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3 10 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
专题十 主旨要义
A 组 统一命题·课标全国卷题组
Passage1(2021全国乙,C) 词数309 学生用书P158 B.To explain why they are useful.
C.To voice his views on modern art.
Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans between
— D.To find a substitute for them.
. and . million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year.
48 127 3.What effect would Truckload of Plastic have on viewers
But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference “ ” ?
? A.Calming. B.Disturbing.
Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He
C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.
builds massivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage forcingviewers
, 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
to re⁃examine their relationship to single⁃use plastic products. ?
A.Artists Opinions on Plastic Safety
At the beginning of the year the artist built a piece called
,
B.Media Interest in Contemporary Art
Strawpocalypse a pair of ⁃foot⁃tall plastic waves frozen
“ ,” 10 ,
C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
mid⁃crash. Made of plastic straws collected from
168,000
D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
several volunteer beach cleanups the sculpture made its first
, 答案
appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh
1.C
City Vietnam.
,
Just % of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws
2.A
9
are by no means the biggest source 来源 of plastic pollution
3.B
( ) ,
but theyve recently come under fire because most people dont
4.D
need them to drink with and because of their small size and
, Passage2(2021全国甲,D) 词数314 学生用书P158
weight they cannot be recycled. Every straw thats part of Von
,
Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for Who is a genius This question has greatly interested
?
only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone the straw will take humankind for centuries.
,
centuries to disappear. Lets stateclearly Einsteinwasagenius. Hisfaceisalmost
:
In a piece from Von Wong wanted to illustrate 说 the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond
2018, (
明 a specific statistic Every seconds a truckloads worth one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that
) : 60 ,
of plastic enters the ocean. For this work titled Truckload some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the
, “
of Plastic Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected rest of us And who are they
,” ? ?
more than pieces of plastic which were then tied In the sciences and arts those praised as geniuses were
10,000 , ,
together to look like theyd been dumped 倾倒 from a truck most often white men of European origin. Perhaps this is not a
( ) ,
all at once. surprise. Itssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors andthose
,
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When
companies to reduce their plastic footprint. contributions were made by geniuses outside the club women
— ,
1.What are Von Wongs artworks intended for or people of a different color or belief they were
? —
A.Beautifying the city he lives in. unacknowledged and rejected by others.
B.Introducing eco⁃friendly products. A study recently published by Science found that as young
C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. as age six girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersof
,
D.Reducing garbage on the beach. their gender 性别 are really really smart. Even worse the
( ) “ , ” ,
2.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph study foundthatgirlsactonthatbelief Aroundagesixtheystart
3? :
A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. to avoid activitiessaidtobe forchildrenwhoare really really
“ ,
专题十 主旨要义 3 11
smart. Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become Michael Strano a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
” ,
discouraged and give up It doesnt take a genius to know the One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow 发
? (
answer absolutely not. 光 in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos
: )
Heres the good news. In a wired world with constant team found that they could create a faint light for three⁃and⁃a⁃
global communication were all positioned to see flashes of half hours. The light about one⁃thousandth of the amount
, ,
genius wherever they appear. And the more we look the more needed to read by is just a start. The technology Strano said
, , , ,
we will see that social factors 因素 like gender race and could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees
( ) , ,
class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer into self⁃powered street lamps.
says future geniuses come from those with intelligence In the future the team hopes to develop a version of the
, “ , ,
creativity perseverance 毅力 and simple good fortune who technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one⁃off
, ( ), ,
are able to change the world. treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are
”
1.What doestheauthorthinkofvictorsstandardsforjoiningthe also trying to develop an on and off switch where the glow
“ ”
genius club would fade when exposed to daylight.
?
A.Theyre unfair. B.Theyre conservative. Lighting accounts for about % of the total electricity
7
C.Theyre objective. D.Theyre strict. consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from
2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science the power source 电源 such as the distance from a power
? ( )—
A.They think themselves smart. plant to street lamps on a remote highway a lot of energy is
—
B.They look up to great thinkers. lost during transmission 传输 . Glowing plants could reduce
( )
C.They see gender differences earlier than boys. this distance and therefore help save energy.
D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
?
3.Why are more geniuses known to the public A.A new study of different plants.
?
A.Improved global communication. B.A big fall in crime rates.
B.Less discrimination against women. C.Employees from various workplaces.
C.Acceptance of victors concepts. D.Benefits from green plants.
D.Changes in peoples social positions. 2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by
4.What is the best title for the text MIT engineers
? ?
A.Geniuses Think Alike A.To detect plants lack of water.
B.Genius Takes Many Forms B.To change compositions of plants.
C.Genius and Intelligence C.To make the life of plants longer.
D.Genius and Luck D.To test chemicals in plants.
答案 3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
?
1.A A.They will speed up energy production.
2.D B.They may transmit electricity to the home.
3.A C.They might help reduce energy consumption.
4.B D.They could take the place of power plants.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
Passage3(2020课标全国Ⅰ,D) 词数351 学生用书P159 A.Can we grow more glowing plants ?
?
The connection between people and plants has long been B.How do we live with glowing plants
?
the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found C.Could glowing plants replace lamps
?
positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown Ohio for D.How are glowing plants made pollution⁃free
, , ?
example discovered that greener areas of the city experienced 答案
,
less crime. In another employees were shown to be % more 1.D
, 15
productive when their workplaces were decorated with 2.A
houseplants. 3.C
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4.C
MIT have taken it a step further changing the actual
( compo ) sition of plants in order to get the — m to perform diverse Passage4(2020课标全国Ⅱ,B) 词数261 学生用书P159
,
even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors Someparentswillbuyanyhigh⁃techtoyiftheythinkitwill
printedontotheirleavestoshowwhentheyreshortofwaterand help their child but researchers said puzzles help children with
,
a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. math⁃related skills.
Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace Psychologist Susan Levine an expert on mathematics
“ ,
functions of the things that we use every day explained development in young children at the University of Chicago
,” ,
3 12 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
found childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages and later evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in
2 4
develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.
significant predictor of cognition 认知 after controlling for Cattle⁃raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have
( )
differences in parents income education and the amount of gained a mutation 突变 that helps them digest milk as adults.
, ( )
parent talk Levine said. On Thursday in an article published in Cell a team of
, ,
The researchers analyzed video recordings of child⁃parent researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to
53 —
pairs duringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplay food but to the ocean. A group of sea⁃dwelling people in
,
withpuzzles between and months of age have better spatial Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau as
26 46 ,
skillswhenassessedat monthsof age. these peopleareknown numberinthehundredsofthousandsin
54 ,
The children who played with puzzles performed better Indonesia Malaysia andthe Philippines. Theyhave traditionally
“ ,
than those who did not on tasks that assessed their ability to livedonhouseboats inrecenttimes theyvealsobuilthouseson
, ; ,
rotate 旋转 and translate shapes Levine said in a statement. stilts 支柱 in coastal waters. They are simply a stranger to the
( ) ,” ( ) “
The parents were asked to interact with their children as land said Rodney C. Jubilado a University of Hawaii
,” ,
they normallywould andabouthalfofthechildreninthe study researcher who studies the Bajau.
,
played with puzzles at one time. Higher⁃income parents tended Dr. JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamal
to have children play with puzzles more frequently and both Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers
, ,
boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. We were so amazed that
“
However boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than they could stay underwater much longer than us local
,
girls and the parents of boys provided more spatial language islanders Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking
, ,” “
and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of under the sea.
”
girls. In MelissaIlardo thenagraduatestudentingenetics
2015, ,
The findings were published in the journal Developmental at the University of Copenhagen heard about the Bajau. She
,
Science. wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution
1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. It
? “
A.Building confidence. seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a
B.Developing spatial skills. population said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a
,”
C.Learning self⁃control. number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
D.Gaining high⁃tech knowledge. 1.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in
2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her paragraph
1?
experiment A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
?
A.Parents age. B.New knowledge of human evolution.
B.Childrens imagination. C.Recent findings of human origin.
C.Parents education. D.Significance of food selection.
D.Child⁃parent relationship. 2.Where do the Bajau build their houses
?
3.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play A.In valleys. B.Near rivers.
?
A.They play with puzzles more often. C.On the beach. D.Off the coast.
B.They tend to talk less during the game. 3.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
?
C.They prefer to use more spatial language. A.They could walk on stilts all day.
D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles. B.They had a superb way of fishing.
4.What is the text mainly about C.They could stay long underwater.
?
A.A mathematical method. B.A scientific study. D.They lived on both land and water.
C.A woman psychologist. D.A teaching program. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text
?
答案
A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea
1.B
B.Highlanders Survival Skills
2.C
C.Basic Methods of Genetic Research
3.D
D.The Worlds Best Divers
4.B 答案
1.B
Passage5(2020课标全国Ⅲ,D) 词数314 学生用书P160
2.D
We are the products of evolution and not just evolution
, 3.C
that occurredbillionsofyearsago. Asscientistslookdeeperinto
4.A
our genes 基因 they are finding examples of human
( ),
专题十 主旨要义 3 13
C.They enjoyed the highest status.
Passage6(2019课标全国Ⅰ,D) 词数370 学生用书P160 D.They performed well academically.
During the rosy years of elementary school 小学 I 4.What is the best title for the text
( ), ?
enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes which allowed me to keep A.Be Nice You Wont Finish Last
, —
my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then B.The Higher the Status the Better
,
came my tweens and teens and mean girls and cool kids. They C.Be the Best You Can Make It
, —
rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking D.More Self⁃Control Less Aggressiveness
,
cigarettes breaking rules and playing jokes on others among 答案
, ,
whom I soon found myself. 1.C
Popularity is a well⁃explored subject in social psychology. 2.A
Mitch Prinstein a professor of clinical psychology sorts the 3.B
,
popular into two categories the likable and the status seekers. 4.A
:
The likables plays⁃well⁃with⁃others qualities strengthen
schoolyardfriendships jump⁃startinterpersonalskillsand when Passage7(2019课标全国Ⅱ,C) 词数348 学生用书P161
, ,
tapped early are employed ever after in life and work. Then Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie
,
theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence status counter by herself quietly reading her e⁃book as she waits for
: ,
born of power and even dishonorable behavior. her salad. What is she reading None of your business Lunch
? !
Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed Dr. Prinsteins is Bechtels me time. And like more Americans shes not
, “ ” ,
studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest alone.
in status in high school as well as those least liked in A new report found percent of meals are eaten alone in
, 46
elementary school are most likely to engage 从事 in America. More than half percent have breakfast alone and
, “ ( ) (53 )
dangerous and risky behavior. nearly half percent have lunch by themselves. Only at
” (46 )
In one study Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of dinnertime are we eating together anymore percent
, , 74 ,
popularity in adolescents scoring the least liked the most according to statistics from the report.
235 , ,
liked and the highest in status based on student surveys 调查研 I prefer to go out and be out. Alone but together you
( “ , ,
究 . We found that the least well⁃liked teens had become more know Bechtel said looking up from her book. Bechtel who
) “ ?” , ,
aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those works in downtown West Palm Beach has lunch with
,
who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability coworkers sometimes but like many of us too often works
, ,
can lead to healthy adjustment high status has just the opposite throughlunchatherdesk. Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeep
,
effect on us. a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work
”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the feeling energized. Today Ijustwantedsometimetomyself
“ , ,”
neighbors want you on a play date sharing kindness she said.
— , ,
openness carry over to later years and make you better able to Just two seats over Andrew Mazoleny a local
— , ,
relate and connect with others. videographer is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he
,
In analyzing his and other research Dr. Prinstein came to can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper
,
another conclusion Not only is likability related to positive life with whom hesonafirst⁃name basisifhe wantstohave alittle
:
outcomes but it is also responsible for those outcomes too. interaction 交流 . I reflect on how my days gone and think
, , ( ) “
Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkinds about the rest of the week he said. Its a chance for self⁃
“ ,” “
of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage he reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.
,” ”
said. That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to
1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of eat alone. Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkward
elementary school about asking for a table for one but those days are over. Now
? , ,
A.Unkind. B.Lonely. we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. It
“
C.Generous. D.Cool. doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about technology saidLaurieDemeritt whosecompanyprovidedthe
? ,” ,
A.The classification of the popular. statistics for the report.
B.The characteristics of adolescents. 1.What are the statistics in paragraph about
2 ?
C.The importance of interpersonal skills. A.Food variety. B.Eating habits.
D.The causes of dishonorable behavior. C.Table manners. D.Restaurant service.
3.What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids 2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch
? ?
A.They appeared to be aggressive. A.To meet with her coworkers.
B.They tended to be more adaptable. B.To catch up with her work.
3 14 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
C.To have some time on her own. 2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
?
D.To collect data for her report. A.He buys cooking materials for her.
3.What do we know about Mazoleny B.He prepares food for her kids.
?
A.He makes videos for the bar. C.He assists her in cooking matters.
B.Hes fond of the food at the bar. D.He invites guest families for her.
C.He interviews customers at the bar. 3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph
4?
D.Hes familiar with the barkeeper. A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.
4.What is the text mainly about B.Provide some advice for the readers.
?
A.The trend of having meals alone. C.Add some background information.
B.The importance of self⁃reflection. D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.
C.The stress from working overtime. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text
?
D.The advantage of wireless technology. A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
答案 B.Balancing Our Daily Diet
1.B C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef
2.C D.Cooking Well for Less
3.D 答案
4.A 1.B
2.C
Passage8(2018课标全国Ⅰ,B) 词数264 学生用书P161 3.C
Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling 4.D
guests onthe sofaeverymorning butshe iscookingupastorm
, Passage9(2018课标全国Ⅱ,C) 词数294 学生用书P162
inherlatestrole showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousand
—
nutritious meals on a tight budget. Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun
,
In Save Money Good Food she visits a different home according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.
: ,
each weekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptips While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen
on how to reduce food waste while preparing recipes for under readers some data in the report shows that reading remains a
, ,
£ per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter big part of many childrens lives and indicates how parents
5 ,
saysshesbeenabletoputalotofwhatsheslearntintopractice might help encourage more reading.
in her own home preparing meals for sons Sam Finn According to the reports key findings the proportion 比
, , , 14, , ,“ (
and Jack . 例 who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from
13, ,11 ) ‘ ’ 8
We love Mexican churros so I buy them on my phone percent of ⁃year⁃olds and percent of ⁃year⁃olds in to
“ , 13 9 17 1984
from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant she explains. I percent and percent respectively today.
,” “ 22 27 ”
pay £ for a portion 一份 but Matt makes them for p a The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for
5 ( ), 26
portion because they are flour water sugar and oil. younger children ages remain largely the same. But the
, , , , 2—8,
Everybody can buy takeaway food but sometimes were not amountoftime spentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined from
, ,
aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
”
The eight⁃part series 系列节目 Save Money Good When it comes to technology and reading the report does
( ), : ,
Food follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money Good little to counsel 建议 parents looking for data about the effect
, : ( )
Health whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthe of e⁃readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many
,
vast range of health products on the market. parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns
,
With food our biggest weekly household expense Susanna about increased screen time.
,
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear
and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In
evidence ofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfor
tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need
their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and
of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms
teens who do read frequently compared to infrequent readers
the familyslongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensive but
, ,
have more books in the home more books purchased for them
still tasty recipes.
, ,
parents whoreadmoreoften andparentswhosetasidetimefor
1.What do we know about Susanna Reid
,
?
them to read.
A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
As the end of school approaches and school vacation
B.She has started a new programme.
,
reading lists loom 逼近 ahead parents might take this chance
C.She dislikes working early in the morning.
( ) ,
to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a
D.She has had a tight budget for her family.
family trip to the library or bookstore.
专题十 主旨要义 3 15
1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about music says Moran. For me its the recontextualization. In
? ,” “ ,
A.Childrens reading habits. music where does the emotion 情感 lie Are we as
, ( ) ? ,
B.Quality of childrens books. humans gaining any insight 感悟 on how to talk about
, ( )
C.Childrens after⁃class activities. ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker
D.Parent⁃child relationships. record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our
2.Where can you find the data that best supports children are thoughts Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider
“ ?
reading a lot less for fun context says Moran so I want to continue those dialogues.
”? ,” ,“
A.In paragraph . B.In paragraph . Those are the things I want to foster.
2 3 ”
C.In paragraph . D.In paragraph . 1.Why did UNESCO set April as International Jazz Day
4 5 30 ?
3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading A.To remember the birth of jazz.
?
A.E⁃books are of poor quality. B.To protect cultural diversity.
B.It could be a waste of time. C.To encourage people to study music.
C.It may harm childrens health. D.To recognize the value of jazz.
D.E⁃readers are expensive. 2.What does the underlined word that in paragraph refer to
“ ” 3 ?
4.How should parents encourage their children to read more A.Jazz becoming more accessible.
?
A.Act as role models for them. B.The production of jazz growing faster.
B.Ask them to write book reports. C.Jazz being less popular with the young.
C.Set up reading groups for them. D.The jazz audience becoming larger.
D.Talk with their reading class teachers. 3.What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz
?
答案 A.It will disappear gradually.
1.A B.It remains black and white.
2.B C.It should keep up with the times.
3.C D.It changes every years.
50
4.A 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
?
A.Exploring the Future of Jazz
Passage10(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C) 词数325 学生用书P162 B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz
Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently C.The Story of a Jazz Musician
gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual D.Celebrating the Jazz Day
International Jazz Day. UNESCO United Nations Educational 答案
( ,
Scientific and Cultural Organization recently set April as a 1.D
) 30
day to raise awareness of jazz music its significance and its 2.C
, ,
potential as a unifying 联合 voice across cultures. 3.C
( )
Despite the celebrations though in the U.S. the jazz 4.A
, ,
audience continues to shrink and grow older and the music has
failed to connect with younger generations. , Passage11(2017课标全国Ⅱ,C) 词数317 学生用书P163
Its JasonMoransjobtohelpchangethat. AstheKennedy Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has
Centers artistic adviser for jazz Moran hopes to widen the completed itsfirstflight bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoal
, ,
audience for jazz make the music more accessible and of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle
, , —
preserve its history and culture. named the Transition has two seats four wheels and wings
— ,
Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American thatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar. TheTransition which
“ ,
appetite MorantellsNationalPublicRadiosreporterNealConan. flew at feet for eight minutes last month can reach
,” 1,400 ,
WhatImhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyounger around miles per hour on the road and in the air. It flies
“ 70 115
start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white using a ⁃gallontankofgasandburns gallonsperhourinthe
23 5
anymore. Its actually color and its actually digital. air. On the ground it gets miles per gallon.
, ” , 35
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the Around people have already put down a $
100 10,000
entertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost. Themusiccant deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale and those
“ ,
be presented today the way it was in or .It has to numbers willlikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransition
1908 1958
continue to move because the way the world works is not the to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But
,
same says Moran. dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected
,”
Last year Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats to cost $ . And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic.
, 279,000
Wallers music for a dance party just to kind of put it back in The car needs a runway.
,“
the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the
3 16 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
s according to Robert Mann an airline industry expert. vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe
1930 , ,
But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to explains Formanyolderpeople particularlythoselivingalone
:“ ,
making the flying car a reality. The government has already or in the country driving is important for preserving their
,
permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier independence giving them the freedom to get out and about
,
for the vehicle tofly. TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrash without having to rely on others.
”
tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. But we all have to accept that as we get older our
“
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation reactions slowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidingany
Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence
of standards for light sport aircraft which are lower than those in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving
,
for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need before they really need to.
”
to pass a test and complete hours of flying time to be able to Dr Amy Guo the leading researcher on the older driver
20 ,
fly the Transition a requirement pilots would find relatively study explains The DriveLAB is helping us to understand
, , : “
easy to meet. what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about and how we might use technology to address these problems.
? ”
A.The basic data of the Transition. For example most of us would expect older drivers
“ ,
B.The advantages of flying cars. always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly we found
,
C.The potential market for flying cars. that in mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed
30
D.The designers of the Transition. and soweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskof
2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many getting fined. Were looking at the benefits of systems which
driveways control their speed as a way of preventing that.
? ”
A.It causes traffic jams. B.It is difficult to operate. We hope that our work will help with technological
“
C.It is very expensive. D.It burns too much fuel. solutions 解决方案 to ensure that older drivers stay safer
( )
3.What is the governments attitude to the development of the behind the wheel.
”
flying car 1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB
? ?
A.Cautious. B.Favorable. A.To explore new means of transport.
C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving. B.To design new types of cars.
4.What is the best title for the text C.To find out older drivers problems.
?
A.Flying Car at Auto Show D.To teach people traffic rules.
B.The Transitions First Flight 2.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe
?
C.Pilots Dream Coming True A.It keeps them independent.
D.Flying Car Closer to Reality B.It helps them save time.
答案 C.It builds up their strength.
1.A D.It cures their mental illnesses.
2.C 3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers
?
3.B A.Improve their driving skills.
4.D B.Develop driver⁃assist technologies.
C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.
Passage12(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D) 词数324 学生用书P164 D.Organize regular physical checkups.
TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhave 4.What is the best title for the text
?
turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named A.A New Model Electric Car
DriveLAB in order to understand the challenges faced by B.A Solution to Traffic Problems
“ ”
older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. C.Driving Services for Elders
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
reasons for a fall in health and well⁃being among older people 答案
,
leading to them becoming more isolated 隔绝 and inactive. 1.C
( )
Led by Professor Phil Blythe the Newcastle team are 2.A
,
developing in⁃vehicle technologies for older drivers which they 3.B
hope could help them to continue driving into later life. 4.D
These include custom⁃made navigation 导航 tools night
( ) ,
专题十 主旨要义 3 17
B 组 新高考卷、省(区、市)卷题组
Passage1(2021新高考Ⅰ,D) 词数303 学生用书P164 4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerning
emotional intelligence
Popularization has in some cases changed the original ?
A.Its appeal to the public.
meaning of emotional 情感的 intelligence. Many people now
( ) B.Expectations for future studies.
misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything
C.Its practical application.
desirable inapersonsmakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQ
D.Scientists with new perspectives.
test such as character motivation confidence mental
, , , , 答案
stability optimism and people skills. Researchhasshownthat
, “ ” 1.D
emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities but
, 2.B
most of them move far beyond skill⁃based emotional
3.A
intelligence.
4.B
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific
setofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes. The Passage2(2021浙江,C) 词数334 学生用书P165
ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be If you ever get the impression that your dog can tell
“ ”
used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients while a whether you look content or annoyed you may be onto
, ,
cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between
emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral happy and angry human faces according to a new study.
,
person. Researchers trained a group of dogs to distinguish
11
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence between images 图像 of the same person making either a
( )
run far ahead of what research can reasonably support the happy or anangryface. Duringthetrainingstage eachdogwas
, ,
overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than shown onlythe upperhalforthe lowerhalfofthepersonsface.
harmful. Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanew The researchers then tested the dogs ability to distinguish
and much needed emphasis 重视 on emotion by employers between human facial expressions by showing them the other
( ) ,
educators and others interested in promoting social well⁃being. halfofthepersonsfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheones
The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the usedintraining. Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereableto
public and researchers re⁃evaluate the functionality of emotions pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with
and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. theirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapply
intelligence is desirable we hope that such attention will excite what they learned about human faces during training to new
,
agreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion. faces in the testingstage. We canruleoutthatthe dogssimply
“
It is our hope that in coming decades advances in science will distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue such as
, ,
offer new perspectives 视角 from which to study how people the sight of teeth said study author Corsin Müller. Instead
( ) ,” “ ,
manage their lives. Emotional intelligence with its focus on our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a
,
both headandheart mayservetopointusintherightdirection. smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes and the
, ,
1. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional sameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningas
intelligence angry eyes.
? ”
A.It can be measured by an IQ test. With our study we think we can now confidently
“ ,
B.It helps to exercise a persons mind. conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial
C.It includes a set of emotional skills. expressions Müller told Live Science.
,”
D.It refers to a persons positive qualities. At this point it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped
,
2.Why does the author mention doctor and cheater in with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in
“ ” “ ”
paragraph humans. To us the most likely explanation appears to be that
2? “ ,
A.To explain a rule. thebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans whichgivesthemalot
,
B.To clarify a concept. of exposuretohumanfacialexpressions andthisexposurehas
,”
C.To present a fact. providedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetween
D.To make a prediction. them Müller said.
,
3.Whatistheauthorsattitudetothepopularizationofemotional 1.The new study focused on whether dogs can .
intelligence A.distinguish shapes B.make sense of human faces
?
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.feel happy or angry D.communicate with each other
C.Doubtful. D.Unclear. 2.What can we learn about the study from paragraph
2?
3 18 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
A.Researchers tested the dogs in random order. D.To measure their mental ability.
B.Diverse methods were adopted during training. 2.How doesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph
4?
C.Pictures used in the two stages were different. A.By using an experts words.
D.The dogs were photographed before the test. B.By making a comparison.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly about C.By referring to another study.
?
A.A suggestion for future studies. D.By introducing a concept.
B.A possible reason for the study findings. 3.Which of the following is the best title for the text
?
C.A major limitation of the study. A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
D.An explanation of the research method. B.Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
答案 C.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
1.B D.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
2.C 答案
3.B 1.D
2.B
Passage3(2020浙江,C) 词数329 学生用书P165 3.C
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking
pla nning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay , Passage4(2020天津 , C) 词数414 学生用书P166
sharp as you age a study published Wednesday in the journal For people who are interested in sound the field of sound
, ,
Neurology suggests. technology is definitely making noise. In the past sound
,
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios but
,
gathered morethan retiredworkerswhowereoverage many oftodayssoundprofessionalsare sharingtheirknowledge
1,000 75
and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through and experience with professionals in other fields to create new
a battery of tests. Then for eight years the scientists asked the products based on the phenomenon we call sound.
, ,
same group to come backtothelabevery monthstotake the Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police
18
same sorts of tests. officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the
Those who had held mentally stimulating 刺 激 officer cant let him get away. He pulls out a special device
( ), ,
demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the points itatthesuspect andswitchesiton. Thethiefdropstothe
,
tests. And they tended to lose cognitive 认知 function at a ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic
( )
much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging Device LRAD 远程定向声波发射器 . It produces a
( , )
jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.
the participants overall health status. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and
This works just like physical exercise says Francisca travels only into the ears of that person but it is not deadly.
“ ,” ,
Then who led the study. After a long run you may feel like For those whohungerforsome peaceandquiet soundcan
, “ , ,
youre in pain youmayfeeltired. Butitmakesyoufit. Aftera now createsilence. Letssayyouareattheairport andthelittle
, ,
long day atwork sure youwillfeeltired butitcanhelpyour boy on the seat next to you is humming 哼唱 a short
— , , ( )
brain stay healthy. commercial song. He hums it over and over again and you are
” ,
Its notjustcorporatejobs orevenpaidworkthatcanhelp about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine a British
, ,
keep your brain fit Then points out. A waiters job for invention youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboy
, , ,
example that requires multitasking teamwork and decision⁃ or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine
, ,
making could be just as stimulating as any high⁃level office works. Well it functions by analyzing the waves of the
,
work. And running a family household requires high⁃level incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves.
“
planning and coordinating 协调 she says. You have to The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the
( ),” “
organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills machine on point it at the target and your peace and quiet
, ,
and groceries. comes back.
”
Of course ourbrainscandecline aswe growolderforlots Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies
,
of reasons including other environmental influences or genetic tousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights 聚光灯 areused
— ( )
factors. Still continuing to challenge yourself mentally and in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage
, ;
keeping your mind busy can only help. similarly a spotsound creates a circle of sound in one
, “ ”
1.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as
?
A.To assess their health status. restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract
B.To evaluate their work habits. customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with
C.To analyze their personality. the various food choices on the menu allowing customers more
,
专题十 主旨要义 3 19
control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed not lose his childs heart. Yet most of us do lose it. We stop
”
soundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenat asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow
homes. the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful
1.What could be inferred from Paragraph about the effect of average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner to
2 ,
the LRAD avoid foolish leaps into the dark to be satisfied.
? ,
A.It causes temporary hearing loss. Most of us meet new people and new ideas with
, ,
B.It slows down a running man. hesitation. But once having met and liked them we think how
,
C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect. terrible it would have been had we missed the chance. We will
,
D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others. probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and
2.The SilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto . discontent and keep them awake.
A.silence the people around you How should you start Modestly so as not to become
? ,
B.remove the sound of commercials discouraged. I think of one friend who couldnt arrange flowers
C.block the incoming sound waves
to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it.
D.stop unwanted sound from affecting you
Now she is one of the experts writing books on flower
,
3.What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share
arrangement.
?
A.They travel in circles.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You
B.They clear the atmosphere.
havent any special ability Most people dont there are only a
C.They can be transformed into energy. ? ;
few geniuses. You havent any time Thats good because its
D.They can be directed onto a specific area. ? ,
always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet
4.Directed sound can be used for .
Stowe mother of six wrote parts of Uncle Toms Cabin while
A.creative designs of restaurant menus , ,
cooking. Youre too old Remember that Thomas Costain was
B.ideal sound effects on the theater stage ?
when he published his first novel and that Grandma Moses
C.different choices of music for businesses 57 ,
showed her first pictures when she was .
D.strict control over any suspicious customer 78
However you start remember there is no better time to
5.What does the passage focus on ,
? start thanrightnow foryoullneverbe more alivethanyouare
A.How professionals invented sound products. ,
at this moment.
B.Inventions in the field of sound technology.
1.In writing Paragraph the author aims to .
C.The growing interest in the study of sound. 1,
A.propose a definition
D.How sound engineers work in their studios.
B.make a comparison
答案
C.reach a conclusion
1.A
D.present an argument
2.D
3.D
2.What does the example of Galileo tell us
?
4.C A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
5.B B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C.Creativity results from challenging authority.
Passage5(2020天津 , D) 词数421 学生用书P166 D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
After years of observing human nature I have decided that 3.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent
, ?
two qualities make the difference between men of great A.Observe the unknown around you.
achievement and men of average performance curiosity and B.Develop a questioning mind.
,
discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked C.Lead a life of adventure.
either. And I have never known an average man who had both. D.Follow the fashion.
The two belong together. 4.What can we learn from Paragraphs and
6 7?
Together these deep human urges 驱策力 count for A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.
, ( )
much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.
when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
,
all the great names in history were curious and asked in 5.What could be the best title for the passage
?
discontent Why Why Why A.Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
, “ ? ? ?”
Fortunately curiosity and discontent dont have to be B.Reflections on Human Nature
,
learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. C.The Keys to Achievement
The great man said Mencius 孟子 is he who does D.Never Too Late to Learn
“ ,” ( ), “
3 20 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
答案 useless lifeevenwithoutDNA. Istartedathirddrawerforthese
,
1.D big discoveries. It fills more slowly but all the same it fills.
, ,
2.D In looking into the stories of biological discovery I also
,
3.B began to find something else a collection of scientists usually
, ,
4.C brilliant occasionally half⁃mad who made the discoveries.
, ,
5.C Those scientists very often see the same things that other
scientists see but they pay more attention to them and they
Passage6(2020江苏,D) 词数664 学生用书P167 focus onthem , tothepointofexhaustion 穷尽 and , attherisk
( ),
I was in the middle of the Amazon 亚马孙 with my of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of
( )
wife who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a discovery Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowtheirlives
, ,
small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local changed our view of the world.
language did not know the customs and more often than not We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most
, , ,
did notentirelyrecognize the food. We couldnothave feltmore ofwhatislefttodiscover. Weusedtothinkthatinsectswerethe
foreign. smallest organisms 生物 and that nothing lived deeper than
( ),
We were raised on books and computers highways and six hundred meters. Yet when something new turns up more
, , ,
cell phones butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithoutrunning often than not we do not even know its name.
, ,
water orelectricity. Itwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendof 1.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon
?
the day feeling a little misunderstood. A.Out of place. B.Full of joy.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening with monkeys C.Sleepy. D.Regretful.
,
calling from beyond the village green we played soccer. I am 2.What made that Amazonian evening wonderful
, ?
not goodatsoccer butthateveningitwaswonderful. Everyone A.He learned more about the local language.
,
knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and B.They had a nice conversation with each other.
shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came C.They understood each other while playing.
over the field and the match ended the goal keeper Juan D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
, , ,
walked over to me and said in a matter⁃of⁃fact way In your 3.WhywastheauthorsurprisedatJuansquestionaboutthemoon
, “ ?
home do you have a moon too I was surprised. A.The question was too straightforward.
, ?”
After I explained to Juan that yes we did have a moon and B.Juan knew so little about the world.
,
yes it was very similar to his I felt a sort of awe 敬畏 at the C.The author didnt know how to answer.
, , ( )
possibilities thatexistedinhisworld.InJuansworld eachvillage D.The author didnt think Juan was sincere.
,
could have its own moon. In Juans world the unknown and 4.What was the authors initial purpose of collecting newspaper
,
undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible. articles
?
Inoursociety weknowthatEarthhasonlyonemoon. We A.To sort out what we have known.
,
have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.
wildest things left to find. I can from my computer at home C.To improve his reputation as a biologist.
, ,
pull up satellite images of Juans village. There are no more D.To learn more about local cultures.
continents and no more moons to search for little left to 5.How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries
, ?
discover. At least it seems that way. A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
Yet as I thought about Juans question I was not sure B.They followed other scientists closely.
, ,
how much more we could really rule out. I am in part an ant C.They often criticized their fellow scientists.
, ,
biologist so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect D.They conducted in⁃depth and close studies.
,
life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains 6.What could be the most suitable title for the passage
?
unknown. How much though How ignorant 无知的 are A.The Possible and the Impossible
, ? ( )
we The question of what we know and do not know constantly B.The Known and the Unknown
?
bothered me. C.The Civilized and the Uncivilized
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species D.The Ignorant and the Intelligent
,
new monkey new spider... and on and on they appear. My 答案
, ,
drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general 1.A
discoveries new cave system discovered with dozens of 2.C
:
nameless species four hundred species of bacteria found in the 3.B
,
human stomach. Theseconddrawerbegantofillandasitdid I 4.A
,
wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there not 5.D
,
just species but life that depends on things thought to be 6.B
,
专题十 主旨要义 3 21
Passage7(2019浙江,C) 词数305 学生用书P168 D.Patrick McIntyre Grow More Big Trees in California
:
答案
California has lost half its big trees since the s
1930 , 1.A
according toastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechange
2.D
seems to be a major factor 因素 .
( ) 3.C
The numberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclined
4.A
by percent on more than square miles of California
50 46,000
forests , the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected , Passage8(2019天津,B) 词数432 学生用书P168
from thefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainsto
I must have always known reading was very important
the SanGabrielsabove LosAngeles. IntheSierrahighcountry
, because the first memories I have as a child deal with books.
the number of big trees has fallen by more than percent in
55 ; There was notonenightthatIdontrememberMomreadingme
parts of southern California the decline was nearly percent.
75 a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the
Many factors contributed to the decline said Patrick
, elegant way the words sounded.
McIntyre an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.
, I always wanted to know what my mom was reading.
Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed
Hearing Mom say I cant believe whats printed in the
into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California , “
newspaper this morning made me want to grab it out of her
forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for ,”
hands and readitmyself. Iwantedtobelikemymomandknow
resources 资源 .
( ) all ofthethingssheknew. SoIcarriedaroundabook andeach
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the ,
night just to be like her I would pretend to be reading.
s and s with another one between and , ,
1920 1930 2001 2010, This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off
McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of
with sentences then paragraphs and then stories. It seemed an
big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from , ,
unending journey but even as a six⁃year⁃old girl I realized that
woodcutting or development. ,
knowing howtoreadcouldopenmanydoors. WhenMom said
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had ,
The C⁃A⁃N⁃D⁃Y is hiddenonthetopshelf Iknewwherethe
suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out “ ,”
candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity and I
water stresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwater ,
wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my
trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed
, mom to drive more slowly so that I could read all of the road
,
taking into account such things as rainfall air temperature
, , signs we passed.
dampness of soil and the timing of snowmelt 融雪 .
Most of my reading through primary middle and high
, ( )
,
Since the s McIntyre said the biggest factors driving up
school was factual reading. I read for knowledge and to make
1930 , ,
,
waterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures whichcause
As on my tests. Occasionally I would read a novel that was
,
,
trees to lose more water to the air and earlier snowmelt which
assigned but I didnt enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts
, ,
, ,
reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
thingsthatareconcrete. Ithoughtanythingabstractlefttoomuch
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about
room for argument.
?
A.The seriousness of big⁃tree loss in California. Yet now that Im growing and the world I once knew as
,
B.The increasing variety of California big trees. being so simple is becoming more complex I find myself
,
C.The distribution of big trees in California forests. needing a way to escape. By opening a novel I can leave
,
D.The influence of farming on big trees in California. behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious
2.Which of the following is well⁃intentioned but may be bad for world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can
big trees become anyone. I dont have to write down what happened or
?
A.Ecological studies of forests. what techniquetheauthorwasusingwhenheorshewrotethis. I
B.Banning woodcutting. just read to relax.
C.Limiting housing development. Were taught to read because its necessary for much of
D.Fire control measures. human understanding. Readingisavitalpartofmylife. Reading
3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to satisfies my desire to keep learning. And Ive found that the
McIntyre possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
?
A.Inadequate snowmelt. B.A longer dry season. 1.Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of Moms
C.A warmer climate. D.Dampness of the air. hands
?
4.What can be a suitable title for the text A.She wanted Mom to read the news to her.
?
A.Californias Forests Where Have All the Big Trees Gone B.She was anxious to know what had happened.
: ?
B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon C.She couldnt wait to tear the newspaper apart.
C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests D.She couldnt help but stop Mom from reading.
?
3 22 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
2.According to Paragraph the authors reading of road signs name and far more. Armed with this knowledge theyre able
3, , ,
indicates . to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.
A.her unique way to locate herself This means for example that a scammer could call you from
, ,
B.her eagerness to develop her reading ability what lookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoice
C.her effort to remind Mom to obey traffic rules that sounds exactly like your bank tellers tricking you into
,
D.her growing desire to know the world around her confirming your address mothers name and card number.
“ ” , ,
3.What was the authors view on factual reading Scammers follow money so companies will be the worst hit. A
? ,
A.It would help her update test⁃taking skills. lot of business is still done over the phone and much of it is
,
B.It would allow much room for free thinking. based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation
C.It would provide true and objective information. technologies may weaken that gradually.
D.It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life. We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom
4.The author takes novel reading as a way to . networks. Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogetherto
A.explore a fantasy land find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That
B.develop a passion for learning might meaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosand
C.learn about the adult community images showing when and who they were made by or
, ,
D.get away from a confusing world abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data⁃
5.What could be the best title for the passage based communications using apps like FaceTime or
? —
A.The Magic of Reading WhatsApp which can be tied to your identity.
,
B.The Pleasure of Reading Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose andtheproblem
,
C.Growing Up with Reading is only going to get harder from here on out.
D.Reading Makes a Full Man 1.How doestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstotheproblemof
答案 robocalls
?
1.B A.Panicked. B.Confused.
2.D C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.
3.C 2. Taking advantage of the new technologies scammers
,
4.D can .
5.C A.aim at victims precisely
B.damage databases easily
Passage9(2019北京,C) 词数466 学生用书P169 C.start campaigns rapidly
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many D.spread information widely
people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont 3.What does the passage imply
?
know. By next year half of the calls we receive will be scams A.Honesty is the best policy.
,
欺诈 . Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblem B.Technologies can be double⁃edged.
( )
by supporting and developing a group of tools apps and C.There are more solutions than problems.
,
approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. D.Credibility holds the key to development.
Unfortunately its too little too late. By the time these 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the
, ,
solutions 解决方案 become widely available scammers passage
“ ”( ) , ?
will havemovedontocleverermeans. Inthenearfuture itsnot A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
,
just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be B.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice youre C.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
hearing is actually real. D.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
Thats because there are a number of powerful voice 答案
manipulation 处理 and automation technologies that are about to 1.D
( )
become widely available for anyone to use. At this years I/O 2.A
Conference a company showed a new voice technology able to 3.B
,
producesuch a convincing human⁃sounding voice that it was able 4.C
tospeaktoareceptionist andbooka reservationwithout detection.
These developments are likely to make our current Passage10(2018浙江,B) 词数279 学生用书P170
problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange
are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A habit makes sense whenyouconsiderthathesanenvironmental
decadeofdata breaches 数据侵入 ofpersonalinformationhas scientist who studies how to reduce litter including things that
( ) ,
led toasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmothers fall offgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad. Whatiseven
专题十 主旨要义 3 23
more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an Passage11(2018天津,C) 词数365 学生用书P170
industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
Theres a new frontier in D printing thats beginning to
Americans use more than billion thin film plastic bags 3
100 come into focus food. Recent development has made possible
every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways :
machines thatprint cook andservefoodsonamassscale. And
that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts , ,
the industry isnt stopping there.
收银台 . The bags are prohibited in some cities in
( ) 90 Food production
California including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds
, , With a D printer a cook can print complicated chocolate
plastic⁃bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the 3 ,
sculptures andbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.
case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most
Not everybody can do that it takes years of experience but a
people assume. — ,
printer makesiteasy. ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito re⁃
Among the bag makers arguments many cities with bans “
: create forms and pieces of food that are exactly the same
still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags which are easily ” “ ,”
, freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant all
recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And ,
of the dishes and desserts it serves are D⁃printed rather than
while plasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat theyrepresentasmall 3 ,
, farm to table.
percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
Sustainability 可持续性
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has ( )
The global population is expected to grow to . billion by
appeared as its replacement reusable shopping bags. The 96
: andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneed
stronger a reusable bag is the longer its life and the more 2050,
, to be raised by percent to maintain current levels.
plastic⁃bag use it cancels out. However longer⁃lasting reusable 50
, Sustainability is becoming a necessity. D food printing could
bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a 3
probablycontributetothesolution. Someexpertsbelieveprinters
cotton bag must be used at least times to be better for the
131 could use hydrocolloids 水解胶体 from plentiful renewables
planet than plastic. ( )
likealgae 藻类 andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients 烹
Environmentalists dont dispute 质疑 these points. They ( ) (
( ) 饪原料 . D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions.
hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers ) 3
Grocery storesofthefuturemightstock food thatlastsyearson
to use the same reusable bags for years. “ ”
end freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and
1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do ,
? storage requirements.
A.Help increase grocery sales.
Nutrition
B.Recycle the waste material.
Future D food printers could make processed food
C.Stop things falling off trucks. 3
healthier. Hod Lipson a professor at Columbia University
D.Argue for the use of plastic bags. , ,
said Food printing could allow consumers to print food with
2.What does the word headwinds in paragraph refer to ,“
“ ” 2 ? customized nutritional content like vitamins. So instead of
A.Bans on plastic bags. ,
eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket youd
B.Effects of city development. ,
eat something baked just for you on demand.
C.Headaches caused by garbage. ”
Challenges
D.Plastic bags hung in trees.
Despite recent advancements in D food printing the
3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic⁃ 3 ,
industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently most
bag makers ,
? ingredients must be changed to a paste 糊状物 before a printer
A.They are quite expensive. ( )
can usethem andtheprintingprocessisquitetime⁃consuming
B.Replacing them can be difficult. , ,
because ingredients interact with each other in very complex
C.They are less strong than plastic bags.
ways. On top of that most of the D food printers now are
D.Producing them requires more energy. , 3
restricted todryingredientsbecausemeatandmilkproductsmay
4.What is the best title for the text
? easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about D food
A.Plastic Paper or Neither 3
, printers believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants
B.Industry Pollution and Environment ,
, than homes and high⁃end restaurants.
