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【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单（讲案）
专题28 2024年全国甲卷词汇二次开发+真题语料单句填空100例
(词性转换+识词知意+高频短语+单句填空) 解析版
目录
第一部分：词性转换（60 例） P1
第二部分：识词知意（76 例） P 3
第三部分：高频短语（97 例） P 5
第四部分：单句填空（100 例） P 8
第一部分：词性转换60例
阅读理解A篇
1. artist n. 艺术家 →artistic adj. 艺术的，艺术家的
2. creative adj. 创造性的 → creativity n. 创造力，独创性
3. demonstrate vt. 演示 →demonstration n 演示，示范；
4. recreation n. 消遣；娱乐 →recreational adj消遣的，娱乐的；
5. instruct vt. 指导 →instructor n. 教练，导师
阅读理解B篇
1. danger n. 危险 →dangerous adj 危险的；
2. height n 高度 →heighten vt. 使提高；
3. impress vt.留印象 →impressive adj 令人赞叹的；
4. adore vt 爱慕 →adorable adj 可爱的，讨人喜爱的；
5. appropriate adj. 恰当的 →appropriately adv恰当地；
6. immediate adj. 立即的 →immediately adv. 立即；立刻；
7. survive vi 幸存 →survival n. 幸存；
8. strange adj 奇怪的 →strangely adv. 奇怪地。
阅读理解C篇
1. medicine n. 药物 →medical adj.药物的；
2. center n. 中心；焦点 →central adj. 中心的；中央的；处于中心的；
3. east n. 东方；东部 →eastern adj. 东方的；向东的；东方国家的；
4. prescribe vt. 开处方 →prescription n. 处方；5. photograph vt.摄影 →photographer n. 摄影师；
6. modern adj. 现代的 →modernization n. 现代化，现代化的事物；
7.finance v.提供资金 n. 资金 →financial adj. 财政的，财务的；金融的；有钱的；
8. arrive vi 到达 →arrival n. 到达；
9. fuel vt. 加燃料 →refuel v 补充燃料，加油；
10. region n.行政区域 →regional adj. 地区的，区域的；
11. equip vt. 提供 →equipment n. 设备；
12. assist vt. 协助 →assistant n. 助手；
13. appreciate vt. 感激;欣赏 →appreciative adj感激的；
14. doubt n. 怀疑 →doubtful adj怀疑的；
15. caution n. 谨慎 →cautious adj谨慎的。
阅读理解D篇
1. end vt 结束 → ending n.结尾
2. traditional adj传统的 → traditionally adv.传统地
3. history n 历史 → historical adj. 与历史有关的
4. person n. 人物 → personal adj. 个人的
5. imagine vt.想象 → imagination n. 想象力
6. novel n.小说 → novelist n. 小说家
7. prefer vt. 倒宁愿 → preference n. 偏爱
阅读理解七选五
1. moderate adj.适中的 → moderation n. 适中；
2. basic adj. 基本上 → b asically adv 基本上；
3. nutrition n. 营养 →nutritious adj有营养的；
4. mind n. 思想 → mindless adj盲目的；
5. bored adj.感到厌烦的 → boredom n厌烦，厌倦，无聊；
6. lonely adj 孤单的 → loneliness n. 枯燥；
7. healthy adj健康的 → unhealthy ant.不健康的；
9. pleasant adj 愉快的 → unpleasant ant. 不愉快的；
10. digest vt. 消化 → digestive adj. 消化的。
完形填空
1. entire adj. 全部的 →entirely adv全部地，完全地；
2. close adj.靠近的 →closely adv[熟词生义]仔细地；
3. practice n. 实践 →practical adj实用的；
4. convince vt.使信服 →convinced adj确信的，坚信的；
5. regret n. 后悔 → regretful adj后悔的；
6. employment n. 就业 → unemployment n. 失业
语法填空
1.nation n 国家；民族 → national adj.国家的
2.vary vi 波动 → variety n.多样；种类
3.star n.星星 → starry adj.星光灿烂的4.bautiful adj. 美丽的 →beauty n美；美人
5.complete vt. 完成 → completion n.完成
6.promotion n. 晋升；促销 → promotional adj.促销的；推销的
7.south n. adj. 南方 → southern adj.南方的
短文改错
1. attend vt. 参加 → attendant n. 服务员
2. enjoy vt. 喜欢 → enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的，有乐趣的
第二部分：识词知意76例
阅读理解A篇
1. showcase v展示；
2. awash adj 充满的；
3. paint n 颜料；
4. trick n 技巧，诀窍；
5. works n 作品；
6. upcoming adj 即将发生; 到来的；
7. delicate adj精美的，精致的；
8. design n 图案；
9. throw v [熟词生义] 把……拉制成坯；
10. potter n 陶工；
11. masterpiece n 杰作，代表作；
12. handcraft n 手工艺品
阅读理解B篇
1. distinct adj截然不同的；
2. shelter n庇护；
3. possess v具有，拥有；
4. creature n 生物，动物；
5. vocalization n发声；
6. interpret v 理解，领会；
7. affection n喜爱，关怀；
8. stretch v 拉长；
9. soft adj 轻的，轻柔的；
10. assess v评估，评定；
11. specific adj 特定的；
