文档内容
2024-2025 学年八年级英语下学期单元语法精讲精练（人教版）
10 现在完成时（3）
语法聚焦
1.how long 、since和for时间状语在现在完成时中的用法
2.在现在完成时中，延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法区别
语法精讲
1.how long 、since和for时间状语在现在完成时中的用法
（1）询问“多长时间”的疑问词用 how long，意为“多长时间”，是对一段时间或物体的长
度进行提问。在现在完成时中，常对“since…”或“for…”进行提问。（注意谓语动词必须是延
续性动词，如遇到非延续性动词，则要换成对应的延续性动词）
典型例句：
①A: How long have you lived here? 你们在这里住了多长时间了？
B: Since2005. 自2005年以来。
②A: How long has he been a soldier? 他参军多长时间了？
B: For three years. 三年了。
（2）for表示时间的持续，后接一段时间，指某个动作或情况到现在为止持续了多久。
（3）since意为 自从 ，作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句。指某个动作或情况从过去某一时
间一直持续到现在。它有三种用法：
①since+ 时间段+ago；
②since+时间点；
③since+从句，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时（4）for和since二者在句中可以转换。
for+一段时间=since+过去的时间点.
典型例句：
①My uncle has worked here for ten years.
②My uncle has worked here since ten years ago.
③My uncle has worked here since 2006.
④My uncle has worked here since he came here.
⑤My uncle has been in this company for one month.
2.在现在完成时中，延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法区
延续性动词与非延续性动词
在英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式和过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
延续性动词 非延续性动词
非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间性动
概 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作
词 或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动
念 可以长时间延续下去或产生持久影响
作，这种动作发生后立即结束
举 learn,work,lie,know,walk,keep,have, open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,
例 wait,watch,sing,read,sleep等 reach,get to,leave,move,borrow,buy等
延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，可与表示 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作的完
“时间段”的状语连用。如：I have learned E 成，
nglish since I came here.我 因此也可用于现在完成时。如：
自从来到这儿就开始学英语了。 The train has arrived.火车已经到了。
用
法
延续性动词不能与表示“时间点”的状语 非延续性动词在现在完成时的肯定句中不
连用。如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动 可与表示"时间段"的状语连用；但在现在
作，可以借助come,begin,get等非延续性 完成时的否定句中，可与表示一段时间的
动词。如：I got to know Jack two years ago. 状语连用。如：
我是两年 He has left here since 1986. (误)前认识杰克的。 He hasn't left here since 1986. (正)
【注意】常见的表示“时间段”的状语有 for短语和since短语等，for+时间段； since+过去的时间
点；since + 段时间 ago；since + 一般过去时的句子
例如：for two years,since last year,since2023
2. 非延续性动词如何与表示“时间段”的状语连用？
非延续性动词不能与表示“时间段”的状语连用。如：He has died for three years.（误）。
那么，
应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的4种方法:
（1）将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词。如：He has been dead for three years.
非延续性动词或词组 延续性动词或词组
leave be away
borrow keep
buy have
begin/start be on
die be dead
finish be over
join be in/be a member of
open/close be open/closed
fall ill be ill
become be
catch a cold have a cold
fall asleep be asleep
arrive in(at)/reach/get to be in/at
（2）用句型“It is+时间段+since …”表达原意。如：It is three years since he died.
（3）用句型“时间段+has passed+since …”表达原意。如：Three years has passed since hedied.
语法专练
一、单项选择题。
1．—Where is Ben?
—He ________ Hong Kong. He ________ Hong Kong three times before.
A．has been to；has gone to B．has gone to；has been to
C．has been to；has been to D．has gone to；has gone to
2．—How long have you ________ the dictionary?
—For two weeks.
A．had B．bought C．borrowed D．got
3．We have been in China ________ three years. We like it very much.
A．in B．since C．for D．during
4．Linda a lot since I saw her last time
A．has changed B．willchange C．is changing D．changed
5．—Are you sure Mary can talk in French?
—Yes. She has learned French _______ three years.
A．during B．from C．in D．for
6．She ________ her hometown since she was 18 years old. She told me she would return soon.
A．has left B．has been away from C．left D．went away
7．— I saw Alice walk into that building just now.
— Oh, it’s our new city museum. It ________ to the public for a month.
A．has been opened B．has been open C．has opened
8．I saw Julia in April and I ________ her since then.
A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．won’t see D．haven’t seen9．—Peter, you speak Chinese so well.