C.Recycle or Throw Away
1.What benefit does D printing bring to food production
D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control 3 ?
A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.
答案
B.It saves time and effort in cooking.
1.D
C.It improves the cooking conditions.
2.A
D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.
3.D
2.What can we learn about D food printing from Paragraph
4.A 3 3?
A.It solves food shortages easily.
3 24 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
B.It quickens the transportation of food. I wasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish. ButIfinished And
!
C.It needs no space for the storage of food. I got a medal. In fact I got the same medal as the one that the
,
D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food. guy who came in first place had.
3.According to Paragraph D⁃printed food . Determined to be myself move forward free of shame
4,3 , ,
A.is more available to consumers and worldly labels 世俗标签 I can now call myself a
( ),
B.can meet individual nutritional needs marathon winner .
“ ”
C.is more tasty than food in supermarkets 1.A month before the marathon the author .
,
D.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials A.was well trained B.felt scared
4.What is the main factor that prevents D food printing from C.made up his mind to run D.lost hope
3
spreading widely 2.Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his th year
? 7 ?
A.The printing process is complicated. A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. D food printers are too expensive. B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.
3
C.Food materials have to be dry. C.To show he was not talented in sports.
D.Some experts doubt D food printing. D.To share a precious memory.
3
5.What could be the best title of the passage 3.How was the authors first marathon
? ?
A. D Food Printing Delicious New Technology A.He made it. B.He quit halfway.
3 :
B.A New Way to Improve D Food Printing C.He got the first prize. D.He walked to the end.
3
C.The Challenges for D Food Production 4.What does the story mainly tell us
3 ?
D. D Food Printing From Farm to Table A.A man owes his success to his family support.
3 :
答案 B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.
1.B C.Failure is the mother of success.
2.D D.One is never too old to learn.
3.B 答案
4.C 1.C
5.A 2.C
3.A
Passage12(2018北京,A) 词数319 学生用书P171 4.B
My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon one of my ankles was Passage13(2018北京,C) 词数345 学生用书P172
,
injured and this meant not running for two weeks leaving me Plastic⁃Eating Worms
,
only two weeks to train. Yet I was determined to go ahead. Humans produce more than
, 300
I remember back to my th year in school. In my first P.E. million tons of plastic every year.
7
class the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I Almost half of that winds up in landfills
,
didnt doeither well.He later informedme that I was not athletic . 垃圾填埋场 and up to million
“ ” ( ), 12
The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. tons pollute the oceans. So far there is
“ ”
When I started running in my s I realized running was a no effective way to get rid of it but a new study suggests an
30 , ,
battle against myself not about competition or whether or not I answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
,
was athletic. Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyand Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the
mind. A test of wills worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene
! ,
The night before my marathon I dreamt that I couldnt which accounts for % of plastics. The team left wax
, 40 100
even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous but worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for
, 12
ready to prove something to myself. hours and the worms consumed and broke down about
, 92
Shortly after crossing the start line my shoe laces 鞋带 milligrams or almost % of it. To confirm that the worms
, ( ) , 3
became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene
!
At mile I passed a sign GO FOR IT RUNNERS breakdown the researchers made some worms into paste 糊状
3, :“ , !” , (
By mile I became out of breath and the once injured 物 and applied it to plastic films. hours later the films had
17, ) 14
ankle hurt badly. Despitethepain Istayedthecoursewalkinga lost % of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes
, 13 —
酶 from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published
bit and then running again.
( )
in Current Biology in .
By mile I was starving
2017
21, !
Federica Bertocchini co⁃author of the study says the
As I approached mile I could see my wife waving a
, ,
23,
worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax
sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock
— —
also allows them to break down plastic. Wax is a complex
sounding at a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
“
4
专题十 主旨要义 3 25
mixture but the basic bond in polyethylene the carbon⁃carbon father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to
, ,
bond isthereaswell sheexplains. Thewaxwormevolveda admit what he had been doing.
, ,” “
method or system to break this bond. The cats lot was about to improve. That year one of
” ,
Jennifer DeBruyn a microbiologist at the University of Benjamins cousins Mr. Pennington came to visit. He was
, , ,
Tennessee who was not involved in the study says it is not impressed with Benjamins drawings. When he went home he
, , ,
surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But sentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes. He alsosentsix
compared with previous studies she finds the speed of breaking engravings 版画 by anartist. These werethefirstpicturesand
, ( )
down inthisoneexciting. Thenextstep DeBruynsays willbe first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
, ,
to identify thecauseofthebreakdown. Isitanenzymeproduced In when Benjamin was nine years old Mr.
1747, ,
by the worm itself or by its gut microbes 肠道微生物 Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what
( )?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one Benjamin haddonewithhisgift. HeaskedBenjaminsparentsif
dayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.But he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
she expectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess In the city Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for
— ,
not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape 风景
“ ” ( )
1.What can we learn about the worms in the study painting. William Williams a well⁃known painter came to see
? , ,
A.They take plastics as their everyday food. him work. WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehim
B.They are newly evolved creatures. two classic books on painting to take home. The books were
C.They can consume plastics. long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little having been a
,
D.They wind up in landfills. poor student. But he later said Those two books were my
, “
2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn the next step of the study is companions by day and under my pillow at night. While it is
, , ”
to . likely that he understood very little of the books they were his
,
A.identify other means of the breakdown introduction to classical paintings. The nine⁃year⁃old boy
B.find out the source of the enzyme decided then that he would be an artist.
C.confirm the research findings 1.What is the text mainly about
?
D.increase the breakdown speed A.Benjamins visit to Philadelphia.
3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical B.Williams influence on Benjamin.
might . C.The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.
A.help to raise worms D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
B.help make plastic bags 2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph suggest
3 ?
C.be used to clean the oceans A.The cat would be closely watched.
D.be produced in factories in future B.The cat would get some medical care.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
?
A.To explain a study method on worms. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
B.To introduce the diet of a special worm. 3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent
?
C.To present a way to break down plastics. A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.
D.To propose new means to keep eco⁃balance. B.He provided him with painting materials.
答案 C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
1.C D.He taught him how to make engravings.
2.B 4.Williams two books helped Benjamin to .
3.D A.master the use of paints
4.C B.appreciate landscape paintings
C.get to know other painters
Passage14(2017浙江,A) 词数326 学生用书P172 D.make up his mind to be a painter
Benjamin West the father of American painting 答案
, ,
showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. 1.C
But hedidnotknow aboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhim he 2.D
needed one. In those days a brush was made from camels 3.B
,
hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided thatcat 4.D
hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat
to make a brush. Passage15(2017天津,A) 词数307 学生用书P173
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more Suppose youre in a rush feeling tired not paying
, ,
fur. Before long the cat began to look ragged 蓬乱 . His attention to your screen and you send an email that could get
, ( ) ,
3 26 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
you in trouble. B.By seeking support from the receivers friends.
Realisationwillprobablysetinsecondsafteryouveclicked C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.
send . You freeze in horror and burn with shame. D.By talking to the receiver face to face.
“ ”
What to do Here are four common email accidents and 5.What is the passage mainly about
? , ?
how to recover. A.Defining email errors.
Clicking send too soon B.Reducing email mistakes.
“ ”
Dont waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has C.Handling email accidents.
read ityet. Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsendit D.Improving email writing.
with abrieftitleexplainingthatthisisthecorrectversionandthe 答案
previous version should be ignored. 1.C
Writing the wrong name 2.A
The sooner you notice the better. Respond quickly and 3.B
,
briefly apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured 4.D
, :
dont handleittoolightly aspeoplecanbeoffended especially 5.C
, ,
if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture i.e.
incorrect ordering of Chinese names . ( Passage16(2017北京,C) 词数358 学生用书P173
)
Clicking reply all unintentionally Measles 麻疹 which once killed children each year
“ ” ( ), 450
You accidentally reveal 透露 to the entire company what and disabled even more was nearly wiped out in the United
( ) ,
menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner or States years ago by the universal useof theMMRvaccine 疫
, 14 (
what holiday youd like to take. In this instance the best 苗 . Butthediseaseismakingacomeback causedbyagrowing
, ) ,
solution istosendaquick light⁃heartedapologytoexplainyour anti⁃vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading
,
awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse when quickly. Already this year measles cases have been reported
, ,115
everyone starts hitting reply all to join in a long and in the USA compared with for all of last year.
“ ” , 189
unpleasant conversation. In this instance step away from your The numbers might sound small but they are the leading
, ,
keyboard to allow everyone to calm down. edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very
Sending an offensive message to its subject high as they still are in the nation as a whole everyone is
, ,
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in protected. This is called herd immunity which protects the
“ ”,
anger. You write an unkind message about someone intending people who get hurt easily including those who cant be
, ,
to send it to a friend but accidentally send it to the person vaccinated for medical reasons babies too young to get
, ,
yourediscussing. Inthatcase asktospeakinpersonassoonas vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.
,
possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd
sensibly seeitasanopportunitytoclearupanydifficultiesyou joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride
— ,
may have with this person. immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
1.After realising an email accident you are likely to feel Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods
,
. around the country from Orange County California where
, , 22
A.curious B.tired measles cases were reported this month to Brooklyn N.Y.
, , ,
C.awful D.funny where a ⁃year⁃old caused an outbreak last year.
17
2.If you have written the wrong name in an email it is best The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades and it
, ,
to . is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take
A.apologise in a serious manner that risk selfishly make others suffer.
B.tell the receiver to ignore the error Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to
C.learn to write the name correctly opt out 决定不参加 of what are supposed to be required
( )
D.send a short notice to everyone vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states
3.Whatshouldyoudowhenanunpleasantconversationisstarted allow parents to get an exemption 豁免 sometimes just by
( ),
by your reply all email signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
“ ” ?
A.Try offering other choices. Now severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnew
,
B.Avoid further involvement. regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit
C.Meet other staff members. exemptions.
D.Make a light⁃hearted apology. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical
4.How shouldyoudealwiththe problem causedbyanoffensive or religious reasons. But personal opinions Not good enough.
?
email Everyone enjoys the life⁃saving benefits vaccines provide but
? ,
A.By promising not to offend the receiver again. theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
专题十 主旨要义 3 27
1.The first two paragraphs suggest that . C.The features of measles itself.
A.a small numberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrend D.The vaccine opt⁃outs of some people.
B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention 4.What is the purpose of the passage
?
C.anti⁃vaccine movement has its medical reasons A.To introduce the idea of exemption.
D.information about measles spreads quickly B.To discuss methods to cure measles.
2.Herd immunity works well when . C.To stress the importance of vaccination.
A.exemptions are allowed D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
B.several vaccines are used together 答案
C.the whole neighborhood is involved in 1.A
D.new regulations are added to the state laws 2.C
3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles 3.D
?
A.The overuse of vaccine. 4.C
B.The lack of medical care.
C 组 教师专用题组
Passage1(2021天津春 D These expansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnew
, )
Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist evenif perspectives.We begintoseetheinterconnectednessofonething
,
you are a specialist.Knowing a little about a lot of things that to another in all aspects of our life of ourselves and the
,
interest you can add to the richness of a whole well⁃lived life. universe. Developbroad generalknowledgeandexperience.The
, ,
Society pushes us to specialize to become experts.This universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
,
requires commitment to a particular occupation branch of study 1.To become a specialist one may have to .
, ,
or research.The drawback to being specialists is we often come A.narrow his range of knowledge
to know moreandmore aboutlessandless.There isa greatdeal B.avoid responsibilities at work
of pressure to master ones field.You may pursue training C.know more about the society
,
degrees or increasing levels of responsibility at work.Then you D.broaden his perspective on life
,
discover the pressure of having to keep up. 2.The specialists mentioned in Paragraph tend to .
3
Some peopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheir A.treasure their freedom
narrow specialty.But such commitment can also weaken a sense B.travel around the world
of freedom.These specialists could work at the office until ten C.spend most time working
each night thenlookbackandrealize theywouldhave lovedto D.enjoy meeting funny people
,
have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and 3.According to the author a superiordoctorisonewho .
,
friends or traveled to exciting places meeting interesting A.is fully aware of his talent and ability
, ,
people.Mastering one thing to the exclusion 排除 of others B.is a pure specialist in medicine
( )
can hold back your true spirit. C.should love poetry and philosophy
Generalists on the other hand know a lot about a wide D.brings knowledge of other fields to work
, ,
range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. 4.What doestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni
?
They are people of ability talent and enthusiasm who can A.Passion alone does not ensure a persons success.
, ,
bring their broad perspective 视角 into specific fields of B.In⁃depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
( )
expertise 专长 .The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher C.Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
( )
is a superior doctor one who can give so much more to his D.Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
,
patients than just good medical skills. 5.What could be the best title for the passage
?
Things are connected.Let your expertise in one field fuel A.Be More a Generalist than a Specialist
your passionsinallrelatedareas.Some ofyourinterestsmaynot B.Specialist or Generalist Hard to Decide
:
appear to be connected but once you explore their depths you C.Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
, ,
discover that they are.My editor Toni who is also a writer has D.Ways to Become a Generalist
, ,
edited several history books.She has decided to study Chinese 答案
history.Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City [语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文 主题语境是人与自我 主
。 ,
as a painter she is equally interested to learn more about 题语境内容为丰富自我 本文讨论了专业与博学的关系 作
, 。 ,
Chinese philosophy. I dont know where it will lead but Im 者认为事事相关联 应该让你在一个领域的专长激发你在其
“ , ,
excited Im on this pursuit. 他相关领域的热情
” 。
3 28 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present⁃
day problems In 2015 scientists discovered that a 10th⁃
: ,
century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug⁃
resistant virus.
The work has also brought insights for museums Smith
,
says. One must know how an object was made in order to
preserve it. Whatsmore reconstructionsmightbetheonlyway
,
toknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.
Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and
Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of
striking colours. We cant appreciate these kinds of details
without seeing works of art as they originally appeared
1.A 细节理解题 根据第二段第三句Thedrawbacktobeing —
。
something Smith believes you can do only when you have a
specialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutless
road map.
andless. 成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的东西了
( Smith hasputthemanuscriptsideasintopractice. Herfinal
解得越来越多 可知答案为A 缩小了知识面
。) ( )。 goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together. She
2.C 推理判断题 依据第三段第一句 Some people seem
。 believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a
willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. 有
( kind oflearningthathighlightsexperimentation teamwork and
些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作 , ,
。) problem solving.
可知答案为C
。 Back when science then called the new philosophy
3.D 细节理解题 依据第四段最后一句 The doctor who is — “ ”—
。 took shape academics looked to craftsmen for help in
also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor one who can ,
, understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes
give so much more to his patients than just good medical
were invented by way of artistic tinkering 修 补 as
skills. 这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医 ( ),
( craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
生 他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西 可知
, 。) If we can rediscover the values of hands⁃on experience and
答案选D 将其他领域的知识带到工作中
( )。 craftwork Smith says we can marry the best of our modern
4.D 推理判断题 根据第五段中Some of your interests may , ,
。 insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
notappeartobeconnectedbut onceyouexploretheirdepths
, , 1.How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript
you discover that they are. 你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有 ?
( A.Confused about the technical terms.
联系 但一旦你深入探索 你就会发现它们是有联系的
, , 。) B.Impressed with its detailed instructions.
可知选D 看似无关的兴趣在某种程度上是联系在一起
( C.Discouraged by its complex structure.
的
)。 D.Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.
5.A 主旨要义题 本文的主旨是希望人们更加博学而不是
。 2.According to Smith the reconstruction work is done mainly
只顾专业 故选A 做一个多才的人 而不是专家 ,
。 ( , )。 to .
Passage2(2020北京 C)
, A.restore old workshops
For the past five years Paula Smith a historian of
, , B.understand the craftsmen
science has devoted herself to re⁃creating long⁃forgotten
, C.improve visual effects
techniques. While doing research for her new book she came
D.inspire the philosophers
,
across a 16th⁃century French manuscript 手稿 consisting of
3.Why does the author mention museums
( )
?
nearly 1 000 sets of instructions covering subjects from tool A.To reveal the beauty of ancient objects.
, ,
making to finding the best sand.
B.To present the findings of old science.
The authorsintentionremainsasmysterious 神秘 ashis C.To highlight the importance of antiques.
( )
name he may have been simply taking notes for his own D.To emphasise the values of hand skills.
;
records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didnt 4.Which would be the best title for this passage
?
truly grasp any of the skills the author described. You simply A.Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists
“
cant get an understanding of that handwork by reading about B.Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories
it she says. C.Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
,”
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand doing D.Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science
,
thingstheold⁃fashionedwayisntjustaboutplayingaroundwith 答案
French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen 工匠 [语篇解读] 本文为夹叙夹议文 主题语境为人与社会
( ) 。 。
who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world 主题语境内容为科学与技术 作者通过科学历史学家葆
, 。
what objects filled their homes and what went on in the 拉 史密斯致力于被遗忘已久的技术这一事例来证明工艺
, ·
专题十 主旨要义 3 29
造就了更好的科学家 Melissa his daughter felt it more than worthwhile to save
。 , ,
1.D 细节理解题 本题题干意为 在读了法语手稿后 史密 his music to which she fell asleep each night when she was
。 : , ,
斯有什么感觉 根据第二段第二句 But Smith was struck young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work
? “
mainly by the fact that she didnt truly grasp any of the skills with her father.
the author described. 但让史密斯震惊的主要是 她并没有 Naomi Melissas best friend and a talented pianist got to
( , , ,
真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能 可知答案为 D项 她 know about this and showed willingness to help.
。)” (
为自己缺乏手工技能而感到震惊 其他选项文中并未 Why do this Steve wondered.
。)。 “ ?”
提及 Because she cares Melissa said.
。 “ ,”
2.B 细节理解题 本题题干意为 按照史密斯的说法 进行 Steve nodded tear in eye.
。 : , ,
复原工作主要是为了 根据第三段第二句 Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve shed
。
Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmenwholivedcenturies love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the
“
ago can revealhowtheyviewedtheworld whatobjectsfilled bench hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the
, ,
theirhomes andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproduced keys.
,
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops
them. 复原生活在几个世纪前的工匠的作品可以揭示他们
(
and mistakes. Longpauses heartsinking. ButStevepressedon
如何看待世界 他们的家里有什么东西和生产这些东西的
, ,
、
playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
工场里发生了什么 可知答案为 B 项 了解工匠 A
。)” ( )。 :
It was beautiful Naomi said after listening to the
复原老工场 C 改善视觉效果 D 激励哲学家
“ ,”
; : ; : 。
recording. The music was worth saving.
3.D 推理判断题 本题题干意为 为什么作者提及博物馆 “ ”
。 : ? Her responsibility her privilege would be to rescue it.
第三段提到重现古代工匠们的作品的作用 即可以更好地 , ,
, The music was still in Steve Goodwin. It was hidden in rooms
了解他们的世界观 工作 生活环境 第四段指出这些作品
, 、 ; with doors about to be locked.
也给博物馆带来启示 为了更好地保护文物 博物馆必须了
: , Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours
解文物的创作过程 而重现作品可能是了解宝藏原本的样
, together. Hed movehisfingersclumsilyonthe piano andthen
子的唯一方法 由此可推知 作者提及博物馆是为了进一 ,
。 , shed takehisplace. Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhis
步强调手工技术的重要性 故答案为D项 A 揭示古代物
, 。 : head. He stood by the piano eyes closed listening for the first
品的美丽 B 展示古代科学的发现 C 强调古董的重要性 , ,
; : ; : 。 time to his own work being played by someone else.
以上三项文中并未涉及 故被排除
, 。 Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines beats
4.C 主旨要义题 本题题干意为 本文的最佳题目是哪个 : , ,
。 : ? intervals moving from the root to end a song in a new key.
本文以史密斯致力于被遗忘已久的技术为线索 介绍了工 ,
, Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldnt play it.
艺对科学的促进 由此可推知本文的最佳标题应为 C 项
, Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited
工艺造就了更好的科学家 A 工匠为艺术家引领潮流
( )。 : ; within him the belief he could write one last song. One day
B 工艺产生新的理论 D 工匠重新塑造科学的未来 ,
: ; : 。 Naomi receivedanemail. Attachedwasarecording arecording
长难句 While doing research for her new book, she came ,
of loss and love of the fight. Steve called it Melancholy
across a th⁃century French manuscript consisting of nearly , “
16 Flower.
, setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingto ”
1 000 Naomi heard multiple stops and starts. Steve struggling
finding the best sand. 在为她的新书做研究时,她偶然发现了一 ,
searching while his wife Joni called him honey and
本 世纪的法国手稿,里面有近 , 套用法说明,涵盖了从工 “ ”
encouraged him. The task was so hard and Steve angry and
16 1 000
具制作到寻找最好的沙子等主题。 , ,
upset said he was quitting. Joni praised him telling her
, ,
句中的核心成分是 “she came across a th⁃century
husband this could be his signature piece.
16
French manuscript”,“While doing research for her new book”
Naomi managed to figure out of Steves favorite and
16 ,
是状语(表示她是在做研究时偶然发现的手稿)。 “consisting most personal songs. With Naomis help the Goodwin family
, ,
of nearly , setsofinstructions”是manuscript的定语(表示 found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steves songs.
1 000
手稿是由近 , 套用法说明组成的)。 “covering subjects Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasnt.
1 000
from tool making to finding the best sand”是 instructions的定 In the months leading up to the Oregon Repertory
2016
语(表示用法说明涵盖了从工具制作到寻找最好的沙子等主 Singers Christmas concert Naomi told the director she had a
,
题)。 special one in mind Melancholy Flower.
:“ ”
Passage3( 江苏,D) She told the director about her project with Steve. The
2019
The ⁃year⁃old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would
65
early Alzheimers 阿尔兹海默症 . He was losing his memory. have to ask Steves permission. He considered it an honor.
( )
A software engineer by profession Steve was a keen lover After theconcert NaomitoldthefamilythatStevesmusic
, ,
of thepiano andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily. Musicwashis was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.
,
true passion thoughhe hadneverperformedoutsidethefamily. The family rented a former church in downtown Portland
,
3 30 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
and scheduledaconcert. Bythedayoftheshow morethan 2.B 细节理解题 由题干 After hearing Steves playing
, 300 。 ,
people had said they would attend. Naomi .可定位到 Naomi听 Steve 弹奏之后的语句
。
By then Steve was having a hard time remembering the 根据 It was beautiful 和 The music was worth saving. 可
, “ ,” “ ”
names ofsomeofhisfriends. Heknewthepathhislifewasnow 知 Naomi 对 Steve 的弹奏很欣赏 印象很深刻 deeply
, , (
taking. He told his family he was at peace. impressed 故选B项
), 。
Steve arrived and sat in the front row surrounded by his 3.A 细节理解题 由题干中的 the process of Steves
, 。
family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her recording可定位到文章中描述Steve弹奏钢琴的语句 根
。
fingers. His heart. 据Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses heart sinking.
,
1.Why did Melissa want to save her fathers music 可知 Steve的弹奏和录音的过程是缓慢的 结合下文可
? , 。
A.His music could stop his disease from worsening. 知 他弹奏的录音是富有成效的 productive 故选A
, ( )。 。
B.She wanted to please her dying old father. 4.C 推理判断题 由题干 Before Steve finished Melancholy
。 “
C.His music deserved to be preserved in the family. Flower his wife Joni .可定位到和Steve的妻子有关的
,”
D.She wanted to make her father a professional. 段落 根据 Joni thoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasnt. 和
。 “ ”
2.After hearing Steves playing Naomi .
下文提到音乐会的举办可推知 他的妻子当初并未充分意识到
,
,
A.refused to make a comment on it
她丈夫的音乐的价值 didnt fully realize the value of her
(
B.was deeply impressed by his music
husbandsmusic 故选C
)。 。
C.decided to free Steve from suffering
5.D 细节理解题 由题干中的 How did Steve feel at the
。
D.regretted offering help to her friend
concert...可定位到文章最后对 Steve参加音乐会的细节介
3.How can the process of Steves recording be described
? 绍 根据文章倒数第二段中 He knew the path his life was
A.It was slow but productive. 。 “
now taking. He told his family he was at peace. 可知 Steve
B.It was beneficial to his health. ” ,
现在的状态很平静 peace/quiet 故选D
C.It was tiresome for Naomi. ( )。 。
6.B 主旨要义题 文章的主线是音乐 讲述了阿尔兹海默
D.It was vital for Naomis career. 。 ,
症患者Steve在家人和朋友的鼓励和帮助下 充分发挥自
4. Before Steve finished Melancholy Flower his wife ,
“ ,” 己的音乐才能 获得成功的故事 故选B项 The Power of
Joni . , 。 (
Music 作为文章的标题
A.thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted ) 。
高级词块 passion n.热衷的爱好 privilege n.荣幸;保密
B.didnt expect the damage the disease brought about
权 clumsily adv.笨拙地 multiple adj.多的 figure out弄明
C.didnt fully realize the value of her husbands music
白,搞清楚 permission n.许可
D.brought her husbands music career to perfection
Passage 4(2018课标全国Ⅱ,D)
5.How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland
? Weve all been there in a lift in line at the bank or on an
A.He felt concerned about his illness. : ,
airplane surroundedbypeoplewhoare likeus deeplyfocused
B.He sensed a responsibility for music. , , ,
on their smartphones or worse struggling with the
C.He regained his faith in music. , ,
uncomfortable silence.
D.He got into a state of quiet.
Whats the problem Its possible that we all have
6.What can be a suitable title for the passage ?
? compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that
A.The Kindness of Friends
none of us start a conversation because its awkward and
B.The Power of Music
challenging or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the
C.The Making of a Musician
,
next timeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers considerthatsmall
D.The Value of Determination
,
答案 talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 主题语境为人与自我 主题语 practice that results in big benefits.
。 ,
境内容为家庭生活 社区生活和积极的生活态度 文章通过 Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy but we cant
、 。 ,
讲述 岁身患阿尔兹海默症的老人Steve在女儿 妻子和女 forget thatdeeprelationshipswouldntevenexistifitwerentfor
65 、
儿的钢琴家朋友Naomi的帮助下 战胜各种困难 逐步找到 casual conversation. Small talk is the grease 润滑剂 for social
, , ( )
自信 使用钢琴进行创作的故事 帮助学生增强在艰难中认 communication says Bernardo Carducci director of the
, , , ,
识世界 认识自我的意识 培养其不抛弃 不放弃的优秀 Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.
、 , 、
品格 Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbegins
。 “
1.C 细节理解题 由题干中的 Melissa want to save her with small talk he explains. The key to successful small talk
。 ,” “
fathers music可定位到文章第三段 根据该段关键部分 is learning how to connect with others not just communicate
。 ,
felt it more than worthwhile to save his music to which she with them.
, ”
fell asleep each night when she was young可知 女儿认为爸 In a study Elizabeth Dunn associate professor of
, 2014 , ,
爸的音乐很有纪念意义 值得保存下来 故选C psychology at UBC invited people on their way into a coffee
, , 。 ,
专题十 主旨要义 3 31
shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction 互动 第三句 几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一单大的生意都源
( ) (
with its waiter the other to speak only when necessary. The 于闲聊 的影响 犯了逻辑推理错误 C项 聚焦一个话题 在
; , ) , ; “ ”
results showed that those who chatted with their server reported 文中没有涉及
。
significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop 3.D 推理判断题 题干句意 关于闲聊 咖啡店调研表明了
。 : ,
experience. Its not that talking to the waiter is better than 什么 根据第四段中的内容 结果表明那些同服务生闲聊
“ ? (
talking to your husband says Dunn. But interactions with 的人明显有更高的积极情感和较好的咖啡店体验 不是同
,” “ 。
peripheral 边缘的 members of our social network matter for 服务生交谈比和你的丈夫交谈更好 而是同社交网络的边
( ) ,
our well⁃being also. 缘人员的互动也对我们的健康和幸福很重要 可知 D 项
” ) ,
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a 它使得人们感觉良好 与题意相符 故答案为D项 A项
“ ” , 。
significantly greater sense of belonging a bond with others. 它改善家庭关系 B项 它提升人们的自信 和C项 它
, “ ”、 “ ” “
Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts 和正式交谈一样重要 在文章中没有涉及 属于主观臆断
” , 。
with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners he 4.C 主旨要义题 题干句意 文章最好的标题是什么 根
“ ,” 。 : ?
says. 据第二段最后一句 专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的
(
1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph 极有价值的社交行为 以及最后一段最后一句 闲聊是良
? ) (
A.Addiction to smartphones. 好举止的基础 可知 C项 闲聊的益处 与题干要求一致
) , “ ” ,
B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places. 故答案为C项 A项 会话很重要 为干扰项 错在偷换概
。 “ ” ,
C.Absence of communication between strangers. 念 conversation 会话 交谈 和small talk 闲谈 不是一个
, ( , ) ( )
D.Impatience with slow service. 概念 文章没有就闲聊的方式或方法做具体的解释 故排除
; ,
2.What is important for successful small talk according to B项 进行闲聊的方式 D项 令人不安的沉默 只是第一
“ ”; “ ”
Carducci 段提到的现象之一 而不是文章的主旨
? , 。
A.Showing good manners. Passage 5 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,B)
B.Relating to other people. Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare
,
C.Focusing on a topic. like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because
D.Making business deals. they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications
3.What does the coffee⁃shop study suggest about small talk and trade.New York City for example is near a large harbour
? , ,
A.It improves family relationships. at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over years its population
300
B.It raises peoples confidence. grew gradually from people to million.But not all cities
800 8
C.It matters as much as a formal talk. develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow
D.It makes people feel good. from nothing almost overnight.In Dawson Canada was
1896, , ,
4.What is the best title for the text? unmapped wilderness 荒野 .But gold was discovered there in
( )
A.Conversation Counts and two years later it was one of the largest cities in the
1897, ,
B.Ways of Making Small Talk West with a population of .
, 30,000
C.Benefits of Small Talk Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of
D.Uncomfortable Silence cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They
答案
travelled over snow⁃covered mountains and sailed hundreds of
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文 介绍了 small talk 闲聊 的 miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty
。 “ ( )”
重要性及其意义 feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche
。
1.C 细节理解题 题干句意 第一段描述的是什么现象 雪崩 once closed the path killing people.For many who
。 : ?
( ) , 63
根据第一段描述 无论我们身在何处 在电梯里 在银行排
made it to Dawson however the rewards were worth the
( , 、
, ,
队或者在飞机上 我们周围的人或是像我们一样在埋头看
difficulttrip.Ofthefirst peoplewhodugforgold
,
20,000 ,4,000
智能手机 或是更坏 在和令人不安的沉默做斗争 可知 C
got rich.About of these stayed rich men for the rest of their
, , ) ,
100
项 陌生人之间缺乏交流 和首段描述一致 故答案为 C
lives.
“ ” ,
项 A项 手机控 只是该段描述现象时举的例子 B 项
But no matter how rich they were Dawson was never
。 “ ” ;
,
公共场合的不恰当行为 与首段意思不符 D 项 对缓慢
comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very
“ ” ; “
的服务缺乏耐心 和第一段的描述无关
expensive.But soon the gold that Dawson depended on had all
” 。
,
2.B 细节理解题 题干句意 根据Carducci的说法 对于成
been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with
。 : ,
功的闲聊来说什么是重要的 根据第三段最后一句 成功
no interest in settling down and when they heard there were
? (
,
的闲聊的关键是学会如何同他人建立联系而不仅仅是同他
new gold discoveries in Alaska they left Dawson City as
,
们交流 可知 B项 能够理解并认同他人 符合题意 故答
quickly as they had come.Today people still come and go to
) , “ ” ,
, —
案为B项 本题干扰项为A 显示良好的行为举止 错因
。 “ ”, see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the
在于锁定的句子 最后一段最后一句 闲聊是良好举止的
“ ( chief industry of Dawson City its present population is .
— 762
基础 和题干要求不一致 答非所问 D项 做生意 受第三段
)” , ; “ ”
3 32 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City Passage 6(2016课标全国Ⅰ,D)
?
A.Its business culture. The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.
B.Its small population. Silences may be thoughtful or they may be empty when a
,
C.Its geographical position. person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also
D.Its favourable climate. show stubbornness uneasiness or worry. Silence may be
, ,
2.What doweknowabout those whofirst dugfor goldinDawson viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable
? ;
A.Two⁃thirds of them stayed there. therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap 间隙 with
( )
B.One out of five people got rich. conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and
C.Almost everyone gave up. view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.
D.Half of them died. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic
3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson part of communicating among people just as some traditional
? ,
A.They found the city too crowded. Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore when a person from
,
B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops what may
,
C.They were unable to stand the winter. be implied 暗示 is that the person wants the listener to
( )
D.They were short of food. consider whathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing. Inthesecultures
,
4.What is the text mainly about silence is a call for reflection.
?
A.The rise and fall of a city. Other cultures may use silence in other ways particularly
,
B.The gold rush in Canada. when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of
C.Journeys into the wilderness. people with different amounts of power. For example Russian
, ,
D.Tourism in Dawson. French andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreement
,
答案 between parties about the topic under discussion. However
,
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文 题材为城市环境类 城 Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a
, 。
市的兴起壮大 城市的兴起又衰落 这背后的原因是什么 person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing
, ,
呢 本文以纽约和道森两个城市为例 给出了隐藏在背后 with him or her. In still another use persons in Asian cultures
? , ,
的真正推手 may viewsilence asasignofrespect particularlytoanelderor
。 ,
1.C 推理判断题 题干句意 是什么吸引那些早期定居者 a person in authority.
。 :
来到纽约市的呢 根据第一段第三句话 例如纽约市 它在 Nurses and other care⁃givers need to be aware of the
? ( ,
哈得孙河入海口的一个大港口附近 并结合第四句可知 possible meaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonal
。) ,
这个优越的地理位置使得纽约市的人口在 年的时间里 anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should
300
从 增长到 万 所以答案为C项 它的地理位置 A recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence
800 800 。 : 。
项 它的贸易文化 B 项 它的稀少的人口 D 项 它的宜 so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed
: 。 : 。 :
人气候 这三项原文均未提及 to goonunnecessarily. Anursewhounderstandsthe healing 治
。 。 (
2.B 细节理解题 题干句意 对那些第一批到达道森市淘 愈 value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the
。 : )
金的人我们了解到了什么 根据第二段倒数第二句话 在 care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
? (
第一批淘金的 人中 有 人富了起来 可知有 1.What does the author say about silence in conversations
20,000 , 4,000 。) ?
五分之一的人富了起来 故B项正确 A.It implies anger. B.It promotes friendship.
, 。
3.B 推理判断题 题干句意 很多人离开道森的主要原因 C.It is culture⁃specific. D.It is content⁃based.
。 :
是什么 根据第三段第四句话第一个逗号后的部分 当他
2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call
? (
们听说在阿拉斯加州发现了新的金矿后 他们就像当初匆
for careful thought
,
?
忙来道森市一样 又匆忙离开了这里 可推断出这些人匆匆
A.The Chinese. B.The French.
, )
忙忙离开这里去阿拉斯加州淘金去了 又去碰运气看能不
C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians.
,
能变富 B项 他们想去别的地方碰运气 与原文意思相
3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence
。 “ 。”
?
符 A项 他们觉得这个城市太拥挤了 C项 他们无法忍
A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.
。 : 。 :
受这里的冬天 D项 他们缺少食物 这三项与原文不符
B.Break it while treating patients.
。 : 。 。
4.A 主旨要义题 文章第一段第一句话提出观点 一个城
C.Evaluate its harm to patients.
。 :
市之所以矗立在那里是有充分的原因的 后文以两个城市
D.Make use of its healing effects.
。
为例来论证这个观点 纽约市的兴起是因为它优越的地理
4.What may be the best title for the text
。
?
位置 道森市的兴起是因为这里发现了金矿 而这座城市
A.Sound and Silence
。 ,
的衰落是因为这里没有了金矿 由此可知本文主要描述了
B.What It Means to Be Silent
。
一个城市的兴起和衰落及其背后的原因 这与A项相符
。 。 C.Silence to Native Americans
B项 加拿大的淘金热 C 项 踏进荒野的旅程 D 项 道
: 。 : 。 : D.Speech Is Silver Silence Is Gold
;
森的旅游业 这三项都不是主题
。 。
专题十 主旨要义 3 33
答案 2.What does the underlined word it in Paragraph refer to
“ ” 2 ?
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文 文章讲述了沉默在不同 A.The book.
。
风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用 B.An adventure.
。
1.C 推理判断题 根据文章前三段可知沉默在不同风俗中 C.A public place.
。
所表达的含义不同 由此可判断在谈话中的沉默是有风俗 D.The identification number.
,
特性的 故选C项 3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it
, 。 ?
2.A 推理判断题 根据文章第二段可知正如一些传统的中 A.Meet other readers to discuss it.
。
国人和泰国人做的那样 许多印第安人重视沉默 认为沉默 B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.
, ,
是交流的一个基本的部分 并且在这些风俗里 沉默是一 C.Pass it on to another reader.
。 ,
个思考的需要 根据第二段的Chinese and Thai persons 可 D.Mail it back to its owner.
。
将B C D排除 4.What is the best title for the text
、 、 。 ?
3.D 细节理解题 根据文章最后一段可知护士和其他护理 A.Online Reading A Virtual Tour
。 :
人员要明白沉默的治疗价值 并且使用这种方式帮助来自 B.Electronic Books A New Trend
, :
自己风俗的或其他风俗的病人 故选D项 其他三项文中 C.A Book Group Brings Tradition Back
, 。
未提到 D.A Website Links People through Books
。
4.B 主旨要义题 文章主要讲述的是沉默在各个风俗中所 答案
。
表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用 故选 B 项 意为 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文 文章主要介绍了网站
, , 。
沉默的意义 A项 声音和沉默 文中未提及声音 C BookCrossing.com用一种新型的书的传递方式 将人们通过
“ ”。 “ ”, 。 ,
项显然只是说美国人 有些片面 D项 说话是银 沉默是 书联系了起来
, 。 “ , 。
金 与文章内容不符 1.B 推理判断题 根据文章第一段最后一句可知作者提到
”, 。 。
Passage 7(2016课标全国Ⅱ,C) bookgroups是为了介绍网站BookCrossing.com的新颖的读
Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who 书模式 因此选B
, 。
belong tobookgroups. Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeet 2.A 猜测词义题 根据文章第二段最后一句可知 那个人
。 ,
to discuss them. Now the website BookCrossing.com turns the 将读过的书留在公共场合 希望那本书有一次冒险经历 伴
, , ,
page on the traditional idea of a book group. 随着每一个发现它的新的读者到处旅行
。
Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownand 3.C 细节理解题 根据文章第四段第一句可知 读过书的
。 ,
would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification 人会将书留在公园的长凳上 公交车上 火车站里和咖啡店
、 、
number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a 里 同时根据第五段倒数第一句可判断这个想法是针对那
,
public place hoping that the book will have an adventure 些不把书放在家里让它们落一层尘土的慷慨的人的 故选
, , ,
traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. C项
。
Bruce Pederson the managing director of BookCrossing 4.D 主旨要义题 根据全文可知 文章主要讲述的是一种
, , 。 ,
says The two things that change your life are the people you 新型的读书方式 通过书的传递使人们从虚拟世界回到真
,“ ,
meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both. 实的世界 由此可判断是这个网站将人们联系了起来 故
” 。 ,
Members leave books on park benches and buses in train 选D项
, 。
stations andcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothe Passage 8(2016四川,D)
site and record where they found it. A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry choice for those wanting a good nights sleep. But now a study
hasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff ifitismilkedfrom
describing what they thought of it. E⁃mails are then sent to the
—
a cow at night.
BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books
Researchers have discovered that night milk contains
have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not
“ ”
more melatonin 褪黑激素 which has been proven to help
tobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.
( ),
people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
BookCrossingispart of a trendamong people who want to get
The study by researchers from Seoul South Korea
backtothe real andnot the virtual 虚拟 .The site nowhas more
, , ,
“ ” ( )
involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from
than one million members in more than one hundred thirty⁃five
cows milked both during the day and at night.
countries.
Those given night milk which contained times the
1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first
, 10
amount of melatonin were less active and less anxious than
paragraph
,
?
those fed with the milk collected during daytime according to
A.To explain what they are.
,
the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
B.To introduce BookCrossing.
Night milkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemice
C.To stress the importance of reading.
to sleep longer.
D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time
3 34 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
has not been tested on humans up to now taking melatonin 本句是复合句。 givennightmilk作第一个those的定语;
,
drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall which引导的定语从句修饰 night milk; fed with the milk
asleep at night. collected during daytime是第二个those的定语,其中collected
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be during daytime作它前面milk的定语。
excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content Passage 9(2016天津,D)
,
which helps people to relax. Failure isprobablythe mostexhaustingexperience aperson
Milk is also sugar⁃free and additive⁃free with nutritionists ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.
recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it We experience this tiredness in two ways as start⁃up fatigue
:
is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime 疲惫 and performance fatigue. In the former case we keep
, ( ) ,
the greater burden you will put on your body at night. putting off ataskbecauseitiseithertooboringortoodifficult.And
1.Accordingtothetext themicefedwithdaytimemilk . the longer we delay it the more tired we feel.
, ,
A.started sleep more easily B.were more anxious Such start⁃up fatigue is very real even if not actually
,
C.were less active D.woke up later physical not something in our muscles and bones. The solution
,
2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply always handle the
:
text most difficult job first.
?
A.Its been tested on mice for ten times. Years ago I was asked to write essays on the great
, 102
B.It can make people more energetic. ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule I
,
C.It exists in milk in great amount. determined to write them in alphabetical order 按字母顺序
( ),
D.Its used in sleeping drugs. never letting myselfleaveoutatoughidea. AndIalwaysstarted
3.What can be a suitable title for the text the days work with the difficult task of essay⁃writing.
?
A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat Sugar and Health Experience proved that the rule works.
,
C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though
willing to get started we cannot seem to do the job right. Its
4.How does the author support the theme of the text
,
?
difficulties appear sogreatthat howeverhardwework we fail
A.By giving examples.
, ,
again and again. In such a situation I work as hard as I can
B.By stating arguments.
, —
then let the unconscious take over.
C.By explaining statistical data.
When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica 大英百科全
D.By providing research results.
(《
书 I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of
答案
》),
itsarticles. Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore andday
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文 题材为科普知识类 文章
,
, 。
after day I kept coming up with solutions but none of them
主要阐述了牛在夜间产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系 科研人 ,
,
worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.
员对此进行了实验 发现这样的牛奶有助于睡眠
, 。
One day mentallyexhausted Iwrotedownallthereasons
1.B 推理判断题 根据文章第四段可知 那些被喂食了夜 , ,
。 : why thisproblemcouldnotbesolved. Itriedtoconvincemyself
间产出的含十倍量褪黑激素牛奶的老鼠和被喂食了白天产
that the trouble was with the problem itself not with me.
出的牛奶的老鼠相比积极性要差些 也不容易焦躁 故答案 ,
, , Relieved I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.
为 B 项 ,
。 An hourlater Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearly
2.D 细节理解题 根据文章第六段可知 建议晚上睡眠有 ,
。 : in mind. In the weeks that followed the solution which had
困难的人服用褪黑激素药物 故答案为 D 项 褪黑激素被 ,
, , come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.
用于安眠药中
。 Though I worked as hard as before I felt no fatigue. Success
3.A 主旨要义题 文章第一段就给出了本文的主题 夜间 ,
。 : was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.
