamiliar 四个词，再问自己"为什么外国人愿意来"——答案自然落在"精神共鸣"而非"奖金/政策"。

Passage 2精英制度的错觉：我们如何低估了运气

体裁：议论文（外刊·社会公平科学）　词数：约 455　难度：★★★★☆（对标 D 篇外刊高难）

原文（先做后看解析；仅真超纲词就近标注，其余请语境自猜）

We like to believe success is earned. From classroom prizes to corporate bonuses, the story we tell is comforting and simple: work hard, talent wins, and the ladder rewards merit. This meritocratic（精英制度的） faith feels fair, and it gives effort a point. Yet a strange thing happens the moment we explain our own wins — the role of chance quietly disappears from the account, as we edit the story after the fact and trim the random from our own highlight reel.

Yet a growing body of research suggests the part played by luck is routinely underestimated. In one well-known thought experiment, economists built a large simulated society in which ability was distributed evenly but chance events — being born in the right place, meeting the right mentor at the right moment, catching a trend before others — shaped who rose. The "most successful" people were rarely the most able; they were the able who happened to be fortunate. In one such simulation, ten thousand agents with identical skill were placed on a grid, and those who happened to start near early opportunities pulled ahead and seldom lost the lead. Similar patterns surface in real careers, where a few early random breaks compound into gaps that late effort cannot close. Talent explained only a small share of who ended up on top.

Psychology offers a reason the story stays lopsided. The attribution（归因） bias leads people to credit their own wins to skill and effort, while blaming others' failures on character. Protecting self-esteem, the mind quietly edits the narrative: my rise was deserved, your fall was your fault. This mental habit is soothing, yet it slowly distorts how a society judges what is fair, nudging blame onto the struggling and praise onto the lucky.

The cost is not merely personal. When communities treat fortune as irrelevant, they grow less willing to fund the schools, clinics and safety nets that compensate for unchosen disadvantage. Surveys show that people who attribute wealth mainly to effort oppose redistributive policy more strongly, reading poverty as a moral flaw rather than a roll of the dice. In studies of distributive fairness, participants who imagined success as self-made later gave smaller shares to partners described as merely unlucky. Structural inequality is then explained away, and the unlucky are left to blame themselves.

None of this means effort counts for nothing. The honest move is to hold two truths at once: preparation meets opportunity, and opportunity is unevenly distributed from birth. A humbler view — one that admits chance — points not to resignation but to better design: fairer tax systems, broader access to education, and institutions that give the unlucky a second throw. Recognising luck, oddly enough, makes the case for justice stronger, not weaker.

题目（Q5–Q8）

1. According to the text, why do people tend to attribute their success mainly to personal merit?A. A cognitive bias protects self-esteem by crediting internal causes.B. Scientific studies have proved talent alone settles the result.C. Governments require citizens to describe their wins this way.D. Luck has been shown to play no part in real careers.
2. What can be inferred about the social consequences of the meritocracy myth?A. It makes people more willing to help strangers in need.B. It proves that existing tax systems are already fair.C. It can weaken public support for policies addressing structural inequality.D. It helps the most able reach the top in the end.
3. What is the author's attitude toward the "self-made" success story?A. Unquestioning admiration for its completeness.B. Critical reflection that questions its completeness.C. Total rejection of any personal effort involved.D. Indifference, since the topic is unimportant.
4. What does the author suggest we should ultimately do?A. Abolish the systems that reward individual achievement.B. Ignore luck so that people stay motivated to work.C. Assume natural ability is meaningless in society.D. Value effort while designing fairer institutions that account for chance.

逐题解析

Q5 答案：A

正确原因：细节理解题。第3段 "The attribution bias leads people to credit their own wins to skill and effort... Protecting self-esteem, the mind quietly edits the narrative" 说明一种"保护自尊、把成功归内因"的认知偏差，对应 A。

干扰项：B 与第2段"运气作用被低估、才能只解释小部分"相反（事实错位）；C 无中生有（未提政府强制）；D 与第2段"early random breaks compound"矛盾（偷换概念）。

Q6 答案：C　★踮脚

正确原因：推理判断题（推一步）。第4段 "they grow less willing to fund... safety nets... oppose redistributive policy more strongly... Structural inequality is then explained away" 可推一步得出：精英神话会"削弱公众对解决结构性不平等政策的支持"，原文无原句。

干扰项：A 与第4段"less willing to help / 更苛责弱者"相反（反向）；B 无中生有（未说税制已公平）；D 与第2段模拟结论"最成功者常非最有才"矛盾（事实错位）。

