文档内容
2024-2025 学年八年级英语下学期单元语法精讲精练（人教版）
08 现在完成时（1）
语法聚焦
1. 现在完成时的用法
2. 现在完成时的句式变化
3. 过去分词的变化规则
语法精讲
1. 现在完成时的用法
(1) 定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；或表示过去某一时间开
始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态(有可能持续下去)。如：
It has just snowed. 刚刚下过雪。(地上有积雪)
She has taught in the school for ten years. 她在这所学校教书已经 10 年了。（有可能继续教下
去）
(2) 谓语动词：have / has+过去分词
(3) 时间标志词：for+时间段，since+表示过去的时间点，already(用于肯定句中),yet(用于否定
句和疑问句中)，just，before，recently，still，lately，these years，up to now，so far，in / over /
during the last / past few months等。2. 现在完成时的句式变化
句 式 结 构 举 例
肯定句 主语，have /has,过去分词，其他. He has had dinner.他吃过晚饭了。
He hasn't had dinner.他还没有吃晚
否定句 主语+haven't/hasn't +过去分词+其他.
饭。
Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他? —Has he had dinner?他吃过晚饭了吗?
一般疑问句 肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has. —Yes,he has.是的，他吃过了。
否定回答：No,主语+haven't/hasn't. —No,he hasn't.不，他还没吃。
3. 过去分词的变化规则
（1）规则动词的过去分词构成与其过去式的构成相同
变化规则 举 例
一般情况下在词尾加-ed help→helped→helped
以不发音的e结尾的，加-d decide→decided→decided
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节单词，双写该辅
stop→stopped→stopped
音字母再加-ed
以"辅音字母+y"结尾的，变y为i,再加- ed carry→carried→carried
(2)不规则动词的过去分词构成见教材P136～137
语法专练
一、单项选择题。
1．Lily borrowed a book from Jerry and ________ it back to him already.
A．gives B．gave
C．has given D．will give
2．—________ you________ the play Wotou Guild Hall yet?
—Yes. I ________ it with Jason the other day.A．Have; watched; watched
B．Did; watch; watched
C．Have; watched; have watched
D．Did; watch; have watched
3．—________ have you stayed in China?
—About two years.
A．How often B．How many C．How soon D．How long
4．—The poster says Iron Man 3 will be on this evening. Let’s go and see it.
—But I ________ it.
A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see
5．—Have you had lunch _______?
—Yes, I have _______ had it.
A．yet; yet B．already; already C．yet; already D．already; yet
6．I’m so glad that I nearly half of the test now.
A．finish B．finished C．will finish D．have finished
7．—The book is popular. ________ you ________ it yet?
—Yes, I have.
A．Are; reading B．Were; reading C．Have; read D．Will; read
8．— The air here is much fresher than before.
—Exactly! We ______ a lot of trees in the past few years.
A．planted B．were planting C．have planted D．will plant
9．Corn production ______ nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years in China.
A．jumped B．jumps C．will jump D．has jumped
10．—I have seen the film We Are All Fighters against the COVID-19. What about you, Peter?—Oh. I __________ it last week.
A．have seen B．see C．saw D．will see
11．—Are your parents still living in the countryside?
—No, they ________ to Wuhan.
A．move B．will move C．moved D．have moved
12．— your sister Oliver Twist?
—Sorry, I don′t know.
A．Have; read B．Has; read C．Is; read D．Does; reads
13．–When will you give the novel back to me?
–Sorry, I ______ it. How about Friday?
A．didn’t finish B．won’t finish C．haven’t finished D．don’t finish
14．My father in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about pandas.
A．was workingB．is working C．has worked D．will work
15．—Have you got the letter from your pen pal?
—Not ________.
A．all B．yet C．ever D．much
16．—Jack, would you like to see the movie Lion King with me?
—It’s an interesting film, but I ________ it.
A．see B．will see C．have seen D．saw
17．—John, I ________ your father for a long time.
—He is working in Chongqing now.
A．don’t see B．haven’t seen C．won’t see D．didn’t see
18．—Dave , we will leave in 10 minutes . Are you ready?
—No , I our guide book and towels yet .A．don’t pack B．didn’t pack C．have packed D．haven’t packed
19．She has ________ finished her lunch, but she hasn’t washed her bowls ________.
A．already; yet B．just; already C．already; just D．just; just
20．—Have you washed your clothes ______?
—No, I haven’t. But I have cleaned the room _______.
A．ago; already B．yet; yet
C．before; yet D．yet; already
21．I have read Robinson Crusoe ________ , but I haven’t read Tom Sawyer________.
A．already; already B．yet; yet C．yet; already D．already; yet
22．They haven’t found the missing plane ________.