产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系 夜间产出的牛奶有助于睡
, Human beings I believe must try to succeed. Success
眠 故答案为A项 , , ,
, 。 then means never feeling tired.
4.D 推理判断题 文章是通过一系列的研究结果来支持主 ,
。 1.People with start⁃up fatigue are most likely to .
题的 所以D 项正确
, 。 A.delay tasks B.work hard
高级词块 nod off打瞌睡 skimmed milk脱脂奶
① ② C.seek help D.accept failure
长难句 Those given night milk, which contained times
10 2.What does the author recommend doing to prevent start⁃up
the amount of melatonin,were less active and less anxious than
fatigue
those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to ?
A.Writing essays in strict order.
the studypublishedinThe JournalofMedicinalFood.根据发表
B.Building up physical strength.
在The Journal of Medicinal Food的一项研究,那些被喂食了
C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.
夜间产出的含十倍量褪黑激素牛奶的老鼠和被喂食了白天
D.Dealing with the hardest task first.
产出的牛奶的老鼠相比积极性要差些,也不容易焦躁。
专题十 主旨要义 3 35
3. On what occasion does a person probably suffer from about how physical objects interact 相互作用 bowls of rice
( ):
performance fatigue do not float in mid⁃air but require support to remain stable.It is
? ,
A.Before starting a difficult task. likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the
B.When all the solutions fail. universe nor are they ever clearly taught it.Instead babies may
; ,
C.If the job is rather boring. from an understanding of object support through repeated
D.After finding a way out. experiments andthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmore
4.According to the author the unconscious mind may help about how objects interact.Though their ranges and tools differ
, ,
us . the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to
A.ignore mental problems share the same aim to learn about the natural world overall
( ),
B.get some nice sleep approach gathering direct evidence from the world and logic
( ),
C.gain complete relief are my observations what I expected .
( ?)
D.find the right solution Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about
5.What could be the best title for the passage more than just the physical world in this way that they
? —
A.Success Is Built upon Failure investigate human psychology and the rules of language using
B.How to Handle Performance Fatigue similar means.For example it may only be through repeated
,
C.Getting over Fatigue A Way to Success experiments evidence gathering and finally overturning a
: , ,
D.Fatigue An Early Sign of Health Problems theory that a baby will come to accept the idea that other
: ,
答案 people can have different views and desires from what he or she
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文 题材为社会生活类 我 has for example unlike the child Mommy actually doesnt
。 。 , , ,
们都在努力追求成功 想一下在你追求成功的路上遇到的最 like Dove chocolate.
,
大障碍是什么 本文就我们在成功路上遇到的两种情况的 Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigation
。
疲惫做了说明 throwslightonhowchildrenlearn butitalsooffersaninspiring
。 ,
1.A 细节理解题 根据第二段中的描述可知 第一种情况 look at science and scientists. Why do young children and
。 ,
的疲惫 start⁃up fatigue 会使得人们不停地把工作任务往 scientists seem to be so much alike Psychologists have
( ) ?
后推 keep putting off a task 由此可知答案为A项 suggested that science as an effort the desire to explore
( )。 。 — ,
2.D 细节理解题 根据第三段最后一句话的 always handle explain and understand our world is simply something that
。 , —
the most difficult job first可知防止出现这种疲惫情况的方 comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution 进化 provided
( )
法就是总是先处理最困难的任务 所以答案为D项 human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their
, 。
3.B 细节理解题 根据第五段中的however hard we work worlds and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive
。 , ,
we fail again and again可知这种疲惫是在我们一次次努力 that served them as children.The same cognitive 认知的
( )
去解决问题 但是一次次失败了的情况下发生的 所以答 systems that make young children feel good about figuring
, 。
案为B项 当所有的解决办法都行不通的时候 something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As
: 。
4.D 细节理解题 根据倒数第二段中的 the solution which some psychologists put it It is not that children are little
。 , “
had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every scientists but that scientists are big children.
”
step可知 在我无意识的情况下想出来的解决办法在解决 1.According to some developmental psychologists .
, ,
问题中每一步都证明是正确的 所以答案为D项 A.a babys play is nothing more than a game
, 。
5.C 主旨要义题 文章第一段提出 没有什么事情比不成 B.scientific research into babies games is possible
。 :
功更让人疲惫的了 后面几段分别描述了常见的两种疲惫 C.the nature of babies play has been thoroughly investigated
;
以及各自的解决办法 最后总结 成功就意味着永远不会感 D.a babysplayissomehowsimilartoascientistsexperiment
; :
到疲惫 所以本文的主题是 消除疲惫 通往成功之路 2.We learn from Paragraph that .
。 : ——— 。 2
故答案为C项 A.scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
。
Passage 10(2016浙江,C) B.scientists and babies often interact with each other
A scientist working at her lab bench and a six⁃month⁃old C.babies are born with the knowledge of object support
baby playingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon. D.babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
After all the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover 3.Children may learn the rules of language by .
,
the very nature of the physical world and the baby is well A.exploring the physical world
, , ,
just playing... right Perhaps but some developmental B.investigating human psychology
? ,
psychologists 心理学家 have argued that this play is more C.repeating their own experiments
( ) “ ”
like a scientific investigation than one might think. D.observing their parents behaviors
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph
?
time thebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge itfallstothe A.The world may be more clearly explained through childrens
,
ground and in the process it brings out important evidence play.
— , ,
3 36 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
B.Studying babies play may lead to a better understanding of goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this
science. cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young
C.Children may have greater ability to figure out things than children. Hefindsthatifbabiesaged monthsseeanunrelated
18
scientists. adult with hands full trying to open a door almost all will
,
D.Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he immediately try to help.
grows. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help
,
5.What is the authors tone when he discusses the connection inform andsharearenottaught butnaturallypossessedinyoung
,
between scientists research and babies play children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age
?
A.Convincing. B.Confused. before most parents have started to train their children to behave
C.Confident D.Cautious. socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved
答案 if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文 科学家的工作过程与婴儿的玩 intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive
,
耍过程看似毫不相干 但通过对比论证 作者认为这两者之 认知的 skills at least when compared with chimps. In tests
, , ( ) ,
间有着惊人的相似之处 儿童探索世界 探究人类心理与学 conducted by Tomasello the human children did no better than
。 、 ,
习语言的过程都与科学家的研究过程存在共性 the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably
。
1.D 细节理解题 根据第一段第三句 有些发展心理学家 better at understanding the social world.
。 ,
认为 玩耍比我们想象的更像是一次科学调查 故选D A The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont
, 。 。
项与原文背道而驰 B 项原文中没有提及 C 项 thoroughly is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability
; ;
有误 is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But
。
2.D 推理判断题 根据第二段最后一句可知婴儿像科学家 beyond that even very young children want to be part of a
。 ,
一样 都收集证据 故选D shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a we a
, 。 。 “ ”,
3.C 细节理解题 根据第三段第一句可知儿童通过这种方 group that intends to work toward a shared goal.
。
式 调查实验的方式 不仅学习了物质世界 同时也了解了 1.What can we learn from the experiment with chimps
( ) , ?
人类的心理和语言的规则 in this way和similar means都 A.Chimps seldom care about others interests.
。
指上文的实验调查方法 故答案选C B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.
, 。
4.B 主旨要义题 根据第四段 把童年的发展看成科学的 C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors food.
。 ,
研究阐明了儿童是如何学习的 但同时它也提供了一个新 D.Chimps naturally share food with each other.
,
的角度去看待科学与科学家 科学家和婴儿都利用好奇心 2. Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that
。
和天性去探究世界 由此可知 研究婴儿的游戏可能会对 they .
。 ,
科学有更好的理解 故选B A.have the instinct to help others
。 。
5.D 推理判断题 纵观全文 尤其根据第一段最后一句 玩耍 B.know how to offer help to adults
。 , ,
会更像科学研究 第二段中的 appear to 第四段中的 have C.know the world better than chimps
, ,
suggested 暗示表明了 perhaps may have beenadopted 很有 D.trust adults with their hands full
( ); ; (
可能被采用 可知 作者步步为营 小心求证儿童的玩耍和科 3.The passage is mainly about .
) , ,
学家做实验的相似之处 论述的语气比较谨慎 故答案选D A.the helping behaviors of young children
, , 。
Passage 11(2016江苏,B) B.ways to train childrens shared intentionality
Chimps 黑猩猩 will cooperate in certain ways like C.cooperation as a distinctive human nature
( ) ,
gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the
D.the development of intelligence in children
minimum requirements as social beings they have little instinct 答案
,
本能 to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文 很小的孩子就会帮助别
( )
。
themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food
人 与人合作和分享 这是人的本性
, , 。
with their children who are able from a young age to gather
1.A 细节理解题 根据文章第二段中的实验得知黑猩猩不
,
。
their own food.
关心 不在乎同类 故 A 项正确 其中 C 项干扰性较大
、 。 。 ,
In the laboratory chimps dont naturally share food either.
黑猩猩只是自私 而不是喜欢那么做
,
, 。
If a chimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffood
2.A 推理判断题 根据文章第三段第一 二句得知小孩帮
。 、
for himself or with no greater effort a plate that also provides
助他人是出于本能 故 A项正确 B项太片面 C D两项
, ,
, 。 ; 、
food foraneighborinthenextcage hewillpullatrandom he
文中没提到
, —
。
just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps
3.C 主旨要义题 通读全文可知 作者通过对黑猩猩和小
。 ,
are truly selfish.
孩进行实验证实了助人 与别人合作是人独有的本能 A
、 。
Human children on the other hand are naturally
, , 项干扰性较大 文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为
, 。
cooperative. From the earliest ages they desire to help others
, ,
to share information and to participate in achieving common
专题十 主旨要义 3 37
Passage 12(2016北京,C) D.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds
California Condors Shocking Recovery 4.This passage shows that .
CaliforniacondorsareNorth A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactory
Americas largest birds with B.Rideouts research interest lies in electric engineering
,
wing⁃lengthofupto meters. In C.the efforts to protect condors have brought good results
3
the s electrical lines and D.researchers have found the final answers to the problem
1980 ,
lead poisoning 铅中毒 nearly 答案
( )
drove them to dying out. Now electric shock training and [语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为动物保护类 文章介绍
, , 。
medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds. 了科学家们采取措施拯救濒危鸟类 California condor 的
———
In the late s the last few condors were taken from the 情况
1980 , 。
wild to be bred 繁殖 . Since there have been multiple 1.D 细节理解题 由首段第二句可知 在 世纪 年代
( ) 1992, 。 , 20 80 ,
reintroductionstothewild andtherearenowmorethan flying 由于电线和铅中毒 California condor这种鸟濒临灭绝 故
, 150 , 。
over California and nearby Arizona Utah and Baja in Mexico. 选D
, 。
Electrical lineshavebeenkillingthemoff. Astheygointo 2.B 细节理解题 由第三段首句 一直以来电线在大量杀
“ 。 “
rest for the night they just dont see the power lines says 死这种鸟 可知答案选B
, ,” ” 。
Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the
3.D 推理判断题 由第五段第三句 这影响到它们的神经
。 “
gap between lines resulting in electrocution 电死 if they
系统和它们繁育小鸟的能力 可推知 答案选D
, ( )
” , 。
touch two lines at once.
4.C 主旨要义题 根据第五段中 This work is starting to
。 “
So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall
pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped
poles placedinlargetrainingareas teachthebirdstostayclear
, , from % in to . % in . 可知答案为C项 保护
of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric 38 2000 54 2011” (
秃鹰的努力取得了良好的效果
shock. Before the training was introduced % of set⁃free birds )。
,66 高级词块 .up to 到达(某数量、程度等) .come up
died of electrocution. This has now dropped to %. 1 2
18 with想出;提出 .survival /s va vl/ n.生存;存活
Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. 3 əˈ ɪ
长难句 Their wings can bridge the gap between lines,
When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead
, resulting in electrocution if they touch two lines at once.它们的
they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous
翅膀能把电线之间的间隙连接起来,结果是如果它们同时接
systems and ability to produce baby birds and can lead to
, 触两根电线的话就会被电死。
kidney 肾 failure and death. So condors with high levels of
( ) 本句为复合句。 if 引导条件状语从句;现在分词短语
lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo where they are treated with
, resulting...作结果状语。
calcium EDTA a chemical that removes lead from the blood
, Passage 13(2015课标全国Ⅱ,B)
over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual
Yourhouse mayhave aneffectonyourfigure. Expertssay
death rate for adult condors has dropped from % in to
38 2000 the way you design your home could play a role in whether you
. % in .
54 2011 pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your
Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average
environment workforyouinsteadofagainstyou. Herearesome
survivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears. Although
“
ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
these measures are not effective forever they are vital for
,
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark
now he says. They are truly good birds that are worth every
,” “
environments are more likely to encourage overeating for
effort we put into recovering them.
,
”
people are often less self⁃conscious 难为情 when theyre in
1.California condors attract researchers interest because they
( )
. poorly litplaces andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood. Ifyour
—
A.are active at night B.had to be bred in the wild home doesnt have enough window light get more lamps and
,
C. are found only in California D. almost died out in flood the place with brightness.
the s Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our
1980
2.Researchers have found electrical lines are . appetites. In one study people who ate meals in a blue room
,
A.blocking condors journey home consumed percent less than those in a yellow or red room.
33
B.big killers of California condors Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing
,
C.rest places for condors at night while coldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry. Sowhenitstimeto
D.used to keep condors away repaint go blue.
,
3.According to Paragraph lead poisoning . Dont forget the clock or the radio. People who eat
5, —
A.makes condors too nervous to fly slowly tend to consume about fewer calories 卡路里 per
70 ( )
B.has little effect on condors kidneys meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping
C.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors blood track of the time and try to make dinner last at least
, 30
3 38 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
minutes. And while youre at it actually sit down to eat. If They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined
,
you need some help slowing down turn on relaxing music. It Dannys mother Diana who owned a small Italian sandwich
, , ,
makes you less likely to rush through a meal. shop. Soon afterwards Helene and Diana changed the sandwich
,
Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can shop intoasmallVietnameserestaurant. Thefivedaughtershelped
easily make us fat. We eat about percent more when using a intherestaurantwhentheywereyoung. However Helenedidnot
22 ,
⁃inch plate instead of a ⁃inch plate. When we choose a want her daughters to always work in the family business because
12 10
large spoon over a smaller one total intake 摄入 jumps by she thought it was too hard.
, ( )
percent. And well pour about percent more liquid into a Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went
14 30
short wide glass than a tall skinny glass. away to work for themselves but one by one the daughters
, , , ,
1.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout . returned to work in the family business. They opened new
A.their home comforts B.their body shape restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though
C.house buying D.healthy diets family members sometimes disagreed with each other they
,
2.A home environment in blue can help people . worked together to make the business successful. Daughter
A.digest food better B.reduce food intake Elizabeth explains Our mother taught us that to succeed we
, “
C.burn more calories D.regain their appetites must have unity and to have unity we must have peace.
,
3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes Without the strength of the family there is no business.
? , ”
A.Eat quickly. B.Play fast music. Their expanding business became a large corporation in
withthreegenerationsofAnsworkingtogether. Nowthe
C.Use smaller spoons. D.Turn down the lights.
1996,
Ans corporation makes more than $ million each year.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
20
?
Although they began with a small restaurant they had big
A.Is Your House Making You Fat
,
?
dreams andtheyworkedtogether. Nowtheyareabigsuccess.
B.Ways of Serving Dinner
,
1.Helene tied several chopsticks together to show .
C.Effects of Self⁃Consciousness
A.the strength of family unity
D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing
?
B.the difficulty of growing up
答案
C.the advantage of chopsticks
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境进行
D.the best way of giving a lesson
饮食调节的方法
。 2.We can learn from Paragraph that the An family .
1.B 细节理解题 根据文章第一句和第二句可知 本文的 2
。 , A.started a business in
阅读对象主要是那些关心自己体形的人 故选B项 1975
。 。 B.left Vietnam without much money
2.B 细节理解题 根据文章第三段第三句话可知 研究发
。 , C.bought a restaurant in San Francisco
现人在蓝色房间里比在黄色或红色房间里吃饭时少摄入
D.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles
%的食物 故选B
33 。 。 3.What can we infer about the An daughters
3.C 细节理解题 根据文章最后一段第四句话可知 我们 ?
。 , A.They did not finish their college education.
使用大的汤匙时摄入食物的总量比使用小的汤匙时摄入食
B.They could not bear to work in the family business.
物的总量多 % 故选C
14 。 。 C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.
4.A 主旨要义题 整篇文章主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内
。 D. They were troubled by disagreement among family
环境与设施进行饮食调节的方法 故选A
。 。 members.
本题考查对文章主旨大意的把握能力。 抓住文章
4.Which ofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage
?
主题句是破解此类题目的关键。 第一段中最后一句是本文
A.How to Run a Corporation
的中心句,说明下文要介绍几种通过改变屋内环境与设施 B.Strength Comes from Peace
进行饮食调节的方法,据此可迅速锁定正确答案。 C.How to Achieve a Big Dream
Passage 14(2015安徽,B) D.Family Unity Builds Success
When her five daughters were young Helene An always 答案
,
told them that there was strength in unity 团结 . To show [语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 题材为日常生活类 用一家人
( ) , 。
this she helduponechopstick representingoneperson. Then 的故事证明了 团结就是力量 Helene An 带领她的五个女
, , “ ”。
she easily broke it into two pieces. Next she tied several 儿把一家小餐馆经营成了一个每年盈利两千多万美元的大
,
chopstickstogether representingafamily. Sheshowedthegirls 型企业
, 。
it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about 1.A 细节理解题 由第一段最后一句话 This lesson about
。 “
family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up. family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up. 可知
”
Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in 答案
。
California. However when Helene and her husband Danny left 2.B 细节理解题 由第二段第二句 However when Helene
, 。 “ ,
their home in Vietnam in they didnt have much money. and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in
1975, 1975,
专题十 主旨要义 3 39
they didnt have much money. 可知答案 D.Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.
” 。
3.C 推理判断题 由第三段最后女儿Elizabeth 所讲的话可 答案
。
以看出妈妈对她们的影响很大 [语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 题材为学校生活类 文章讲述
。 , 。
4.D 主旨要义题 由文章首段故事的引入以及文章最后两 了作者被诊断患有 注意力紊乱 导致作者在学校不能很好
。 “ ”,
句话的呼应可以看出 文章的最佳标题是 家庭团结创造 地完成各项学习任务 后来在 Smith老师的帮助和引导下克
, “ ,
成功 服了困难 很好地完成了阅读任务 让作者从故事和自身经
”。 , ,
Passage15(2015重庆,A) 历中明白了 努力就可以创造奇迹
“ ”。
At thirteen I was diagnosed 诊断 with a kind of attention 1.C 细节理解题 由文章第一段第一句可知答案
, ( ) 。 。
disorder.It made school difficult for me.When everyone else in 2.B 细节理解题 由Instead he invented a reading system of
。 ,
the class was focusing on tasks I could not. raised dots 点 which opened up a whole new world of
, ( ),
In my first literature class Mrs Smith asked us to read a knowledge to the blind.可知B项正确
, 。
story andthenwriteonit allwithin minutes.Iraisedmyhand 3.D 推理判断题 由文章最后一段 Smith老师给作者评定
, 45 。
right awayandsaid Mrs Smith yousee thedoctorsaidIhave 作业等级为A以及她所写下的 See what you can do when
,“ , , “
attention problems.I might not be able to do it. you keep trying 可知 Smith 老师对于作者的态度应该是
” ?”
She glanced down at me through her glasses You are no 鼓励的
,“ “ ”。
different from your classmates young man. 4.C 主旨要义题 本文主要通过作者的亲身经历讲述 努
, ” 。 “
I tried but I didnt finish the reading when the bell rang.I 力可以帮助一个人克服困难
, ”。
had to take it home. Passage16(2015重庆,B)
In the quietness of my bedroom the story suddenly all In ancient Egypt a shopkeeper discovered that he could
, ,
became cleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson LouisBraille.He attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its
,
lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education.But environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead
,
Louis didnt give up.Instead he invented a reading system of with more tactics 策略 .
, ( )
raised dots 点 which opened up a whole new world of One tactic involves where to display the goods. For
( ),
knowledge to the blind. example stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section.
,
Wasnt I the blind in my class being made to learn like They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will
“ ” ,
the sighted students My thoughts spilled out and my pen feel happy so that they will buy more junk food 垃圾食品
“ ” ? ( )
startedtodance.Icompletedthetaskwithin minutes.Indeed I later in their trip. In department stores the womens shoe
40 , ,
was no different from others I just needed a quieter place.If section is generally next to the womens cosmetics 化妆品
; ( )
Louis could find his way out of his problems why should I ever section while the shop assistant is going back to find the right
, :
give up size shoe bored customers are likely to wander over and find
? ,
I didnt expect anything when I handed in my paper to some cosmetics they might want to try later.
Mrs Smith so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me Besides businesses seek to appeal to customers senses.
, ,
the next day withan A onit.Atthe bottom ofthepaperwere Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages
— “ ”
these words See what you can do when you keep trying shopping so they make theirownbreadeachmorningandthen
:“ ?” ,
1.The author didnt finish the reading in class because . fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music
A.he was new to the class sellsgoods too. ResearchersinBritainfoundthatwhenFrench
,
B.he was tired of literature music was played sales of French wines went up.
,
C.he had an attention disorder When itcomestothesellingofhouses businessesalsouse
,
D.he wanted to take the task home highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make
2.What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage decisionsinthefirstfewsecondsuponwalkinginthedoor and
? ,
A.He had good sight. turn itintoabusinessopportunity. ACaliforniabuilderdesigned
B.He made a great invention. the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house
,
C.He gave up reading. the customerwouldseethePacific Oceanthroughthe windows
,
D.He learned a lot from school. and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower
3.What was Mrs Smiths attitude to the author at the end of the level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these
story $ million houses.
? 10
A.Angry. B.Impatient. 1.Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first
C.Sympathetic. D.Encouraging. section
?
4.What is the main idea of the passage A.To save customers time.
?
A.The disabled should be treated with respect. B.To show they are high quality foods.
B.A teacher can open up a new world to students. C.To help sell junk food.
C.One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts. D.To sell them at discount prices.
3 40 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
2.According to Paragraph which of the following encourages questions it responds based on what it learns about each
3, ;
customers to buy individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding
?
A.Opening the store early in the morning. an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family
B.Displaying British wines next to French ones. photos.
C.Inviting customers to play music. Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.
D.Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread. They have potential applications in everything from education to
3.What is the California builders story intended to prove health care and are already finding their way into some of these
?
A.The house structure is a key factor customers consider. spaces.
B.The more costly the house is the better it sells. Fellow Robots isone companybringingsocialrobotstothe
,
C.An ocean view is much to the customers taste. market. The companys Oshbot robot is built to assist
“ ”
D.A good first impression increases sales. customers in a store which can help the customers find items
,
4.What is the main purpose of the passage and helpguidethemtotheproductslocationinthestore. Itcan
?
A.To explain how businesses turn people into their customers. also speak different languages and make recommendations for
B.To introduce how businesses have grown from the past. different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
C.To report researches on customer behavior. The more interaction the robot has with humans the more
,
D.To show dishonest business practices. it learns. But Oshbot like other social robots is not intended
, ,
答案 to replace workers but to work alongside other employees.
,
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为历史与社会类 在古 We havetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotfor
, 。 “
埃及 有位店主发现只需改变店铺的环境就可以把顾客吸 us but with us said Breazeal.
, , ,”
引过来 而现代的商界也追随他的脚步 采用了更多的销 1.How are social robots different from household robots
, , ?
售策略 A.They can control their emotions.
。
1.C 细节理解题 由第二段中的They know that customers B.They are more like humans.
。
who buy thehealthyfoodfirstwillfeelhappysothattheywill C.They do the normal housework.
buy more junk food...可以看出商家首先展示水果 蔬菜的 D.They respond to users more slowly.
、
真正目的是促销他们的垃圾食品 2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph
。 3?
2.D 细节理解题 第三段主要讲商家通过感官来吸引顾 A.Communicate with you and perform operations.
。
客 他们每天早上会烤好面包 让面包的气味整整一天都 B.Answer your questions and make requests.
。 ,
弥漫在店铺里面 以此来刺激顾客的购买欲望 C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
, 。
3.D 推理判断题 最后一段指出 顾客往往在进入房间的 D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
。 ,
最初几秒会作出决定 商人把这变为商机 加利福尼亚的 3.What can Oshbot work as
, 。 ?
建筑师让顾客第一眼看到的是太平洋和游泳池 这帮他销 A.A language teacher. B.A tour guide.
,
售了 万美元的房子 由此证明如果给顾客的第一印 C.A shop assistant. D.A private nurse.
1,000 ,
象好的话就有助于增加销量 4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill .
。
4.A 主旨要义题 概括全文可知 本文主要介绍了商家促 A.train employees B.be our workmates
。 ,
销的几种策略 包括商品摆放 感官影响和第一印象 A项 C.improve technologies D.take the place of workers
, 、 。
解释商家如何把人们变为自己的顾客 符合文章的写作 5.What does the passage mainly present
“ ” ?
目的 A.A new design idea of household robots.
。
Passage17(2015天津,B) B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
Whether in the home or the workplace social robots are C.Information on household robots.
,
going to become a lot more common in the next few years. D.An introduction to social robots.
Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday 答案
world in a more humanized way said Cynthia Breazeal chief [语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为科普知识类 过不了几
, , , 。
scientist at the robot company Jibo. 年 社交类机器人就会以更加人性化的服务方式进入人们的
,
While household robots today do the normal housework 日常生活 它们不仅是一种工具 而且会成为人们的朋友
, 。 , ,
social robots will be much more like companions than mere 根据不同的人群提供不同的服务
。
tools. For example these robots will be able to distinguish 1.B 推理判断题 根据第二段内容可知 如今家庭机器人
, 。 ,
when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond 可以做日常家务 但是社交类机器人则更像是人类的朋友
, ,
more appropriately to the user. 而不仅仅是工具 例如 这些机器人可判断人的不同心情
。 , ,
The Jibo robot arranged to ship later this year is 从而做出不同的反应 由此可推知与家庭机器人相比 这
, , 。 ,
designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the 些机器人更像人类
。
robot ask it questions and make requests for it to perform 2.D 细节理解题 根据第三段内容可知 你可以和这种机
, , 。 ,
different tasks. Therobotdoesntjustdelivergeneralanswersto 器人说话 问它问题 要求它去执行各种任务 这种机器人
, , ,
专题十 主旨要义 3 41
不仅可以给出问题的一般答案 而且还会根据不同的家庭 They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and
,
成员作出不同的反应 如提醒老人吃药或者拍全家福等 pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block
, 。
D项中 服从命令 和 提醒吃药 都是这种机器人可以胜 along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the
“ ” “ ”
任的 block requiredaboutasmuchforceasmovingitalongaslippery
。
3.C 细节理解题 由倒数第二段的 ...is built to assist 滑的 path.
。 “ ( )
customersinastore... 可知 Oshbot可以作为售货员 帮助顾客 West hasnt tested his idea on larger blocks but he thinks
” , , ,
找到他们所需要的商品 并且还能根据顾客需要提出建议 rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least workers
, 。 ,
4.B 细节理解题 根据最后一段第二句可知 设计这种机 wouldnt have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the
。 ,
器人不是用来替代工人的 而是和其他工人一起工作的 因 paths.
, ,
此它们会成为我们的同事 1.Its widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the
。
5.D 主旨要义题 概括全文可知 本文主要介绍了社交类 pyramid site by .
。 ,
机器人 如为家庭提供人性化服务的Jibo robot以及可作为 A.rolling them on roads
,
售货员的Oshbot B.pushing them over the sand
。
C.sliding them on smooth paths
评析 本题难度适中。 做主旨要义题时切不可“以偏概
D.dragging them on some poles
全”,应该从文章整体的角度进行概括总结。 本文第一段为
2.The underlined part lubricated the paths in Paragraph
主题段,social robots 为文章中心词。 注意 C 项中的 “ ” 4
means .
household robots不同于social robots。
A.made the paths wet
Passage18(2015四川,E)
B.made the paths hard
NooneissurehowtheancientEgyptiansbuiltthepyramids
C.made the paths wide
near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rock n
‘ ’ D.made the paths slippery
roll.Long⁃ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the
3.What does the underlined word it in Paragraph refer to
stones and rolled them across the sand the scientists say. “ ” 7 ?
, A.Rolling the blocks with poles attached.
Technically I think what theyre proposing is possible
“ , ,” B.Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
physicist Daniel Bonn said.
C.Rolling poles to move the blocks.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved
D.Rolling the blocks with fat.
such huge rocks.And theres no obvious answer.On average
, 4.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West
each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a ?
A.Because more force is needed for sliding.
large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone
B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the
D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.
blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first
5.What is the text mainly about
would have put the blocks on sleds 滑板 .Then they would ?
( ) A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid
have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier
, site.
workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or
B.Anapplicationofthemethodofmovingblockstothepyramid
with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by
site.
building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to
Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers
the pyramid site.
found small amounts of fat as well as a large amount of stone
D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to
,
and the remains of paths.
the pyramid site.
However physicist Joseph West thinks there might have 答案
,
been a simpler way who led the new study.West said I was [语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为历史与社会类 没有人
, ,“ , 。
inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds 知道古代埃及人是如何建成金字塔的 人们一直困惑于他
。
might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought Why 们运送这些巨大的石块到达金字塔工地的方式 本文介绍
,‘ 。
dont theyjusttryrollingthethings Asquarecouldbeturned 了可能的运送方式
?’” 。
into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its 1.C 细节理解题 由文章第四段首句 The most popular
。 “
sides herealized.That henotes shouldmakeablockofstone a view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth
, , , “
lot easier to roll than a square . paths. 可知答案
” ” 。
So he tried it. 2.D 猜测词义题 根据 To make the work easier workers
。 “ ,
He and hisstudentstiedsomepolestoeachoffoursidesof mayhave...eitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle. 中
”
a ⁃kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into 的wet clay 和the fat from cattle可知 该画线部分为 使路
30 , “
somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground. 面滑 之意
” 。
3 42 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
3.A 推理判断题 根据文章第六段中的 A square could be 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
。 “ ?
turned intoaroughsortofwheelbyattachingwoodenpolesto A.Miracle of the Coastguard.
its sides... 可知A项正确 B.Surviving a Hurricane.
” 。
4.D 推理判断题 由文章最后一段中的 At least workers C.Dangers in the Wild.
。 “ ,
wouldnt have neededtocarrycattlefatorwatertosmooththe D.Coming Back from the Dead.
paths. 可知答案为D 答案
” 。
5.D 主旨要义题 本文主要介绍了运送巨大的石块到达金 [语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 题材为生活故事类 主要讲述
。 , 。
字塔工地的可能的方式 因此答案为D 了一只名叫Judy的狗在掉下悬崖后奇迹般死里逃生的故事
。 。 。
Passage19(2015陕西,B) 1.D 细节理解题 根据第一段可知 Judy 是在追逐一只绵
。 ,
When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her 羊的时候迷失方向而掉下悬崖的 故选D
。 。
life she did what comes naturally. The four⁃year⁃old dog set 2.A 细节理解题 根据第五段第一句话可知 一位带着望
, 。 ,
off racing after the sheep across several fields and being a city 远镜的观鸟者发现了坐在岩石上的Judy 故选A
, 。 。
animal lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then 3.C 推理判断题 结合全文 尤其是最后一段中的 a minor
, 。 , “
she ran along the edge of a cliff 悬崖 and fell feet miracle 可推断出 Judy能死里逃生 运气起着很大的作用
( ) 100 , ” , , 。
bouncing off a rock into the sea. 故选C
。
HerownerMikeHoldenpanickedandcalledthecoastguard 4.D 主旨要义题 通读全文可知 本文讲了一只名叫 Judy
。 ,
of Cornwall who turned up in seconds. Six volunteers slid 的狗在掉下悬崖后奇迹般死里逃生的故事 故选D
, 。 。
down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of 评析 本题考查考生把握文章主旨大意的能力。 如果
finding her alive after a ⁃minute search.
90
文章或段落没有主题句,在归纳主旨大意时要通过梳理与
Three days later a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall.
, 写作对象有关的主要信息进行总结。 本文的写作对象是
Mr. Holdenreturnedhomefromhisholidayupsetandconvinced
Judy,文章的结局是Judy幸运地死里逃生,由此可确定正确
his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she
答案。
had died in the most beautiful part of the country.
Passage20(2015江苏,B)
For the next two weeks the Holdens were heartbroken.
, In the United States alone over million cell⁃phones
Then one day the phone rang and Steve Tregear the , 100
, , , are thrown away each year. Cell⁃phones are part of a growing
coastguard of Cornwall asked Holden if he would like his dog
, mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital
back.
assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times
A birdwatcher armed with a telescope found the pet
, , faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm a
, Electronic devicescontainvaluable metalssuchasgoldand
student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.
silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of
The dog had initially been knocked unconscious 失去知
( electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively
觉的 buthadsurvivedbydrinkingwaterfromafreshstreamat
) small in comparison to total waste the concentration 含量
the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep , ( )
ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso⁃callede⁃waste
which had also fallen over the edge. The dog was very thin
“ than in naturally occurring minerals.
and hungry Steve Tregear said. It was a very lucky dog.
,” “ Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.
She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water he
,” Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals
added.
removed the recycling process often is carried out in poor
Itwas asMr.Holdenadmitted aminormiracle 奇迹 . ,
, , “ ( ) ” countries in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many
1.The dog Judy fell down the cliff when she was . ,
poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
A.rescuing her owner B.caught in a hurricane
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more
C.blocked by a rock D.running after a sheep
waste material up to times more than the material
2.Who spotted Judy after the accident , 100 ,
? contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell⁃
A.A birdwatcher.
phone and imagine the mines that produced those metals the
B.A student from Leeds. , ,
factoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging 包装 itcame
C.Six volunteers. ( )
in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful
D.The coastguard of Cornwall.
as well.
3.What can we infer from the text
? The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most
A.People like to travel with their pets.
waste is dangerous in that the production distribution and use
B.Judy was taken to the fields for hunting. “ , ,
of products as well as management of the resulting waste all
C.Luck plays a vital role in Judys survival. — —
result in greenhouse gas release. Individuals can reduce their
D.Holden cared little where Judy was buried. ”
contribution by creating less waste at the start for instance
— ,
专题十 主旨要义 3 43
buying reusable products and recycling. important to distinguish televisions influences on children from
In many countries the concept of extended producer those of the family. We tend to blame TV he says for
, ,
responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an problems it doesnt really cause overlooking our own roles in
,
incentive 动机 for reducing waste. If producers are required shaping childrens minds.
( )
to take back packaging they use to sell their products would One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a
,
they reduce the packaging in the first place childs ability to think and to understand the world. While
?
Governments incentive to require producers to take watching TV children do not merely absorb words and images
,
responsibility forthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedon 影像 . Instead they learn both explicit and hidden meanings
( ) ,
money. Why theyask shouldcitiesortownsberesponsiblefor from what they see. Actually children learn early the
, , ,
paying to deal with the bubble wrap 气泡垫 that encased psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore as many
( ) ,
your television teachers agree childrenunderstandfar more whenparentswatch
? ,
From the governments point of view a primary goal of TV with them explaining new words and ideas. Yet most
, , ,
laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids
both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste in front of the set and do something in another room.
management from the government and tax⁃payers back to the Another argument against television is that it replaces
producers. reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson
,
1.By mentioning the Swiss study the author intends to tell us the amount of time spent watching television is not related to
,
that . reading ability. TV doesnt take the place of reading for most
A.the weight of e⁃goods is rather small children it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation such
; ,
B.e⁃waste deserves to be made good use of as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents
C.natural minerals contain more precious metals educational background have a stronger influence on a childs
D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e⁃waste reading. A childs reading ability is best predicted by how
“
2.The responsibility of e⁃waste treatment should be extended much a parent reads Anderson says.
,”
. Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television⁃
A.from producers to governments watching lowers IQ 智 商 scores and affects school
( )
B.from governments to producers performance. But here too Anderson notes that no studies
, ,
C.from individuals to distributors have provedit. Infact researchsuggeststhatitstheotherway
,
D.from distributors to governments around. If youre smart young youll watch less TV when
“ ,
3.What does the passage mainly talk about youre older Andersonsays. Yet peopleoflowerIQtendto
? ,” ,
A.The increase in e⁃waste. be lifelong television viewers.
B.The creation of e⁃waste. For yearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevision
C.The seriousness of e⁃waste. is dangerous to children. However by showing that television
,
D.The management of e⁃waste. promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally
答案 believed Anderson suggests that television cannot be
,
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为环境保护类 随着电子 condemned without considering other influences.
, 。
数码科技的进步 越来越多的电子垃圾产生了 手机 电脑 1.By watching TV children learn .
, , 、 、 ,
个人电子器件等被扔掉的越来越多 这些被扔掉的电子垃 A.images through words
。
圾中含有一些像金银之类的贵重金属 当然也有很多有毒物 B.more than explicit meanings
,
质 那我们该如何处理这些电子垃圾呢 C.more about images than words
。 ?
1.B 推理判断题 第二段提到了瑞士的一项研究结果 电 D.little about peoples psychology
。 :
子垃圾中贵重金属的含量要比自然界中矿石中贵重金属的 2.An educational program is best watched by a child .
含量还要高 由此推断作者旨在说明这些电子垃圾值得被 A.on his own B.with other kids
。
充分利用 故选B项 C.with his parents D.with his teachers
, 。
2.B 推理判断题 文章最后一段描述了政府要制定相关法 3.Whichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildrensreadingability
。 ?
律 对制造商提出明确的责任要求 由此推断出这份责任 A.Radio⁃listening.
, 。
应该是从政府开始延伸到制造商 故选B项 B.Television⁃watching.
, 。
3.D 主旨要义题 本文第一段提出了越来越严重的电子垃 C.Parents reading list.
。
圾污染问题 后面就如何处理这些垃圾提出了一些建议 也 D.Parents educational background.
, ,
明确了该问题所涉及各方应负的责任 由此推断出本文的 4.Anderson believes that .
,
主题应该是D项 电子垃圾的处理 A.the more a child watches TV the smarter he is
: 。 ,
Passage21(2015广东,C) B.the younger a child is the more he watches TV
,
Daniel Anderson a famous psychologist believes its C.the smarter a child is the less likely he gets addicted to TV
, , ,
3 44 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
D.thelessachildwatchesTV thebetterheperformsatschool anyone fordecidingtopartyonweekendsandinturnIwouldnt
,
5.What is the main purpose of the passage expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health.
?
A.To advise on the educational use of TV. Surround yourself with people who uplift encourage and
,
B.To describe TVs harmful effects on children. understand you Make fitness even more fun by trying
!
C.To explain traditional views on TV influences. somethingneworanygroupfitnessclass withafriend. Planto
,
D.To present Andersons unconventional ideas. go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh
答案 juice bar Fitness can be both fun and social
! !
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为社会生活类 传统观念 Surrounding yourself with people wholl provide you with
, 。
认为 看电视会对孩子思维能力的培养产生负面的影响 还 respect support can be very beneficial while working towards
, ,
会让孩子远离阅读 而著名心理学家 Daniel Anderson 对此 reaching health and fitness goals. First decide to do it for
。 ,
提出了不同的看法 yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the
。
1.B 细节理解题 根据第二段第三句 Instead they learn people you surround yourself with are supportive. Dont let
。 “ ,
both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. 可知 negativity ruin your motivation.
”
答案 1.The first paragraph focuses on .
。
2.C 推理判断题 根据文章第二段倒数第二句 A.the greatest challenge of group exercise
。
Furthermore as many teachers agree children understand B.the most effective way to improve physical fitness
“ , ,
far more when parents watch TV with them explaining new C.the contribution of group exercise to psychological health
,
words and ideas. 可以推断出答案 D.the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups
” 。
3.D 细节理解题 根据文章第三段倒数第二句 Things like 2.The underlined word upbeat in the second paragraph
。 “ “ ”
parentseducationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceona probably means .
“ ”
childs reading. 可知答案 A.cheerful B.average
” 。
4.C 推理判断题 根据文章第四段第四句 Anderson 所说 C.serious D.temporary
。
If youre smart young youll watch less TV when youre 3.When it comes to emotional support the author thinks it
“ , ,
older 可以推断出答案 necessary .
,” 。
5.D 主旨要义题 整篇文章讲述的都是 Anderson关于看 A.to sustain a colorful lifestyle
。
电视对孩子的影响所提出的非传统的观点 故选 D B.to party on weekends with positive people
。 。
Passage22(2015福建,E) C.to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly
Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprove D.to surround yourself with supportive people
physical fitness and sustain 保持 a healthy lifestyle. Group 4.What would be the best title for the passage
( ) ?
exercise is challenging yet fun and empowering Of course A.Seeking Support B.Supporting Health
, !
everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However C.Improving Your Strength D.Building Up Fitness
,
studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups 答案
,
its not only great for improving physical health but for [语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为健康生活类 本文主要
, 。
psychological health. Its an opportunity to be social release 讲述了群体健身活动给人们身体 心理方面带来的好处
, 、 。
endorphins 内 啡 肽 and improve your strength. 1.C 主旨要义题 做此题时要注意第一段中However后的
( ), 。
Additionally group exercise creates a community feel and the 内容 在该部分中出现了 not only...but...结构 该结构的重
, , ,
shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The 心在but部分 即本句的重心为It is great for psychological
,
instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others health 故本题答案为C项
, 。
proves more effective than going to the gym alone. 2.A 猜测词义题 根据画线词所在句子中的If youre tired
。
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the of...及becoming bored 可推知 upbeat 意为 快乐的 故答
“ ”,
informational support participants receive from the instructor. 案为A项
。
Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and dont want 3.D 细节理解题 根据题干中的 emotional support可知本
。
to embarrass themselves. Ifyoufeelyoucanrelate thengroup 题的答案在第三段第一句 即作者认为 和为你提供精神支
, , :
training isanevenbetteroptionforyou. Itsa greatopportunity 持的人在一起非常必要 故答案为D项
, 。
to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and 4.B 主旨要义题 本文主要介绍了参加群体健身活动给人
。
supervision 监管 of a fitness instructor. If youre tired of 们身体带来的好处以及为了保持健康在群体健身活动中的
( )
wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored 做法 故选B项
, , 。
you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your Passage 23(2014陕西,C)
workout on track. Dont let fitness frighten you Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight
! ,
If youre serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle while the French who consume rich food continue to stay
, , ,
its extremely important to surround yourself with people wholl thin Now a research by Cornell University suggests how
?
provide youwiththeproperemotionalsupport. Iwouldntscold lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight.
专题十 主旨要义 3 45
Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when 开的 最终得出结论 生活方式和肥胖有着密切的关系 故选
, : ,
they feel full. However Americans tend to stop when their A项
, 。
plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. 4.C 推理判断题 本篇文章对美 法两国饮食习惯进行对
。 、
According to Dr Joseph Mercola a health expert the 比 很显然这和健康有关 故选C项
, , , , 。
Frenchseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle. Theyenjoy Passage 24(2014山东,D)
food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table while How fitareyourteeth Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem
, ? ?
Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the Never fear An inventor is on the case.An electric toothbrush
:
other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability senses how long and how well you brush and it lets you track
,
to sense whentheyareactuallyfull. Sotheykeepeatinglongafter your performance on your phone.
the French would have stopped. In addition he points out that The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International
,
Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week.It senses
foods for the week. The French instead tend to shop daily how it is moved and can send the information to an Android
, , ,
walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.
choiceoffreshfruits vegetables andeggsaswellashigh⁃quality The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right
, ,
meats for each meal. Dont forget the insides of the teeth and make sure youre
( !)