—Thank you. I ________ Chinese since I came here in 2013.
A．will learn B．learned C．have learned D．learn
10．—How long ______ your brother ______ this camera? —For two weeks.
A．have; boughtB．have; had C．has; had D．has; bought
11．William Shakespeare ______ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today.
A．died B．was dying
C．has died D．has been dead
12．We have been expecting Rio 2016 Olympics _________ the Olympic flame(圣火) was lit.
A．if B．unless C．since D．though
13．There _________ great changes in such kind of PDAs（掌上电脑）in the last few years.
A．has been B．have been C．has had D．have had
14．My sister has learnt English ________.
A．for twelve years ago B．since she was four
C．twelve years ago D．at the age of four
15．I ________ this bike for three years. I like it so much.
A．bought B．had C．have bought D．have had
16．—Why are you in such a hurry?
—Because the class ________ for 10 minutes.
A．has been on B．has begun C．is on D．begins
17．China ________ great achievements in science and technology since 1978.
A．makes B．made C．has made D．is made
18．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.
A．was workingB．is working C．has worked D．will work19．He speaks English very well because he_________ in the US for 20 years.
A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．had lived
20．—Jenny, when did you move here?
—I ________ here for three years.
A．lived B．moved C．have moved D．have lived
二、按要求完成句子。
1．Tony has learned to skate since he was eight. (对画线部分提问)
Tony learned to skate?
2．Kate’s uncle has taught history for 5 years. (改为同义句)
Kate’s uncle has taught history .
3．Hurry up! The movie began ten minutes ago. (改为同义句)
Hurry up! The movie for ten minutes.
4．Sophie’s grandparents got married sixty years ago. (改为同义句)
Sophie’s grandparents for sixty years.
5．The old man died two months ago. (改为同义句)
The old man for two months.
6．David and his family moved to Shanghai four months ago. (改为同义句)
David and his family have lived in Shanghai .
7．The new library opened last month. I haven’t been there. (合并为一句)
The new library since one month ago, but I haven’t been there
.
8．Clare is Ms. Fang’s student. He learned from Ms. Fang nine weeks ago. (合并为一句)
Clare Ms. Fang’s students nine weeks.
9．I have told them the good news. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答）
— you them the good news?—Yes, .
10．She began to teach Chinese in our school in 2000. （改为同义句）
She Chinese in our school since 2000.
11．He has visited the city of Beijing. (改为反意疑问句)
He has visited the city of Beijing, ?
12．His grandfather died 5 years ago. （改为同义句）
His grandfather for 5 years.
13．I bought the dictionary last year. （改为同义句）
I have the dictionary one year.
14．I joined the swimming club in 2012.
I the swimming club since 2012.
15．Ms. Tao left Beijing three months ago.
Ms. Tao Beijing for three months.
16．I have been like this for two days. (改为同义句)
I have been like this two days .
17．The clothes feel soft.(对画线部分提问)
do the clothes ?
18．My grandpa has been in excellent condition since he began to exercise. (对划线部分提问)
has your grandpa been in excellent condition?
19．My mother has already swept the floor. (改为否定句)
My mother swept the floor .
20．Kate has been working here for five years.（对画线部分提问）
has Kate working here?
三、选词填空用for，since填空
1．He has lived in Nanjing the year before last.
2．I’ve known him we were children.
3．Our teacher has studied Japanese three years.
4．It’s about ten years she left the city.
5．We have learned five lessons the beginning of this term.
6．I have stayed at my aunt’s two weeks.
7．He has been a teacher twenty years.
8．Tom has been away a week ago.
链接中考
短文填空。
Dear Lucy,
How is everything in London? I 1 (not see) you for so long. I miss you very much. Since last
summer I 2 (stay) in Beijing, China.
Last month I 3 (start) to learn Chinese. So far I 4 (learn) fifty Chinese words but I
keep 5 (forget) them. I think it’s hard to learn Chinese but my sister Linda doesn’t think so. She
6 (begin) to learn Chinese already. She started it last Tuesday. So far, she 7 (remember) forty
Chinese words. Linda only 8 (practice) Chinese for an hour a day.
However, I spend five hours 9 (practice) Chinese. Her Chinese is better than mine. I feel
very sad. Since last night I 10 (spend) all my time practicing Chinese. If I do that every night,
I’m sure I will be able to use Chinese freely.
Yours
Joe