Q7 答案：B

正确原因：主旨/态度题。全文以"我们爱相信努力至上→研究证明运气被低估→偏差扭曲公平观→代价→应同时承认努力与运气"展开，末段 "hold two truths at once / A humbler view" 表明作者对"白手起家"叙事持"批判反思、质疑其完整性"的态度，对应 B。

干扰项：A "毫无保留赞美"与全文质疑语气相反（态度错位）；C "彻底否定努力"与第5段"effort counts for nothing 错、应同时持两观点"矛盾（以偏概全）；D "漠不关心"与全文用力论证相反。

Q8 答案：D

正确原因：细节理解题。第5段 "hold two truths at once: preparation meets opportunity... design fairer tax systems, broader access to education... give the unlucky a second throw" 直接对应 D（重视努力，同时设计更公平、考量运气的制度）。

干扰项：A "废除所有奖励机制"夸大极端，文中只说"更公平设计"；B "忽略运气"与末段"admits chance"相反；C "才能无意义"与第5段"effort counts / talent explained a small share"表述矛盾（以偏概全）。

语篇分析

体裁：议论文（提出信念—研究反驳—心理机制—社会代价—辩证收束 结构）。
结构骨架：第1段提出现象（相信努力至上，运气被隐去）；第2段用模拟研究论证"运气被低估"；第3段用归因偏差解释心理机制；第4段推及社会代价（削弱再分配、苛责弱者）；第5段辩证收束（同时承认努力与运气→更公平的制度设计）。
难度提示：Q6 为踮脚推理题，需从第4段"less willing to fund... oppose redistributive policy"推"削弱对公平政策的支持"，跨句综合；长难句如 "a few early random breaks compound into gaps that late effort cannot close" 含定语从句嵌套。

核心词汇（8–12 个，含派生词构词法）

词组 / 固定搭配

attribute...to 把……归因于protect self-esteem 保护自尊grow less willing to 变得不那么愿意……account for 解释，说明（成因）hold two truths at once 同时持有两种看法design fairer institutions 设计更公平的制度explain away 把……搪塞过去（曲解掉）

阅读知识点

① 态度/主旨题——"首尾段定位＋语气词"法：Q7 抓首段"we like to believe"（看似认同）与末段"hold two truths / A humbler view / admits chance"（转折反思），可知作者并非全盘接受"白手起家"叙事，而是批判性质疑，B 为最佳；含极端全盘肯定/否定（A、C、D）的选项皆偏离文中"平衡两观点"的语气。
② 推理题——"从句群到段落主旨推一步"法（踮脚题）：Q6 不能选第4段原词，而要把"less willing to fund safety nets / oppose redistributive policy / inequality explained away"综合推成"削弱对公平政策的支持"，属跨句综合推断，需通读整段再归纳。

练习建议：做议论文推理题，先用笔在第4段划出所有"负面后果"表述，再找它们的共同上位概念——往往就是正确答案。

七选五把阳台变成小花园：都市人的园艺入门

体裁：说明/指导（人与自我·生活方式）　词数：约 320　难度：★★★☆（逻辑衔接·段落主旨）

原文（从 A–G 中选出 5 个句子填入 1–5 空，有 2 项多余）

City life leaves little room for nature. Apartments rarely come with a plot of earth, and busy weeks leave little time for escapes to the countryside. Yet a balcony — however narrow — can become a green refuge that greets you each morning with a changed mood. You do not need a yard or any special training to begin, and you do not need a large budget either. A few pots, some soil and a little curiosity are enough to start. (1)______

Most beginners rush to buy plants they have seen in magazines, only to watch them fade within a month. The mistake is plain: they choose with the eyes rather than with the light. A south-facing space will suit sun-lovers such as tomatoes and geraniums; a shaded corner calls for different choices altogether, since weak light favours foliage over flowers. Matching the plant to the place, rather than the place to the plant, spares you the most common frustration. (2)______

This practical first step keeps early failure low and your confidence high. Once the right conditions are clear, the next question is simply what kind to begin with. Resist the urge to fill the space at once; a cautious start prevents the disappointment that pushes most people to quit. (3)______

They reward small care with quick, visible growth, which is exactly what a newcomer needs to stay interested. A basil plant on the windowsill can teach more in a single month than a shelf of gardening books. (4)______

Gardening, done this way, is less a task than a daily conversation with living things. You learn to read leaves the way others read messages, noticing a droop before it becomes a crisis. Over weeks, the plants quietly train your attention, pulling it away from screens and back to something that grows regardless of the news. (5)______

And the learning never really stops — every season teaches something new about light, water and patience, and the balcony slowly becomes a small classroom you never stop attending.