After a visit to the United States Mireille Guiliano brushing long enough. Its kind of like having a dentist actually
, , “
author of FrenchWomenDontGetFat decidedtowrite about watch your brushing on a day⁃to⁃day basis says Thomas
, ,”
the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting Serval the French inventor.
,
how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications
goes to the gym. on your phone so developers could for instance create a game
, , ,
In spite of all these differences evidence shows that recent controlled by your toothbrush.You could score points for beating
,
lifestylechanges may be affecting French eating habits. Today the monstersamongyourteeth. Wetrytomakeitsmartbutalsofun
“ ,”
rate ofobesity orextremeoverweight amongadultsisonly %. Serval says.
— — 6
However as American fast food gains acceptance and the young Serval sayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.He
,
reject older traditions the obesity rate among French children has would come home from work and ask his kids if they had
,
reached % and is growing. brushed their teeth.They said yes but Serval would find their
17 — “ ”,
1. In what way are the French different from Americans toothbrush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really
according to Dr Joseph Mercola told him how well his children brushed.
?
A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. The companysaystheKolibreewillgoonsalethissummer for
,
B.They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. $ to $ depending on features. The U. S is the first
99 199,
C.They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyle. target market.
D.They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. Serval says that one day itll be possible to replace the
,
2.This text is mainly about the relationship between . brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera.
A.Americans and the French B.lifestyle and obesity The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you
C.children and adults D.fast food and overweight brush.
3.This text is mainly developed . 1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush
?
A.by contrast B.by space A.It can sense how users brush their teeth.
C.by process D.by classification B.It can track users school performance.
4.Where does this text probably come from C.It can detect users fear of seeing a dentist.
?
A.A TV interview. B.A food advertisement. D.It can help users find their phones.
C.A health report. D.A book review. 2.What can we learn from Servals words in Paragraph
3?
答案 A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为饮食健康类 通过一项对 B.You should see your dentist on a day⁃to⁃day basis.
。 。
美国和法国饮食习惯的对比研究 揭示出生活方式和肥胖之间 C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.
,
的关系 D.Youd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.
。
1.C 细节理解题 根据文章第二段第一句可知 研究发现 3.Which ofthefollowingmightmaketheKolibreetoothbrushfun
。 : , ?
法国人把饮食看作他们生活方式中一个很重要的部分 而 A.It can be used to update mobile phones.
,
美国人则不重视饮食 故选C B.It can be used to play mobile phone games.
。 。
2.B 主旨要义题 本文主要讲述通过对美国和法国两国饮食 C.It can send messages to other users.
。
习惯的对比 揭示生活方式和肥胖有着密切的关系 故选 D.It can talk to its developers.
, 。
B项 4.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
。 ?
3.A 推理判断题 本文主要是围绕美 法两国饮食习惯对比展 A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him.
。 、
3 46 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary. aircraft there is a fully⁃equipped teaching hospital with
,
C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth. television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest
D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush. techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS
5.What can we infer about Servals children also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation 合作 among
? ( )
A.They were unwilling to brush their teeth. countries.
B.They often failed to clean their toothbrushes. ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing
C.They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head. training during three⁃week medical programs.ORBIS has taught
D.They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home. sight⁃saving techniques to over doctors and nurses who
35,000 ,
6.What can we learn about the future development of the continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.
Kolibree ORBIS has conducted planeprogramsinChinasofar.Forthe
? 17
A.The brush handle will be removed. seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do
,
B.A mobile phone will be built into it. more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a
C.It will be used to fill holes in teeth. long⁃term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye
D.It will be able to check users teeth. care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to
答案 continue their work and free people from blindness.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文 题材为科普知识类 一位 For just US $ you can help one person see for $
, 。 38, ; 380
发明者发明了一种电子牙刷 它不仅可以帮人们正确刷牙 you can bring sight to people $ helps teach a doctor
, , 10 ; 1,300
而且还可以通过蓝牙和手机上的应用程序连接起来 new skills andfor$ youcanprovide a trainingprogram
。 ; 13,000
1.A 细节理解题 根据第一段最后一句话可知 这种电子 for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people
。 ,
牙刷可以检测你刷牙的时间和刷牙的质量 也能在手机上 see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please
,
跟踪你的表现 故选A项 help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less
。 。
2.C 推理判断题 在第三段中 那位法国发明者Serval说 fortunate than ourselves.
。 , :
就好像有个牙医每天都在真正看着你刷牙 由此可知 1.The first paragraph is intended to .
“ 。” ,
用这种电子牙刷刷牙犹如得到专业牙医的指导 故选C项 A.introduce a new way of reading
, 。
3.B 细节理解题 根据第四段可知 这种新发明的牙刷可 B.advise the public to lead a simple life
。 ,
以和手机上的程序连接 比如由牙刷控制的一款游戏 不仅 C.direct the publics attention to the blind
, ,
显得智能而且还有趣 故选B项 D.encourage the public to use imagination
。 。
4.D 主旨要义题 本段的中心句是第一句 Serval说他这 2.What do we learnaboutexistingmedicalknowledgeandskills
。 。
个发明的灵感是自己做父亲的经历激发出的 所以这一段 in the world
。 ?
具体介绍了是什么让他有发明这种牙刷的想法 故选 A.They are adequate.
,
D项 B.They have not been updated.
。
5.A 推理判断题 第五段中Serval下班回家问孩子们是否 C.They are not equally distributed.
。
刷牙了 孩子们说刷过了 但是 Serval 却发现牙刷头是干 D.They have benefited most of the blind.
, ,
的 根据孩子们撒谎这件事可以推断出来他们不愿意刷 3.ORBIS aims to help the blind by .
。
牙 故选A项 A.teaching medical students
, 。
6.D 细节理解题 最后一段Serval认为将来有一天有可能 B.training doctors and nurses
。
用带有摄像头的刷牙装置来代替有手柄的传统的牙刷头 C.running flying hospitals globally
,
摄像头甚至可以在你刷牙的时候检查你的牙洞 所以答案 D.setting up non⁃profit organizations
。
应为D项 4.What does the author try to do in the last paragraph
。 ?
Passage 25(2014江西,C) A.Appeal for donations.
Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would B.Make an advertisement.
be like if you had a hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it C.Promote training programs.
would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes D.Show sympathy for the blind.
closed.Imagine having to read this page not with your eyes but 5.What can be the best title for the passage
, ?
with your finger⁃tips. A.ORBIS in China B.Fighting Blindness
With existing medical knowledge and skills two⁃thirds of C.ORBIS Flying Hospital D.Sight⁃saving Techniques
,
the worlds million blind should not have to suffer. 答案
42
Unfortunately rich countries possess most of this knowledge [语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为社会生活类 在医疗知
, , , 。
while developing countries do not. 识和技术不均衡的社会背景下 一个国际非营利组织
, ———
ORBIS is an international non⁃profit organization which ORBIS 在全球范围对医生和护士进行技能培训 从而帮助盲
,
operates the worlds only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS 人远离失明
。
intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC 1.C 推理判断题 根据第一段作者提到的 Close your eyes
—8 。
专题十 主旨要义 3 47
以及...read this page notwithyoureyesbutwithyourfinger⁃ psychologists refer to as offensive anger the angry person
, :
tips 可知 作者想把公众的注意力引向失明的人 故选C moves closer in order to influence and control the person or
, , 。
2.C 推理判断题 根据第二段中...rich countries possess situation causing his anger. This approach⁃and⁃confront
。
most of this knowledge while developing countries do not.可 behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry
,
知 医疗知识和技术的分配不均衡 故 C 为正确答案 A 不对称 of EEG activity. Interestingly this asymmetry
, , 。 ( ) ,
它们是充足的 B 它们没有被更新 两项在文中没有提 lessens if the angry person can experience empathy 同感
( )、 ( ) ( )
到 故被排除 D 项 它们让大部分盲人受益了 与第二 towards theindividualwhoisbringingforththeangryresponse. In
, 。 ( )
段...two⁃thirds of theworlds millionblindshouldnothave defensive anger in contrast the EEG asymmetry is directed to
42 , ,
to suffer.不符 故排除D项 the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the
, 。
3.B 细节理解题 根据第四段的 ORBIS tries to help anger⁃inspiring situation.
。
developing countries by providing training during three⁃week 1. The duels example in Paragraph proves that the
“ ” 2
medicalprograms.ORBIShastaughtsight⁃savingtechniquesto expression of anger .
over doctors and nurses...可知 这个组织是想通过对 A.usually has a biological basis
35,000 ,
医生和护士的培训来帮助盲人 故正确答案为B项 B.varies among people
。 。
4.A 推理判断题 根据最后一段的 Your money can open C.is socially and culturally shaped
。
their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality D.influences ones thinking and evaluation
oflifeforsomanypeoplelessfortunatethanourselves.这两句 2.What changes can be found in an angry brain
?
话暗示了作者在呼吁人们捐款 因此A是正确答案 A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
, 。
5.C 主旨要义题 纵观全文 作者介绍了 ORBIS对医生和 B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
。 ,
护士进行医疗技能的培训来帮助盲人远离失明 因此 C C.Electrical activity corresponds to ones behaviour.
。 ,
为最佳答案 A B D在文章中有所提及 但并不是文章的 D.Electrical activity agrees with ones disposition.
。 、 、 ,
主旨 因此作为本文的标题不合适 3.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger
, 。 ?
Passage 26(2014江苏,C) A.Approaching the source of anger.
Most damagingly anger weakens a persons ability to B.Trying to control what is disliked.
,
think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry C.Moving away from what is disliked.
person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
of the person or situation that arouses his anger. 4.What is the key message of the last paragraph
?
Not everyone experience anger in the same way what A.How anger differs from other emotions.
;
angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression B.How anger relates to other emotions.
of anger also differs from person to person based on biological C.Behavioural responses to anger.
and cultural forces. In contemporary culture physical D.Behavioural patterns of anger.
,
expressions of anger are generally considered too socially 答案
harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels 决斗 as [语篇解读] 本文是说明文 题材为科普知识 愤怒是人经
( ) , 。
an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one persons 常会表现出来的情绪 这种情绪对我们本人会带来什么影响
,
awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. 呢 本文对此进行了分析
? 。
Anger can be identified in the brain where the electrical 1.C 推理判断题 根据该段中关于 决斗 的描述 在当代
, 。 “ ” :
activity changes. Under most conditions EEG 脑电图 文化背景下 愤怒的情绪通过肢体去表达通常被认为对社
, ( ) ,
measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between 会有害而不被容忍 由此我们推断出 决斗 这种发泄愤
。 “ ”
the right and left prefrontal 额叶前部 areas. Behaviourally 怒的方式是一种特定文化下的产物 同时也是在某一种社
( ) ,
this corresponds to the general even⁃handed disposition 意向 会环境下出现的 由此可知 愤怒 的表达方式是在一定
( ) 。 “ ”
that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry 文化和社会背景下形成的 答案为C项
, 。
the EEGof the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced and 2.B 细节理解题 根据第三段的But when we are angry the
, 。
as a result of this were likely to react. And our behavioural EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced...可
,
response toangerisdifferentfromourresponsetootheremotions 知 当我们愤怒的时候 脑电图就会显示我们额叶前部的左
, : ,
whether positive or negative. 右部分不再平衡 所以答案为B项
。 。
Most positive emotions are associated with approach 3.A 细节理解题 根据第四段中的 The angrier we are the
。 ,
behaviour we move closer to people we like. Most negative more likely wearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.即
:
emotions in contrast are associated with avoidance 我们越愤怒就越有可能去接近让我们愤怒的目标 可知答
, , ,
behaviour we move away from people and things that we 案为A项
: 。
dislike orthatmakeusanxious. Butangerisanexceptiontothis 4.D 主旨要义题 根据该段的前两句话中的 approach
。
pattern. The angrier we are the more likely we are to move behaviour和avoidance behaviour可知最后一段就是描述了
,
towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what 人们在愤怒时的不同行为表现形式 所以答案为D项
, 。
3 48 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
[温馨提示] .most damagingly 最为严重的 D.respect peoples feelings for historical buildings
1
. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the 4.What is the main purpose of the passage
2 ?
emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his A.To explain why people dislike change.
anger.愤怒的人在情感意义方面对使之愤怒的人或情况作出判 B.To warn that we could end up living in caves.
断时会有失客观 C.To admithownewbuildingshaveruinedtheirsurroundings.
。
Passage 27(2014安徽,D) D.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic
Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older areas.
buildings in a historic area of a city In order to answer this 答案
?
question we must first examine whether people really want to [语篇解读] 本文为议论文 讨论了现代建筑如何与古建筑
, ,
preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings 和谐共存 在作者看来 既要保证城市的发展 又要保护古
。 , ,
are attractive. However there may be other reasons for 建筑不被破坏 两者是可以和谐共存的
, — , 。
example economic 经济的 reasons why they should be 1.A 细节理解题 根据第一段第三句 Not all historical
, ( ) — 。
preserved. So let us assume that historical buildings are both buildings are attractive.可知选A
, 。
attractive and important to the majority of people. What should 2.C 细节理解题 根据第三段第一句可知古建筑有时候也
。
we do then if a new building is needed 会与其所处的环境不协调 故选C
? 。 。
In my view new architectural styles can exist perfectly 3.C 猜测词义题 根据画线部分后面的两句话 特别是关
, 。 ,
well alongside an older style. Indeed there are many examples 键词 choose something fresh and different 可知答案选C
, “ ” 。
in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have 4.D 主旨要义题 根据全文可知作者认为 在有历史意义
。 :
been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as 的地区 既要保证城市的发展又要保护古建筑不被破坏
, ,
the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate 影 两者是可以和谐共存的 所以D项正确
( 。 。
响 its surroundings too much it often improves the [温馨提示] .As long as the building in question is pleasing
) , 1
attractiveness of the area. and doesnotdominate 影响 itssurroundingstoomuch ...只要
( ) ,
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which 所说的建筑漂亮 对周围环境影响不大
, ……。
have spoilt 破坏 the area they are in but the same can be in question that is being discussed 讨论 或议论 中的
( ) , : ( ) 。
said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against 又如 The woman in question is sitting over there.所说的那个
:
new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because 女的就在那边坐着呢
。
people are naturally conservative 保守的 and do not like .It is true that there are examples of new buildings which
( ) 2
change. have spoilt 破坏 the area they are in but the same can be said
( ) ,
Although we have to respect peoples feelings as fellow of some old buildings too.的确有一些新建筑破坏了当地的风
users of the buildings I believe that it is the duty of the 貌 但是一些老建筑也是如此
, , 。
architect and planner to move things forward. If we always Passage 28(2014四川,D)
reproduced what was there before we would all still be living With around students scheduled to be in that am
, 100 9
in caves. Thus I would argue against copying previous Monday morninglecture itisnosurprisethatalmost people
, , 20
architectural styles and choose something fresh and different actually make it to the class and only of them are still awake
, 10
even though that might be the more risky choice. after the first minutes it is not even a surprise that most of
15 ;
1.What does the author say about historical buildings in the them are still in their pyjamas 睡衣 . Obviously students
( ) ,
first paragraph are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
?
A.Some of them are not attractive. All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other
B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve. alerting 警报 systems this governs the sleep/wake cycle
( ) ,
C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings. and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep
D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. behaviour. Typically thepreferredsleep/wakecycleisdelayed
,
2.Which of the following is true according to the author in adolescents which leads to many students not feeling sleepy
? ,
A.We should reproduce the same old buildings. until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is
B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings. usually referred to as the night owl schedule of sleep.
“ ”
C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. This is opposed to the early bird schedule and is a
“ ” ,
D. No one understands why people speak against new kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past
buildings. midnight. Such a personhasgreatdifficultyinwakingupinthe
3.By move things forward in the last paragraph the author mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and
“ ” ,
probably means . function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings
“ ”
A.destroy old buildings have shown that about percent of people can be classified as
20
B.put things in a different place night owls and only percent can be classified as early
“ ” 10 “
C.choose new architectural styles birds the other percent are in the middle. Although this
” — 70
专题十 主旨要义 3 49
is clearly not true for all students for the ones who are true ones who aretruenightowlsthisgivesthemanexcellentexcuse
,
night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their formissingtheirlectureswhichunfortunatelyfallbeforemidday.
lectures which unfortunately fall before midday. 尽管显然并非所有的学生都是如此 但是对于那些夜猫子型
,
1.What does the author stress in Paragraph 的学生来说 这给了他们一个在上午逃课的绝好借口
1? , 。
A.Many students are absent from class. Passage 29(2014湖南,B)
B.Students are very tired on Monday mornings. In the mid⁃ s I was a somewhat bored early⁃adolescent
1950 ,
C.Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well. male student who believed that doing any more than necessary
D.Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays. was wasted effort. One day this approach threw me into
,
2.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph embarrassment.
2?
A.Most students prefer to get up late in the morning. In Mrs.Tottens eighth⁃grade math class at Central Avenue
B.Students dont sleep well because of alerting systems. School in Anderson Indiana we were learning to add and
, ,
C. Ones body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle subtract decimals 小数 .
( )
independently. Our teacher typically assigned daily homework which
,
D.Adolescents delayed sleep/wake cycle isnt the preferred would be recited in class the following day.On most days our
,
pattern. grades were based on our oral answers to homework questions.
3.Which of the followingisclosestinmeaningtothe underlined Mrs Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks
word classified requesting answers from student after student in the order the
“ ”?
A.Criticised. B.Grouped. questions had appeared on our homework sheets.She would start
C.Organised. D.Named. either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward
4.What does the text mainly talk about the other end.
?
A.Functions of the body clock. Since I was seated near the middle of about students it
35 ,
B.The night owl phenomenon. was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer.
“ ”
C.Human beings sleep behaviour. This particular time I had completed my usual two or three
,
D.The school schedule of early birds . problems according to my calculations.
“ ”
答案 What I failed to expect was that several students were
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为科普知识类 每个人的 absent which threw off my estimate.As Mrs Totten made her
, 。 ,
体内都有一个生物钟 有的人习惯了熬夜 但是他们早上醒 way from the beginning of the class I desperately tried to
, , ,
来是一件很困难的事情 这叫 夜猫子 型 有的人习惯早睡 determine which mathproblem Iwouldget.Itriedtoworkitout
, “ ” 。
早起 这叫 早起鸟 型 也有的人属于中间类型 那么你属 before she got to me but I had brain freeze and couldnt
, “ ” 。 。 ,
于哪个类型呢 function.
?
1.C 主旨要义题 第一段最后一句话总结了该段的主题 When Mrs Tottenreachedmydesk she askedwhatanswer
。 : ,
很显然 学生们很难调节自己的睡眠模式来适应学校的课 Id got for problem No . I... I didnt get anything I
, 14 “ ,”
程安排 所以答案为C项 answered and my face felt warm.
, 。 ,
2.D 推理判断题 根据第二段的 Typically the preferred Correct she said.
。 , “ ,”
sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents...可知人们喜欢的 It turned out that the correct answer was zero.
那种睡眠和醒来的模式在青少年身上被推迟了 由此我们 What did I learn that day First always do all your
。 ? ,
推断出青少年的这种推迟了的作息模式不是人们更喜欢的 homework.Second in real life it isnt always what you say but
,
那种 所以答案为D项
how you say it that matters.Third I would never make it as a
, 。
,
3.B 猜测词义题 研究结果表明大约 %的人可以划分为
mathematician.
。 20
夜猫子 型 由此可知画线单词的含义是 分类到 归于
If Icouldchooseone schooldaythattaughtme themost it
“ ” 。 : 、
,
某一类中 所以答案为B项
would be that one.
; 。
4.B 主旨要义题 第一段作者描述了周一上课时学生的各
1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph indicate
。
1 ?
种因睡不醒带来的具体表现 后面分析了造成这一现象的
A.It is wise to value ones time.
,
原因是 夜猫子 型的作息模式 由此推断出本文主要是
B.It is important to make an effort.
“ ” 。
描述青少年身上的那种 夜猫子 型作息现象 所以答案
C.It is right to stick to ones belief.
“ ” 。
为B项
D.It is enough to do the necessary.
。
[温馨提示] ....it is no surprise that almost people
2.Usually Mrs Totten asked her students to .
1 20
,
actually make it to the class and... 实际上几乎有 人去
A.recite their homework together
…… 20
上课了 这不足为奇
B.grade their homework themselves
, ……
.Typically the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in
2 , C.answer their homework questions orally
adolescents...通常 青少年的首选作息规律往往被推迟
, …… D.check the answers to their homework questions
.Although this is clearly not true for all students for the
3 ,
3 50 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
3.Theauthorcouldworkoutwhichquestionstoanswersincethe The same held true for anxious baboons compared with
teacher always . calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing
A.asked questions in a regular way others while those who were relaxed did not even though they
,
B.walked up and down when asking questions spent more time watching.
C.chose two or three questions for the students This mismatch between collecting social information and
D.requested her students to finish their usual questions usingitshowsthatpersonalityplaysa keyrole insociallearning
4. The author failed to get the questions he had expected in animals something that has previously been ignored in
,
because . studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are
A.the class didnt begin as usual significant becausetheysuggestthatanimalsmayperformpoorly
B.several students didnt come to school in cognitive 认知的 tasks not because they arent clever
( )
C.he didnt try hard to make his estimate enough to solve them but because they are too shy or nervous
,
D.Mrs Totten didnt start from the back of the class to use the social information.
5.Which ofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage The findings may impact how we understand the formation
?
A.An Unforgettable Teacher of culture in societies through social learning. If some
B.A Future Mathematician individuals are unable to get information from others because
C.An Effective Approach theydontassociatewiththeknowledgeableindividuals orthey
,
D.A Valuable Lesson are too shy to use the information once they have it
,
答案 information may not travel between all group members
,
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 题材为学校生活 我 曾经自 preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.
, 。 “ ”
以为是地认为做自己认为必要的事情就够了 然而在八年级 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
, ?
的一节数学课上 我 所遇到的尴尬让 我 明白了 我 所 A.The significance of Dr Carters research.
,“ ” “ ” “ ”
付出的努力还不够 B.The purpose of Dr Carters research.
。
1.D 猜测词义题 此句话可直译为 做任何超出必要的事 C.The design of Dr Carters research.
。 “
都是浪费精力 通过阅读下文能够知道作者刚开始只做自 D.The results of Dr Carters research.
”,
己认为有必要做的事情 因此D项符合题意 2.According to the research which baboons are more likely to
, 。 ,
2.C 细节理解题 根据文章第三段最后一句可知本题应选择 complete a new learning task
。 ?
C项 A.Those that feel anxious about learning.
。
3.A 细节理解题 根据文章第四段可知老师通常提问的方 B.Those that like to work independently.
。
式是有规律的 故选择A项 C.Those that can avoid potential risks.
, 。
4.B 细节理解题 根据文章第六段的第一句 What I failed D.Those that have more experience.
。 “
toexpectwasthatseveralstudentswereabsent... 可知本题选 3. Which best illustrates the mismatch mentioned in
” “ ”
择B项 Paragraph
。 4?
5.D 主旨要义题 通读全文可知作者通过上这节数学课得 A.Some baboons perform new tasks but dont concentrate.
。
到了教训 文章的最后一段也提到 If I could choose one B.Some baboons observe others but dont follow them.
, “
school day that taught me the most it would be that one. 因 C.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
, ”,
此本题选择D项 D.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
。
Passage 30(2014湖北,C) 4.Dr Cartersfindingsindicatethatourculturemightbeformed
Workingwithagroupofbaboons 狒狒 intheNamibian through .
( )
desert Dr Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology A.travelling between social groups
, ,
Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a B.understanding different people
novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons C.learning from each other
were given the chance to watch another baboon who already D.storing information
knew how to solve the task while others had to learn for 答案
,
themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons [语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为科普知识类 Alecia
, 。
were Dr Carter presented them either with a novel food or a Carter博士对狒狒的学习行为进行研究后发现 性格对动物
, :
threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake. 的社会学习行为有很重要的影响
。
She found that personality had a major impact on learning. 1.C 主旨要义题 第一段主要介绍了 Alecia Carter博士是
。
The braver baboons learnt but the shy ones did not learn the 如何对狒狒进行研究的 故选C项
, 。 。
task although they watched the baboon perform the task of 2.A 细节理解题 根据第三段内容可知 对学习感到焦虑
。 ,
finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In 的狒狒能通过观察其他狒狒的行为而进行学习 故选
。
effect despite beingmadeawareofwhattodo theywerestill A项
, , 。
too shy to do what the experienced baboon did. 3.B 推理判断题 根据第四段最后一句可知 一些动物在
。 :
专题十 主旨要义 3 51
完成认知任务时可能会表现不佳 这不是因为它们不够聪 refreshment. To gain that love would go toward making you a
,
明而不能完成任务 而是因为它们太害羞或太紧张而不去 rich person for a rich person is not someone who has a library
, ,
使用社交信息 故选B项 but who likes a library.
。 。
4.C 细节理解题 根据最后一段第一句可知社会文化可以 Music like Mozarts and Bachs shouldnt be absent. Real
。
通过相互学习而形成 故选C项 riches are of the spirit. And when youve brought that spirit up to
。 。
[温馨提示] .The same held true for anxious baboons where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk you
1 ,
compared with calm ones.与平静的狒狒相比 那些焦虑的狒 have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter
,
狒也是如此 of thrills.
。
hold true for... be still correct for...对于 仍然是正确 Sports without which you remain poor mean a lot in
: …… , ,
的 又如 life. No matter who you are you would be more human and
。 : , ,
The results appear to hold true for other countries. your house of life would be better supported against the bad
这些结果似乎也适用于其他国家 days if you could and did play a bit.
。 , , ,
.This mismatch between collecting social information and Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life the
2 ,
secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.
usingitshowsthatpersonalityplaysa keyrole insociallearning
1.The author intends to tell us that .
in animals something that has previously been ignored in
,
A.true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means
studies on how animals learn to do things.在收集和使用社交信
B.big houses are peoples most valued possessions
息间存在的不一致表现出性格在动物的社会学习方面起着关键
C.big houses can in a sense bring richness of life
的作用 而这一点从过去研究动物是如何学习时就被忽略了
, 。 D.true happiness comes from spiritual riches
长难句 The findings are significant because they suggest
2.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably
that animals may perform poorly in cognitive tasks not because
implies that .
they arent clever enough to solve them, but because they are
A.however materially rich they never seem to be satisfied
too shy or nervous to use the social information.这些发现非常 ,
B.however materially rich they remain spiritually poor
重要,因为它们表明动物在完成认知任务时可能会表现不 ,
C.though their house is big they prefer a simple life
佳,这不是因为它们不够聪明而不能完成任务,而是因为它 ,
D.though their house is big it seems to be a cage
们太害羞或太紧张而不去使用社交信息。 ,
3.It can be learned from the passage that .
本句是一个复合句,because they suggest...information为
A.more money brings more happiness
原因状语从句,在此原因状语从句中含有一个that引导的宾
B.art is needed to make your house beautiful
语从句,在宾语从句中又含有由not...but结构连接的两个并
C.literature can enrich your spiritual life
列的由because引导的原因状语从句。
D.sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness
Passage 31(2014福建,D)
4.What would be the best title for the passage
Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness ?
A.House of Life
with more money. Strange as it may seem if youre
, B.Secret of Wealth
unsatisfied the issueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesires
, C.Rest and Refreshment
but a lack of desires not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but
— D.Interest and Enthusiasm
that you dont have enough tastes.
答案
Real riches consist of well⁃developed and hearty capacities
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文 题材是社会生活类 作者认为
, 。
能力 to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped 淹
一个人要想快乐和幸福 要让自己的心灵之 墅 富有 文章
( ) (
, “ ” 。
没 withthings. Theyeat wear goandtalktoomuch. They
诠释了 真正的幸福源于精神富有 的道理
) , ,
“ ” 。
live in too bigahouse withtoomanyrooms yettheirhouseof
1.D 推理判断题 文章的主要目的就是告诉人们真正的幸
,
。
life is a hut. 福和快乐来自精神上的富有 所以正确答案为D项
, 。
Your houseoflifeoughttobeamansion 豪宅 aroyal 2.B 猜测词义题 画线部分句子的意思是 人们住太大的
( ), 。 “
palace. Every new taste every additional interest every fresh 房子 有太多的房间 然而他们的生命之家依然是个简陋的
, , , ,
enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of 小房子 和B项 不管物质上多富有 他们在精神上仍然很
” “ ,
life should have. 贫穷 的内容接近 故选B项
” 。 。
Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because 3.C 推理判断题 根据文章第五段可以推断 文学能丰富
。 “
the worldisfullofbeautifulthings. Ifyouonlyunderstoodhow 你的精神生活 故答案为 C 项 A 项为无关信息 从文
”, 。 。
to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them they would make 章中的信息可以看出 art 可以丰富你的精神生活 而不是
, , ,
you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when youre 美化你的房子 所以 B 项错误 sports 也可以丰富精神生
, 。
hungry. 活 而不仅仅是使身体健康 所以D项错误
, , 。
Literature classic literature is a beautiful richly 4.A 主旨要义题 本文主要讲述精神生活的心灵之 墅
, , , 。 “ ”,
furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and 关键词就是 house of life 故答案为A项
“ ”, 。
3 52 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
Passage 32(2014重庆,E) 答案
Its generally believed that people act the way they do [语篇解读] 本文为议论文 题材为社会生活类 作者对人
, 。
because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their 的行为和性格之间的关系进行了探讨 最后用 Kurt
。
garbage because they care about the environment.They pay $ Vonnegut的一句话进行了总结 我们将自己伪装成什么 我
5 : ,
for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee 们就是什么 所以 当我们伪装时 一定要谨慎呀
。 , , !
drinks. 1.A 细节理解题 根据第一段第一句可知 通常认为人们
。 ,
Its undeniable that behavior comes from our inner 的行为方式取决于他们的性格和态度 那反过来说就是
。 :
dispositions 性情 but in many instances we also draw 一个人的性格和态度决定了他的行为方式 故选A
( ), 。 。
inferences about who we are as suggested by the social 2.A 推理判断题 根据第二段第一句可知 正如社会心理
, 。 ,
psychologist DarylBem byobservingourownbehavior.Wecan 学家Daryl Bem所说的 毋庸置疑 人的行为来自我们的内
, , ,
be strangers toourselves.Ifwe knewourownminds whywould 在性情 但是在很多例子中我们是通过观察我们自己的行
, ,
we needtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior If 为来推断出我们是怎样的人的结论 四个选项中只有 A
? 。
our minds were an open book we would know exactly how 项表示的是一种行为暗示出人的性格 而其他三个选项均
, ,
much we care about the environment or like lattes.Actually we
不符合
,
。
often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
3.B 推理判断题 画线的这一句是对上一句话的举例说明 画
。 ,
Moreover we dont justuseourbehaviortolearnaboutour
线处前面一句话是说 我们的行为经常受到我们周围小的压力
,
:
particular types of character we infer characters that werent
的影响 这一点我们认识不到 B项与画线句意义一致 故
—
, 。 ,
there before.Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures
选B
around us whichwefailtorecognize.Maybewerecyclebecause 。
, 4.C 主旨要义题 从第一段第一句阐述大家通常认为行为
our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didnt.Maybe 。
和性格的关系 到第二段 Daryl Bem 提出通过一个人的行
we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us.We ,
为也能看出他的性格 第三段提到我们的行为也受到周围
should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result ,
压力的影响 第四段通过Kurt Vonnegut的一句话强调了两
of some inner disposition. ,
者之间的关系 所以本篇文章主要讲的是行为和性格 故
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can , ,
选C
make people become what they do though it may not be in 。
, , 长难句 Its undeniable that behavior comes from our inner
compliance 符合 with their true desires.Therefore we should
( ) , dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw
all bear in mind Kurt Vonneguts advice We are what we
:“ inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social
pretend to be so we must be careful about what we pretend
, psychologist Daryl Bem,by observing our own behavior.毋庸置
to be.
” 疑,人的行为来自我们的内在性情,但是正如社会心理学家
1.According to the passage personalities and attitudes are
, Daryl Bem所说的,在很多例子中我们是通过观察我们自己
commonly believed to .
的行为来推断出我们是怎样的人的。
A.determine ones behavior
该句是由表示转折的but连接的一个并列句。 前一个并
B.reflect ones taste
列分句中 it 为形式主语,that behavior comes from our inner
C.influence ones surroundings
dispositions(性情)为真正的主语;后一个并列分句中who we
D.result from ones habits
are是介词about的宾语。
2.Which ofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagree
Passage 33(2014四川,B)
with
?
In when I was my parents moved from Coeur
A.The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty.
1943, 4,
dAlene Idaho to Fairbanks Alaska where adventure was
B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
, , , ,
never very far away.
C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D.One buys latte out of true love of coffee. We arrived in the summer just in time to enjoy the
,
3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Moms
passage vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to
?
A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions. throw her timing off so she didnt care much about my
,
B.We can be influenced by outside pressures. bedtime.
C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires. Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk.
D.Our characters can shape our social relationships. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble
4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage to get into. Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of
?
A.Personalities and attitudes. a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel 桶 of paint but couldnt
( )
B.Preferences and habits. reallygetagoodfiregoing. Thesmokegotprettybad though
, ,
C.Behavior and personalities. andwhenImade myexit a crowdandthepolicewere there to
,
D.Attitudes and preferences. greet me. The policementookmymatchesanddrove me home.
专题十 主旨要义 3 53
Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told 不知道他到底是多大的一个超级明星 但是我分明记得他
,
the police to keep me and they did I had a tour of the prison 驾驶雪橇的技术很好 可知答案为A项 年也就是作
, ! ” 。 1950
before Mom rescued me. I hadnt turned yet. 者 岁的时候就搬离了阿拉斯加 排除B项 年后作
5 11 , ;1950
As I enteredkindergarten the seriouscoldbegantosetin. 者又回了那儿一次而不是经常回去 排除C项 文中没有提
, , ;
Would itsurprise youtoknowthatIsoonleftpartofmytongue 及那次坐雪橇给作者带来了什么伤害 排除D项
, 。
on a metal handrail at school 4.A 主旨要义题 作者写本文是在回忆自己在阿拉斯加度
? 。
Asfor Leonhard Seppala famous as a dog sledder 驾雪橇 过的那段充满冒险的童年时光 通过几个印象深刻的例子
, ( ,
者 I thinkIknewhimwellbecauseIwastakenforaridewithhis 突出了作者对那段时光的留恋 所以答案为A项 B项 描
), , 。 :
white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didnt realize what a 写阿拉斯加的极端天气 C 项 表达自己是多么想念
; :
superstar he was but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped Leonhard D项 为了炫耀自己惹事带来的自豪感 这些都
, ; : 。
包裹 heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing 是其中回忆的几个细节 综合起来才是真正的写作目的
( ) , 。
weather. Passage 34(2014四川,C)
In we moved back to Coeur dAlene but we got one A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the
1950, ,
more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later chest after he suffered a serious allergic 过敏的 reaction
( )
by payingavisittoIdahotoattendagatheringofformerneighborsof which stopped his heart.
Alaska. Izzy nine restarted father Colms heart by stamping 踩
, , ( )
1.What can be inferred about the authors family on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
?
A.His father was a cruel man. Izzys mother Debbie immediately called but Izzy
, , 999
B.His parents didnt love him.
knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father so
,
C.His parents used to be very busy.
decided to use CPR.
D.His mother didnt have any jobs.
However she quickly discovered her arms werent strong
,
2.What happened when the author was
enough so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.
4?
,
A.He learned to smoke.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest
B.He was locked in a basement.
compressions 按压 until the ambulance arrived.
( )
C.He was arrested by the police.
Izzy who has been given a bravery award by her school
, ,
D.He nearly caused a fire accident.
said I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR
3.Which of the following is true : “
? but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands. I was quite
A.Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.
scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.
B.The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.
MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprint
C.Leonhard often visited the authors family after .
1950 on his chest.
D.Theauthor suffereda lot while takingthe dogsledinAlaska. ”
Shes a little star said Debbie. I was really upset but
4.What is the authors purpose of writing the text “ ,” “
? Izzy just took over. I just cant believe what she did. I really
A.To look back on his childhood with adventures.
think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then
B.To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.
the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the
C.To express how much he misses Leonhard.
way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.
D.To show off his pride in making trouble. ”
Truck driver Colm suffered a mystery allergic
答案 , 35,
reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital but was sent
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 题材为个人成长经历 在我很 ,
, 。 home only for it to happen again the next day. The second
小的时候就随着父母来到了阿拉斯加 我在这儿有过很多次
, attack was so serious that his airway swelled preventing him
的冒险经历 岁的时候因为放火差点 蹲监狱 上幼儿园 ,
。 4 “ ”, from breathing his blood pressure dropped suddenly and his
后坐Leonhard的狗拉着的雪橇 离开那儿 年后我们又回 , ,
。 8 heart stopped for a moment.
到那儿参加了一次老邻居的聚会
。 He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
1.C 推理判断题 根据第三段的描述 爸妈忙于工作没时间管
。 “ 1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest .
我 于是我就自己去找一些麻烦 可推断出作者的父母当时很
, ” A.to express her helplessness B.to practise CPR on him
忙 所以答案为C项 A B两项文中没有提及 D项与原文意
, 。 、 ; C.to keep him awake D.to restart his heart
思不符
。 2.Whats the right order of the events
2.D 细节理解题 根据第三段的描述 我试图点燃一桶油 ?
。 “
Izzy kicked Colm.
漆 可是火没有真的着起来 倒是冒出了很多的烟 就连警
①
, , ,
Debbie called .
察都到了现场 可知在作者 岁那年差点酿成一场火灾 所
② 999
” 4 ,
Izzy learned CPR.
以答案为D项 A B两项文中没有提及 而C项与原文意
③
。 、 ;
Colms heart stopped.
思不符
④
。
3.A 细节理解题 根据倒数第二段中的描述 那个时候我 A. B. C. D.
。 “ ③①②④ ④②③① ③④②① ④③①②
3 54 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
3.What does Paragraph mainly talk about grass. Facebooks second Menlo Park campus will have a
8 ?
A.What Colm suffered. rooftop park with a walking trail.
B.Colms present condition. Olle Lundberg the founder of Lundberg Design has
, ,
C.What caused Colms allergy. worked with many tech companies over the years. We have
“
D.Symptoms of Colms allergic reaction. lost the connection to the maker in our lives and our tech
,
4.Why does the author write the news engineers are the ones who feel most impoverished 贫乏的
? ( ),
A.To describe a serious accident. because theyre surrounded by the digital world he says.
,”
B.To prove the importance of CPR. Theyre looking for a way to regain their individual identity
“ ,
C.To report a ⁃year⁃old girls brave act. and weve found that introducing real crafts is one way to do
9
D.To call peoples attention to allergic reaction. that.
”
答案 Thiscraft⁃basedtheoryisrootedinhistory. WilliamMorris
,
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 题材是人物故事类 岁的卡 the Englishartistandwriter turnedbacktopre⁃indu⁃strialartsin
, 。 35 ,
车司机Colm在家中因为过敏而心跳骤停 挽救他生命的不 the eighteen⁃sixties just after the Industrial Revolution. The
, ,
是随后赶来的救护车 也不是他的妻子 而是他还在上小学 Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines.
, ,
的 岁的女儿 你知道这个小女孩是怎么挽救了自己爸爸 Without creative human occupation people became
9 。 “ ,
的生命的吗 是靠她那双小脚丫 disconnected from life Morris said.
? 。 ,”
1.D 细节理解题 根据第二段的 restarted father Colms Research has shown that natural environments can restore
。
heart by stamping 踩 on his chest可知答案为D项 她这 恢 复 our mental capacities. In Japan patients are
( ) , ( ) ,
么做是为了让爸爸的心脏重新跳动 encouraged to forest⁃bathe taking walks through woods to
。 “ ”,
2.C 细节理解题 首先应该是女儿 Izzy 学会了急救知识 lower their blood pressure.
。
CPR 某一天Colm的心脏突然停止了跳动 看到这一 These health benefits apply to the workplace as well.
③, ④;
突发状况 妻子Debbie立即拨打急救电话 女儿Izzy Rachel Kaplan a professor of environmental psychology has
, 999②; , ,
开始用脚丫踩爸爸的胸膛进行急救 由此可知答案为 spent years researching the restorative effects of natural
①。
C项 environments. Her research found that workers with access to
。
3.A 主旨要义题 由第八段的 suffered a mystery allergic nature at the office even simple views of trees and flowers
。 — —
reaction...The second attack was so serious that...可知这一段 felt theirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying. Iflow⁃tech
主要是描述Colm到底患了什么病 所以答案为A项 B offices canpotentiallynourishthebrainsandimprovethemental
, 。 、
D两项是该段的细节而不是主题 该段没有介绍是什么导 health of employees then fine bring on the cottages.
; , ,
致他过敏 故排除C项 1.The writer mentions the two nineteenth⁃century cottages to
, 。
4.C 主旨要义题 作者一开始描述这个小女孩用自己的急 show that .
。
救知识来挽救父亲生命的经过 接下来是小女孩的妈妈对 A.Twitter is having a hard time
,
此事的描述 所以作者写这篇文章就是为了向读者报道这 B.old cottages are in need of protection
。
样的一件事 所以答案为C项 C.early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana
, 。
Passage 35(2014浙江,C) D. Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of
Last summer two nineteenth⁃century cottages were low technology
,
rescued fromremotefarmfieldsinMontana tobemovedtoan 2.Low technology is regarded as something that .
,
Art Deco building in San Francisco. The houses were made of A.is related to nature
wood. These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked B.is out of date today
the dry Montana soil now they hold Twitter engineers. C.consumes too much energy
;
The cottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustrysoddlove D.exists in the virtual world
affair with low technology a concept associated with the 3. The main idea of Paragraph is that human
“ ”, 5
natural world and with old⁃school craftsmanship 手艺 that beings .
, ( )
existslongbeforetheInternetera. Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual A.have destroyed many pre⁃industrial arts
虚拟的 so to take advantage of it Internet companies B.have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts
( ) — , ,
have had to get creative. The rescued wood cottages fitted by C.can become intelligent by learning history
,
hand in the late eighteen⁃hundreds are an obvious example D.can regain their individual identity by using machines
, ,
but Twitters designs lie on the extreme end. Other companies 4.The writers attitude to low technology can best be
“ ”
are using a broader interpretation 阐释 of low technology described as .
( )
that focuses on nature. A.positive B.defensive C.cautious D.doubtful
Amazon isbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees so 5.What might be the best title for the passage
, ?
thatemployeescan workandsocializeinamorenatural park⁃ A.Past Glories Future Dreams.
“ , ,
like setting . At Googles office an entire floor is carpeted in B.The Virtual World the Real Challenge.
” , ,
专题十 主旨要义 3 55
C.High⁃tech Companies Low⁃tech Offices. much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
,
D.The More Craftsmanship the Less Creativity. Being a public figure today however is a lot more
, , ,
答案 difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文 题材是科普知识类 文章由 without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.
, 。
Twitter公司将 世纪的小木屋改造成工程师的办公室引 When they say something silly or do something ridiculous
19 ,
入 介绍了当今一些高科技公司采用 低科技的 实则亲近 there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and
, “ ”(
自然的 技术和理念来打造办公场所 指出这样的办公场所 keep their story alive forever.
) , “ ”
有助于减轻压力和提高效率 If fame is so troublesome why arent all celebrities
。 ,
1.D 推理判断题 结合本文主旨以及后文内容可以推出D running awayfrom it The answeristhere arestillwaystodeal
。 ?