12. distinguish v 区分，辨别；
13. recognize v认出，辨别出；
14. tell v [熟词生义]辨别，识别；
15. fetch v （去）拿来；
16. random adj随机的，随意的；17. present adj存在；
18. nature n 天性，本性；
阅读理解C篇
1. government-sponsored adj 由政府资助的 ；
2. queue v 排队（等候） ；
3. address v 解决，处理 ；
4. checkup n 检查，（尤指）体检 ；
5. focused adj 注意力集中的 ；
6. concerned adj 关切的，关心的 ；
7. ambiguous adj 模棱两可的，不明确的
8. reserve vt . 保留
9. function vt . 起作用
阅读理解D篇
1. junior adj 大学三年级的 ；
2. undergraduate n 本科生 ；
3. heartbroken adj 极为悲伤的，心碎的 ；
4. outcome n 结果 ；
5. guarantee v 使必然发生，确保 ；
6. romance n 爱情故事 ；
7. unpredictable adj 难以预料的 ；
8. fit v 符合 ；
9. technique n 技巧 ；
10. analyze v 分析 ；
11. chapter n （书的）章、篇 ；
12. adapt v 改编 ；
13. submit v 提交 ；
14. taste n 品味，鉴赏力 ；
15. stress v[ 学术词 ] 强调
阅读理解七选五
1. full adj 吃饱了的 ；
2. overeating n 暴食 ；
3. regulate v 控制，管理 ；
4. double v （使）加倍；
5. swallow vt . 吞咽。
完形填空
1. cross-legged adv 盘腿 ；
2. the seabed n 海床，海底 ；
3. hardship n 艰难，困苦 ；
4. favor v[ 熟词生义 ] 偏袒，特别照顾 ；
5. acknowledge v 承认，（公开）感谢 ；6. awkward adj 令人尴尬的，使人难堪的 ；
7. grateful adj 感激的 ；
语法填空
1. heritage n.遗产
2. awesome adj.令人惊叹的
3. breathtaking adj.惊险的；激动人心的
4. preserve vt.保护；保存
5. vowed vt承诺
6. acre n. 英亩
短文改错
1. brochure n . 小册子
2. straight adv . 径直
3. atmosphere n . 氛围；大气层
4. dip vt . 蘸；浸
第三部分：高频短语97例
阅读理解A篇
1. look forward to doing 盼望
2. of all ages 适用于所有年龄段的人
3. make…out of… 用……做，从……得出
4. potter’s wheel 陶轮（制陶用的转轮）；
5. try one’s hand at sth尝试某事物；
6. art courses 艺术课程
7. a tourist attraction 旅游景点
阅读理解B篇
1. rely on 依赖，依靠；
2. scare away 把……吓跑；
3. keep doing 不断做某事
4. tend to do sth 倾向于做某事；
5. be brought to life 出生；
6. heightened sense 敏锐的感官；
7. look out for 当心，提防；
8. sniff out 嗅出；
9. take... up a notch 把……提高一个档次；
10. go along with 接受；
11. listen for 留心听（某种声音）；
12. check on 核实，检查
阅读理解C篇
1. the sick 病人；2. provide sb with sth 给某人提供；
3. on board 在火车上（或船上、飞机上）；
4. medical care 医疗护理；
5. in serious need of 急需；
6. struggle to do sth 努力做某事；
7. come up with 想到，提出；
8. practice medicine 行医；
9. allow for 使……有可能；
10. function as 作……用，具有……功能；
11. be heavily populated 人口密集的（ populate v 居住于）；
阅读理解D篇
1. make the most sense for 对……最为合理；
2. kind of 稍微；
3. carry much weight with sb对某人有很大影响力；
4. come from nowhere 毫无预兆地出现；
5. figure out 弄清楚；
6. break down 拆分（以便理解）；
7. stick the landing 完美落地，成功创作出故事的结尾 ；
8. be up to sb 由……决定；
9. argue for 为……辩护；
10. a matter of personal preferences个人喜好的问题；
11. be/get carried away by … 被……深深吸引
12. an aha moment… 恍然大悟的时刻
阅读理解七选五
1. take your time 不着急，慢慢来；
2. slow down 慢下来；
3. in between （时间上）在……之间；
4. at hand 在手边，在近处；
5. in moderation 有节制地，适度地；
6. at the ready 随时可用；
7. turn to sth 求助于某事物；
8. regain control over sth重新控制某事；
9. keep one’s energy up 保持精力充沛；
10. digestive system 消化系统；
11. throughout the day 一整天；
12. satisfy hunger 解饿；
13. surround oneself with sth 和某事物在一起，确保身边总有；
14. lead to doing sth 导致做某事；
15. give up on sth 对某事不再抱希望，放弃某事。
完形填空1.be busy with sth 忙于某事
2. leave sb alone 把某人单独留下
3. WWII 第二次世界大战
4. would do sth 过去常常
5. stay at home 待在家中
6. seize an opportunity 抓住机会；
7. at the far end of 在……的尽头 / 远端 ；
8. upside down 颠倒地；
9. turn out to be 原来是，结果是；
10. as always 和往常一样（as usual）；
11. by the way 顺便提一下；
12. here and now 此时此刻；
13. reflect upon 反思；
14. go through 经历；
15. come round 改变观点，拜访，苏醒；
16. come out 出现，开花，出版；