题目（七选五，1–5）

1. A. Pick plants that fit your light, not the ones you merely wish you could grow.
2. B. Build a simple rhythm: check the soil, water when needed, and watch what thrives or quietly fails.
3. C. The first move is to notice how many hours of sunlight your balcony actually gets, because that single fact decides almost everything else.
4. D. Buying the most expensive tools is the fastest way to build a perfect garden.
5. E. Start with hardy, forgiving types such as herbs, succulents（多肉植物） or leafy greens that survive the occasional missed watering.
6. F. In time, this little patch turns into a steady source of calm you can return to each evening.
7. G. Professional landscapers should be hired before any plant is chosen.

逐题解析

空 (1) 答案：C

正确依据：空前说"不需要院子或专业训练就能开始"，空后第2段立刻讲"朝南/背阴"的光照选择，C（先弄清阳台每日光照时长，因这一事实决定一切）正是承上启下的第一步，且 "sunlight" 与下段 "south-facing / shaded" 形成指代衔接。

干扰项：D（买最贵工具）与全文"从简开始"基调矛盾且逻辑突兀；G（先雇园艺师）与空前"无需专业训练"直接冲突。

空 (2) 答案：A

正确依据：空前讲光照差异（朝南/背阴），A（按光照选植物，而非按愿望选）紧接"光照决定选择"的逻辑，且 "fit your light" 回指上句 sun-lovers / shaded corner，衔接自然。

干扰项：E 讲"选易养品种"，应在确定植物类别之后，放此处跳步；B 讲"日常节奏"，属更后的养护阶段。

空 (3) 答案：E

正确依据：空前 "This keeps early failure low" 的 "This" 指代 A 的"按光选种"，E（从耐寒易活的多肉、香草开始）顺势给出具体做法，且 "forgiving / survive missed watering" 与空后 "reward small care" 呼应。

干扰项：F（久而久之变成平静源泉）是结果总结，应置文末；B 未衔接"降低失败"这一过渡。

空 (4) 答案：B

正确依据：空前 "They reward small care" 讲植物回报照料，B（建立简单节奏：查土、浇水、观察枯荣）把"care"具体化为日常动作，且 "watch what thrives or fails" 与空后 "a daily conversation with living things" 语义递进。

干扰项：C 已用于(1)，不能重复；G 与"无需专家"冲突。

空 (5) 答案：F

正确依据：空前把园艺比作"与生命的每日对话"，F（久而久之这小块地成为每晚可回归的平静之源）收束全篇、点出情感收益，且 "In time / each evening" 与末段 "every season" 形成时间递进，位于文末总结位置恰当。

干扰项：D、G 为多余项（逻辑/态度不符）；A、B、C、E 均已填入前文。

语篇分析

体裁：说明/指导类（问题引入—分步建议—情感收束 结构）。
结构骨架：引入（都市缺自然→阳台可成绿洲）→ 建议1 看光照(C) → 建议2 按光选种(A) → 建议3 选易活种(E) → 建议4 建日常节奏(B) → 收束（宁静源泉 F）。五空呈"步骤递进＋首尾呼应"逻辑。
难度提示：踮脚点在(3)——需识别 "This keeps early failure low" 中 This 指代 A 的"按光选种"而非泛泛的"开始"，再判 E 为具体化；长难句如 "Start with hardy, forgiving types such as herbs, succulents or leafy greens that survive the occasional missed watering" 含定语从句。

核心词汇（5–8 个，含派生词构词法）

词组 / 固定搭配

leave little room for 给……留很少空间turn into 变成call for 需要，要求fit your light 适合你的光照条件survive the occasional missed watering 挺过偶尔的漏浇return to 回到in time 久而久之

阅读知识点

① 七选五——"指代与复现"衔接法：七选五正确项常与上下文有显性衔接词。如(1)选 C，因下段 "south-facing / shaded" 复现 C 的 "sunlight"；(3)选 E，因空前 "This keeps early failure low" 的 This 回指 A 的"按光选种"，E 顺势具体化。做题先找空前后句的名词/代词复现。
② 七选五——"步骤顺序"逻辑法：本文为"入门步骤"型，五空呈 看光→选种→选易活→建节奏→得宁静 的递进。凡打乱顺序（如把总结句 F 提前、把雇佣专家 G 插入）都会破坏"从简到收"的脉络。

练习建议：先通读抓"总—分—总"骨架，把 7 选项按"引入/步骤/总结"分堆，再逐空匹配衔接词，最后用多余项反向验证。