为正确选项 作者提及这个信息就是为了引出主旨 with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with
。
benefits of low technology 其他选项与文章主旨无直接 trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away
。
关系 from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on
。
2.A 细节理解题 根据文章第二段内容 associated with the what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first
。 “
natural world 可知A为正确选项 place.
”, 。
3.B 主旨要义题 第五段第一句为主题句 即这种工艺理 Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still
。 , ,
念在人类历史上是根深蒂固的 故B为正确选项 even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard
, 。
4.A 推理判断题 由文章主旨 尤其是文章后两段可以看 their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.
。 ,
出 作者赞同 自然化的环境有助于病人恢复健康 有助于 1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today .
, “ ,
员工改善工作状态 的观点 故 A选项 赞成的 为正确选 A.are often misunderstood by the public
” , “ ”
项 B选项为 怀有戒心的 C 选项为 谨慎的 D 选项 B.can no longer have their privacy protected
。 “ ”; “ ”;
为 怀疑的 均为错误选项 C.spend too much on their public appearance
“ ”, 。
5.C 主旨要义题 结合文章主旨内容 其核心词就是 high⁃ D.care little about how they have come into fame
。 ,
tech low⁃tech 所以C项正确 2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3
, , 。 ?
[温馨提示] .These cottages once housed early settlers as A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
1
they worked the dry Montana soil...早期的移民在蒙大拿州开 B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
荒时曾在这些小屋里住过 C.Well⁃known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
……
.Other companies are using a broader interpretation 阐 D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
2 (
释 of low technology that focuses on nature.其他公司正在使 3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today
) ?
用更广义的 注重自然的低端技术 A.Availability of modern media.
、 。
Passage 36(2013北京,C) B.Inadequate social recognition.
Does Fame Drive You Crazy C.Lack of favorable chances.
?
Although being famous might sound like a dream come D.Huge population of fans.
true todays stars feeling like zoo animals face pressures 4.What is the authors attitude toward modern celebrity
, , , ?
that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of A.Sincere. B.Sceptical.
the worlds attention. Paparazzi 狗仔队 camp outside their C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.
( )
homes cameras ready. Tabloids 小报 publish thrilling 答案
, ( )
stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to [语篇解读] 本文为议论文 作者主要对现在的名人没有
。
do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a 隐私的问题发表了自己的看法
。
signature 1.B 推理判断题 根据文章第一段第二 三 四句 They are
! 。 、 、 “
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal at the center of much of the worlds attention. Paparazzi camp
,
celebrities famous people worry constantly about their public outside their homes cameras ready. Tabloids publish thrilling
— — ,
appearance. Eventually they start to lose track of who they storiesabouttheirpersonallives. 可知现在的明星没有隐私
, ” ,
really are seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them 故选择B项
, , 。
not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. 2.B 主旨要义题 此段通过列举历史上的名人所遇到的麻
。
Overtime Villarrealsays theyfeelseparatedandalone. 烦来证明名人所遇到的问题由来已久 故选择B项
“ ,” , “ ” , 。
The phenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundfor 3.A 细节理解题 根据第四段所描述内容可知以Internet为代
。
ages. Inthe thcenturyB. C. paintersfollowedAlexanderthe 表的现代媒介令名人们的处境更加不易 故此题选择A项
4 , , 。
Great into battle hoping to picture his victories for his 4.D 推理判断题 通读全文可以发现 作者对现代名人没
, 。 ,
admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the th 有批判 怀疑或是大加鼓励 倒是同情他们没有隐私 体谅
19 、 , 、
century his sold⁃out readings attracted thousands of fans 他们难处的句子频繁出现 故此题应选择D项sympathetic
, , ,
leading him to complain 抱怨 about his lack of privacy. 同情的 sincere真诚的 sceptical怀疑的 disapproving不赞
( ) 。 ; ;
Tabloids of the s and s ran articles about film⁃stars in 同的
1920 1930 。
3 56 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
长难句 Although being famous might sound like a dream 2. In the journey the author was most disappointed at
,
come true, todays stars, feeling like zoo animals,face pressures seeing .
that fewof us can imagine.尽管成名或许听起来就像梦想实现了 A.the long track B.the poor houses
一样,可如今的明星感觉就像动物园的动物,承受着少有人能够 C.the same train D.the winding road
想象的压力。 3.Upon arriving at the classroom the author was cheered up
,
本句是复合句,although 引导让步状语从句;feeling like by .
zoo animals是现在分词短语作状语,主句为todays stars face A.a warm welcome B.the sight of poke greens
pressures that few of us can imagine。 C.Dorothys latest projects D.a big dinner made for her
Passage 37(2013湖南,B) 4.What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph
?
A.She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.
In my living room there is a plaque 匾 that advises
, ( )
B.She got a pen as a gift from the author.
meto Bloom 开花 whereyouareplanted. Itremindsme
“ ( ) ”
C.She passed the required assessment.
of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early s when I
1980 ,
D.She received her Ph.D degree.
was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program
5.What does the author mainly intend to tell us
with Union College in Barbourville Kentucky. The job ?
, A.Whatever you do you must do it carefully.
responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of ,
B.Whoever you are you deserve equal treatment.
each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory ,
C.However poor you are you have the right to education.
as one who bloomed in her remote area. ,
“ ” D.Wherever you are you can accomplish your achievement.
Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County Kentucky ,
, , 答案
Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town
[语篇解读] 我在 世纪 年代的时候通过一项教育工
of Harlan I followed a road winding around the mountain. In 20 80
, 程认识了Dorothy 我来到了Dorothy的家乡 看到那里人们
the eight⁃mile journey I crossed the same railroad track five 。 ,
, 的生活条件很艰苦但人却很热情和努力 Dorothy的热情和
times giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train 。
, 努力也感染了我 使我对生活有了更深的认识
five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the , 。
1.B 细节理解题 根据第一段中的 when I was teaching
mountains I found it depressing. The poverty level was 。
, Early Childhood Development 可 知 Early Childhood
shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest
Development指的是作者教授的一门课程
feeling of hopelessness. 。
2.B 细节理解题 根据第二段中 贫困水平令人震惊 破旧
From the moment of my arrival at the little school all 。 “ ,
, 的房屋给了作者一种无比绝望的感觉 The poverty level
gloom 忧 郁 disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothys (
( ) was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the
classroom I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a
, greatest feeling of hopelessness. 得知 作者感到失望是因
queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest )” “
为看见了破旧的房屋
projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were ”。
3.A 细节理解题 第三段中提到 从到达那所小学校的第
serving poke greens salad and cornbread for dinner lunch . 。 “
“ ” ( ) 一刻起 我所有的忧郁都消失了 From the moment of my
In case youdontknow pokegreensare aweed⁃typeplantthat , (
, arrival at the little school all gloom disappeared 我受到了
grows wild especially on poor ground. , ),
, 热情的欢迎并得到了女王般的待遇 I was greeted with
Dorothy neverranoutofreportsofexcitingactivitiesofher (
smiling faces and treated like a queen 由此可知选A项
)”, 。
students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came
4.C 细节理解题 由She came to the assessment and passed
。
time tositforthetestingandinterviewingrequiredtoreceiveher
in all areas.可知选C项 她通过了要求的评定条件
“ ”。
Child DevelopmentAssociateCertification Dorothywasready.
5.D 主旨要义题 在这篇文章中 作者主要想告诉我们的
,
。 ,
She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward
是 无论你在哪儿 你都可以取得成就 根据第一句 In
,
“ , ”。
she invited me to the one⁃and⁃only steak house in the area to my living room there is a plaque that advises me to Bloom
, “
celebrate her victory as if she had received her Ph. D degree. where you are planted. 哪里扎根 哪里开花 即无论你人
, ”“ , ”,
After the meal she placed a little box containing an old pen in 在哪儿 只要努力就会取得成就
, , 。
my hand. She said it was a family heirloom 传家宝 but to Passage 38(2013江苏,B)
( ),
me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot Weve considered severalwaysofpayingtocutinline hiring
:
be matched with things. linestanders buyingticketsfromscalpers 票贩子 orpurchasing
, ( ),
1. Early Childhood Development in Paragraph refers line⁃cutting privileges directly from say an airline or an
“ ” 1 , ,
to . amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the
A.a program directed by Dorothy queue waiting your turn with the morals of the market paying a
( ) (
B.a course given by the author price for faster service .
)
C.an activity held by the students Markets and queues paying and waiting are two
— —
D.an organization sponsored by Union College different ways of allocating things and each is appropriate to
,
专题十 主旨要义 3 57
different activities. The morals of the queue First come first 1.A 细节理解题 根据文章第三段第一 二句可知 这种法
, “ , 。 、 ,
served have an egalitarian 平等主义的 appeal. They tell us to 则适用于乘公共汽车 但不适用于所有场合 故选A
” ( ) , , 。
ignore privilege power and deep pockets. 2.C 细节理解题 第四 五段的例子是为了论证第四段第
, , 。 、
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. 一句 即分配原则是不确定的 标准是可变的 故选C
, , , 。
But the moralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions. IfIput 3.B 主旨要义题 文章前五段论述了两种不同的分配方
。
my houseupforsale Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthat 式 即market和queue 最后一段还论述了除上述两种分配
, , ,
comes along simply because its the first. Selling my house and 方式以外的其他分配方式 故B项最贴近文章主旨
, 。 。
waiting for a bus are different activities properly governed by Passage 39(2013课标全国Ⅰ,A)
,
different standards. Some people will do just about anything to save money.
Sometimes standards change and it is unclear which And I am one of them. Take my familys last vacation. It was
,
principle shouldapply. Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear my six⁃year⁃old sons winter break from school and we were
, ,
played over and over as you wait on hold when calling your heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a week⁃long trip. The
,
bank Your call will be answered in the order in which it was flight was overbooked and Delta the airline offered us $
:“ , , ,
received. This is essential for the morals of the queue.Its as if per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next
” 400
the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness. day. I had meetings in NewYork soI hadtoget back. But that
,
But dont take the recorded message too seriously. Today didnt mean my husband and my son couldnt stay. I took my
,
some peoples calls are answered faster than others.Call center nine⁃month⁃old and took off for home.
technology enables companies to score incoming calls and to The next day my husband and son were offered more
“ ” ,
givefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmight credits to take an even later flight. Yes I encouraged okay
, — ,
call this telephonic queue jumping. ordered them to waititoutatthe airportto earn more Delta
— “ ”
Of course markets and queues are not the only ways of Dollars. Our total take $ . Not bad huh
, : 1, 600 , ?
allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit others by Now somepeoplemaythinkImabadmotherandnotsuch
,
need still others by chance. However the tendency of markets a great wife either. But as a big⁃time bargain hunter I know
, , ,
to replace queues and other non⁃market ways of allocating the valueofadollar. Andthesedays agooddealissomething
, ,
goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it few of us can afford to pass up.
anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue⁃jumping Ive made a living looking for the best deals and exposing
schemesweveconsidered atairportsandamusementparks in 揭露 the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of
— , ( )
call centers doctors offices and national parks are recent NBCsTodayshowforoveradecade. Ihavewrittenacoupleof
, , —
developments scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The books including one titled Tricks of the Trade A Consumer
, :
disappearance ofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusual Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in.
concern but these are not the only places that markets have I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your
,
entered. moneys worth. Im also tightfisted when it comes to shoes
,
1.According to the author which of the following seems clothesformychildren andexpensiverestaurants. ButIwouldnt
, ,
governed by the principle First come first served hesitate tospendonagoodhaircut. Itkeepsitsshapelonger and
“ , ”? ,
A.Taking buses. its the firstthingpeoplenotice. AndIwillalsospendonaclassic
B.Buying houses. piece of furniture. Quality lasts.
C.Flying with an airline. 1.Why did Delta give the authors family credits
?
D.Visiting amusement parks.
A.They took a later flight.
2.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs and
B.They had early bookings.
4 5
illustrates .
C.Their flight had been delayed.
A.the necessity of patience in queuing
D.Their flight had been cancelled.
B.the advantage of modern technology
2.What can we learn about the author
?
C.the uncertainty of allocation principle
A.She rarely misses a good deal.
D.the fairness of telephonic services
B.She seldom makes a compromise.
3.The passage is meant to .
C.She is very strict with her children.
A.justify paying for faster services
D.She is interested in cheap products.
B.discuss the morals of allocating things
3.What does the author do
?
C.analyze the reason for standing in line
A.Shes a teacher.
D.criticize the behavior of queue jumping
B.Shes a housewife.
答案
C.Shes a media person.
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文 题材属于社会生活类 文章阐
, 。 D.Shes a businesswoman.
述了社会分配的方式问题
。
3 58 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
4.What does the author want to tell us from landing gear up .
? “ ”
A.How to expose bad tricks. 1.What does the author say about doctors in general
?
B.How to reserve airline seats. A.They like flying by themselves.
C.How to spend money wisely. B.They are unwilling to take advice.
D.How to make a business deal. C.They pretend to be good pilots.
答案 D.They are quick learners of CRM.
[语篇解读] 作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点 即 2.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM
,
如何获取金钱的最大利用价值 理性消费 when .
, 。
1.A 细节理解题 根据第一段第五句可知 因为航班机票 A.he saved the plane by speaking up
。 ,
超额预订 航空公司 Delta 补偿我们每人 美金 要我 B.he was in charge of a flying task
, ( ) 400 ,
们放弃座位 第二天再离开 故选A 他们乘坐了较晚的航 C.his boss landed the plane too late
, 。 (
班 D.his boss operated on a patient
)。
2.A 推理判断题 根据第三段第二句可知 作为一名一流 3.In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means .
。 , “ ”
的讨价还价高手 我知道每一美元的价值 由此推断 A项 A.following flying requirements
, 。 ,
她几乎不会错过任何一笔能获利的交易 符合文意 B.overreacting to different opinions
( ) 。
3.C 细节理解题 根据第四段中 I have been the consumer C.listening to what fellow doctors say
。
reporter以及Ihavewrittenacoupleofbooks可知 作者是一 D.making a mistake that may cost lives
,
个媒体人 而非教师 家庭主妇和女商人 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
, 、 。 ?
4.C 主旨要义题 根据最后一段第一句 我告诉你们这个 A.CRM A New Way to Make Flying Safe
。 ( :
是因为得到金钱的价值并不是一件让人羞愧的事 可推断 B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor
)
出 作者想要告诉我们如何明智地花费金钱 C.The Making of a Good Pilot
, 。
高级词块 pass up拒绝 there is no shame in doing D.A Pilot⁃Turned Doctor
① ②
sth.做某事不丢人 tightfisted adj.吝啬的 答案
③
Passage 40(2013课标全国Ⅱ,A) [语篇解读] 日常工作中医生往往听不进别人的观点和建
Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They dont listen 议 这一点很糟糕 我 通过自己的一次经历深深理解了一
, 。 “ ”
because they already know it all. I was lucky I became a pilot 种工作原理 CRM的重要性 那什么是CRM呢
: ——— , ?
in almost ten years before I graduated from medical 1.B 细节理解题 根据第一段的 They dont listen because
1970, 。
school. I didnt realize then but becoming a pilot makes me a they already know it all.可知作者认为医生们总是认为自己
,
better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger faster planes 什么都知道所以就不听别人的意见 故选B项
, , , 。
and in worse weather I learned about crew resource 2.A 细节理解题 根据第二段倒数第二句 I put aside my
, 。
management 机组资源管理 or CRM a new idea to make uneasiness and said We need to put the landing gear down
( ), , ,“
flyingsafer. Itmeansthatcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeak now 可知是我在紧要关头勇敢说出自己的建议而挽救了
!”
up for a good result regardless of positions. 我俩的性命 故选A项
, , 。
I first read about CRM in . Not long after that an 3.D 推理判断题 最后一段作者描述自己在给病人做手术
1980 , 。
attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The 的时候总是鼓励别人发表意见 但有时候他们不愿意说 我
, ,
controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The 还是继续鼓励 这样做是为了某一天有人会让我避免犯下
。
attending doctorwasflying Iwassafetypilot. He wassobusy 致命的错误 就像当初我提醒我的老板及时放下起落架一
; ,
because ofthebadturn hehadforgottentoputthelandinggear 样 故选D项 其他三项与该句中的keep me from搭配不
, , 。
起落架 down. He was a better pilot and my boss so it 符合文章要表达的意思
( ) — — 。
felt unusual to speak up. But I had to Our lives were in 4.B 主旨要义题 根据第一段中的 but becoming a pilot
: 。
danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said We need to put makes me a better surgeon以及第二段用自己的一次亲身经
, “
the landing gear down now That was my first real lesson in 历来证明这一点和最后一段我在自己的工作中坚持CRM
!”
the power of CRM and Ive used it in the operating room ever 工作法可知本文的主题是 飞行让我变成了一个更好的
, :
since. 医生
。
CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to 长难句 It further requires that when opinions are from the
speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent
opposite the doctor doesnt overreact which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.这就进一步要求医
, ,
fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when Im in the 生们在听到相反观点的时候,不要反应过激。 这么做会使得
operating room I ask for ideas and help from others. 同事们再也不发表他们的观点了。
,
Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I It further requires that...这进一步要求……。 which 引导
continue to encourage them someday someone will keep me 非限制性定语从句。
,
专题十 主旨要义 3 59
Passage 41(2013辽宁,B) 1.A 主旨要义题 通读全文 并根据关键句 but for the two
。 , “
Going green seems to be a fad 时尚 for a lot of people of us going green is not a fad but a lifestyle 和 Our minds
( ) , ” “
these days. Whether that is good or bad we cant really say have been changed by Our Green Year. 可知文章主要讲述
, , ”
but for the two of us going green is not a fad but a lifestyle. 我 和妻子一年的环保行为 故选A项
, “ ” , 。
On April we decided to go green every single 2.D 推理判断题 根据第二段最后一句话可知一年 天
22, 2011, 。 365
day for an entire year. This meant doing different green 每天都做一件不同的环保事情绝非易事 故选D项
365 , 。
things and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green 3.A 细节理解题 根据第四段第二句至第七句的描述可知
, 。
beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our 我 和妻子在那一年的时间里在试图改掉以前的不环保
“ ”
energy we had to think of different green things to do and 习惯 故选A项
, 365 , 。
this was no easy task. 4.B 推理判断题 根据最后一段的内容可推知选B项
。 。
With the idea of going green every single day for a year Passage 42(2013山东,A)
,
Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate Jimmy is an automotive mechanic but he lost his job a
,
people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped few months ago. He has a good heart but always feared
,
we could show people all the green things that could be done to applying for a new job.
help the environment. We wanted to push the message that One day he gathered up all his strength and decided to
,
every little bit helps. attend ajobinterview. Hisappointmentwasat amanditwas
10
Over the course of Our Green Year we completely already . While waiting for a bus to the office where he
, 8: 30
changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic 有机的 was supposed to be interviewed he saw an elderly man wildly
( ) ,
stores. We consume less meat choosing green food. We have kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something
,
greatly reducedourbuyingwe dontneed. Wehave givenaway wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a
half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car the old man
,
clean by vinegar and lemon juice with no chemical cleaners. asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said
,
We make our own butter enjoying the smell of home⁃made there wasnoneedtopayhim he justhelpedsomeone inneed
, ; ,
fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said
,
ungreen might be punished. Well I could take you to the office for your interview. Its
“ ,
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are the least I could do. Please I insist. Jimmy agreed.
, ”
grateful forthechancetohavebeenabletogogreenandeducate Upon arrival Jimmy found a long line of applicants
,
others. We believe that we do have the power to change things waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him
and help our planet. after the car repair but he did not have much time to wash it
,
1.What might be the best title for the passage off or have a change of shirt. One by one the applicants left
? ,
A.Going Green the interviewers office with disappointed looks on their faces.
B.Protecting the Planet Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a
C.Keeping Open⁃Minded large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back
D.Celebrating Our Green Year and forth he asked Do you really need to be interviewed
, , “ ?”
2.It was difficultforthe couple tolivea greenlife forthe whole Jimmys heart sank. With the way I look now how could I
“ ,
year because . possibly pass this interview he thought to himself.
?”
A.they were expected to follow the green fad Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmys
B.they didnt know how to educate other people surprise it wastheoldmanhehelpedearlierinthemorning. It
,
C.they were unwilling to reduce their energy turned out he was the General Manager of the company.
D.they needed to perform unusual green tasks Sorry I had to keep you waiting but I was pretty sure I
“ ,
3.What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year made therightdecisiontohaveyouaspartofourworkforcebefore
?
A.They tried to get out of their ungreen habits. you even stepped into this office. I just know youd be a
B.They ignored others ungreen behavior. trustworthy worker. Congratulations Jimmy sat down and they
!”
C.They chose better chemical cleaners. shared a cup of well⁃deserved coffee as he landed himself a
D.They sold their home⁃made food. newjob.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph 1.Why did Jimmy apply for a new job
? ?
A.The government will give support to the green project. A.He was out of work.
B.The couple may continue their project in the future. B.He was bored with his job.
C.Some people disagree with the couples green ideas. C.He wanted a higher position.
D.Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign. D.He hoped to find a better boss.
答案 2.What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview
?
[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述 我 和妻子一年的环保行为 A.A friends car had a flat tyre.
“ ” 。
3 60 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
B.A wild man was pushing a car. But then Banner our lamb was born. He was rejected by
,
C.A terrible car accident happened. his mama days before our planned trip to Boise. I had two
D.An old mans car broke down. choices leave Banner with my husband or take him with me.
: ,
3.Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride My husband made the decision for me.
?
A.He was also to be interviewed. That is how I found myself on the road with four kids a
,
B.He needed a travelling companion. baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me
C.He always helped people in need. through. Wetookthecountryroadsoutofnecessity. Wehadto
D.He was thankful to Jimmy. stop every hour let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.
,
4.How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewers question The kids chased him and one another. Theyd get back in the
?
A.He was sorry for the other applicants. car breathless and energized smelling fresh from the cold air.
,
B.There was no hope for him to get the job. We explored side roads catching grasshoppers in waist⁃
,
C.He regretted helping the old man. high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at
D.The interviewer was very rude. baby pigs following their mother or fish leaping out of the
,
5.What can we learn from Jimmys experience water it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here
? ,
A.Where theres a will theres a way. was life. And new horizons 见识 .
, ( )
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed. We eventuallyarrivedatmyparentsdoorstepastonishingly
C.Good is rewarded with good. fresh and full of stories.
D.Two heads are better than one. I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my
答案 disciplining technique. On an empty section of road everyone
,
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 题材是个人情感与人际关系 started quarreling. I stopped the car ordered all kids out and
, 。 ,
Jimmy在去参加工作面试途中发现一位老人的车子抛锚了 told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile
,
于是就帮助老人修好了车 却弄脏了自己 他能顺利通过面 away and read my book in sweet silence.
, 。
试吗 善良的行为会得到什么回报呢 Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that
? ?
1.A 细节理解题 根据第一段中的but he lost his job a few trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone
。
months ago可知答案为A项 adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that
。
2.D 细节理解题 根据第二段的...he saw an elderly man a detour may uncover the best part of a journey and the best
。 —
wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was part of yourself.
something wrong with the car.可知答案为D项 1.Why didtheauthorusetotakefreewaystoherparentshome
。 ?
3.D 推理判断题 由第二段内容可知 Jimmy 帮老人修好 A.It was less tiring.
。 ,
了车 又没有收老人钱 当老人得知Jimmy要急着去参加 B.It would be faster and safer.
, 。
工作面试时 老人坚持开车把他送到面试地点 由此推断 C.Her kids would feel less confined.
, 。
出老人这么做是出自对Jimmy的感激之情 故选D项 D.She felt better with other drivers nearby.
, 。
4.B 推理判断题 根据Jimmy听到面试官的问题后心里所 2.The author stopped regularly on the country roads to .
。
想 我现在的样子怎么可能通过面试呢 可推断出 Jimmy A.relax in the fresh air
“ ?”
认为自己这次面试没有一点希望了 故选B项 B.take a deep breath
, 。
5.C 主旨要义题 本文的主人公Jimmy因为自己的善良顺 C.take care of the lamb
。
利通过了面试 由此可知 善有善报 A 有志者事竟成 B D.let the kids play with Banner
, : 。 : ; :
患难见真情 C 善有善报 D 三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮 故 3.What does the author discover from the trip according to
; : ; : 。
选C项 Paragraph
。 6?
Passage 43(2013天津,C) A.Freeways are where beauty hides.
Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more B.Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life.
by thedetours 绕行路 inlifethanbythenarrowroadtoward C.Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits ones health.
( )
goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I D.One should follow side roads to watch wild animals.
discovered the deep meaning of his words. 4.Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their
For years we made thelongdrive from ourhomeinSeattle way back home
?
to my parents home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the A.To give herself some time to read.
way most people do the fastest shortest easiest road B.To order some food for them.
: , , ,
especially when I was alone with four noisy restless kids who C.To play a game with them.
,
hate confinement 限制 and have strong opinions about D.To let them cool down.
( )
everything. 5.What could be the best title for the passage
?
Road trips felt risky so I would drive fast stopping only A.Charm of the Detour B.The Road to Bravery
, ,
when I had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired. C.Creativity outofNecessity D.RoadTripandCountryLife
专题十 主旨要义 3 61
答案 Prolonged 长时间的 contactcomfort withaclothmother
( ) “ ”
[语篇解读] 作者通过自己亲身的旅行经历 更深刻地理解 appears to give the babies confidence and is much more
,
了绕行道的意义 虽然会比较慢 但是我们能近距离地接 rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
——— ,
近自然 感受到生活更大的乐趣 According to the Harlows the basic quality of a babys
, 。 ,
1.B 细节理解题 第三段最后一句提到作者坚持走高速公 love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar
。
路 到达的时候会比较累 A项与此相反 故排除 C和D playroom without its mother the baby ignores the toys no
, 。 , 。 ,
项文中没有涉及 matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and
。
2.C 细节理解题 从第五段中的第二 三句得知 作者出于 curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now
。 、 :
需要要走乡间小路 他们不得不每小时停下让 Banner 伸 introduced into the playroom the baby rushes to it and holds
。 ,
伸腿并且喂它 故选C项 停车去照顾小羊羔 onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort it
。 ( )。 ,
3.B 推理判断题 作者通过看到的自然景象得出感慨 这 obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from
。 :
样的旅行要比高速公路上最好的旅行还要好 因为这才是 the mother⁃substitute and begins to explore the toys but often
, ,
生活 而且增长了见识 故选 B 项 接近自然可以增加生 rushes back for a deep embrace 拥抱 as if to make sure that
, 。 ( ( )
活的乐趣 its motherisstillthere andthatalliswell. Bitbybititsfearsof
)。
4.D 细节理解题 第八段中提到 在回去的路上 孩子们在 the new environmentaregoneanditspendsmoreandmoretime
。 , ,
车上争吵 所以作者就命令他们下车到前面会合 也就是要 playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its
, ,
孩子们冷静下来不要争吵 故选D项 mother .
。 。 “ ”
5.A 主旨要义题 作者以诗人William Stafford对绕行道的 1.Psychologically what does the baby monkey desire most
。 ,
理解引题 加上自己的亲身经历 进一步理解了绕行道更深 during the first two weeks of its life
, , ?
刻的意义 它会让你发现旅行中最好的部分 也发现最 A.Warmth. B.Milk. C.Contact. D.Trust.
——— ,
好的自己 故选A项 绕行道的魅力 2.Afterthefirsttwoweeksoftheirlife babymonkeyspreferthe
。 ——— 。 ,
Passage 44(2013浙江,C) cloth mothertothe wire motherbecause the formeris .
The babymonkeyismuchmoredevelopedatbirththanthe A.larger in size
human baby. Almost from the moment it is born the baby B.closer to them
,
monkey canmove aroundandholdtightlytoitsmother. During C.less frightening and less disturbing
the firstfewdaysofitslifethebabywillapproachandholdonto D.more comfortable to rub against
almost any large warm and soft object in its environment 3.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged
, , ,
particularly if thatobjectalsogivesitmilk. Aftera weekorso contact comfort
, “ ”?
however the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and A.Attention. B.Softness.
,
focuses its attentions on mother the real mother or the C.Confidence. D.Interest.
“ ” —
mother⁃substitute 母亲替代物 . 4. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels
( )
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the secure .
,
most important psychological 心理的 thing that a monkey A.it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring
( )
mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows a couple who are the toys
,
both psychologists discovered this fact by offering baby B.it spends more time screaming to get rewards
,
monkeys a choice of two types of mother⁃substitutes one C.it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
—
covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two D.it cares less about whether its mother is still around
artificial mothers were both the same temperature the little 5.The main purpose of the passage is to .
,
monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However if the A.give the reasons for the experiment
,
wire model was heated while the cloth model was cool for B.present the findings of the experiment
, ,
the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the C.introduce the method of the experiment
warm wire mother⁃substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they D.describe the process of the experiment
switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable 答案
cloth mother. [语篇解读] 本文为说明文 题材为动物研究 作者通过具
, 。
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire Something that the 体实验结果来说明幼猴比婴儿智商更发达
? 。
Harlows called contact 接触 comfort seems to be the 1.A 细节理解题 根据第二段第一句话During the first two
( ) 。
answer and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys weeks of its life warmth is...可知答案
, 。
spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins 2.D 细节理解题 根据第三段可知两周后 小猴子最需要
, 。 ,
putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they 的是与母性接触获得安慰 而电线的触感不及布料 故 D
, 。
can. Whenever the young animal is frightened disturbed or 项正确
, , 。
annoyed it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against 3.C 推理判断题 由第三段可知小猴子在与 母亲 的接触
, 。 “ ”
her body. Wire doesnt rub as well as does soft cloth. 中获得的是自信
“ ” 。
3 62 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
4.D 推理判断题 从文章的最后一段的描述可以看出 当 3.According to the passage Jeremy Paxman believes that
。 , ,
小猴子被放在一个陌生的环境中 它就会因为害怕而对玩 .
,
具没有任何兴趣 但是 当它确信它 妈妈 在场的时候 它 A.Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather
, , “ ” ,
就会cares less它的 妈妈 了 B.there is nothing special about the English weather
“ ” 。
5.B 主旨要义题 从通篇内容来看 文章主要是为了呈现 C.the English weather attracts people to the British Isles
。 ,
实验发现 B项符合 D.English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty
。 。
Passage 45(2013重庆,E) 4.What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage
?
It is widely known that any English conversation begins A.To explain what English weather⁃speak is about.
with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds B.To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.
expression in Dr Johnsons famous comment that When two C.To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.
“
English meet their first talk is of weather. Though Johnsons D.To convince people that the English weather is changeable.
, ”
observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years 答案
ago most commentators fail to come up with a convincing [语篇解读] 本文为议论文 题材为社会文化类 主要介绍
, , ,
explanation for this English weather⁃speak. 了对英国人见面谈论天气的不同看法
。
Bill Bryson for example concludes that as the English 1.D 推理判断题 第一段作者首先提出英国人见面谈论天
, , , 。
weatherisnotatallexciting theobsessionwithitcanhardlybe 气这一现象 接着就给出了 Dr Johnson 的评论 由此可判
, , ,
understood. He argues that To an outsider the most striking 断引用Dr Johnson评论的目的是说明这一现象的普遍 故
“ , ,
thing about the Englishweatheristhatthereisnotverymuchof 选D项
。
it. Simply the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable 2.B 猜测词义题 第二段提到Bill Bryson认为由于英国的
” ,
。
weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.
天气一点也不让人兴奋 所以人们见面就谈天气的这种痴
,
Jeremy Paxman however disagrees with Bryson
迷令人费解 可推断obsession的意思是 痴迷 是一种情
, , ,
。 “ ”,
arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson
感状态 故选B A 社会趋势 B 情感状态 C 历史概念
, 。 : ; : ; : ;
is wrong he says because the English preference for the
D 未知现象
, ,
: 。
weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. The
“
3.D 推理判断题 根据第三段中 The interest is less in the
。 “
interest is less in the phenomena themselves but in
, phenomena themselves but in uncertainty. 可知人们见面谈
, ”
uncertainty. Accordingtohim theweatherinEnglandisvery
” , 论天气的兴趣不在天气本身 而在于天气的不确定性 故
, ,
changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as
选D
the outsider. 。
4.A 主旨要义题 文章第一段首先引出英国人见面爱谈天
Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions 。
气的现象 第二段和第三段分别阐述了 Bill Bryson 和
about the weather⁃speak among the English. Both ,
Jeremy Paxman对这一现象的两种相反观点 最后一段提出
commentators somehow are missing the point. The English ,
, , 了自己的观点 英国人见面谈论天气是社交的一种手段 可
weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. : ,
判断文章的写作目的是剖析英国人见面谈天气的原因
English weather⁃speak is a system of signs which is developed 。
, 长难句 Jeremy Paxman,however,disagrees with Bryson,
to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually
arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive.然而,
talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with
Jeremy Paxman和Bryson持有相反的观点。 Jeremy争辩说英
weather⁃speak are not requests for weather data. Rather they
, 国的天气在本质上是吸引人的。
are routine greetings conversation starters or the blank
, 句中arguing...作伴随状语,that引导的从句作及物动词
fillers . In other words English weather⁃speak is a means of
“ ” , argue的宾语。
social bonding.
Passage 46(2012课标全国,D)
1.The author mentions Dr Johnsons comment to show that
Grown⁃ups are often surprised by how well they remember
.
somethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthave neverpracticedever
A.most commentators agree with Dr Johnson
since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for
B.Dr Johnson is famous for his weather observation
years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the
C.the comment was accurate two hundred years ago
water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride
D.English conversations usually start with the weather
away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A
2.What does the underlined word obsession most probably
“ ” mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach
refer to
? her daughter the poem that begins Twinkle twinkle little
A.A social trend. “ , ,
star or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the
B.An emotional state. ”
Three Bears.
C.A historical concept.
One explanation is the law of overlearning which can be
D.An unknown phenomenon. ,
stated as follows Once we have learned something additional
: ,
专题十 主旨要义 3 63
learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it. A.a result of overlearning
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as B.a special case of cramming
swimming bicycle riding and playing baseball long after we C.a skill to deal with math problems
, ,
have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind D.a basic step towards advanced studies
ourselves of words such as Twinkle twinkle little star and 4.What is the authors opinion on cramming
“ , , ” ?
childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only A.It leads to failure in college exams.
learn but overlearn. B.Its helpful only in a limited way.
The multiplication tables 乘法口诀表 are an exception C.Its possible to result in poor memory.
( )
to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that D.It increases students learning interest.
we learn in school because they are another of the things we 答案
,
overlearn in childhood. [语篇解读] 本文为说明文 为什么我们儿时学到的东西在
。
The lawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming 突击学习 间隔了多年后仍然记忆犹新 这也许是由 过度学习法则 所决
( ) ? “ ”
foranexamination thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade isnot 定的
, , 。
a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming a 1.A 主旨要义题 本段的第一句话为主题句 可以概括本
, 。 ,
student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the 段主题 即人们通常会记得儿时学到的一些东西 下文主要
, ,
examination but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he 对此进行举例说明
, 。
learned. A little overlearning on the other hand is really 2.D 推理判断题 文章第三段列举了很多例子来解释说明
, , 。
necessary for ones future development. the law of overlearning 如游泳 骑自行车 打棒球等
, 、 、 。
1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3.A 细节理解题 根据倒数第二段 ...because they are
1? 。 “
A.People remember well what they learned in childhood. another of the things we overlearn in childhood. 可知 能运
” ,
B.Children have a better memory than grown⁃ups. 用乘法口诀也是因为在儿时的 过度学习
“ ”。
C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words. 4.B 推理判断题 根据最后一段可知 突击学习对于考试
。 ,
D.Stories for children are easy to remember. 虽然有帮助 但却不利于大学的学习 由此可知 突击学习
, 。 ,
2.The author explains the law of overlearning by . 的帮助是有限的
。
A.presenting research findings 长难句 A man who has not had a chance to go swimming
B.setting down general rules for yearscanstillswim aswellaseverwhenhe getsbackinthe
C.making a comparison water.当多年没有机会游泳的人重新回到水里时,依然能和
D.using examples 过去一样游得非常好。
3.According to the author being able to use multiplication who引导定语从句,修饰先行词 man;when 引导时间状
,
tables is . 语从句。 as well as在句中意为“和……一样好”。
学生用书P174
一、明确主旨要义类题目的常用命题形式 项的特点 正确选项通常不含细节信息和表绝对意义的词
: ,
1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that . 能概括文章全部内容 错误选项往往是对细节部分的概括
; ,
2.The passage is mainly about . 常含表绝对意义的词
。
3.The best title/headline for this passage is .
三、熟练识别主题句的位置
4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is .
5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that . 段落的主题通常由被称为主题句 Topic Sentence 的句
( )
6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with . 子来表示 主题句有两个功能 一是介绍段落的主题
。 :
7.Which of the following statements best expresses the Topic 二是阐述控制概念 Controlling Idea 控制概念用
( ); ( ),
main idea of the passage 以控制段落中句子讨论的内容
? 。
8.Which of the following best states the theme of the 主题句通常是段落的第一句或末尾一句 偶尔在段落中
,
passage 间 我们在阅读非故事性文章如科普文章时 主题句尤其明
? 。 ,
显 有的文章无明显的主题句 而是把主题隐含在段意
二、注意选项的突出特点 。 ,
之中
。
主旨是文章的核心 即文章的中心思想或主题 主旨要 1.主题句位于段首
, 。
义题主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节 是否具备提纲挈领 主题句位于段首是由作者先立论 后摆事实讲道理的写
、 ,
的能力 即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括 判断 归 作手法形成的 这种段落称作演绎型段落 在议论文或说
, 、 、 。 。
纳 推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结 主旨要义 明文中 有 % %的主题句是段落的第一句 这样的段
、 。 , 60 ~90 。
题通常涉及概括中心大意 揭示主题 选择标题等形式 选 落模式可用倒三角 来表示
、 、 。 (▽) 。
3 64 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
寻找主题句 4.主题隐含在段意之中
(1)
有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词 常见的信息词有 有些段落没有明显的主题句 其中心思想包含在各个句
, ,
for example an example of the most important example first 子中 这就要求读者依据已知的细节 归纳出段落的中心思
, , , , , ,
second next then last finally to begin with also besides 想 这种段落模式可用正方形 来表示
, , , , , , , 。 (□) 。
that等
。 四、注意标题的要求
在阅读中 应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置
, 。
如果无明显的信息词 可先假设第一句为主题句 在第二句 标题是段落中心思想的精练表达形式 在阅读中 不仅
, , 。 ,
前面添加一个for example 看看第二句是否可以支撑第一句 要求读者能够通过自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想
, ,
话 如果第二句不能支撑第一句话 便在其他地方找出主 而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼 拟定出段落的标
, , ,
题句 题 在考试中要求考生能迅速而准确地选择标题
。 。 。
选择答案 主题句有两个功能 介绍段落主题 Topic 和阐述控制
(2) : ( )
先彻底弄懂主题句的句意 然后阅读 A B C和 D四个 概念 Controlling Idea 主题句中的主题实际上就是段落的
, 、 、 ( )。
选项 选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案 如主题句的再现 主 主题 所以 有明确主题句的段落标题的拟定方式是 以表
, , , 。 , :
题句句意的复述或推论等 排除与主题句句意无关的答案 示主题的词为核心 与表示控制概念的词按一定的语法浓缩
, , ,
如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等 为能高度概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组
。 。
2.主题句位于段末 例1 Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit.
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实 后做结论的手 主题 Smoking cigarettes
, :
法 这种段落称作归纳型段落 这种段落的模式可用正三角 控制概念 can be an expensive habit
, 。 :
来表示 标题 The Expensive Habit of Smoking Cigarettes
(△) 。 :
3.主题句位于段落中间 例2 Coffee is a universal beverage 饮料 that is served in
( )
主题句偶尔也出现在段落中间 但不一定就在正中间 different ways around the world.
, 。
有时第一句并非主题句 而是承上启下的过渡句 在这种情 主题 Coffee
, 。 :
况下 第二句便成了主题句 此外 主题句也可能是段落的 控制概念 isauniversalbeveragethatisservedindifferent
, 。 , :
倒数第二句 这种段落模式可用菱形 来表示 这种图 ways around the world
。 (◇) 。
标题 Coffee Around the World
形可看做是 和 的合二为一 △ 这种段落是从支撑细 :
△ ▽ ( )。 拟定标题 不一定完全机械地套用上述公式 方法可灵
, ,
▽
活多样 然而 不论采用何种方式 有一条原则应该遵守 绝
节开始 发展到结论 出现主题句 当主题句出现后 又进
。 , , :
, ( )。 ,
对不能离开主题句所表达的主要概念
一步用细节支持说明 其安排顺序是 次要 重要
。
, : ——— ———
次要
。
五、主旨要义类题目的常用解题方法
例1 I am not special just single⁃minded. It always struck 解析 本题考查段落大意 最后一句 Remember little
, 。 :
me that when youre looking at a big challenge from the outside steps add up to big dreams.是该段的主题句 与选项B同义
, ,
it looks huge but when youre in the midst of it it just seems 故选B项
, , 。
normal. Everything you want wont arrive in your life on one 答案 B
day. Its a process. Remember little steps add up to big dreams. 例2 Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco
:
Whatdoestheauthormostlywanttotellusintheparagraph there lives a bird that swims before it can fly flies like a fat
? ,
A.Failure is the mother of success. chicken eats green leaves has the stomach of a cow and has
, ,
B.Little by little one goes far. claws 爪 on its wings when young. They build their homes
, ( )
C.Every coin has two sides. about . mabovetheriver animportantfeature 特征 forthe
46 , ( )
D.Well begun half done. safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.
,
专题十 主旨要义 3 65
In appearance the birds of both sexes look very much alike eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children
,
withbrown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The without bedroom TVs.
headissmall withalargesetoffeathersonthetop brightredeyes A secondstudy lookingatnearly grown⁃upsinNew
, , , , 1,000
and blueskin.Itsnearestrelativesarethecommonbirds cuckoos.Its Zealand found lower education levels among ⁃year⁃olds who
, , 26
most strikingfeature though isonlyfoundinthe young. had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results dont
, ,
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each prove that TVisthe causeanddontruleoutthatalreadypoorly
wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four motivated youngsters 年轻人 may watch lots of TV.
( )
claws togetherwiththebeak 喙 theycanclimbaboutinthe Their study measured the TV habits of ⁃year⁃olds
, ( ), 26
bushes lookingverymuchlikeprimitivebirds. Whentheyoung between ages and . Those with college degrees had watched
, 5 15
hoatzins have learned to fly they lose their claws. an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during
,
During the drier months between December and March childhood comparedwithanaverageofmorethan . hoursfor
, 25
hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of to birds but in those who had no education beyond high school.
20 30 ,
April when the rainy season begins they collect together in In the California study children with TVs in their rooms
, , ,
smaller livingunitsoftwotosevenbirdsforproducingpurposes. butnocomputerathomescoredthelowest while those withno
,
What is the text mainly about bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.
?
A.Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets
B.The relatives and enemies of hoatzins. caused the lower scores it adds to accumulating findings that
,
C.Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. children shouldnt have TVs in their bedrooms.
D.The appearance and living habits of hoatzins. What would be the best title for this text
?