17. come alive 生动起来（come to life）
18. come true 成为现实
19. attend to 处理
20. refer to 谈到；提及；参考
21. lead to 导致；通往
22. talk to 谈话
23. compared with 和……相比
24. hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
语法填空
1. in particular 特别是
2. tend to do 往会做某事
3. catch one’s attention 引起某人注意
4. because of 因为
5. come about 发生；产生
6. do with 对付；处理
7. pay off 努力得到回报；偿还（债务）
8. two years later 两年后
短文改错
1. last week 上周
2. a one-day trip 一日游
3. a friend of mine 我的一位朋友
4. be packed with 挤满……
5. go straight to… 径直去……
6. order dishes 点菜7. taste great 尝起来很好
8. be meant for… 注定要……；目的在于
第四部分：真题语料单句填空100例
阅读理解A篇
1. Each ARTS FIRST festival is __________ unique annual __________(celebrate) of the Harvard community's
__________(artist) creativity.
2. We invite you __________(join) us for the coming ARTS FIRST.
3. We look forward to __________(welcome) you as we showcase the __________(creative) of the Harvard arts
community through __________(performance), art exhibitions and art-making activities.
4. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all __________(age).
5. Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with __________(expert) from the Harvard Art
Museums Materials Lab.
6. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks __________(use) by artists __________ works will be in the
upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.
7. From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of __________(nature) most delicate and
beautiful designs.
8. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates
dance, inspire fashion __________ create art, while __________(make) your own spineless artists out of craft
(手工艺) materials.
9. Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great __________(potter) from Quincy, Cabot and Mather
Houses for demonstrations __________(use) the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
10. Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle __________(make) pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or
pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织).
【参考答案】
1. a, celebration, artistic 2. to join 3. welcoming, creativity, performances 4. ages 5. experts 6. used,
whose 7. nature's 8. and, making 9. potters, using 10. to make
阅读理解B篇
1. Animals can express their needs ___________(use) a lot of ways.
2. ___________ instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) ___________ they rely on to either ask
for help, scare away any ___________(danger) animals ___________ look for shelter.
3. But cats are special creatures who possess ___________(amaze) vocalization skills.
4. They are able to have entire conversations with ___________(human) using meows and you're able to interpret
it.
5. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing ___________(attract) attention and find food.
6. However, when a cat is looking ___________ affection, they tend ___________(produce) stretched and soft
meows.7. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat ___________(bring) to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and
___________(feed).
8. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite___________(impress) .