A．already B．just C．yet D．either
23．—Have you cleaned the room ______________?
—Yes, I have. I have ______________ cleaned it up.
A．already；already B．yet；yet
C．already；yet D．yet；already
24．—Why are you still here? It’s so late.
—Because I ________ my work.
A．didn’t finish B．wouldn’t finish C．haven’t finished D．won’t finish
25．— What are you going to do this weekend?
— I yet.
A．haven’ t decided B．won’ t decide
C．have decided D．didn’ t decide
二、用单词正确形式填写。
1．Sandy borrowed the novel from the library last week and (keep) it for 5 days.2．Uncle Chen （repair）more than five bicycles since last Friday.
3．The writer is so popular that he (sell) more than 200,000 books so far.
4．This novel is very interesting. My brother （read）it three times.
5．He has the most beautiful blue eyes I have ever .（see）
6．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it (change) a lot over the years.
7．— you (clean) the room?
—Yes, we (do) that already.
—When you (do) it?
—We (do) it an hour ago.
8．—How many times you (be) here?
—Once.
9．I (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
10．—She (go) to Paris, hasn’t she?
—Yes.
—How she (go) there?
—She (go) there by air.
11．Mr. Chen (give) up smoking last year.
12．He (keep) the book since two days ago.
13．Have you ever (write) a novel?
14．Singer is the most popular program that I (see) so far.
三、按要求完成句子。
1．Sam has already turned off the light in his room.(改为否定句)
Sam off the light in his room .
2．My father has taken the cat to the animal hospital.(改为一般疑问句)the cat to the animal hospital?
3．Tim has decided to play the piano in the art show.(对画线部分提问)
Tim to do in the art show?
4．Have you had your dinner?(作否定回答)
, .
5．He has already finished the work. （改为否定句）
He finished the work .
6．She has already come back from Hong Kong.（改为一般疑问句）
she come back from Hong Kong ?
7．The children have never done that before.（改为反意疑问句）
The children have never done that before, ?
8．I have waited for the bus for twenty minutes.（对划线部分提问）
have you waited for the bus?
9．Has Tina arrived in London yet?（作否定回答）
, .
四、用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1．I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2．Jack has finished his homework.
3．Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.
4．—Have you seen the film?
—No, I have seen it.
5．—Has the bus left ?
—Yes, it has left.
6．—Has Mike come ?—Yes. He has been here for 15 minutes.
7．Xiao Jing has bought a new computer.
8．I have seen the film, so I know nothing about it.
9．Have you been to an overseas country?
10．They haven’t found their missing dog .
11．—Have you seen the film?
—No, I have seen it.
12．I think the bed hasn’t been sold .
13．—Has Li Ming received the invitation ?
—No, he hasn’t got it . But I know Mr. Zhao has got it.
14．—Have you finished your homework ?
—Yes, I’ve just finished it.
链接中考
（1）
根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
Hello, I’m Peter. One day when I went by the park, I saw Lucy, Lily and Cathy. Lucy and Lily are
twins. Cathy is my sister. They 1 (walk) in the park. I wanted to play with them but I was
afraid that they didn’t speak to me, because I had a fight with them a few days ago. So I hid (藏)
behind a tree and watched them. While I 2 (watch) them, suddenly a cat ran down the tree.
The three girls were shocked. After a while they calmed down (平静下来). Then they 3
(begin) to talk about their dreams.
Lucy said, “I 4 (become ) a famous doctor when grow up.” While Lily 5 (talk)
about her dream, something else happened. A small boy ran to therm. While he 6 (run), he fell
down. Mary stopped talking. All of us 7 (go) to help the boy. He was hurt badly. When we
8 (discuss) which hospital we would take him to, the boy’s mother arrived. Without sayinganything, she 9 (call) 120 for help. While all of us 10 (wait ) for help, another
accident happened. What happened? A pig appeared.
（2）
阅读短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。
The Secret Garden is a long novel written by an American writer Burnett. This novel came out in
1911. And then it 1 (be) popular for more than 100 years already.
Mary, the main character, is bad-tempered (坏脾气的) so that few children want to make friends
with her. When Mary is ten, her parents die. So she 2 (move) to England and lives with her
uncle’s family. In the big and dark house, she always feels lonely and sad. One day, Mary finds a key
to a closed garden by accident. And her life 3 (change) a lot ever since then. She becomes
more friendly to her friends and finally the friendship heals (治愈) everyone in the house.
I 4 (buy) the book five years ago. It is still one of my favorites on my bookshelf. Although
I 5 (read) it many times, it can still bring me wonderful feelings every time I take it up. I
believe everyone has a secret garden in his heart, and we should open it and let the sunshine in when
we are sad.