解析 本题考查全文主旨要义 通读全文可知 文章主要 A.Computers or Television
。 ,
介绍了麝雉 the hoatzin 的外表特征以及生活习性 故选D项 B.Effects of Television on Children
( ) , 。
答案 D C.Studies on TV and College Education
例3 Too much TV⁃watching can harm childrens ability to D.Television and Childrens Learning Habits
learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree 解析 本题考查最佳标题 通读全文可知 文章主要通
, 。 ,
new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of 过两项研究分析了看电视对儿童所造成的影响 文章第一
。
television on children. 段为全文的主题 故选B项
, 。
One of the studies looked at nearly northern California 答案 B
400
third⁃graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about
A 组 考点基础题组 学生用书P176
Passage1(2021安徽安庆4月联考,C) Unicycling is a fun activity regardless of your ability level.
Unicyclesareone⁃wheeledvehiclesthatdevelopedfromthe Riding a unicycle is self⁃motivating and psychologically
original bicycle the Penny Farthing which consisted of a large stimulating because youwillnoticeimprovementseachtimeyou
, ,
front wheel and a much smaller back wheel. When this bike hit ride. Some people find that it gives them feelings of control
bumps 凸块 or suddenly slowed down the back wheel came when they can achieve balancing and riding on just one wheel.
( ) ,
off the ground so many riders learned to balance on just the Some riders use their unicycles as their primary mode of
,
front wheel. Thus bicycle makers began making vehicles with transportation for work or school. Because unicycles dont
,
just one wheel. require any type of fuel you can save money at the pump.
,
Some of the benefits of riding a unicycle include burning Unicycles also have only a few moving parts that might break.
calories and increasing your levels of coordination 协调 This means that you typically dont have to spend much money
, ( ),
concentration and balance. Because unicycles dont have any on repairs. You also wont need to spend money on storing or
handlebars riders must balance using only their abdominal 腹 transporting your unicycle.
, (
部的 muscles and leg muscles. This helps you build a healthier Unicycling is a somewhat uncommon activity. Because of
)
core. Long cycling sessions also increase your heart rate which this asenseofunitytendstogrowamongunicycleriders. Many
, ,
can lead to a healthier cardiovascular 心血管的 system. riders travel significant distances just to go on rides and spend
( )
Riding a unicycle is an effective way to get in a low⁃impact timewithotherunicyclists. Unicyclingisoftenafamilyactivity
,
workout for those with damaged knees and legs. and riding together can bring family members closer.
3 66 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
1.Why was the one⁃wheeled vehicle created helping of chicken soup or increase your mental powers with a
? ,
A.Because it was more beneficial to ones health. serving of pigs brain soup you may find that this ancient
,
B.Because it was more likely to avoid road bumps. Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.
C.Because the front wheel only could also be used for 1.What is the present situation of tonic food
?
balancing. A.It is catching less attention.
D.Because a bicycles back wheel wasnt fixed well. B.It is enjoyed by many young people.
2.What does the underlined word This in Paragraph C.It is well known worldwide.
“ ” 2
refer to D.It is becoming increasingly popular.
?
A.Having a handlebar. B.Stopping a unicycle. 2.What is believed to benefit new mothers
?
C.Increasing strength. D.Balancing a unicycle. A.Chinese cabbage. B.Fruit tea.
3.What is Paragraph mainly about C.A sesame oil hot pot. D.Pigs brain soup.
4 ?
A.Typical features of cycling. 3.Which of the following best explains catering underlined in
“ ”
B.Basic modes of transportation. Paragraph
3?
C.Economic benefits of unicycling. A.Medicine. B.Restaurant. C.Education. D.Fashion.
D.Ways to store and transport unicycles. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text
?
4.The text is mainly written to . A.The Charm of Chinese Cuisine
A.introduce benefits of unicycling B.The Popularity of Tonic Food
B.show how unicycles are spread C.An Introduction to Chinese Tonic Food
C.display varieties of unicycles D.Differences between Hot Food and Cold Food
D.advocate teenagers cycling 答案
答案 1.A
1.C 2.C
2.D 3.B
3.C 4.C
4.A Passage3(2021安徽芜湖质量监控,D)
Passage2(2021宁夏银川4月质检,C) From the moon to Mars scientists have been hunting for
,
Chinese cuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundthe alien life in the solar system for decades. However Venus was
,
world. Who doesnt long for a favorite Chinese dish But there not regardedasanidealplace becauseofitshottemperatureand
?
is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is dry atmosphere. But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the
almost unheard of in the West and which is becoming clouds of Venus has excited astronomers as it may serve as a
, ,
increasingly ignored by the youth of the East the ancient potential sign of life.
—
custom of tonic food . On Sept. the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
“ ” 14,
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve ones announced that scientists have detected phosphine 磷化氢
( )
well⁃being or avoid sickness. For instance it was once the in the clouds of Venus. Phosphine is a colorless toxic gas
, ,
custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil 麻油 hot pot that has a smell of garlic. Though it contains poison it is
( ) ,
every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is
that this dish would benefit the muscles reduce pain improve made by micro⁃organisms 微生物 that live in oxygen⁃free
, , ( )
circulation stimulate sweating and warm the body. Some environments.
, ,
foods suchasgoatmeatandspinach areseenas hot while I was very surprised stunned in fact astronomer Jane
, , “ ”, “ — , ,”
others suchasChinesecabbageandradish areseenas cold . Greaves of Cardiff University in Wales and lead author of the
, , “ ”
One should be careful not to eat too much of either hot or research told MSN. There is a chance that we have detected
“ ” “
cold food. However how much hot or cold food one some kind of living organism in the clouds of Venus.
“ ” , “ ” “ ” ”
should eat depends on the time of the year how the food is This layerofcloudsisabout kilometersabovetheVenus
, 48
prepared and what it is prepared with and the individuals surface with its temperature ranging from to degrees
, 30 200
health. Fahrenheit about to °C . Scientists have assumed that if
( -1 93 )
The custom of employing tonic foods for a healthier life life exists on Venus this cloud deck 云盖 is likely the only
, ( )
also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicine place where it would survive.
,
such as wolfberry 枸杞 can be found on many a restaurant Scientistswentthrougheverypossibilitythatcouldhaveled
( ),
menu either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus clouds including
, ,
dish. These herbs attract customers such as over⁃worked office volcanoes lightningstrikes andsmallmeteorites 陨石 falling
, , , ( )
staff in need of a modest pick⁃me⁃up. into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was
,
So whether you need to boost your strength with a large concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this
,
专题十 主旨要义 3 67
gasinVenusclouds otherthanthepresenceoflife USAToday Several students began to perform CPR and also used a newly
, ,
reported. Although the detection of phosphine is not strong installed AED to help the stricken freshman. After two electric
evidence for life this finding is great enough to change shocks were administered the students heart beat was restored
, ,
scientists view on Venus which is thought to be a completely and he was sent to the hospital for further treatment. An
,
inhospitable 不适合居住的 planet. emergency doctor from the hospital who attended the scene said
( )
1.What does the underlined word toxic in Paragraph mean itwashighlylikelythestudentwouldhavedied hadnotaseries
“ ” 2 ? ,
A.Waste. B.Poisonous. of the correct first⁃aid measures been applied along with
,
C.Useful. D.Clean. the AED.
2.What can we learn from the text Pei Zheng a staff member from Tsinghua Universitys
? ,
A.The cloud deck is rich in phosphine. Policy Research Office said it was really cool that AEDs
, “ ”
B.The higher the cloud is above Venus the warmer it is. were availableattheinstitution. Itssogoodthatwehavethese
, “
C.Various living organisms have been detected on Venus. life⁃saving machines on campus otherwise we would have
,
D.If life exists on Venus it is likely in the cloud deck. heard tragic news she said. The devices have been installed
, ,”
3.What did scientists conclude about the phosphine gas detected around the campus in stages.
on Venus 1.What can we infer about the AED
? ?
A.It could be formed as a result of the falling of meteorites. A.It is quite easy to learn to use it.
B.It could be a sign that there is life in Venus clouds. B.It is available nationwide.
C.It could be caused by volcanoes and lightning strikes. C.It has saved many lives.
D.It proves that Venus is another hospitable planet. D.It is invented by medical workers.
4.What is the text mainly about 2.A ⁃year⁃old man and a student are mentioned in the text
? 45
A.Anewlydetectedgasmayindicatepossibleexistenceoflife to .
on Venus. A.make comparisons in age
B.Scientists found the most hospitable place on Venus. B.stress the function of CPR
C.PhosphinethathasbeenformedonVenusmeansalienlifeis C.show the efficiency of the AED
present. D.raise the awareness of heart attacks
D.The environment on Venus changed in favor of life. 3. Why have AEDs been installed around the campus of
答案 Tsinghua University
?
1.B A.To safeguard students health.
2.D B.To make the campus more beautiful.
3.B C.To apply knowledge to practice.
4.A D.To make it convenient to learn to use AEDs.
Passage4(2021内蒙古乌兰察布3月模拟,D) 4.What is the main idea of the text
?
It takes just four minutes for brain cells to be permanently A.Heart attacks can be prevented.
damaged due to a severe lack of oxygen in cases of sudden B.First aid should be learned widely.
cardiac arrest 心脏停搏 . If medical workers do not arrive at C.Universities are equipped with new devices.
( )
the sceneofsuchemergencieswithin minutes thechancesof D.Life⁃saving devices come to the rescue.
10 ,
a victim surviving are minimal. 答案
In September a ⁃year⁃old man fell unconscious at 1.A
, 45
Huoying StationonLine oftheBeijingSubway. Hediedlater 2.C
13
in thehospital despiteattemptsbytwopassengerstorevivehim 3.A
,
byusingcardiopulmonaryresuscitation orCPR. However ifan 4.D
, ,
automated external defibrillator or AED had been available at Passage5 2020广西南宁第一次适应性考试,C
, , ( )
the scene the mans chances of survival would have been Weveknownthatsittingforlongperiodsoftimeeveryday
,
greatly improved. has countless health consequences like a higher risk of heart
,
An AED can recognize an abnormal heart rhythm and disease. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad
quickly correct it through an electric shock. The devices are for your brain.
viewed in medical circles as a more efficient and effective A study published last week conducted by Dr. Prabha
,
method of saving lives in emergencies than using CPR. After a Siddarth at the University of California showed that sedentary
,
brief training period people with no medical knowledge can 久坐的 behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the
, ( )
master the basic skills needed to use an AED. medial temporal lobe 内颞叶 a brain area that is critical to
( ),
In May last year a student at Tsinghua University in learning and memory.
,
Beijing fainted in a dormitory after experiencing head sweats. The researchers asked a group of healthy people between
35
3 68 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
ages and abouttheiractivitylevelsandtheaveragenumber Passage6(2020安徽六校教育研究会二次素质测试,B)
45 70,
of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains. The famous Spanish painter Pablo Picasso once said
,
They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer Every child is an artist. The problem he has is how to remain
“
periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes. It means that the an artist once he grows up.
”
more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain This isbothencouraginganddiscouraging. Thefactthatwe
,
health resulting in possible damage to learning and memory. were all born to be artists is certainly exciting and yet the
, ,
What is also interesting is that this study did no find a reality has proven that remaining one is a task that many of us
significant association between the level of physical activity and have failed.
thickness of this brain area suggesting that exercise even Fortunately some people have seen the problem and want
, , ,
severe exercise may not be enough to protect you from the to solve it.
,
harmful effects of sitting. Western educators have suggested that we introduce the
It then surprisingly turned out that you dont even have to concept of STEAM instead of STEM traditional core
“ ” “ ”— “
move much to enhance cognition 认知 just standing will do majors including science technology engineering and math
( ); ” , , ,
the trick. For example two groups of subjects were asked to since the A which stands for art is just as important.
, — “ ”, “ ”,
complete a test while either sitting or standing. Participants are And on April Chinas Ministry of Education issued a
11,
presented with conflicting stimuli 刺激 like the word guideline. Collegesanduniversitiesarerequiredtoprovidemore
( ),
green in blue ink and asked to name the color. Subjects art⁃related courses and students need to earn a certain number of
“ ” ,
thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a ⁃millisecond art credits in order to graduate.
32
margin. These efforts came after many scientific studies had found
The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well that art education helps students develop self⁃confidence and
known but the possibility that standing more and sitting less teamwork skills as well as habits of mind such as problem
, ,
improves brain health could lower the bar for everyone. solving andcriticalthinking accordingtoTheWashingtonPost.
,
I know this all runs counter to received ideas about deep Its true thatnoneoftheseskillstargetspecific jobs. Butas
,
thought fromourgradeschoolteachers whotoldustositdown former US ballet dancer Damian Woetzel told The Atlantic the
, , ,
and focus and to Rodins famous Thinker seated with his purpose of art is to give kids the tools to become adults who
, “ ,” “
chin on one hand. are creative adaptable andexpressive capableofhavingtheir
, , —
They were wrong. You can now all stand up. eyes and ears and senses alive . And we can now see how we
”
1.What can we infer from Paragraphs and lost track of our born artist self on our way to growing up
3 4? “ ” :
A.Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting. We failed to keep our capabilities to see hear and feel and
, ,
B.Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health. became blind deaf and insensitive adults.
,
C.Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain. Hopefully art education can help turn things around.
,
D.Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior. 1.What is the function of the first paragraph
?
2.What does the underlined word margin in Paragraph A.To introduce a famous artist.
“ ” 5
mean B.To summarize the whole passage.
?
A.Blank. B.Edge. C.To lead in the topic.
D.To encourage us to be artists.
C.Decrease. D.Difference.
3.What is the received idea about deep thought
2. Why should the concept of STEAM be introduced
“ ”
?
according to western educators
A.Sitting more is good for our mental health.
?
A.Art is as important as traditional core majors .
B.Sitting is better when we think.
“ ”
B.All of us should learn art in college.
C.Exercising more can improve our cognition.
C.Traditional core majors are out of date.
D.We should stand while thinking.
“ ”
D.Western education is more helpful.
4.The passage mainly tells us .
3.What can we predict from the guideline issued by Chinas
A.people tend to sit while thinking
Ministry of Education
B.standing more can make our brain healthier
?
A.More art⁃related courses will appear in all schools.
C.physical exercise can improve our brain health
B.College students will have to gain enough art credits to
D.sedentary behavior leads to countless health problems
graduate.
答案
C.More students will major in art at colleges and universities.
1.C
D.Art will become much more important than science.
2.D
4.What is the best title of the passage
3.B ?
A.Every child is an artist B.Bringing art to life
4.B
C.Learning from the artists D.Life is art
专题十 主旨要义 3 69
答案 C.explain the research work for the device
1.C D.comment on Aaswath Ramans prediction
2.A 4.What can be a suitable title for the text
?
3.B A.LampsArePoweredbytheEnergyfromtheColdNightSky
4.B B.A Generator Producing Electricity Has Been Applied in
Passage7(2020安徽江南十校4月综合素质检测,D) Many Areas
A new device 设备 works like a solar panel except it C. Scientists Have Made a Breakthrough in Harvesting
( ) ,
doesnt harvest energy from the sun to produce electricity. Green Energy
Instead it uses energy from the cold night sky. D.A Device Uses Energy from the Cold Night Sky to
,
In thecenterofthisdeviceisathermoelectricgenerator 热 Produce Electricity
(
电发电机 which uses the temperature difference between 答案
),
Earth and outer space to create electricity. 1.A
As long as one side of it is cooler than the other the 2.D
,
generator canproduceelectricity.Thecoolersidefacestheskyand 3.A
is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed under a 4.D
transparent cover and surroundedwithmaterialsthatkeepheatout. Passage8(2019云南曲靖一中三检 B)
,
It stays cooler thanthesurroundingairbygettingridofanyheatit My friend and I were at a restaurant in Berkeley for an
absorbsasinfrared 红外线的 radiation.Thatradiationcanzipup evening snack when suddenly we decided to do a small act of
( )
through the transparent cover and on toward outer space. kindness to use the smile card to make someones day.
—
The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed Being attherestaurant wedecidedtopayforsomeoneelse
,
aluminumplate whichiswarmedbythelocalair. Atnight the anonymously. Webothgotexcitedabouttheideaanddecidedto
, ,
top plate can get several degrees centigrade cooler than the do that. We looked around for which table we should pay for
,
bottom of the generator. and then settled on this table it seemed like an immigrant
—
Researchers tested the device one clear December night in family with a fewchildren enjoyingtheircocktailsatthattime.
,
Stanford California. The generator produced up to about I could sense a family bond between them and that they were
, 25
milliwattsofpowerpersquaremeterofthedevice. Thatwasjust having a nice time together. Wecalledinthe waitresstoexplain
enough power to light a small electric lamp. Further the idea to her.
improvements might boost its production to at least As soon as we told her we wanted to pay for another table
500
milliwatts per square meter. and showed her the smile card she got super excited She said
, !
Itsaveryclever idea saysYuanYang a materials scientist she already had goosebumps It made us further enthusiastic.
“ ,” , !
whoworks at Columbia University in New York City. The device Next she came and told us that the waitress for that table was
“ ,
still needsimproving he notes. But thisnewdevicemaybeuseful moved to tears when she heard about this
,” “ !
for backuppower Yangsays. Itmightalsoprovideabitofenergy Soon after we left feeling excited energized and grateful
,” “ , — ,
topeople livinginareasthat lackelectricity. to get an opportunity to spread smiles. It is hard to explain how it
”
The device could help power remote weather stations or felt at that moment but it definitely felt special not because I
“ , —
other environmentaldevices saysAaswathRaman a materials was helping someone but because I felt connected to various
,” , “ ” ,
scientist who worked on the device at the University of people whomIdidntevenknow thewaitressesandthefamily.It
—
California Los Angeles. Whats more this may be useful in also in some form melted me to see how people respond to
, , , , ,
areas that dont see sunlight for months at a time Raman adds. generosity which has become so rare in todays commercial
, ,
1.How is the device designed lifestyle. I felt like something inside me changed.
?
A.It includes two aluminum plates with different functions. I dont know what happened next how the family felt and
,
B.It is equipped with a heat⁃resistant generator in the center. reactedorhowthewaitressesexperiencedthesituation butIam
,
C.Its two aluminum platesareexposedtoairtokeepheatout. sure it brought a few smiles to a few people.
D.Its generatorissealedbyatransparentcovertoremaincool. 1.Why did my friend and I decide to pay for someone else
2.What is the limitation of the tested device anonymously
? ?
A.It wont be expanded to be much larger. A.Because we had a lot of money.
B.It fails to produce electricity fast enough. B.Because we wanted other people to pay for us in return.
C.It is unable to power small electric lamps. C.Because we made up our mind to show kindness to others.
D.It produces a limited amount of electricity. D.Because we felt it was necessary to help others.
3.In Paragraph Yuan Yang mainly intends to . 2.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE
6, ?
A.evaluate the device on a positive basis A.The waitress was as excited as us after hearing our idea of
B.point out the problems with the device paying for others anonymously.
3 70 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
B.I was certain that the small act of kindness brought a few D.I felt the inner part of myself changed
smiles to a few people. 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
?
C.The idea occurred to my friend and me when we had an A.Pay for Others
evening snack at a restaurant. B.A Small Act of Kindness
D.The family whose meal we paid for was moved to tears. C.Connections Made through a Random Act
3.After we paid for the family I had the following special D.Bring a Few Smiles to a Few People
,
feelings except that . 答案
A.I felt I was a great person and I was helping someone 1.C
B.I felt associated with diverse strangers 2.D
C.I felt it was a rare chance to see generosity in todays 3.A
commercial lifestyle 4.C
B 组 综合应用题组 学生用书P180
Passage1(2021四川成都高新区二次质检,B) 2.What do we know about Sarah
?
Sarah Moorerushedhertwo⁃year⁃olddaughterLacieMoore A.She injured her daughter at home.
to hospital after she was hurt. The worried mum from B.She was punished for breaking traffic rules.
Morecambe Lancashire left her car on a double yellow line C.She thought she would pay a parking fine.
, ,
outsidetheLancasterhospitalandracedinsidewithherdaughter. D.No one noticed her when she parked her car.
When Sarah returned to her car rather than finding a parking 3.Who wrote the note for Sarah
, ?
ticket she surprisedly discovered a hand⁃written note saying A.Passers⁃by. B.Traffic wardens.
, ,
that they had sweet⁃talked the traffic warden 交通管理员 C.Doctors in A&E. D.Ambulance staff.
“ ” ( )
into not giving her a ticket. 4.What can be the best title for this text
?
They didnthavetodothat itmadethingsaloteasier A.A Sweet Surprise
“ — ,”
thegratefulmumsaid. Iwasfullyexpectingtocomeoutofthe B.A Lucky Mother
“
hospital and to have a parking ticket and I had come to terms C.A Generous Warden
,
with that. D.A Thoughtful Parking Ticket
”
The dramatic evening began on the evening of July when 答案
2
Lacie split her head open on the hinge 铰链 of a door. Lacie 1.B
( )
rippedonthecarpetandhitthehinge. WhenSarahpickedherup 2.C
there was blood everywhere. It terrified Sarah who quickly 3.D
,
switched to action mode. There was no time to call for an 4.A
ambulance soSarahjustputherinthecarandgothertherein Passage2 2021河南九师联盟4月联考,D)
15 (
minutes. It was scary.
Most ofushavesomethingaboutusthatwerenot % in
100
When shearrivedatthehospitalSarahignoredthewarnings
love with suchasanimpulsivestreakorashorttemper. Whatif
,
of ambulance staff about potential traffic wardens and raced
those personalitytraits 个性特征 couldbe improvedwithdaily
( )
inside. The note she found on her car when she returned made
use of a smartphone app That was the focus of a new study
?
sure a difficult day was made just a little bit easier. It read
from an international research team led by the University of
:
Good afternoon we noticed you left your car here as you
Zurich.
“ ,
rushedyourchildintoA&E. Wetriedtowarnyouaboutgetting
Personality traits predict several important aspects of life
(
“
a ticket. We spoke with the traffic warden and told him about
) such as success at work health and even a long life says first
, ,”
your situationandmanagedtosweet⁃talkhimintolettingyouoff
author Mirjam Stieger PhD of Brandeis University in
, ,
under the circumstances. He wanted us to let you know that you
Waltham Massachusetts. Sowe wantedtotestwhetherpeople
can leaveitintheambulancebayacrosstheroad. Wehopeyour , “
can actively shape their personality traits with the help of a
little one is okay. Kindest regards.
” digital intervention 干预 within a relatively short period of
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword sweet⁃talked inParagraph mean ( )
“ ” 1 ? time.
A.Trick somebody with some sweets. ”
Around participants were provided with a specially
B.Persuade somebody in a pleasant way. 1,500
developed smartphone app called PEACH for three months. On
C.Confuse somebody with sweet words.
the app avirtualcompanioncommunicatedwiththeparticipants
D.Convince somebody with solid evidence. ,
daily and provided support to help them make the changes they
desired. And participants were divided into two groups an
—
专题十 主旨要义 3 71
intervention group and a waitlist control group. Participants in that can thensignalemotions Asada reportedonFebruary at
, 15
the waitlist control group selected and indicated their change the annual meeting of the American Association for the
goalsbeforeaone⁃monthwaitingperiod andthentheyreceived Advancement ofScience. Thisartificial painnervoussystem
, “ ”,
the same three⁃month intervention as the intervention group. asAsadacallsit maybeasmallbuildingblockforamachinethat
,
The researchers found that participants in the waitlist could ultimatelyexperiencepain.Suchafeelingmightalsoallowa
control group didnt change their personality traits during the robot to sympathize with a human companions suffering.
“ ”
one⁃month waiting period but participants who received the Asada anengineeratOsakaUniversity andhiscolleagues
, , ,
intervention reported changes in the desired direction. We also have designed touch sensors that reliably pick up a range of
“
found that friends and family members were able to detect touches. In a robot system named Affetto a realistic⁃looking
,
personality changes Stieger says. Another surprising finding childs head these touch and pain signals can be converted to
,” “ ,
was that most participants were able to maintain 维持 their emotional facial expressions.
( )
personality trait changes until three months after the end of the A touch⁃sensitive soft material as opposed to a rigid
, ,
intervention. metal surface allows richer interactions between a machine and
” ,
While apps could be used to promote personality change the world says neuroscientist Kingson Man of the University of
, ,
mental health expert Karen Peters warns its important to Southern California. Artificial skin allows the possibility of
, “
remembertheyarethereforsupportandnotasasubstituteforan engagement in truly intelligent ways .
”
individuals change. The use of an app itself isnt going to Such a system Asada says might ultimately lead to robots
“ , ,
influencechange changeisinfluencedbyinternalmotivation that can recognize the pain of others a valuable skill for robots
— ,” ,
she says. Thenewstudydemonstratesthispointbydetermining designed to help care for peopleinneed theelderly forinstance.
“ , ,
that change outcomes were in agreement with the individuals But there is an important distinction between a robot that
desire to change. responds in a predictable way to a painful strike and a robot
”
1.Why does the author ask the question in Paragraph thats able to compute an internal feeling accurately says
1? ,
A.To put forward a problem. Damasio a neuroscientist also at the University of Southern
,
B.To recommend a method. California. Arobotwithsensorswhichcandetecttouchandpain
C.To lead in the recent study. is along the lines of having a robot for example that smiles
“ , ,
D.To come up with a new concept. when you talk to it Damasio says. Its a device for
,” “
2.What were participants asked to do in the new study communication of the machine to a human. While thats an
? ”
A.Set their change goals. B.Detect others changes. interesting development its not the same thing as a robot
, “ ”
C.Help their companions. D.Get rid of daily apps. designed to compute some sort of internal experience he says.
,
3.What is the finding of the new study 1.What do we know about the pain nervous system
? “ ”?
A.Most of the participants personalities were unstable. A.It is named Affetto by scientists.
B.Digital intervention made no difference to personalities. B.It is a set of complicated sensors.
C.The use of an app alone could shape personality traits. C.It is able to signal different emotions.
D.The participants personality changes were noticeable. D.It combines sensors and artificial skin.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text 2.What does the underlined word converted in Paragraph
? “ ” 3
A.Are Your Personality Traits Out of Control probably mean
? ?
B.Are You in Love with Your Personality Traits A.Delivered. B.Translated. C.Attached. D.Adapted.
?
C.Can a Smartphone App Change Your Personality 3.What does Damasio consider as an interesting development
? ?
D.Can Digital Intervention Determine Personal Desire A.Robots can smile when talked to.
?
答案 B.Robots can talk to human beings.
1.C C.Robots can compute internal feelings.
2.A D.Robots can detect pains and respond accordingly.
3.D 4.What can be the best title of the text
?
4.C A.Machines Become Emotional
Passage3(2021四川成都二次诊断,C) B.Robots Inch to Feeling Pain
Arobotwithasenseoftouchmayoneday feel pain both C.Human Feelings Can Be Felt
“ ” ,
its own physical pain and sympathy for the pain of its human D.New Devices Touch Your Heart
companions. Such touchy⁃feely robots are still far⁃off but 答案
,
advances in robotic touch⁃sensing are bringing that possibility 1.D
closer to reality. 2.B
Sensors set in soft artificial skin that can detect both a 3.D
,
gentle touch andapainfulstrike havebeenhookeduptoa robot 4.B
3 72 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
Passage4(2021宁夏银川4月质检,D) 3.Why is John Sauven mentioned in the last paragraph
?
Now many countries work towards a carbon⁃neutral future A.To predict the future of Britains energy.
,
hoping toachievetherealgreengrowthandchange. The current B.To get people to support the government.
UK government had originally set out plans to become carbon⁃ C.To think highly of the use of wind energy.
zero by .And in a new announcement regarding the UKs D.To comment on the new announcement.
2050
green economic recovery the Prime Minister has committed to 4.What might be the best title for the text
, ?
accelerating offshore wind by . A.Britain hopes to power homes by wind farms by .
2030 2030
In a recent speech Britains Prime Minister Boris Johnson B.Britain takes the lead in using sustainable new energy.
,
announced that the government will invest in clean energy C.Britain calls on the world to accelerate offshore energy.
,
promising that £ m will be dedicated to building wind D.Britain is expected to mainly use wind energy by .
160 2030
turbines 涡轮机 tohelpthecountry buildbackgreener . Itll 答案
( ) “ ”
create jobsinconstruction andsupport more by 1.B
2,000 , 60,000 ,
upgradingportsandfactoriestobuildtheturbines. Heannounced 2.C
that we believe that in years time offshore wind will be 3.D
“ 10
powering every home in the country. 4.A
”
In Boris Johnsons speech he said the UK would become Passage5(2020广西玉林第一次适应性考试,B)
,
the world leader in clean wind energy and perhaps also in its One of the mostimportantthingsthathave happenedtome
“ ”
furthergreenrecoveryplans. Attentionhasbeenpaidtowind as occurred long beforeIwasaware ofit. Asthestorygoes Iwas
, ,
it is a limitless resource on the island that is Britain. Plans three daysoldandMomwassinging TheNameGame songto
“ ”
included employing new floating offshore technology where me Christine⁃Bo⁃Bean⁃Banana⁃Fanna⁃Fo⁃Feen. By day four
, :“ ” ,
large farms could be placed further out to sea. I wasgivena newname Christine⁃Bo⁃Bean orjustBo⁃Bee to
— ,
Before this announcement climate activists and my mother. Now I am Bo to her and close friends.
,
organizations have been urging world governments to include Why is this nickname 昵称 so important to me I once
( ) ?
climate change concerns in their economic recoveries. read a book with a passage about True Names which explains
Organizations such as the International Energy Agency worked thatwhenapersonstruenameisspoken shehasadistinctaura
,
out a sustainable energy plan that provided a blueprint on how 光环 around her. Although I have been Bo to my mother all
( )
governments could encourage economic growth with climate my life I recently discovered that my true name is not on my
,
change in mind by moving towards areas such as clean energy birth certificate its the name that is as unique and memorable
, ;
and creating jobs within this area. In the UKs economic as I am.
recovery plan the government rolled out a scheme which People usuallyknowmeasChristine. Theystillseemeasa
,
allowed home owners to access a grant that would enable them quiet bookishchild. TheydontknowwhoIam now. Mymost
,
to upgrade their homes with energy⁃saving improvements. recent hopes fears goals dreams and opinions escape their
, , ,
Reported in The Guardian executive director of the notice it is easier to think of me as I was. In their minds they
, ; ,
environmental NGO Greenpeace UK John Sauven said If have a box labeled Christine in which I fit neatly and as
, , :“ “ ” ,
carried through the commitment would help strengthen the Christine I was content with the perfect packaging.
, ,
UKs global leadership in this key technology. We now need to Those who call me Bo or Bo⁃Bee really know me. They
see the Prime Ministers newly⁃found enthusiasm is followed remember who I was and realize I have changed. Bo is a tight
through byknockingdownallthebarriersthattheoffshorewind squeeze in the old Christine boxes. The Bo I am is ever⁃
“ ”
industry faces in delivering its ambition. changing ever⁃growing and ever⁃learning.
” ,
1.What is the benefit of building the turbines besides providing When I was Christine I was quiet and easily scared. I
, ,
the new energy feared groups meeting new people and sharing my opinions. I
? ,
A.Developing the technology. was more comfortable with a book than with my best friend. As
Christine I thought everyone was better than I was.
B.Having more people employed.
,
As Bo I still love my books but I want to discuss them.
C.Getting many large farms built.
, ,
As Bo my dream is to live where I can experience new things
D.Making all homes powered cleanly.
,
and meet new people. I dream about being alone on a stage lit
2. What measure does Britain take when carrying out its
by a single spotlight I have that confidence now. I am equal to
economic recovery plan
;
?
those I once saw as better than me.
A.Cooperate with other foreign governments.
A name shouldnt make such a difference but sometimes
B.Build a blueprint on fighting climate change.
, ,
when a person finds his or her True Name they develop a new
C.Encourage the use of energy⁃saving equipment.
,
shine visible to friends family and especially themselves.
D.Seek the support of the international organizations.
,
I cant always be Bo. Sometimes exposing myself is still
专题十 主旨要义 3 73
scary and I feel too nervous I want to hide in those old boxes. give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change
;
Mostly however I am ready for the world. So just call causes more droughts they said this would be important
, , , ,
me Bo. information for farmers. The sounds that drought⁃stressed
“
1.When was the author given a nickname plants make could be used in precision agriculture 精准农
? (
A.When she was three years old. 业 saidAnne VisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens Kew
),” , ,
B.On the fourth day after she was born. in the UK.
C.Seven days after she was born. Khaits report also suggests that insects and mammals can
D.When she received the old Christine box. hear thesoundupto metersawayandrespond. Forexample a
“ ” 5 ,
2.What kind of person was the author in the past moth 蛾子 may decide not to lay eggs on a water⁃stressed
? ( )
A.She showed no interest in reading. plant. Edward Farmer at the University of Lausanne
, ,
B.She took pleasure in finding new things. Switzerland isdoubtful. Hesaidthattheideaofmothslistening
,
C.She loved reading and sharing books with friends. to plants is a little too speculative .
“ ”
D.She lacked confidence and preferred to be alone. If plantsarescreamingforfearoftheirsurvival shouldwe
,
3.What can be a suitable title for the text be thankful we cant hear them
? ?
A.Bo the True Name 1.What did Khait and his team find from their research
— ?
B.A Unique Name A.Plants made low⁃pitched sounds when in danger.
C.Remember the Past B.Plants were able to produce sounds in response to stresses.
D.The Meaning of Nickname C.Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.
答案 D.Plants madeultrasonicnoisestocommunicatewitheachother.
1.B 2.How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses
2.D according to the text
?
3.A A.A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.
Passage6(2020河南六市一联,C) B.Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than
Weve knownforyearsthatplantscansee hear smelland water⁃hungry ones.
, ,
communicate with chemicals. Now reported in New Scientist C.Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than
, ,
they have been recorded making sounds when stressed. drought⁃stressed ones.
In ayet⁃to⁃be⁃publishedstudy ItzhakKhaitandhisteamat D.Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato
,
Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants when short of water.
, ,
plants can make ultrasonic 超声的 noises. The plants cry 3.Whats the main idea of Paragraph
( ) “ 6?
out due tolackofwater orwhentheirstems 茎 arecut. Its A.The potential applications of the research.
” , ( )
just too high⁃pitched 音调高的 for humans to hear. B.Challenges faced by farmers in the future.
( )
Microphones placed centimeters away from the plants C.Farmers contributions to the research.
10
picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of to kilohertz D.What the future agriculture will be like.
20 100
千赫兹 . Human hearing usually ranges from hertz to 4.The underlined word speculative in the second⁃to⁃last
( ) 20 20 “ ”
kilohertz. These findings can alter the way we think about the paragraph has the closest meaning to .
“ “ ”
plant kingdom they wrote. A.practical
,”
On average thirsty tomato plants made sounds an B.unsuspected
, “ ” 35
hour while tobacco plants made . When plant stems were C.unsupported
, 11
cut tomato plants made an average of sounds in the D.complicated
, 25
following hour and tobacco plants . Unstressed plants 答案
, 15
produced fewer than one sound per hour on average. 1.B
,
Perhaps most interestingly different types of stress led to 2.C
,
different sounds. The researchers trained a machine⁃learning 3.A
model to separate the plants sounds from those of the wind 4.C
,
rain and other noises of the greenhouse. In most cases it Passage7(2020黑龙江大庆实验中学复学考试,C)
,
correctly identifiedwhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessora Have you ever felt so tired after staying up for a night that
cut basedonthesoundsintensityandfrequency. Water⁃hungry even coffeedoesntgiveyoutheenergythatyouneed Youmay
, ?
tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco for have an energy drink but the benefits of drinking one are
, ,
example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at heavily outweighed by the risks.
tomato and tobacco plants they think other plants also make In the past years more and more studies have found the
, ,
sounds when stressed. deadly effects of energy drinks on our bodies. The sugar
,
If farmerscouldhearthesounds saidtheteam theycould caffeine and energy supplements 添加物 in energy drinks
, , ( )
3 74 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
make up a deadly mixture of ingredients that can affect your Passage8(2019贵州凯里一中期末,D)
heart function and send you to the hospital Getting too much sleep has been linked to a greater risk of
!
A study by the University of Bonn Germany found that disease and death according to a study published Wednesday.
, ,
frequent consumption of energy drinks can greatly change the Sleeping just two hours more than the recommended six to
way our heart functions. The study went on to say that eight hoursa nightwasassociatedwithanincrease intheriskof
consuming energy drinks often causes significantly increased strokes or heart failure by up to percent according to the
41 ,
heart contractions in adults which has the potential of putting researchers whose paper appears in the European Heart
, ,
you at risk of irregular heartbeats. Journal.
It is possible that many people are unconscious of the The team led by Chuangshi Wang a Ph.D. student at
, ,
alarming side effects of energy drinks because of the way they McMaster and Peking Union Medical College in China also
,
are labeled. Most energy drinks contain between milligrams found that some daytime nappers were at risk. Daytime
80 “
to over milligrams of caffeine sugar and energy napping was associated with increased risks of major
350 ,
supplements. When an energy drink is marketed as a diet cardiovascular 心血管的 eventsanddeathsinthosewithmore
( )
supplement it may be distributed without a nutrition facts than six hours of nighttime sleep but not in those sleeping less
, “ ”
label whichwouldshowtheharmfulsupplementsthatareinthe than hoursa night Wangsaid. Butinthose whounderslept
, 6 ,” ,
drink. However even if energy drinks are Food and Drug a daytime nap seemed to compensate for the lack of sleep at
, “
Administration FDA approved they dont have to show the night and to reduce the risks.
( ) , ”
number of supplements. A possible reason for the rising risk could be that people
Energy drinks may be widely available but they arent the already haveunderlyingconditionsthatarecausingthemtosleep
healthiest or safest choice for your body. To stay naturally longer and could in turn raise the risk of cardiovascular
— , ,
energized get organized and stay on top of your work so that diseases or mortality 死亡率 the authors of the study
, ( ),
youarenthavingtostayupallnighttocompleteassignedtasks. explained.
If youd like a natural energy boost you could make time for a The generalpublicshouldensurethattheygetaboutsixto
, “
short workout which will give you all of the energy you need eight hours of sleep a day. On the other hand if you sleep too
, ! ,
1.Which ofthe followingistheside effectofthe energydrinks much regularly say more than nine hours a day then you may
? , ,
A.Making people thinner. want to visit a doctor to check your overall health said
,”
B.Making peoples heart bigger. Professor Salim Yusuf one of the researchers.
,
C.Making people run a risk of falling ill. 1.How does the author tell us this opinion
?
D.Making people suffer from heart attacks. A.By using examples.
2.Why are many people unaware of the harmful effects of B.By asking questions.
energy drinks C.By making a comparison.
?
A.Because they dont read the label carefully. D.By showing research findings.
B.Because FDA thinks they are healthy drinks. 2.How long a night are people recommended to sleep
?
C.Because the harmful materials are not labeled. A.Six to eight hours.
D.Because factories of energy drinks lie to drinkers. B.Two hours.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly about C.More than nine hours.
?
A.The benefits of doing exercise. D.Less than six hours.
B.The better choice of right drinks. 3.Whats the meaning of the underlined word compensate for
“ ”
C.The way to have enough energy. in Paragraph
3?
D.The effects of energy drinks. A.Make use of. B.Bring up.
4.What is the best title for the text C.Make up for. D.Stand out.
?
A.Dont Drink Energy Drinks 4.Which is the best title for the passage
?
B.Many People Enjoy Energy Drinks A.Sleep More than Eight Hours a Night Study
:
C.The Materials Energy Drinks Contain B.Too Much Sleep May Be Bad for Your Health Study
:
D.Energy Drinks Could Send You to Hospital C.Sleep Less than Six Hours a Night Study
:
答案 D.Too Much Sleep May Cause Death Study
:
1.C 答案
2.C 1.D
3.C 2.A
4.D 3.C
4.B
专题十 主旨要义 3 75
C 组 教师专用题组
Passage 1 D.The speed of the temperature rise.
Astronauts on the International Space Station will soon test 4.What can be a suitable title for the text
?
a new oven for making chocolate chip cookies. A spaceship A.Cooking Equipment in Space Station
carrying the cooking equipment and other supplies was launched B.Cookies Coming from the International Space Station
on Saturday from the Wallops Flight Facility in the United C.Creative Ways Astronauts Make Food in Space Station
States.The shipment weighing kilograms reached the D. A New Oven to Be Tested to Make Cookies in
, 3,700 ,
space station on Monday. The goal is to explore the possibility Space Station
of making freshly baked cookies for space travelers. 答案
American company Nanoracks designed and built the oven [语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道 主题语境为人与社会
。 。
and helped with organizing the flight to the space station. Hilton 一艘载有新烤箱和其他物资的宇宙飞船星期六从美国的瓦
DoubleTree hotels supplied the cookie dough 生面团 the 勒普斯飞行基地发射升空 国际空间站的宇航员将很快测
( ) 。
astronauts will use. 试这种可以制作巧克力曲奇饼的新烤箱
。
In the past space station crews have created their own 1.A 细节理解题 本题题干意为 以下哪一项最能描述对
, 。 :
pizzas using a thin flat piece of bread known as flatbread. 新烤箱的测试 根据第四段 烤饼干是一个缓慢的过程
, ? ( 。
Astronauts have tried other creative ways to make food such as 烤箱一次只能加热一块饼干 测试可能需要数周时间 宇
, 。 ,
creating salads from vegetables grown in the space station. 航员才有机会品尝新鲜出炉的饼干 可知答案为 A项 耗
) (
Results have been mixed. 时的
)。
The cookie baking will be a slow process. The oven can 2.D 细节理解题 本题题干意为 这款新烤箱和俄国食物
。 :
heat just one cookie at a time. The test could take weeks before 加热器相比有什么优点 根据第 段第 句 这个烤箱
? 5 3、4 (
the astronauts have a chance to try out freshly baked cookies. 可以将食物加热到 摄氏度 那是美国和俄罗斯空间站
177 。
Five unbaked cookies have been in a space station freezer 上的食物加热器温度的两倍 可知 该烤箱可将食物加热到
) :
for several weeks. Each is in its own individual clear bag made 更高的温度 故答案为D项
。 。
out of silicone. The oven can heat foods to temperatures as high 3.C 细节理解题 本题题干意为 什么会使在新烤箱里的饼
。 :
as degreesCelsius. ThatistwicethetemperatureoftheU.S. 干外观不确定 根据最后一段第 句 没有地心引力 宇航
177 ? 2 ( ,
and Russian food warmers on the space station. The oven uses 员不知道饼干到底是什么样子 可知答案为 C项 缺少地
) (
electric heating elements. 心引力
)。
Mary Murphy is with Nanoracks. Murphy says she expects 4.D 主旨要义题 本题题干意为 本文的最佳题目是什么
。 : ?
a baking timeof to minutesforeachcookiewhentheoven 本文为新闻报道 根据新闻报道的特点 首段第 句往往
15 20 。 ( 1
isheatedtoabout degreesCelsius. Sheaddsthatthesmellof 是中心句 可知 文章谈论的话题是国际空间站的宇航员将
163 ) :
baking cookies should fill the space station each time a cookie 很快测试一种制作巧克力曲奇饼的新烤箱 故答案为
。
comes out of the oven. D项
。
The ovens first use will be the real test. Without the force 高级词块 .explore the possibility of 探索……的可能性
1
of gravity the astronauts do not know exactly how the cookie .try out测试,试验
, 2
will look. Threeofthespace⁃bakedcookiesaretobereturnedto Passage 2
Earth for testing. The term telecommuting refers to a workforce
“ ”
1.Which of the following can best describe the new oven test arrangement inwhichthereisnocentraloffice where employees
?