9. They use their noses___________(assess) their environment and look out ___________for any signs of danger.
10. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place ___________(relax).
11. However, ___________ way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar
smells.
12. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in ___________(it) memory and use it
___________(recognize) you in the future.
13. That's ___________ most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats,
___________ they don't usually like.
14. Dogs are known ___________ their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch.
15. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring___________(they) to their owners.
16. This is a very old habit___________ has been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for
their owners___________(show) to show they love you.
17. These ___________(adore) little hunters are just doing something that it ___________(be) in their nature
since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
【参考答案】
1. using 2. For, that/which, dangerous, or 3. amazing 4. humans 5. to attract 6. for, to produce 7. is
brought, be fed 8. impressive 9. to assess 10. to relax 11. another 12. its, to recognize 13. why, which
14. for 15. them 16. that/which 17. adorable, has been
阅读理解C篇
1. The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only _________ sick.
2. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains ________ travel to remote towns in
_________(centre) and eastern Russia.
3. Each stop lasts _________ average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses _________ board
provide rural (乡村) populations _________ basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
4. “People started queuing to make an _________(appoint) early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German
_________(photograph) who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through
the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
5. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of _________(modern).
6. The government has struggled to come up with measures _________(address) the problem, particularly in the
poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including _________(arrange) doctor’s appointments by video chat and
expanding _________(finance) aid programs to motivate doctors _________(practice) medicine in remote parts
of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
7. The annual _________(arrive) of the Saint Lukas is another attempt _________(improve) the situation.
8. For 10 months every year, the train _________(stop) at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to
the _________(region) capital to refuel and restock(补给).9. Then it _________(start) all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
10. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s _________(equip) allows _________ basic checkups.
11. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants _________(work) and living in such little space but
still staying _________(focus) and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural
people _________(get) the treatment they want. ”
【参考答案】
1. the 2. that/which central 3. an, on, with 4. appointment, photographer 5. modernization 6. to
address, arranging, financial, to practice 7. arrival, to improve 8. stops, regional 9. starts 10.
equipment, for, 11. working focused, to get
阅读理解D篇
1. “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my __________(favor) college professor.
2. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an __________(dependent) study on Victorian
literature.
3. I had just finished __________(read) The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the
ending.
4. Prof. Gracie, with all his __________(patient), asked me to think about it beyond __________ I liked it or not.
5. He suggested I __________(think) about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and
endings that were right for the characters, endings that __________(satisfy) the story even if they didn’t have a
__________(traditional) positive outcome.
6. Of course, I would __________(prefer) a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they
got did make the most sense for them.
7. This was __________ aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings __________ same way again.
8. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending __________(guarantee) to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance.
9. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick __________ a mystery (悬疑小说).
10. One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, __________(history) fiction. Choosing __________ to
read became easier.
11. But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much __________(weigh)
with readers.
12. You have to balance creating an ending that's __________(predictable), but doesn’t seem to come from
__________, one that fits what’s right for the characters.
13. That’s __________ this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending
for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.
14. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks __________ six techniques you can try to see __________ one
helps you stick the landing.
15. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels __________(see) what key points they include
and how you can adapt them for your work.
16. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—but it
might provide __________ you need to get there.【参考答案】
1. favorite 2. independent 3. reading 4. patience, whether 5.(should) think, satisfied, traditionally 6.
have preferred 7. an, the 8. guaranteed 9. up 10. historical, what 11. weight 12. unpredictable,
nowhere 13. why 14. down, which 15. to see 16. what
阅读理解七选五
1. What is moderation (适度)? __________(basic), it means __________(eat) only as much food as your body
needs.
2. You should feel __________(satisfy) at the end of a meal, but not too full.
3. For many of us, moderation means eating __________(little) than we do now.
4. But it doesn't mean __________(say) saying goodbye to the foods you love.
5. Take your time. It's important __________(slow) down and think about food as something
__________(nutrition) rather than just something __________(eat) in between meetings.
6. Don't swallow a meal __________ the way to work. __________ actually takes a few minutes for your brain
to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop__________(eat) before you feel full.
7. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often
__________(lead) to __________(mind) overeating.
8. And be careful about the foods you keep __________ hand.
9. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have__________(healthy) snacks at the ready, like cookies.
Instead, surround yourself __________ healthy choices.