A.Time⁃consuming. B.Energy⁃saving. gather and work. Instead these employees work wherever they
,
C.Meaningless. D.Successful. can access the people and materials needed to complete their
2.Whats the advantage of the new oven over the Russian food projects and daily tasks. One of the most common locations for
warmer telecommuters to work is their own homes. However with
? ,
A.It heats up much faster. todays advanced technological equipment employees can work
,
B.Its more convenient to use. anywhere. Laptop computers and tablets allow for facile
C.It has a larger cooking space. mobility as do wireless Internet hot spots and even
, “ ”
D.It can heat up to a higher temperature. smartphones with high⁃speed Internet connectivity.
3.What will make the cookies appearance in the new oven More employers should consider the advantages of a
uncertain telecommuting arrangement. It allows employers to hire people
?
A.The baking time. whootherwisewouldnotbeavailable. Thisincludesparentswith
B.The heating method. small children the physically disabled and people living far
, ,
C.The absence of gravity. from urban centers. Plus it allows for a more globalized
,
3 76 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
business since the company can employ people in all parts of 天的雇主们作出远程办公的选择
, 。
the world regardless of locations or time zones. According to a 1.B 推理判断题 本题题干意为 以下哪一项最好地描述
, 。 :
recent poll approximately one in five workers telecommutes 作者对远程办公的态度 根据文章最后一段最后一句作者
, ?
frequently and nearly percent never set foot in a traditional 对远程办公所得出的结论 显然 今天的雇主不应该忽视远
, 10 ( ,
office. 程办公的选择 可知作者对远程办公的态度是支持的 故
) 。
Still some barriers do exist to more employers adopting a 答案为B项 极感兴趣的
, ( )。
telecommuting work model. Liability insurance and workers 2.C 主旨要义题 本题题干意为 第二段的主题是什么
。 : ?
compensation in case of accidents can become serious issues 由第二段第一句 本段的主题句 及后面的支撑句可知本
, ( )
and all other applicable laws and regulations must be fully 题答案为C项 远程办公有许多好处
( )。
investigated. In addition the long⁃established way to manage 3.D 推理判断题 本题题干意为 作者为什么写这篇文章
, 。 : ?
employees has been to observe workers first⁃hand. Therefore 根据文章第二段和最后一段可推知作者写此文章的目的是
,
many companies do not allow full⁃time telecommuting for fear 宣传远程办公的好处 故答案为 D项 A 描述远程办公
。 。 :
of a drop in productivity levels. 者使用的技术术语 B 批评那些不允许远程办公的公司的
; :
However most studies find that frequent face⁃to⁃face
贪婪 C 解释一些公司不允许远程办公的原因
,
; : 。
interactions through video⁃conferencing as well as allowing for
4.A 细节理解题 本题题干意为 下列哪一项陈述了作者
,
。 :
periods of adjustment to the new work system are often all that
的观点 根据文章第三段中 Liability insurance and...all
,
? “
is needed to overcome any obstacles. The advantages of
other applicable laws and regulations must be fully
telecommuting even two or three days a week far outweigh
— — investigated. 事故发生时的责任保险和工人赔偿会成为
any possible disadvantages and most of the employers ”(
, 严重的问题 所有其他适用的法律和法规必须被充分调查
concerns about telecommuting are unfounded. They are simply , )
可知答案为A项 考虑远程办公的公司应该检查法律问题
based on ignorance of new hi⁃tech breakthroughs or on fear of (
和工会规定 B 在试图采用远程办公的组织中没有严重
change to the traditional workforce environment. Clearly )。 :
, 的障碍 C 为了普及远程办公 所有的公司都必须采用视
employers today should not overlook the option of ; : ,
频会议 D 每周远程办公的时间不应该少于三天
telecommuting. ; : 。
高级词块 .access v. 使用,进入 .allow for 考虑到,
1.Which of the following best describes the authors attitude 1 2
顾及
toward telecommuting
? Passage 3
A.Afraid. B.Enthusiastic.
I met David in Oslo in December of in the awarding
C.Disapproving. D.Indifferent. 2011,
of the Nobel Peace Prize which was given jointly that year to
2.What is the main point of the second paragraph ,
? Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Leymah Gbowee and
A.Virtual offices are not limited to the home. ,
Tawakkol Karman of Yemen for their non⁃violent struggle for
B.Telecommuting reduces rent and electricity costs. “
the safety of women and for womens rights .
C.Telecommuting has numerous benefits. ”
I was accompanying Johnson Sirleaf as her long⁃time
D.Living far from urban centers is no longer a problem.
advisor. David was the special representative for the Financial
3.Why did the author write the passage
? Times for the Middle East and Africa. Soon we became good
A.To describe the technical terms used by telecommuters.
friends and partners in many projects. David and I shared
B.To criticize the greed of companies that do not allow
solicitude for Africa where he found inspiration on the
telecommuting.
,
continent when he first visited in the early s so much
C.To explain the reasons why some companies do not permit
1990 —“
hope and potential he would tell me. He chose to travel light.
telecommuting.
,”
In that way there would be no limit when he suddenly decided
D.To praise the advantages of telecommuting.
,
4.Which of the following states the authors opinion to take a field trip to a village in Sierra Leone to arrange for
?
A.Companies considering telecommuting should check on seven children to travel to France for surgery.
legal issues and union rules. Then David introduced me to his mother Janet a
, ,
B.There are no serious barriers in organizations attempting to Holocaust 大屠杀 survivor from Nowy Targ Poland. Janet
( ) , ,
adopt telecommuting. admired his son so much. But I knew well that the pride David
C.Tomaketelecommutingcommon allcompaniesmustadopt created for her came with a self⁃added burden to make her
, —
video⁃conferencing. worthy suffering and sacrifice. This was because my
D.Telecommuting should not be allowed for fewer than three grandmother Manja Pakter Kroner was a survivor of Berlin
, ,
days a week. Holocaust and I too lived to make her proud.
,
答案 In after two dozen publishers had turned down my
2014,
[语篇解读] 这是一篇议论文 主题语境为人与社会 作 book David agreed to take it on with his one⁃man publishing
。 。 , ,
者论证了远程办公的好处 明确阐述了自己的观点 建议今 house Kiwai Media and his good friend play writer John
, , , , ,
专题十 主旨要义 3 77
Strand as my editor. The book Choosing the Hero My 本文主要介绍了作者和已故好友 David 相识 相知的过程
, , : 、
Improbable Journey and the Rise of Africas First Woman 以及David对自己的帮助和影响 抒发了作者对好友的怀
,
President was released in May and earned high praise. 念之情 故A Respectable Close Friend是本文的最佳标题
2016 。 。
In David moved back to his native New Jersey 故答案为D项
2019, , 。
wherehepassedawaywhileshootingbasketswithhiseldestson. 高级词块 .travel light 轻装旅行 .turn down 拒绝(
1 2 =
We lost him much too soon but I take comfort in knowing that refuse) .take comfort in对……感到宽慰
, 3
his spirit will last forever. Passage 4
1. Which has the closest meaning to the underlined word
A local grocery store here has been remodelled and not a
solicitude in Paragraph
single oneofthechangesisgoodforthoseofuswhoshopthere.
“ ” 2?
A.Concern. B.Talent.
The grocery aisles 通道 have been rearranged with some
( )
C.Comment. D.Expectation.
going in one direction and others going in another. The aisles
2.What does the author have in common with David
? have been pushed closer together making it harder to get
,
A.They liked travelling around the world.
through them. It seems like all of these changes have been for
B.They tried to make their families proud.
the purpose of slowing the shoppers down so they will make
C.They were famous writers in their time.
more impulse 冲动 buys. As I walked through the store
D.They contributed much to womens rights. ( )
today no one was smiling and everyone was unhappy about it.
3.What do we know about the book Choosing the Hero ,
“ ”? The change that bothered me the most however was in
A.It won the Nobel Literature Prize. , ,
the checkout aisles. Only a few cashiers were left working with
B.It gained publishers welcome.
huge sections changed into self⁃scanning checkouts. It saddened
C.It was really highly spoken of.
me to see this. I knew that people were probably going to lose
D.It was published easily at first.
their jobs because of this change. I got in a cashier aisle and
4.What is the best title for the text
? patiently waited while I saw some other people struggling to
A.A Precious Gift to the World
figure out how the self⁃scanning machines worked. I swore at
B.A Significant Life Journey
that momentnevertouseonemyselfevenifIhadtowaitlonger
C.A Remarkable Book Review
every time I shopped there.
D.A Respectable Close Friend
When I finally arrived at the front of the aisle I saw the
答案 ,
cashier was someone I knew. I greeted her with a smile. She
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文 主题语境为人与社会
。 。 smiled backwithwarmthandkindnessthattouchedmysoul. We
文章主要介绍了作者和已故好友David相识 相知的过程以
、 chattedhappilywhileshescannedandbaggedupmygroceries. I
及David 对自己的帮助和影响 抒发了作者对好友的怀念
, felt a friendship and a connection with her that warmed my
之情
。 heart. I wished her well before I left.
1.A 猜测词义题 本题题干意为 哪一项与第二段画线词
。 : Machines can do a lot for us but there are many things
solicitude 意义最接近 根据第二段中 DavidandIshared ,
“ ” ? “ they cant do. They cant smile or love. Only we can do that. It
solicitude for Africa where he found inspiration on the
, is time that we should realize that profits arent more important
continent when he first visited in the early s so much
1990 —‘ than people and that machines arent more important than us. It
hope and potential he would tell me. 以及本段最后一句
,’ ”
is timethatweshouldlearnthatlovingeachotherandthisworld
可推断 答案为A项 关心
, ( )。
is what life is all about.
2.B 细节理解题 本题题干意为 作者与David有什么共同
。 :
1.What may account for the stores changes
之处 根据第三段中 Janet admired his son so much. But I
?
? “
A.To make more profits.
knew well that the pride David created for her came with a
B.To satisfy the shoppers.
self⁃addedburden tomakeherworthysufferingandsacrifice.
—
Thiswasbecausemygrandmother ManjaPakterKroner was C.To offer more products.
, ,
a survivor of Berlin Holocaust and I too lived to make her D.To make shopping easier.
,
proud. 可知 作者和David都努力让他们的家人感到骄傲 2. Whats the result of the use of self⁃scanning machines
” , 。
故答案为B项 according to the author
。 ?
3.C 细节理解题 本题题干意为 关于 Choosing the Hero A.It will attract more customers.
。 : “ ”
那本书我们知道什么 根据第四段中 The book Choosing B.It has reduced the cashiers burden.
? “ ,
the Hero My Improbable Journey and the Rise of Africas C.It has brought shoppers more convenience.
:
First Woman President was released in May and earned D.It will make many people unemployed.
2016
high praise. 可知 Choosing the Hero这本书受到了高度评 3.How did the author feel when he met the cashier
” , ?
价 故答案为C项 A.Calm. B.Glad.
, 。
4.D 主旨要义题 本题题干意为 本文的最佳题目是什么 C.Angry. D.Surprised.
。 : ?
3 78 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
4.Whats the best title for the text bruising.
? ”
A.Machines or Us Introducing robots in an industry where almost everything
?
B.Why Use Machines gets done by hand is more of a revolution than an evolution. It
?
C.Are Changes Necessary calls for close cooperation with all stakeholders 利益相关者 .
? ( )
D.How Does the World Change Tom Coensays Notonlyhavewebeenworkingtogetherwith
? :“
答案 growers and test centers across the world for the past couple of
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 主题语境为人与社会 作者 years but breeders have also been keen on being part of the
。 。 ,
在改造后的商店购物时感到商店里无人化的机器操作让生 technological developments.
”
活缺少温暖和爱 呼吁人们要认识到人比机器更重要 In a team of Belgian engineers started the
, 。 2014
1.A 推理判断题 本题题干意为 可能是什么导致了商店 developmentoftherobot. Inthemeanwhile Octinionwasntthe
。 : ,
的改变 根据第一段中的 It seems like all of these changes only company presenting a concept. Product Manager Laura
? “
have been for the purpose of slowing the shoppers down so Guillaume saysitsnotasurprisethatthecompanyfromLeuven
they will make more impulse buys. 以及最后一段的 It is is the first to actually present a commercial product by
” “ : “
developing therobotfrom the beginning we are abletomakeit
time that we should realize that profits arent more important
,
practical in greenhouses or tunnels. Octinion plans on
than people 可推知 商家此举是为了获得更多的利润 故
”
” , ,
launching harvesting robots for other crops in the upcoming
答案为A项
。
years.
2.D 细节理解题 本题题干意为 作者认为使用自动扫码
。 :
1.What can we know about the robot
机的结果是什么 根据第二段中的 Iknewthatpeoplewere ?
? “
A.It can help solve the problem of labor shortage.
probably going to lose their jobs because of this change. 可
” B.It makes little difference to the quality of the fruits.
知 作者认为商店使用自动扫码机会让很多人失业 故答
: 。 C. It is developed by a group of Belgian engineers
案为D项
。 independently.
3.B 推理判断题 本题题干意为 当作者遇见收银员时 他
。 : , D.It has been put into use around the globe.
有什么感觉 根据第三段内容可知 作者在有收银员的队
? : 2.What is Paragraph mainly about
伍排队结账 到结账时发现收银员是熟人 因此他们微笑着 2 ?
, , A.The good news of the robotic picking.
打招呼 边结账边聊天 作者觉得很高兴 故答案为B项
, , 。 。 B.The advantages of the robotic picking.
4.A 主旨要义题 本题题干意为 本文的最佳题目是什么
。 : ? C.How the robotic picking works.
通读文章可知 本文主要讲述商店里无人化的机器操作让
, D.Different attitudes to the robotic picking.
生活缺少温暖和爱 作者在结账时对自动扫码机的反感和
。 3.What can we infer from the last paragraph
与收银员的交流形成了对比 并在最后一段进一步阐述机 ?
, A.The robot was introduced to the market in .
器的缺点 呼吁人们应该认识到人比机器更重要 故答案 2014
, 。 B.Octinionistheonlycompanyputtingforwardtheideaofthe
为A项
。 robot.
高级词块 .slow sb. down 使某人放慢脚步 .make
1 2 C.The robot can be used in any situation.
impulse buys冲动购物
D.Various harvesting robots are on the way.
Passage 5
4.What can be the best title for the text
A robot navigates through the strawberries detecting ripe ?
, A.How robots pick strawberries.
ones picking without bruising and placing them in its basket. It
B.Fruits will be picked by robots.
,
sounds futuristic but it is possible now thanks to Rubion the
C.Strawberry⁃picking robots are presented.
,
strawberry⁃picking robot. ThispieceofBelgianinnovationisnot
D.A new robot was invented.
only ananswertothelaborshortage intheagriculturalindustry 答案
,
but also allows growers to increase the quality of its produce [语篇解读] 本文为说明文 主题语境为人与社会 本文
— 。 。
which in the end benefits the consumer. 介绍了一款可以采摘草莓的机器人
。
Demographic 人口结构的 and socio⁃economic numbers 1.A 细节理解题 本题题干意为 有关这台机器人 我们可
( ) 。 : ,
show thatthelaborshortageintheagriculturalindustryisa fact. 以知道什么 根据第 段第 句 This piece of Belgian
? 1 3 “
But for Octinion the focus is clearly on adding quality. Thanks innovation is not only an answer to the labor shortage in the
“
to robotics we have so many possibilities much more than a agricultural industry but also... 比利时的这一创新不仅解
, , , ”(
human could ever do. Harvest prediction picking according to 决了农业劳动力短缺的问题 而且 可知答案为 A 项
, , ……)
market needs simply picking when the berries are ripe instead 它有助于解决劳动力短缺问题
, ( )。
of whenworkersare available thesearejusta fewexamplesof 2.B 主旨要义题 本题题干意为 第 段主要讲的是什么
— 。 : 2 ?
what is possible now for a grower says Tom Coen CEO of 根据第 段Octinion技术集团的首席执行官汤姆 科恩所
,” , 2 ·
the OctinionTechnologyGroup. Theconsumerwillalsonotice 说的话 例如 可以预测收成 根据市场需求采摘 在草莓成
“ , : , ,
the difference as strawberries will be fresher and show less 熟时采摘 草莓会更新鲜 更少损伤等可知本段主要讲的是
, , 、
专题十 主旨要义 3 79
机器人采摘的优点 故答案为B项 2.What can benefit birds according to Herbert Stoddard
, 。 ?
3.D 推理判断题 本题题干意为 从最后一段我们可以推 A.Forest bushes.
。 :
断出什么 根据最后一段最后一句 Octinion 计划在未来 B.Fuel sources.
? (
几年推出其他农作物的收割机器人 可知答案为 D项 各 C.Pine forests.
) (
种收割机器人即将面世 D.Periodic burning.
)。
4.C 主旨要义题 本题题干意为 本文的最佳题目是什么 3.What is the purpose of prescribed fire
。 : ? ?
本文是围绕草莓采摘机器人面世这一主题展开的 故答案 A.To put out wildfires.
,
为C项 B.To keep the forest balance.
。
高级词块 .futuristic adj.未来派的 .labor shortage 劳 C.To remove tree and plant species.
1 2
动力短缺 D.To keep the fuel rich in the forest.
4.What might be the best title for the passage?
Passage6
A.One Match Can Start a Forest Fire
The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest
B.Where There Is Smoke There Is a Fire
fires believing that fires should be kept out of every type of
,
C.Not All Forest Fires Are Created Equal
forest. Many of us can recall Smokey the Bears famous
D.Why Not Keep the Forest Fire Burning
warning Remember only YOU can prevent forest fires .
: “ , ” 答案
However thatsnotalwaysthecase. Undertherightconditions
, , [语篇解读] 本文为说明文 主题语境为人与自然 主题语
and when conducted safely fire can create many environmental 。 ,
, 境内容为人与环境 文章介绍了不是所有的森林火灾都是
benefits as well as help prevent larger uncontrollable wildfires. 。
, 一样的
After a forest fire many wildlife species will move into 。
, 1.A 推理判断题 根据第一段中的 However thats not
recently burned areastofeedonthesenewlyavailablefoods.Some 。 ,
always the case. Under the right conditions and when
reptiles and amphibians such as the pine snake prefer forests ,
conducted safely fire can create many environmental benefits
frequently burned by fire. AsHerbertStoddardputit Oneofthe ,
,“ as well as help prevent larger uncontrollable wildfires.可知
most harmful things modern man has done to birds has been his , ,
作者提到了这个警告 是为了介绍文章的主题 故选A
attempt to exclude fire from fire⁃type pine forests. Within a few , 。 。
2.D 细节理解题 根据第二段中 Within a few years most
yearsmostforestsarechokedupwithbushes losetheirprairie⁃like 。
, forests choke up with bushes lose their prairie⁃like vegetation
vegetation and can no longer support birds dependent on periodic ,
andcannolongersupportbirdsdependentonperiodic burning
burning for their food supply and proper cover.
” for their food supply and proper cover.可知 Herbert Stoddard
If you are asked to picture the forest floor what do you ,
, 说 定期燃烧对鸟类有益 故选D
see Pine needles cones leaves branches might come to , 。 。
? , , , 3.B 推理判断题 根据第三段中的 In contrast prescribed
mind all sources of fuel. If these fuel sources build up without 。 ,
— fire can be used by forest professionals every couple of years
any type of removal the fuel load can lead to fires
, “ ” to keep forest fuels at an appropriate and manageable level.可
catastrophic to forests and people alike. In contrast prescribed
, 知 这样做是为了保持森林的平衡 故选B
fire can be used by forest professionals every couple of years to , 。 。
4.C 主旨要义题 根据第一段中的The public nowadays has
keep forest fuels at an appropriate and manageable level. They 。
a misunderstanding of forest fires believing that fires should
can also minimize the spread of pest insects and disease and ,
be kept out of every type of forest.和 fire can create many
remove unwanted tree and plant species. Plus they can create
, environmental benefits as well as help prevent larger
and maintain important wildlife habitats rich in grasses and ,
uncontrollable wildfires可知 应选C
, 。
promote the growth of trees wildflowers and other various
, Passage7
plants.
Loneliness is a widespread problem with complex roots.
Many organizations and agencies work to promote fire on There has been a quiet pandemic developing while most
the landscape when and where appropriate. Smokey Bear even peoples attention has been on COVID⁃ . The lockdown has
19
hasanupdatedwarning OnlyYoucanPreventWildfires as worsened a problem that has been spreading in many developed
:“ ”,
the Forest Service has over the last few decades developed nations for decades loneliness.
:
policies and procedures to include prescribed fire as a It isacomplexissuewhichcoversnotonlysociallives but
,
management tool as well as continuing their work to prevent the way you work and the way you vote. Noreena Hertz an
, ,
and fight wildfires. academic deals with the subject in an important new book
, ,
1.Why did the author mention Smokey the Bears warning The Lonely Century . Loneliness increases the risk of heart
? “ ”
A.To introduce the topic of the passage. disease strokes and dementia 痴呆症 . Those who say they
, ( )
B.To clarify a misunderstood concept. are lonely are likelier to be depressed five years later. In
C.To show the significance of fire prevention. addition lonely people can become more hostile towards others
,
D.To raise peoples awareness of forest protection. and more attracted to extremist politics.
3 80 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
Part of the problem stems from contemporary employment. 2.A 推理判断题 根据第三段第一句说孤独是一个复杂的
。
Globally two infiveofficeworkersfeellonelyatwork.Thisrises 问题以及后文说到孤独带来的不良后果可知 文中引用这
, ,
tothreeinfiveinBritain.Gig⁃economy 零工经济 jobscanleave 本书是为了说明孤独的严重性 故选A
( ) 。 。
people with insecure incomes and without the companionship of 3.D 细节理解题 从文中能明确找到 A Para B Para
。 ( 4)、 (
colleagues. The pandemic has made it more difficult to make and C Para 是孤独的趋势的原因 而根据第三段中的In
, 5)、 ( 6) ,
maintain friendships particularly for newemployees. addition lonely people can become more hostile towards
, ,
Ms. Hertz points her finger at other recent developments. others andmore attractedtoextremistpolitics.可知 被极端主
,
One ofthemissocialmedia. Theinternethasledtomuchcyber⁃ 义政治吸引是孤独的表现 而非原因 故选D
, 。 。
bullying although it has also been a source of companionship 4.C 主旨要义题 从本文结构来看 文章开篇提出 孤独
( 。 , “
during the lockdown . And people glued to their smartphones 是一个有着复杂根源的普遍问题 这一话题 随后介绍
) ” ,
spend less time interacting socially. 了孤独的表现 四 五 六三段分析了孤独的趋势的原
, 、 、
Some changes in behavior are caused by individual choice. 因 最后一段指出技术给人们提供了在家娱乐和工作的
,
Before the pandemic no one was stopped from going to church 方便 也让人走向孤独 综合全文 C 的表述最为贴切
, 。 , 。
or takingpartinsports. Theysimplypreferredtodootherthings. 故选 C
。
American fathers spend three times as much time with their Passage8
children as they did in the s. That is surely a welcome Emma Li spent almost three years on Chinas
1960 “996
development. schedule working from nine in the morning to nine in the
”:
So recreating a communal society may be difficult. When evening six days a week. I was deprived of all my personal
, “
the pandemic ends people may enjoy the chance to be with life saidshe. Usually shehadasmallwindowtoeat shower
, ,” , ,
their neighborsandcolleaguesforawhile. Butthetrendisclear. and go to bed but she sacrificed sleep to regain some personal
—
Technology means that people can get their entertainment at time. Often Li would stay up surfing the internet reading the
, ,
home and work there too. It is convenient but it also leads to news and watching online videos until well after midnight.
, ,
loneliness. What Li was doing is revenge bedtime procrastination
“ ”
1.What does the underlined phrase a quiet pandemic refer to RBP . The phrase spread rapidly on Twitter in June after a
“ ” ( )
in the second paragraph postbyjournalistDaphneKLee. Shedescribedthephenomenon
?
A.COVID⁃ . B.Loneliness. as when people who dont have much control over their
19 “
C.The lockdown. D.A complex issue. daytime liferefusetosleepearlyinordertoregainsomesenseof
2.Why is the new book mentioned in Paragraph freedom during late⁃night hours .
3? ”
A.To show the seriousness of loneliness. Psychology may explain the reason why people would
B.To advertise a new book. choose toregainthisleisuretimeevenattheexpenseofsleep. A
C.To give an example of loneliness. growingbodyofevidencepointstotheimportanceoftimeaway
D.To introduce what to be discussed. from work pressure. One of the most important parts of
“
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthereasonsforthetrend recovery from workissleep. However sleepisaffectedbyhow
,
of loneliness well we separate ourselves from stress says Sheffield
? ,”
A.Contemporary employment. Universitys Kelly. Its important she explains to have a rest
, ,
B.Social media. when we can be mentally distanced from work which would
,
C.Individual choice. explain why people are willing to sacrifice sleep for post⁃work
D.Extremist politics. leisure.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? In fact experts have long warned that insufficient sleep is
,
A.Loneliness Good or Not an ignored global public⁃health epidemic 流行病 . A
: ? ( ) 2019
B.A Common Disease survey showed that % of adults worldwide feel they dont get
62
C.Loneliness A Clear Trend enough sleep. People mentioned various reasons for this lack
: ,
D.Pandemic and Loneliness including stressandtheirsleepingenvironment but % blamed
, 37
答案 their heavy work or school schedule. Long hours at the office
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文 主题语境为人与社会 主题语 aside another part of the problem is that modern working
。 , ,
境内容为社会热点问题 文章介绍了孤独是一个有着复杂 patterns mean people find it harder to draw boundaries between
。
根源的普遍问题 并分析了孤独的趋势的原因 还指出技术 work and home.
, ,
令人走向孤独 1.Why does the author mention the example of Emma Li in the
。
1.B 猜测词义题 根据第二段中的 The lockdown has first paragraph
。 ?
worsened a problem that has been spreading in many A.To make comparisons.
developed nations for decades loneliness.可知 这里画线短 B.To introduce the topic.
: ,
语指的就是孤独 故选B C.To support her argument.
。 。
专题十 主旨要义 3 81
D.To provide examples. though she has toface boththe positivesandnegativesofonline
2.Which of the following is the cause of the RBP comments.
“ ”?
A.The intention of refreshing oneself. Im always confused when people say mean things. How
“
B.The desire to get rid of work stress. could they say that Yaniza says. But Im also blown away
?” “
C.The unwillingness to sleep early. when people say really kind things. They dont know me at all
,
D.The lack of sleeping environment. but theyre leaving such nice comments.
”
3.What can be the best title of the passage? 1.What happened after Yaniza started to sing in Spanish
?
A.The Psychology behind the RBP A.Her audiences were growing.
“ ”
B.The Harmful Effects of the RBP B.She became famous overnight.
“ ”
C.The Insufficient Sleep of Adults C.She was asked to post more covers.
D.The Popularity of Schedule D.Her language abilities were recognized.
“996 ”
答案
2.What do we know about Contigo
“ ”?
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文 主题语境为人与自我 主题语 A.It is Yanizas first original song.
。 ,
境内容为健康的生活方式 文章由Emma Li的事例引出 报
B.It proves Yanizas gift for singing.
。 “
复性熬夜 的话题 并从心理学角度分析了 报复性熬夜 背
C.It is inspired by a bilingual singer.
” , “ ”
后的原因
D.It combines two different languages.
。
1.B 推理判断题 文章开篇提出 Emma Li熬夜的例子 第
。 ,
3.WhatdoesYanizamainlytalkaboutinthelastparagraph?
二段马上提到RBP 即本文的话题 所以Emma Li的例子
, 。 A.Her doubts about being a singer.
是为了引出这个话题 故选B
。 。 B.Her feelings about online comments.
2.B 细节理解题 根据第三段中的 A growing body of
。 C.Her understanding of bilingual music.
evidence points to the importance of time away from work
D.Her attitude to songwriting challenges.
pressure.可知 应选B
, 。 答案
3.A 主旨要义题 第一段用Emma Li的例子引出话题
。 ——— [语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 主题语境为人与自我 主题语
RBP 第二段解释了何为 RBP 第三 四两段从心理学角 。 ,
。 。 、 境内容为认识自我 丰富自我 完善自我 文章讲述了出生
度分析了这种现象背后的原因 由此可知 A的表述最贴 , , 。
。 , 于双语家庭的纽约姑娘 Yaniza Doré 爱好唱歌 她利用自己
切 故选A ,
。 。 的双语优势收获很多粉丝的故事
Passage9 。
1.A 细节理解题 根据文章第二段中 She says singing in
Yaniza Doré was born and raised in New York City in a 。
Spanish hashelpedherstandoutonYouTubeandreachwider
bilingual 双语的 family. Her mother is a native Spanish
( ) audiences than before.可知 她的西班牙歌曲帮助她脱颖而
speaker and her fathers native language is English. She has ,
, 出 观众比以前更多了 故选A
loved singing since she was a little girl. , 。 。
2.D 细节理解题 根据文章第三段中 The song mixes
In when Yaniza was in college she began posting 。
2013, , English and Spanish lyrics 歌词 into each other creating a
weekly YouTube covers 翻唱 of songs and performing live in ( ) ,
( ) unique and distinctive Spanglish song.可知 这首歌融合了英
New York. Initially her covers were in English but over time ,
, , 语和西班牙语 故选D
she began to sing in Spanish as well combining her love of 。 。
, 3.B 主旨要义题 根据最后一段的内容可知 Yaniza 主要
music with her bilingual abilities. She says singing in Spanish 。 ,
在谈论人们在网上对她音乐的评价及自己对各种评价的感
has helped her stand out on YouTube and reach wider audiences
受 故选B
than before. 。 。
长难句
In addition to covers Yaniza has written and recorded a
,
number of original songs primarily in English. But this year 原句:Regardless of the challenge, Yaniza finds being a
, ,
she took her identity as a bilingual singer to the next level by bilingual singer and a musician in general extremely rewarding,
writing herfirstoriginalsonginSpanglish Contigo . Thesong even though she has to face both the positives and negatives of
,“ ”
mixes English and Spanish lyrics 歌词 into each other online comments.
( ) ,
creating a unique and distinctive Spanglish song. The 分析:此句中包含一个由even though引导的让步状语从
songwriting process involved musical inspiration mixed with 句和一个find sth. adj.的结构。
+ +
thoughtful language skills. This may sound like an impossible 译文:不管挑战如何,Yaniza 发现作为一个双语歌手和
task but Yaniza says it came naturally to her. 音乐人通常是非常值得的,尽管她必须面对网上评论的积极
,
For original songs one challenge is making sure the 影响和负面影响。
,
Spanish lyrics dont unintentionally cause offence to anyone. Passage10
Yaniza is careful to make sure shes saying things appropriately. With boldcolors sharplinesandsurreal 超现实主义的
, ( )
Regardless of the challenge Yaniza finds being a bilingual scenes street art from Brazil brings a different cultural feast to
, ,
singer and a musician in general extremely rewarding even the audience in Shanghai this winter.
,
3 82 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
Two famous Brazilian street artists twin brothers Gustavo 1.D 细节理解题 根据文章第三段中 Due to COVID⁃
, 。 19,
Pandolfo and Otavio Pandolfo opened their exhibition at the the two artists could not personally present their work in
,
ShanghaiFosunFoundationonthelastdayof . Titled You Shanghai norcouldtheyparticipate inthe exhibitionsoffline
2020 “ ,
Are My Guest the show will last till Feb. . planning and preparations.可知 这两位艺术家没能亲自参加
”, 26 ,
It was difficult to put this show together when the whole 准备工作 故选D
“ 。 。
worldhadtostopbecauseof thepandemic OtavioPandolfotold 2.C 细节理解题 根据文章最后一段中的 and hope the
,” 。
Xinhua during an online interview. Due to COVID⁃ the two exhibition would give Chinese audiences a glimpse of
19,
artists could not personally present their work in Shanghai nor Brazilian culture可知 他们在作品中注入巴西文化元素是
, ,
could they participate in the exhibitions offline planning and 想让中国观众了解巴西文化 故选C
。 。
preparations. However they created a network with staff members 3.C 主旨要义题 根据整篇文章可知 文章主要讲两位巴
, 。 ,
from theFosunFoundationinShanghaiviae⁃mailsandvideolinks. 西艺术家在上海的展览 故选C
。 。
After months of online communication and arrangements Passage11
,
they managed to send over art pieces to Shanghai. We try Automakers around the world from Japan to Texas are
200 “ , ,
to find the best way to share our works with all the guests that struggling withaglobalshortageofcomputerchips. Volkswagen
visit the show he said. sounded the alarm about the growing problem last month. Now
,”
Popular around the world they have held and participated more automakers are reporting problems that are trimming
,
in exhibitions in countries including the United States Portugal production plans based on their supply of semiconductors 半导
, (
and Finland. You Are My Guest is an invitation for 体 .
“‘ ’ )
everyone to jump inside our imagination and we like to share Semiconductors are at the heart of our phones and
,
this with everybody he said adding that the exhibits were computers but theyre critical components for new cars too
,” , , , —
presented in a multi⁃media way including large⁃scale paintings and not just in fancy touch screens. Theyre controlling the
, “
and sound pieces. engine andtheemissionsandevenintheswitchesforraisingand
Born and living inSaoPaulo theyinfuse 注入 their works lowering your windows says Kristin Dziczek the vice
, ( ) ,” ,
withBrazilianculturalelements suchaslocalfolkstories hiphop president at the Center for Automotive Research.
, ,
music and breakdancing and hope the exhibition would give Last year when auto manufacturing was suspended for the
, ,
Chinese audiencesaglimpseofBrazilianculture. Itwasadifficult pandemic everyone predicted a prolonged slowdown in car
“ ,
yearforeveryoneinmanydifferentways saidGustavoPandolfo. sales. The global semiconductor industry planned accordingly
,” ,
We hope that with this exhibition we can bring some hope and arranged to sell more computer chips to other buyers. But
“ ,
energy andlight andpeoplecanthinkofsomethingcolorful fun then much to everyones surprise shoppers were still eager to
, , , , ,
happy and with love. buy new cars. Assoonastheyreopened plantsresumednormal
” ,
1.What can we learn about the exhibition production at a remarkable speed.
?
A.It will last about a month. At the same time demand for chips from other sectors like
, —
B.It was hardly influenced by the pandemic. consumer electronics was also increasing. Every school district
— “
C.Visitors can jump inside the large⁃scale painting. in the country had to buy newcomputers Dziczek says.
,”
D.The two artists couldnt get involved in its preparations in For carshoppers thiscouldmeansome vehiclemodelsare
,
person. hardertofindforthenextfewmonths. Sofar theconsequences
,
2.Why do the artists infuse their works with Brazilian cultural have been uneven among automakers. Ford and Fiat Chrysler
elements have entire plants on pause while General Motors says its
? ,
A.To share their works with Chinese audiences. manufacturing operations have not been affected and Toyota
,
B.To bring hope energy and light to peoples life. does not expect any impact on employment. The United Auto
,
C.To help Chinese audiences understand Brazilian culture. Workers which represents factory workers at Ford GM and
, ,
D.To make people think of something colorful and delightful. Fiat Chrysler plants notes that its contracts include
,
3.What is the text? unemployment and supplemental pay for workers affected by
“ ”
A.A story of two artists. production downtime.
B.An exhibition review. 1.In what ways can semiconductors not be applied in cars
?
C.An introduction to an exhibition. A.In the engine system.
D.An advertisement for an exhibition. B.In fancy touch screens.
答案 C.In the emission system.
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 主题语境为人与社会 主题语 D.In the switches of car doors.
。 ,
境内容为绘画领域的代表性作品和人物 文章讲述了巴西 2.What can we infer from the last paragraph
。 ?
的双胞胎艺术家在上海举办名为 你是我的客人 的艺术展 A.Itll be harder for shoppers to find a dream car.
“ ” ,
让中国观众通过参展了解巴西文化的故事 B.The contracts are not beneficial to the workers.
。
专题十 主旨要义 3 83
C.Toyota is expected to face the employment problem. andmostofthecartoonistsIvemethavebeenwonderfulhuman
D.All the automakers have paused the entire plants. beings he says. Theyve made a difference inmylife andI
,” “ ,
3.Which of the following is the best title for the text? hope to make a difference as well.
”
A.A Dream Car Is Not a Dream 1.What is the passage mainly about?
B.The Growing Popularity of Semiconductor A.The influence of cartoonist Richard Thompson.
C.Semiconductor Wont Hurt Chip Production B.Great achievements made in the comic strip field.
D.Auto Production Disturbed by Chip Shortages C.Progress made in the study of Parkinsons disease.
答案 D.Chris Sparks contributions to Parkinsons disease research.
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文 主题语境为人与社会 主题语 2.Chris Sparks took a different path to raise fund by .
。 ,
境内容为社会热点问题 文章讲述了疫情期间 许多汽车制 A.building a website for Thompson
。 ,
造商面临着汽车芯片短缺的困境 汽车购买者对车的购买 B.releasing a new book by Thompson
。
欲并没有减退 因此许多汽车制造商都出台应对措施 保障 C.forming a research team for Parkinsons disease
, ,
工人权益 保证生产供应 D.auctioning off artworks inspired by Thompsons strip
, 。
1.D 细节理解题 根据文章第二段中的andnotjustinfancy 3.What can be learned from the passage
。 ?
touch screens 和 Theyre controlling the engine and the A.Thompson kept his disease secret from his fans.
emissions and even in the switches for raising and lowering B.Sparks became Thompsons fan when he was .
5
your windows可知 并未提及门的开关 故选D C.Sparks love of comics contributed to his action.
, 。 。
2.A 推理判断题 根据最后一段中的For car shoppers this D.Cartoonists raised $ for Team Cul de Sac.
。 , 450,000
could mean some vehicle models are harder to find for the 答案
next few months.可知 购车者短期内可能更难买到某些想 [语篇解读] 本文为记叙文 主题语境为人与社会 主题语
, 。 ,
要的车型 故选A 境内容为社会热点问题 文章讲述了漫画家Thompson得了
。 。 。
3.D 主旨要义题 根据全文可知 文章讲述的是在疫情期 帕金森病 他的粉丝Sparks为了帕金森病的研究而通过独特
。 , ,
间 由于半导体芯片短缺 汽车生产受到影响的情况 故 的方式集资的故事
, , 。 。
选D 1.D 主旨要义题 根据全文结构可知 第一段讲漫画家
。 。 ,
Passage12 Thompson得了帕金森病 他的粉丝们开始关注 第二段讲
, 。
Even though it is just a few years old the comic strip 连 他的一个名为Sparks的粉丝通过成立集资队 建网站等支
, ( 、
环漫画 Cul de Sac has already won many fans through its 持帕金森病的研究 第三段讲 Sparks 的独特集资方式
), , 。 。
characters. So when cartoonist Richard Thompson announced 第四段讲Sparks为偶像集资的原因 文章主要讲了Sparks
, , 。
that he had been diagnosed with Parkinsons disease 帕金森 为帕金森病的研究而集资的故事 故选D
( 。 。
病 his fans sat up and took notice. 2.D 细节理解题 根据文章第三段可知 他联系了许多漫
), 。 ,
One of the fans was Chris Sparks a designer and web 画家捐赠作品 他们的作品受到 Thompson 的连环漫画的
, ,
developer in North Carolina. Sparks was building a website for 启发 Thompson的出版商会将这些作品集结成书出版
。 。
Thompsonwhenthecartoonistannouncedhisdisease. Hestarted 这本书出版后将进行拍卖 故选D
。 。
reading more about Parkinsons disease through books and 3.C 推理判断题 根据文章最后一段中的 I think we can
。 “
websites. There he found that people could form public fund⁃ make a difference saysSparks whopointsoutthathislove
,” ,
raisingteamstoraisemoneyforParkinsonsdiseaseresearch. He of comicsinspiredhim.可知 是Sparks对于漫画的热爱激励
,
quickly decided to form his own team Team Cul de Sac. 着他为别人做点贡献 故选C
: 。 。
However Sparks decided to take a different path. He has Passage13
,
contacted dozens of cartoonists around the world who will AteamfromNorthwesternUniversityhasdevelopedasoft
, ,
contribute artworksinspiredbytheCuldeSacstrip. Thompsons skin⁃interfaced sensor that can analyze the molecular 分子的
( )
publisher Andrews Mcmeel has agreed to release them in a composition of sweat for things like cortisol blood sugar and
, , , ,
booknextyear. Some ofthe profitsfrom the bookwillgotothe vitamin C sending the data to the wearers smartphone. This
,
research. And after the book is released the artworks will be data the researchers hope will allow people to better control
, , ,
auctioned 拍卖 off. All profits will go to the research team. their stress levels throughout the day.
( )
The aim is to raise $ for the foundation. Weve Cortisol also called the stress hormone can be measured
450,000 “ , ,
already had around people who say they are interested in in a persons sweat.Released from the adrenal glands 肾上
80 (
contributing says Sparks. 腺 it can be a powerful performance enhancer increasing
,” ), —
Although many people with Parkinsons disease are secret energy production and glucose 葡萄糖 availability for the
( )
about theircondition Thompsonisnotoneofthem. Heshappy muscles during a fight or flight situation for instance being
, “ ” ,
to put his support behind the project. I think we can make a attacked by a lion. However cortisol can also be released
“ ,
difference saysSparks whopointsoutthathisloveofcomics because of modern stressors such as money problems issues at
,” , ,
inspired him. IvebeenreadingcomicssinceIwas yearsold work and other day⁃to⁃day worries that if built up over time
“ 5 , , ,
3 84 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
create chronic anxiety and can lead to an increased risk of 3.A 推测词义题 根据helping people relieve depressive or
。
diabetes depression high blood pressure and obesity. stressful feelings和语境可知这种装置在帮助人们缓解抑郁或
, ,
When someone who wears the chip sweats the liquid runs 紧张情绪方面起到正面和积极的作用 故选A项 useless无
, 。 。
through small channels intoaseriesofchemicaltestsensorsthat 用的 accessible可接近的 易使用的 weak虚弱的
; , ; 。
look fordifferentbiologicalsignalswhichcouldsuggestarisein 4.C 推理判断题 本文主要介绍了一种新研发的可以检查
。
cortisol. 汗液成分 从而让人们可以更好地控制压力水平的传感器
, ,
Previous attempts in years past at creating devices like this 属于科普类文章 故选C项
, 。
were limited by the need to take sweat samples to laboratories Passage14
for analysis removinganyabilityfortheindividualtoactonthe Britains streets are becoming increasingly crowded with
,
data in a way that might prevent build⁃up of stressful feelings throwaway facemasks and protective gloves a survey has
, ,
or even an anxiety attack. found and councils warn that they are battling with a mountain
,
Such adevicecouldbeparamountinhelpingpeoplerelieve of personal protective equipment PPE litter.
( )
depressive orstressfulfeelings notleastbecauseexercisinghard Four in ten councils have identified throwaway masks
( ,
enough to cause sweat helps with anxiety on its own . gloves and other forms of PPE as a problem in their area and
) ,
Furthermore the percent of the population of American warned that it could pose an infection risk.
,
adults withregularfeelingsofworry nervousness oranxietyis The District Councils Network DCN represents about
, , ( )
around . % while there are nearly million doctors visits regionalauthorities coveringwastecollectionfor million
112 , 60 180 , 22
where mental or behavioral health is the chief concern. Putting people. As well as being potentially dangerous for pets and
“
power into patients hands in the form of a detailed diagnosis wildlife thereisariskthattheycouldspreadinfection itsaid.
— , ,”
of cortisol levels could help significantly to lower those The World Health Organization has warned that appropriate
, “
numbers. handling is essential to avoid any increase in the spread of
1.Whats the function of the newly developed sensor disease.