10. Control emotional (情绪的) eating. We don't always eat just__________(satisfy) hunger.
11. Many of us also turn __________ food to deal with __________(pleasant) emotions such as sadness,
loneliness, or __________(bore).
12. But by learning healthier ways __________(manage) emotions, you can regain control __________ the food
you eat and your feelings.
13. Eat __________(proper) throughout the day. A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢),
while __________(eat) small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day.
14. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner __________(early) and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the
next morning.
15. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active __________ giving your digestive system a long
break each day may help to regulate weight.
【参考答案】
1. Basically 2. eating 3. satisfied 4. less 5. to slow, nutritious, to eat 6. on, It, eating 7. leads, mindless
8. at 9. unhealthy, with 10. to satisfy 11. to, unpleasant, boredom 12. to manage, over 13. properly,
eating 14. earlier 15. and
完形填空
1. One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy ___________ their serious talk outside, I
___________(leave) alone in the kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes.
2. As always my grandmother ___________(tell) me stories about her childhood.3. Born just before WWII, my grandmother experienced an ___________(entire) different childhood lifestyle
from mine. She did not have a chance ___________(go) to school.
4. Like in typical families, ___________ boys were favored much more ___________ girls, my grandma had to
stay at home to do housework.
5. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to study was ___________ her brother was having Chinese
lessons with the family tutor.
6.She would sit ___________(quiet) at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ___________(close).
7. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill ___________ has turned out to be
quite ___________(practical), especially whenever we share the newspaper.
8. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother ___________(go) to the beach. There,
they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ___________breath while
they watched all action going on around them.
9. This is something I admire— her ability ___________(open) her mouth underwater and still sit
___________(comfortable) on the seabed.
10. My childhood is quite happy ___________(compare) with hers. I am grateful that I did not need to go
through the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of education.
11. I guess our different childhood background is ___________ makes my grandmother such an
___________(amaze) person to talk ___________: her stories always make my history textbooks come alive.
【参考答案】
1. with, was left 2. would tell 3. entirely, to go 4. where, than 5. when 6. quietly, closely 7.
that/which, practical 8. would go 9. to open, comfortably 10. compared 11. what, amazing, to/with
语法填空
1. Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend
__________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
2. They are __________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come
__________?
3. On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in
__________is now northwestern Wyoming.
4. They __________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in
witness of the natural beauties there.
5. What should __________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud.
6. This area, with __________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved __________
all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
7. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the __________ (complete) of their journey. Their
promotional work paid off.
8. Two years __________, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park
in the United States and the world.
9. Yellowstone was the __________ (large) United States national park - 2.2 million acres - __________Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, __________ a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national
park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【参考答案】
1.to catch 2.measures, about 3.what 4. were 5.be done 6.its, for 7.completion 8. later 9.largest, until, became
短文改错
1. Last week, I _________(see) a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV.
2. I was curious and ___________(plan) a special one-day trip there with a friend of ___________(I).
3. Our fast train ___________(pack) with passengers. ___________ attendant gave us some travel brochures
about Chongqing.
4. When we arrived, we went straight ___________ a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, ___________ tasted
great. The atmosphere there made the meal all the more ___________(enjoy).
5. Hotpot is meant ___________ families and friends to sit together, dip everything ___________they like in one
pot, and share ___________(friend) and love.
【参考答案】
1. saw 2. planned, mine 3. was packed, An 4. to, which 5. enjoyable; for, that, friendship
书面表达
1. From the vehicle of horses to ___________(today) convenient transport, Chinese transport has seen enormous
development. Chinese transport has undergone ___________(remark) transformations, giving the Chinese people
access ___________ different ways of travelling.
2. Firstly, ___________(share) bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban ___________(mobile), offering an
___________(afford) and green alternative for short trips.
3. Secondly, the ___________(introduce) of high-speed trains has ___________(dramatic) shortened travel
times, making intercity travel ___________(fast) and more comfortable.
4. Lastly, the proliferation of new energy vehicles underscores China’s ___________(dedicate) to environmental
sustainability, reducing ___________(rely) on fossil fuels.
5. These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that
___________(balance) convenience with environmental ___________(responsible).
6. In short, China’s transport system is embracing ___________(innovate) and eco-friendliness.
【参考答案】
1. today’s, remarkable, to 2. shared, mobility, affordable 3. introduction, dramatically, faster 4.
dedication, reliance 5. balances; responsibility 6. innovation