? ”
A.To examine the component of sweat. Councils arealreadystrugglingwithwastecollectionduring
B.To show when one lacks vitamins. the pandemic as residents are creating more rubbish while
C.To connect wearable devices to smartphones. spendinglongerperiodsathome. TheDCNsaidsomeweeksthis
D.To control peoples stress levels. summer had been like Christmas collections referring to the
“ ”,
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about larger amounts of rubbish over the festive period.
?
A.What may create the profile of chronic anxiety. Dan Humphreys the DCNs chief for enhancing quality of
,
B.What may cause the release of the stress hormone. life said Facemasks gloves and other forms of PPE are
, , “ ,
C.How cortisol can enhance ones energy production. designed to protect people but poor handling risks doing the
D.How cortisol can be measured in a persons sweat. opposite. We would remind residents to think about how they
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word deal with their waste.
? ”
A.Significant. B.Useless. C.Accessible. D.Weak. Scientists however have warned that even if masks are
, ,
4.Where is this text most likely from dealtwithproperly tonsofsingle⁃use facemaskscould
? ,124,000
A.A product review. B.A guidebook. end up in landfills if people do not switch to reusable coverings.
C.A science magazine. D.A science fiction story. 1.What is the DCNs attitude towards PPE litter
?
答案 A.Worried. B.Tolerant. C.Skeptical. D.Approving.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文 主题语境为人与社会 主题 2.Why is Christmas collections mentioned in paragraph
, , “ ” 4?
语境内容为科学与技术 文章主要介绍了西北大学的一个研究 A.To recall the festival.
。
小组开发了一种传感器 可以分析汗液的分子组成 并将数据发 B.To admire the atmosphere.
, ,
送到佩戴者的智能手机 研究人员希望 这些数据能帮助人们 C.To advocate the collection.
。 ,
更好地控制一整天的压力水平 D.To criticize the phenomenon.
。
1.A 细节理解题 根据the function of the newly developed 3.What can we infer from the scientists warning
。 ?
sensor可定位到第一段 根据...can analyze the molecular A.It is better to produce multiple⁃use equipment.
。
分子的 compositionofsweatforthingslikecortisol blood B.It is better to use reusable equipment.
( ) ,
sugar and vitamin C sending the data to the wearers C.More rubbish will be produced.
, ,
smartphone可知 这种新的传感器可以检测汗液的成分 D.More landfills will be built.
, 。
故选A项 4.What is the text mainly about
。 ?
2.B 主旨要义题 本段第一句话首先指出皮质醇可以在一 A.The benefits of wearing facemasks.
。
个人的汗液中测量 然后通过举例的方式说明了在哪些情 B.The ways of dealing with rubbish.
,
形下人体可以释放皮质醇 由此可知 本段主要介绍了是什 C.The problem of handling PPE litter.
, ,
么导致这种应激激素的释放 故选B项 D.The importance of protecting individuals.
。 。
专题十 主旨要义 3 85
答案 potentialities always exist occurring again generation after
,
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文 主题语境为人与自然 主 generation only to perish because society has no place for
, , ,
题语境内容为环境保护 一项调查发现 英国街道上的一次 them.
。 , ”
性口罩和防护手套越来越多 很多地方议会正在应对堆积如 She is regarded as one of the most influential social
,
山的个人防护装备 PPE 垃圾 科学家认为使用可重复使用 scientists of the last century.People around the world mourned
( ) 。
的装备更好 the death of Margaret Mead in .A year later the president
。 1978 ,
1.A 推理判断题 根据第三段中 As well as being of the United States Jimmy Carter honored the social scientist
。 “ , ,
potentially dangerous for pets and wildlife there is a risk that with Americas highest award for civilians.
,
they could spread infection 可推知 DCN对 PPE 垃圾持担 1.What can we learn about Mead from the text
” , ?
忧态度 故选A项 tolerant宽容的 容忍的 skeptical怀疑 A.She was influenced by her mother to be an anthropologist.
。 。 , ;
的 approving赞成的 同意的 B.Shemajoredinpsychologyandanthropologyasanundergraduate.
; , 。
2.D 推理判断题 作者以 圣诞节收运 做类比说明了在 C.She believed isolated cultures could expose forgotten ways
。 “ ”
大流行病期间家庭垃圾的巨大数量 由此推断提到 圣诞 of living to the modern world.
, “
收运 是为了批评这一现象 故选D项 D.She discovered modern societies were less strict in gender
” 。 。
3.B 推理判断题 由 the scientistswarning 可定位到最后 roles than primitive ones.
。 “ ”
一段 根据 Scientists however have warned that even if 2.It can be inferred from Meads study in tribes that .
。 “ , ,
masks are dealt with properly tons of single⁃use A.the world is filled with separate cultures
, 124,000
facemasks could end up in landfills if people do not switch to B.no gender characteristics are ever simply human nature
“ ”
reusable coverings 可知 使用可重复使用的装备更好 故 C.knowing another culture will help us reflect on our own
” , 。
选B项 D.social standards are responsible for individuals development
。
4.C 主旨要义题 第一段为文章的主旨段 根据 they are 3.What does the underlined word them in the third paragraph
。 , “ “ ”
battling with a mountain of personal protective equipment refer to
?
PPE litter 可知 文章的主要内容是处理 PPE 垃圾的问 A.Shared potential among humans.
( ) ” ,
题 故选C项 B.Classifications of gender and race.
。 。
Passage15 C.Social expectations and norms.
Margaret Mead one of the most famous anthropologists D.Each individuals psychological makeup.
,
人类学家 in the world was born in the USA in the 4.Whats the passage mainly about
( ) , 1901, ?
oldest of five children.Her father was a professor of finance and A.The difference between men and women.
her mother was a sociologist. After studying psychology as an B.The recommendation of Meads book.
undergraduate Mead took a PhD in the relatively new field of C.The introduction about a great anthropologist.
,
anthropology. Mead was particularly interested in primitive D.The groundwork for each individuals makeup.
communities because she believed that such isolated cultures 答案
could serve as laboratories that would reveal ways of living [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文 主题语境为人与社会 主
“ ” , ,
that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to 题语境内容为对社会有突出贡献的人物 文章主要介绍了
。
remember. 著名的人类学家玛格丽特 米德的主要成就及影响
· 。
Having travelled to Samoa a few tiny volcanic islands in 1.C 细节理解题 根据第一段中 she believed that such
, 。 “
the center of the Pacific Ocean Mead gradually got interested in isolated cultures could serve as laboratories that would
, ‘ ’
gender roles and discovered that modern societies are far more reveal ways of living that the modern world had forgotten
strict in this area than primitive ones.For example Americans about but needed to remember 可确定答案为 C
, ” 。
tend to think of men as productive sensible and aggressive 2.B 推理判断题 根据第三段的 Meads striking
, , 。 “
while women are often told theyre more light⁃hearted and conclusion is that it isnt gender that makes women curl their
peaceful. But Mead studied tribes in Papua New Guinea and hair or listen to peoples feelings or race that makes some
,
recorded that in the Arapesh tribe both men and women were nations regularly attack their neighbors. 可知作者认为性别
, ”
peaceful while in another tribe men and women were both 特征不是人类的天性 故选B项
, , 。 。
ruthless and aggressive. 3.A 推测词义题 根据第三段的 the same potentialities
。 “
Meads strikingconclusionisthatitisntgenderthatmakes alwaysexist occurringagaingenerationaftergeneration only
, ,
women curl their hair or listen to peoples feelings or race that to perish because society has no place for them 同样的潜力
, (
makes some nations regularly attack their neighbors.Rather its 永远存在 一代又一代地重复出现 只是因为社会没有它们
, , ,
the social expectations and norms that have laid the groundwork 的位置才消失 可以看出 them 指代上文的 the same
)”,
for each individuals psychological makeup. We must potentialities 即shared potential among humans 故选A
“ , 。 。
recognize she reminded her readers that beneath the 4.C 主旨要义题 通读全文可知 文章介绍了玛格丽特
,” , “ 。 , ·
superficial 表面上的 classifications of sex and race the same 米德的家庭成员 专业 成就及影响 故选C项
( ) , 、 、 。 。
3 86 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
长难句 Mead was particularly interested in primitive A.Tricky. B.Regretful. C.Cold. D.False.
communities because she believed that such isolated cultures 3.Which statement does Lionel Sebbag agree with
?
could serve as “laboratories” that would reveal ways of living A.Weeping contributes to eye disease.
that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to B.The cornea has rich blood vessels.
remember.米德对原始社区特别感兴趣,因为她认为这种孤立 C.Tears oil and clear the eyes.
的文化可以作为“实验室”,揭示现代世界已经忘记但需要记 D.More tears mean better vision.
住的生活方式。 4.What might be the best title for the text
?
本句 为 主 从 复 合 句。 句 子 的 主 干 为: Mead was A.Tears a barrier to eyes
,
particularly interestedinprimitivecommunities。 句中beause引 B.A better treatment for eye disease
导原因状语从句;在原因状语从句中第一个 that 引导动词 C.Non⁃human tears promise new cures
believed的宾语从句;后面两个that引导定语从句。 D.Other species tears are similar to humans
Passage16 答案
A new study published this week in the journal Frontiers [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文 主题语境为人与社会 主
, , ,
in VeterinaryScience revealsthatnon⁃humananimalstearsare 题语境内容为科学与技术 一项新研究表明 其他动物的眼
, 。 ,
not so different from our own. The chemical similarities are so 泪与人类的眼泪并没有太大不同 实际上其他动物眼泪的组
,
great in fact that the composition of other species tears and 成为治愈人类的一些眼病提供了思路
, , — 。
how theyre adapted to their environments may provide 1.B 主旨要义题 第三段主旨句为第一句 由此可知 第
— 。 。 ,
insights into better treatments for human eye disease. 三段主要讲了眼泪的成分 故选B项
。 。
Previously scientistshadstudiedcloselyonlythetearsofa 2.D 推测词义题 根据画线单词下文 display of emotion
, 。 “ ,
handfulofmammals includinghumans dogs horses camels comes from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to release
, , , , ,
and monkeys. Inthenewstudy Brazilianveterinariansanalyzed tears as they eat 可知 鳄鱼进食的时候会流泪 所以 鳄鱼
, ” , , “
the tears of reptiles and birds for the first time focusing on 的眼泪 指的是一个人虚假的情感表达 即画线词意思是
, ” 。
seven species. 虚假的 故选D项
“ ”。 。
Tears whicharereleasedfromthetearglands formafilm 3.C 细节理解题 根据 Lionel Sebbag 可定位于第五段
, , 。 “ ” 。
over the eye that is composed of three ingredients mucus 根据 They help with vision by lubricating and clearing the
: , “
water and oil. The mucus coats the eyes surface and helps to eye 它们通过润滑和清洁眼睛来帮助视力 可知 C选项
, ( )” ,
attach the film to the eye the water is a natural saline solution 眼泪可以润滑和清洁眼睛 与Lionel Sebbag的观点一致
, “ ” 。
盐溶液 containing crucial proteins and minerals and the oil 故选C项
( ) , 。
prevents the eye from drying out. 4.C 主旨要义题 文章第一段为主旨段 根据 The
。 , “
Humans are the only known species to produce emotional chemical similarities are so great in fact that the
, ,
tears the expression crocodile tears which refers to a composition of other species tears and how theyre adapted
; “ ,” —
persons phony display of emotion comes from the mysterious to their environments may provide insights into better
, —
tendency of crocodiles to release tears as they eat. treatments for human eye disease. 可知 文章主要介绍的是
” ,
But tears play key roles beyond weeping notes Lionel 其他动物的眼泪为治疗人类眼病提供了思路 故选C项
, , 。
Sebbag at Iowa State University who was not involved in the Passage17
,
new research. They help with vision by lubricating and clearing Google has announced plans to stop supporting tools
the eye. They also protect the eye against infection and provide designed to follow Internet users across the Web in order to
nutrition to the cornea the eyes clear outer layer which lacks target them with specific advertising.
, ,
blood vessels 血管 he says. Such tools are known as cookies small data files that are
( ), —
Learning how reptiles and birds use tears may also inspire stored on an Internet users computer as they browse 浏览
( )
new medications for conditions such as dry eye which occurs different websites. This data can be read by web servers to
,
when the tear glands dont produce enough oil. The disease identify web browsing behaviors of the user. Cookies make it
,
common in cats dogs and people can sometimes lead to possible for users to avoid having to repeatedly enter their user
, , ,
blindness. names and passwords to get access to websites they use often.
1.What is paragraph 3 mainly about But the use of cookies raises major privacy concerns with
? ,
A.The source of tears. critics saying a users browsing history should not be recorded
B.The composition of tears. just to target them with ads.
C.The classification of tears. Google announced in it had decided to remove
2020 “
D.The definition of tears. support for third⁃party cookies from its Chrome browser. In
”
2.What does the underlined word phony in paragraph another online announcement Google repeated this promise
“ ” 4 , ,
mean saying it will not build new tools to replace current cookie
?
technology.
专题十 主旨要义 3 87
In explaining its decision Google referred to a Pew 样做的原因是回应用户对隐私的担忧 故选C项
, , 。
Research study that found percent of Americans feel that 3.B 细节理解题 根据第五段中The agency said it received
72 。
almost all of what they do online is tracked by advertisers. objections to the plan from Marketers for an Open Web a
,
Googles decision to remove third⁃party cookies also followed league of technology and publishing companies可知 谷歌的
,
increasing efforts to protect privacy in Europe and the United 这一计划受到一些公司的质疑和反对 即不是所有人都接
,
States. Google said the current Internet advertising model needs 受谷歌的这一计划 故选B项
。 。
to change to answer the growing concerns people have about 4.D 主旨要义题 本文是一篇新闻报道 首段 Google has
“ 。 ,
their privacy and how their personal identity is being used. announced plans to stop supporting tools designed to follow
”
In January however Googles plan was questioned by Internet users across the Web in order to target them with
, ,
British competition regulators. The countrys Competition and specific advertising.即全文的主题句 后文具体说明了要停
,
Markets Authority announced it had launched an investigation 止支持的是cookie 和停止支持的原因是保护隐私 故选
。
into whetherthechangeswouldgiveGoogleanunfairadvantage D项
。
over competitors in Internet advertising. The agency said it Passage18
received objections to the plan from Marketers for an Open Sports fandom is about more than just entertainment.It can
Web a league of technology and publishing companies. The boost your self⁃esteem 自尊 and make you happier and you
, ( ) —
group accuses Google of abusing its dominant position by dont have to root for the winning team to gain the benefits.
“ ”
attempting to create a new advertising model. Being a sports fan is a very psychologically healthy
“
In its latest statement Google said We will not build activity says Daniel Wann professor at Murray State
, , “ ,” ,
alternate identifierstotrackindividualsastheybrowseacrossthe University whose research program centres on the psychology of
Web nor will we use them in our products. sports fandom.Fandom connects us to other like⁃minded people
, ” ,
1.According to the text what do you know about cookies which satisfies our human need for belonging he says.
, ? ,
A.Cookies are inconvenient for web users. These relationships are significant People who are
:
B.The users should repeat their passwords to enter websites. identified as sports fans have higher levels of self⁃esteem and
,
C.Google uses cookies to monitor the web users private life. lowerlevelsoflonelinessandtendtobemoresatisfiedwiththeir
D.The tracks of the web users can be followed by the web lives compared to those who arent interested in sports Wann
,
servers. says.Fans tend to have more access to social support help and
,
2.Why did Google make the decision resources as well. Research suggests that when people have
?
A.To use an alternative tool. support from their communities they have better health.
,
B.To get more personal information. Beyond bonding fans get to enjoy the psychological benefits
,
C.To respond to concerns about privacy. of winning even if they have nothing to do with the players or
,
D.To create a fair Internet advertising platform. games says Stephen Reysen associate professor at Texas A&M
, ,
3.What does the investigation show us University⁃Commerce who studies identity and fandom.
?
A.It was organized by an agency of the US. Individuals feel that the fan interest in this case a sports
“ (
B.All people dont accept Googles plan. team is a part of them Reysen says. So when the team is
) ,” “
C.Google has the biggest advantages on the Internet. winning you feel like you are winning even though you are not
,
D.Marketers for an Open Web is in favor of Googles plan. a player.
”
4.What is the text mainly about Of course teams sometimes lose.
? ,
A.Privacy should be protected. So why do people continue to put their faith behind teams
,
B.Google will change the advertising model. that tend to lose People who feel a strong psychological
?
C.There should not be many advertisements on the Web. connection to a team are more likely to root for a team when
D.Cookies will be removed fromGoogle for privacy protection. theyre having a losing season Reysen says.
,
答案 Sports fandom has nothing to do with the outcome of a
“
[语篇解读] 本文是新闻报道 主题语境为人与社会 主题 game Wann says. For example if a pizza restaurant
, , ,” ,
语境内容为科学与技术 文章介绍了 Google 将停止支持能 continually got your order wrong youd likely switch to a more
。 ,
识别用户网络浏览行为的cookie 并解释了原因 reliable one.But because being a fan is so central to peoples
, 。
1.D 细节理解题 根据第二段中 This data can be read by identities people are willing to accept defeat and continue to be
。 ,
web servers to identify web browsing behaviors of the user可 loyal to a team.
知 cookie可以帮助网络服务器跟踪用户的网络行为 故 Being part of a fan community can also help people cope
, 。
选D项 with losses.A study found that watching a football game
。 2019
2.C 细节理解题 根据第四段中 Googles decision to with other fans helps to ease the negative psychological effects
。
remove third⁃party cookies also followed increasing efforts to of losing.
protect privacy in Europe and the United States可知 谷歌这 For fans of the losing team sharing the pain may have
, “ ,
3 88 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
protected them from losing self⁃esteem Silvia Knobloch⁃ 己的生活更满意 可知选C 体育迷可能对他们的生活更满
,” ) (
Westerwick co⁃author of the study and professor of 意
, )。
communication at the Ohio State University said in a release. 3.D 细节理解题 根据倒数第二段中的A study found
。 2019
1.According to the passage why do sports fans feel happier that watching afootballgamewithotherfanshelpstoeasethe
, ?
A.Becausetheycouldgainthebenefitsfromthewinningteam. negative psychological effects of losing. 年的一项研究
(2019
B.Because they can share pains and happiness with people 发现 与其他球迷一起观看足球比赛有助于缓解输球带来
,
who have the common interests. 的负面心理影响 可知如果球队失败 球迷是会有负面心
。) ,
C.Because they could have a low level of self⁃esteem. 理的 故选D
。 。
D.Because most of them are optimistic. 4.D 推理判断题 根据倒数第三段中的But because being a
。
2.What is the significance of the relationships between sports fan is so central to peoples identities people are willing to
,
fans accept defeatandcontinuetobeloyaltoateam. 但是因为成为
? (
A.Sports fans have support from their favorite teams. 粉丝是人们身份的核心 人们愿意接受失败 并继续忠诚于一
, ,
B.Sports fans have higher levels of loneliness. 个球队 可知答案选D
。) 。
C.Sports fans are likely more content with their lives.
5.B 主旨要义题 文章第一段第二句就已经讲明文章主
。
D.Sports fans tend to compare themselves to those who arent
旨 It can boost your self⁃esteem and make you happier... 成
: (
interested in sports.
为体育迷可以增强你的自尊 让你更快乐 故选B
, ……)。 。
3.According to thepassage iftheteamhasalosingseason the
, , 难句分析 原句:People who feel a strong psychological
sports fans may .
connection to a team are more likely to root for a team when
A.display their identities
theyre having a losing season.
B.have a boost of self⁃esteem
分析:本句中 who 引导定语从句,when 引导时间状语
C.not support the team any more
从句。
D.have a negative psychology period
译文:那些感觉自己与球队有强烈心理联系的人,更有
4.According to the passage what can help sports fans deal with
, 可能在失利的赛季为球队加油。
losses of their team
? Passage19
A.Being part of the team.
Last year a popular restaurant released a live stream of a
B.Ordering a pizza in a different restaurant. ,
family dininginit withoutaskingtheirpermission.Afterfinding
C.Sharing the pain with family members. ,
out what the restaurant was doing the family showed their
D.The loyalty to the team. ,
objection buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhad
5.What is the passage mainly about ,
? the right to do it.Moreover they tried to silence the family
A.Sports fanshaveacloserrelationshipwithotherlike⁃minded , ,
saying that their behavior was damaging the restaurants image.
people.
This event has caused a debate on the violation of privacy and
B.Sports fans have higher self⁃esteem and are more satisfied
portrait rights by webcasts.
with their lives.
It doesnt bother some people when their images are
C.Sports fans always put their faith behind their favorite
unconsciously recorded by cameras and shown through live
teams.
streams on different online platforms. They may even enjoy
D.Sports fandom has nothing to do with the outcome of a
appearing on screens and cooperate with some businesses.In that
game.
way the restaurant can have more public exposure and thus
答案
,
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文 主题语境是人与社会 主 attract more customers which is their purpose of webcasting.
,
。 ,
However others including the family mentioned above are
题语境内容为体育与健康 本文讨论了如果一个人是体育
, ,
。
迷 可能活得更有自尊 更加幸福 against it. The family thought that their portrait rights were
, , 。
1.B 推理判断题 根据第二段第二句中的Fandom connects violated considering no one had asked if it was okay to use the
。 ,
us to other like⁃minded people which satisfies our human images of them. They found it intolerable that their actions
,
needforbelonging 粉丝圈将我们与其他志同道合的人联系 captured by the camera were webcast live to millions of
(
在一起 这满足了我们人类的归属感需求 可知B 因为他 viewers not to mention the fact that some of them were not so
, ), ( ,
们可以和有共同兴趣的人分享痛苦和快乐 正确 decent.Thus they demanded an apology from the restaurant.
) 。
2.C 推理判断题 根据文章第三段第一句中的People who People may behave in a relaxed way when eating or
。
are identified as sports fans have higher levels of self⁃esteem resting and they dont want others to see them in this way.
, ,
and lower levels of loneliness and tend to be more satisfied Thus from a legal perspective if businesses webcast their
, ,
with their lives compared to those who arent interested in customers for commercial reasons they have violated
,
sports Wann says. 瓦恩说 与那些对运动不感兴趣的人相 customers portrait rights.
, ( ,
比 体育爱好者的自尊心更强 孤独感更低 而且往往对自 Webcasting someone without his or her consent amounts to
, , ,
专题十 主旨要义 3 89
a violation of portrait rights which is getting increasingly 他们的反对意见 但餐馆不予理睬 坚称他们有权这么做
, , , ,
common these days as cellphone webcasting is growing in 继而矛盾激化 故选C
, 。
popularity fortechnicalconvenience.However publicawareness 2.C 猜测词义题 这里的 that 指代前文提到的 when their
, 。
of privacy protection is still falling behind.More should be done images are unconsciously recorded by cameras and shown
to make sure webcasting is developing sustainably without through live streams on different online platforms 当他们的
, (
violating peoples legal rights. 形象被摄像机无意识地记录下来 并在不同的网络平台上
,
1.What is the major issue argued in the passage 通过流媒体直播时 故选C
? ), 。
A.A famous restaurant published a live stream of a family 3.D 推理判断题 根据第二段中 The family thought that
。
dining in it. their portrait rights were violated considering no one had
,
B.The family showed their objection to the famous restaurants asked if it was okay to use the images of them. 这家人认为
(
webcast. 他们的肖像权受到了侵犯 因为没有人询问是否可以使用
,
C.The restaurant ignored the objection and insisted they had 他们的形象 可知D是正确选项
) 。
the right to do it. 4.D 主旨要义题 文章在第一段最后一句已经表明了文章
。
D.The restaurant claimed that the family was damaging the 主旨并引出了下文讨论内容 This event has caused a debate
:
restaurants image. on the violationofprivacyandportraitrightsbywebcasts. 这
(
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword that inParagraph referto 一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩
“ ” 2 ?
A.Customers enjoy appearing on screens. 论 故选D
), 。
B.Customers cooperate with some businesses. 5.A 推理判断题 作者在文章中同时呈现了正反方的观点
。
C.Customers are shown through live streams online.
和态度 故选 objective 客观的 negative 否定的 positive
, ( )。 ;
D.Customers are unconsciously recorded by cameras.
积极的 subjective主观的
; 。
3.Which of the following behaviors may violate customers
难句分析 原句:Webcasting someone without his or her
privacy and portrait rights
? consent amountstoaviolationofportraitrights,whichisgetting
A. Businesses webcast customers live according to their
increasingly common these days as cellphone webcasting is
agreement.
growing in popularity for technical convenience.
B.Businesses webcast customers for commercial reasons and
分析:本句话中which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为
pay them.
前面整个主句。 同时本句话里还有as引导的时间状语从句。
C.Businesses webcast customers improper actions with their
译文:在未经他人同意的情况下进行网络直播就相当于
permission.
侵犯肖像权,近来随着手机网络直播因技术上的便利越来越
D.Businesses webcast customers behaving in a relaxed way
受欢迎,这种情况越来越普遍。
without informing them.
Passage20
4.What is the best title for the passage
? ScientistsattheDepartmentofEnergysLawrenceBerkeley
A.Public awareness of privacy protection is increasing.
National Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology
B.A famous restaurant released a live stream of a family.
have in just two years nearly doubled the number of
C.How can people behave in a relaxed way when having a — —
materials known to have potential for use in solar fuels.
rest
? Theydidsobydevelopinga processthat promisestospeedthe
D.A debate on whether webcasts violate privacy and portrait
discoveryofcommerciallyviable 在商业上可行 generationofsolar
rights. ( )
fuelsthat couldreplace coal oil andother fossil fuels.
5.What is the authors attitude toward webcasts , ,
? Solar fuels a dream of clean⁃energy research are created
A.Objective. B.Negative. C.Positive. D.Subjective. , ,
using only sunlight water and carbon dioxide.Researchers are
答案 , ,
exploring a range of possible target fuels but one possibility is
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文 主题语境是人与社会 主 ,
。 , to produce hydrogen by splitting water.
题语境内容为社会热点问题 本文讨论了网络直播是否涉
。 Each water molecule 分子 consists of one oxygen atom
及隐私权和肖像权的问题 ( )
。 and twohydrogenatoms.The hydrogenatomsare extracted and
,
then can be reunited to create highly flammable hydrogen gas or
combined with CO to create hydrocarbon fuels creating a
2 ,
plentiful and renewable energy source.The problem however
, ,
is that water molecules do not simply break down when sunlight
shinesonthem iftheydid theoceanswouldnotcovermostof
— ,
the planet.They need a little help from a solar⁃powered catalyst
催化剂 .
( )
1.C 细节理解题 根据第一段第二句可知 这家人表达了 Tocreatepracticalsolarfuels scientistshavebeentryingto
。 , ,
3 90 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
develop low⁃cost and efficient materials that perform the 答案
necessary chemistry usingonlyvisiblelightasanenergysource. [语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文 主题语境是人与自然 主
。 ,
A new method was developed through a partnership 题语境内容为人类生存 社会发展与环境的关系 本文讨论
、 。
between the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis JCAP 了科学家近期发现了一些太阳能燃料中的新物质 这些物质
( ) ,
and Berkeley Labs Materials Project using resources at the 有助于将水转化成燃料
, 。
Molecular Foundry and the National Energy Research Scientific 1.C 推理判断题 文章第一段说科学家两年内在太阳能燃
。
Computing Center NERSC .JCAP focused on developing a 料中发现了许多新物质 第二段说这种太阳能燃料可以替
( ) ,
cost⁃effective method of turning sunlight water and carbon 换传统能源 故选C
, , , 。
dioxide into fuel.It is led by Caltech with Berkeley Lab as a 2.C 推理判断题 根据文章第四段前两句Eachwatermolecule
。
major partner. The Materials Project is a program based at consistsofoneoxygenatomandtwohydrogenatoms...creatinga
Berkeley Lab that aims to remove the guesswork from materials plentiful and renewable energy source. 每个水分子由一个氧原
(
design in a variety of applications. 子和两个氢原子组成 从而创造出一种丰富的可再生能
……
What is particularly significant about this study which 源 可知选C 从水分子中生成碳氢化合物燃料
“ , ) ( )。
combines experiment and theory is that in addition to 3.B 推理判断题 根据第四段最后两句话 The problem
, 。 ,
identifying several new compounds for solar fuel applications however is that water molecules do not simply break down
, ,
we can also learn something new about the basic electronic when sunlight shines on them...They need a little help from a
structureofthematerialsthemselves saysNeaton thedirector solar⁃powered catalyst. 然而 问题是当阳光照射到水分子
,” , ( ,
of the Molecular Foundry. 时 它们不会简单地分解 它们需要一种太阳能催化剂
, ……
1.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs of the 的帮助 可知答案选B 太阳能催化剂用于分解水分子
) ( )。
passage
4.B 主旨要义题 根据最后一段中 we can also learn
?
。
A. Some scientists promise to speed the discovery of
something new about the basic electronic structure of the
commercially viable generation of solar fuels.
materials themselves 我们还可以了解材料本身的基本电子
(
B.Some scientists have found twice as much solar fuel.
结构的新情况 可知选B 科学家可以了解新化合物的基本
) (
C.Somescientistsfoundnewmaterialsinsolarfuelsthatcould
电子结构
)。
replace traditional fuels.
5.A 主旨要义题 这篇文章第一段讲述科学家发现太阳能
。
D.Some scientistshaveusedtwotypesofsolarfuelinjusttwo
燃料中的新物质 从第四段开始介绍这种新物质可以用于
years. ,
把水变成燃料的原理和意义 故选A 新的物质可以把水
2.According tothepassage whatcanwedotocreateaplentiful 。 (
, 变成未来的燃料
and renewable energy source )。
? 难句分析 原句:What is particularly significant about this
A.Use only sunlight water and carbon dioxide.
, , study, which combines experiment and theory, is that in
B.Extract hydrogen atoms from water molecules.
addition to identifying several new compounds for solar fuel
C.Create hydrocarbon fuels from water molecules.
applications, we can also learn something new about the basic
D.Explore possible target fuels.
electronic structure of the materials themselves.
3.A solar⁃powered catalyst can be used for .
分析:这句话主要结构是由what引导的主语从句,以及
A.creating a new energy source
由that引导的表语从句组成。
B.breaking down water molecules
译文:这项结合了实验和理论的研究的特别重要之处在
C.creating highly flammable hydrogen gas
于,除了识别出几种用于太阳能燃料的新化合物外,我们还
D.reuniting hydrogen atoms extracted from water molecules
可以了解材料本身的基本电子结构的新情况。
4.What can be concluded from the last paragraph
? Passage21
A.The study will identify some solar fuels.
My name is Jaimie Eckert and Ive been into volunteer
B.Scientists can learn about the basic electronic structure of
work sincechildhood.Asagirl Ivolunteeredatanimalshelters
the new compounds. , ,
played music at nursing homes and helped with community
C.The study involves new theory and relative experiment. ,
cleanup after disasters.In college I volunteered heavily at a
D.The most importance of the study is to find some solar fuel ,
large yearly conference for young adults which is where I fell
applications. ,
in love with my husband⁃to⁃be who was on my team of co⁃
5.What does the passage focus on ,
? volunteers. Since getting married in weve been living in
A.New materials could turn water into the fuel of the future. 2013,
Beirut Lebanon. Iactuallyhaveanonlinecoachingbusinessbut
B.A new method was developed to create a renewable fuel. ,
Ive hadmanyopportunitiestovolunteerwithprojectsforSyrian
C.A program that aims to split water and create clean⁃energy
refugees 难民 and youth education.
research. ( )
Volunteering has been a way of life for me for a very long
D.Solar fuels are a dream of clean energy.
time andIwouldntdoitifIdidntenjoyit. Mostofthe time
, ,
专题十 主旨要义 3 91
you do feel that youre making a difference.Once I was leading 志愿服务的一些经历和感悟
。
out aprojectthatprovidedfoodboxestoSyrianrefugeefamilies. 1.B 推理判断题 文章第一段是讲述作者的志愿服务经
。
When it was nearing Ramadan the biggest holiday season in 历 主要目的是引出主题 故选B
, , , 。
Islam I literally stuffed the food package with extra treats... 2.C 主旨要义题 根据第二段第二句Most of the time you
, 。 ,
dates nuts olive oil and sweets. We took the package do feel that youre making a difference. 大多数时候 你确实
, , ( ,
unannouncedandendeduparrivingjustastheSyrianfamilywas 觉得自己有所作为 以及后文讲述的作者为一家叙利亚
。)
sitting down on their floor for breakfast.They had nothing more 难民提供食物后看到了那位母亲感激的泪水 可推断出答
,
than a few pieces of bread and a pot of tea.The mother was in 案为C 志愿活动在某种程度上影响着人们
( )。
tears as she received us. Ill never forget their gratitude. 3.C 推理判断题 根据第三段最后一句 Sometimes
。 ,
Another time back when I was in college in the US a volunteer work is fulfilling not because of the actual job you
, ,
group of friends and I volunteered to drive to a distant church get done but because of how your presence impacts the
,
that was way out in the suburb and had only a few elderly people around you. 有时候 志愿者工作让人感到充实并不
( ,
members.The building was in disrepair and the churchyard 是因为你完成了实际的工作 而是因为你的存在对你周围
,
needed attention.We stayed the weekend in the home of one of
的人产生了影响 可知选C
。) 。
these old ladies so we could clean and repair the church.Ill
4.B 主旨要义题 根据文章最后一段 Volunteering makes
。
never forget how new life sparkled in her eyes.She couldnt
me a better person because...It makes me grateful for what I
repair broken doors or pull weeds but her love for us was
, have. 志愿工作让我成为一个更好的人 因为 这让
( , ……。
unmatched.Itbreaksmyhearttorememberthisoldladybeaming
我对我所拥有的一切充满感恩 可知选 B 志愿工作对
with joy for such small efforts that we made. Sometimes 。) (
, Eckert来说意味着什么
volunteer work is fulfilling not because of the actual job you get )。
5.D 推理判断题 根据文章第一段和最后一段可以知道作
done but because of how your presence impacts the people 。
, 者对志愿服务持积极正面的态度 故选D
around you. , 。
难句分析 原句:In college,Ivolunteeredheavilyatalarge
Volunteering makes me a better person because it gets me
yearly conferenceforyoungadults,whichiswhereIfellinlove
outside of myself.It puts my focus on others.It makes me
with my husband⁃to⁃be, who was on my team of co⁃volunteers.
grateful for what I have.
分析:which引导非限制性定语从句,where 引导表语从
1.In Paragraph the author aims to .
1, 句,who引导的非限制性定语从句修饰my husband⁃to⁃be。
A.provide an explanation
译文:上大学时,我在一个面向年轻人的大型年度会议
B.introduce a topic
上做了大量志愿服务,在那里我爱上了我未来的丈夫,他当
C.reach a conclusion
时是我所在志愿者团队中的一员。
D.propose a definition
Passage22
2.What does Paragraph 2 focus on
? The damage that aging does to a body extends all the way
A.They brought food to Syrian families.
down to the cellular level.But the damage increased by cells in
B.Ramadan is the most important holiday season in Islam.
older muscles is especially severe because the cells do not
C.Volunteering affects people in some way. ,
reproduce easily and they become weaker as their mitochondria
D.Volunteering is a way of Eckerts life.
线粒体 which produce energy reduce in energy and
3.Why was the old lady happy ( ), ,
?
number. A study however suggests that certain sorts of
A.Because finally someone came to comfort themin the church.
, ,
exercise may remove some of what time can do to our
B.Because she could clean and repair the church with the
mitochondria.
volunteers.
Exercise is good for people as everyone knows. But
C.Because of the volunteers presence and help.
,
D.Because the volunteers made efforts to entertain her. scientists have surprisingly little understanding of its cellular
4.What message does the story convey impacts and how those mightvarybyactivityandthe ageofthe
?
A.Eckerts volunteer dream. exerciser. So researchers recently conducted an experiment on
B.What volunteering means to Eckert. the cells of healthy but sedentary 久坐的 men and women
72 ( )
C.How volunteering has changed Eckerts life. who were or younger or older than . After baseline
30 64
D.Eckert volunteers for Syrian refugees. measures were established for their aerobic 有氧的 fitness
( ) ,
5.What is the authors attitude towards volunteering their blood sugar levels and the gene activity and mitochondrial
?
A.Critical. B.Objective. health in their muscle cells the volunteers were randomly
,
C.Indifferent. D.Positive. assigned to a particular exercise program.
答案 Some of them did weight training several times a week
;
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文 主题语境是人与社会 主 some did interval training three times a week on exercise
。 ,
题语境内容为公益事业与志愿服务 本文讲述了作者从事 bicycles some rode exercise bikes at an appropriate pace for
。 ; 30
3 92 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
minutes a few times a week and lifted weights lightly on other
days.A fourth group the control did not exercise.After
, , 12
weeks the lab tests were repeated. In general everyone
, ,
experienced improvements in fitness and an ability to regulate
blood sugar.
But more unexpectedresultswere foundinthebiopsied 活
(
组织检查 muscle cells.Among the younger subjects who went
)
through interval training the activity levels had changed in
, 274
genes compared with genes for those who exercised more
, 170
appropriately and for the weight lifters.Among the older
74
group almost genes were working differently now
, 400 , 1.A 主旨要义题 根据第一段最后一句中的certain sorts of
compared with for the weight lifters and only for the 。
33 19 exercise may remove some of what time can do to our
appropriate exercisers.
mitochondria 某些类型的运动可能会消除一些时间对我们
It seems exercise could help contain the decline in the (
线粒体的影响 可知运动对延缓老年肌肉细胞损伤有好
cellular health of muscles associated with aging especially if it )
, 处 故选A
was intense says Dr. Sreekumaran Nair the studys senior , 。
, , 2.D 推理判断题 根据第二段最后一句中的 the volunteers
author.In fact older peoples cells responded in some ways 。
, were randomlyassignedtoaparticularexerciseprogram 志愿
more strongly to intense exercise than the cells of the young (
者们被随机分配到一个特定的锻炼计划 可知选 D 志愿
did suggesting he says that it is never too late to benefit ) (
— , , 者们接受了一项随机的特定锻炼计划
from exercise. )。
3.C 推理判断题 第三段作者列举了四组测试者参加实验
1.Which of the following is the best title for the text 。
? 的内容 故选C 通过列出每个小组的不同训练
A.Exercise Might Benefit Aging Muscles , ( )。
4.D 推理判断题 根据第四段对比青年组和老年组数据可知
B.Exercise Might Increase Aging Muscles 。
选D 间歇训练对老年人的影响大于年轻人
C.Exercise Might Do Harm to Mitochondria ( )。
5.B 猜测词义题 画线单词所在句 It seems exercise could
D.Aging Mainly Occurs in the Cellular Level 。
help contain the decline in the cellular health of muscles
2.WhatcanweknowabouttheexperimentmentionedinParagraph
2? associated with aging ...意为 运动似乎有助于抑制与衰老
A.Volunteers cannot be good at exercising. , “
相关的肌肉细胞健康下降 contain 是 抑制 的含
B.All volunteers must have the same baseline. ,……”, “ ”
义 故选B
C.It was carried out among the youth of different sexes. , 。
难句分析 原句:In fact, older peoples cells responded in
D.Volunteers received a random particular exercise program.
some waysmorestronglytointenseexercisethanthecellsofthe
3.How does the author develop Paragraph
3? young did—suggesting, he says, that it is never too late to
A.By analyzing every groups different data.
benefit from exercise.
B.By comparing every groups training time.
分析:本句中 than 引导比较状语从句,此外,suggesting
C.By listing every groups different training.
后的that引导宾语从句。
D.By describing every groups training results.
译文:他说,事实上,老年人的细胞在某些方面对高强度
4.What can be inferred from Paragraph
4? 运动的反应比年轻人的细胞更强烈,这表明从运动中获益永
A.The experiment did not get expected results.
远不会太晚。
B.Riding exercise bikes has no influence on the volunteers.
C.Weight lifting is the most useful training among these Passage23 词数435
An ⁃year⁃old boy I know is small for his age shorter and
exercises. 8 ,
slighter than his friends even smaller than his ⁃year⁃old sister.
D.Interval training brings stronger influence to the elder than , 5
Concerned about the increasing use and possible risks of growth
to the youth.
hormones 生长激素 I asked his mother if shed considered
5.Which can replace the underlined word contain ( ),
“ ”? treating him withit. Shereplied Notreally. Hesbuiltlikehis
A.change B.stop C.record D.cause ,“
father who was short and slight as a boy and didnt shoot up
答案 ,
until college.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文 主题语境是人与自然 主 ”
。 , His father at isnow feettall thoughstillveryslender.
题语境内容为自然科学研究成果 一项研究表明 某些类型 , 41, 6 ,
。 , Herecallsbeingareasonablyathleticchildbutwithoutthephysical
的运动可能会消除一些时间对我们线粒体的影响
。 power of his friends making up for what he lackedinheight with
,
speed and agility. I enjoyed competitive sports and worked on
“
skills others didnt have hetoldme andsaidhe encouragedhis
,” ,
son to recognize and capitalize on the skills he has.
专题十 主旨要义 3 93
If only every parent with a short but healthy child 方式帮助孩子长高的社会现象 这反映出了社会上目前存在
,
approached the matter as sensibly. Experts estimate that % to 的身高偏见
60 。
% of children who are small for their age do not have a 1.C 推理判断题 根据第三段第一句 If only every parent
80 。
growth hormone deficiency 缺乏 or other medical condition with a short but healthy child approached the matter as
( )
that limits growth. But knowing theres a therapy available to sensibly. 如果每个矮小但健康的孩子的父母都能如此明
(
increase height some parents seek a medical solution for a 智地对待这件事就好了 可推知 作者的态度是支持的
, 。) , 。
perceived problem even when there is no medical abnormality. 2.A 细节理解题 根据第四段中的 Now more and more
, 。 , ,
They should also know however that new research has linked theyre focused on height. They want growth hormones
, , ,
growth hormone treatment to serious unfavorable health effects looking for a specific height.可知 现在家长越来越关注身
,
years later. 高 他们希望通过生长激素得到预期的结果 让孩子长
, (
Dr. Adda Grimberg a doctor at Childrens Hospital of 高
, )。
Philadelphia recalled that Twenty years ago families were 3.B 细节理解题 根据最后一段第二句 Experts have noted
, “ , 。
focused on health. They came in with a child who was not that the practice backs up the belief that short stature is
growing right and wanted to know if there was an underlying unacceptable leading to an increasing demand for therapy.可
,
disease. Now more and more theyre focused on height. They 知 这种做法证实了个子矮是不可接受的想法 导致了越来
, , , ,
want growthhormones lookingforaspecific height. Butthisis 越多的治疗需求 即生长激素治疗可能会加深大家对身高
, ,
not like online shopping you cant just place an order and make 的歧视
; 。
a child the height you want. 4.D 主旨要义题 文章提出了许多家长希望通过生长激素
” 。
In the Food and Drug Administration approved use 治疗的方式来帮助孩子长高的现象 指出了这可能带来的
2003, ,
ofrecombinanthumangrowthhormonesfortheconditionknown 问题 认为家长不应该滥用生长激素 D项 权衡生长激素
, 。 (
as idiopathic short stature or short build of the unknown 的使用 符合文章主旨
“ ”, ) 。
cause which is not a disease. But it has caused a growing Passage24 词数344
,
number ofparentstoconsiderusingthegrowthhormonetoboost Ida Nelson and her sister were
the height of their children. relaxing and enjoying themselves in the
The resulting rush to therapy reflects concerns about a sauna 桑拿室 whensheheardaseries
( )
widespread societalbias 偏见 againstshortness ratherthana of longlowsoundsfromasmallairplane
( ) ,
true medical need. Experts have noted that the practice backs up circling the nearby airport.
the belief that short stature is unacceptable leading to an Itwas atnightintheAlaskan
ATV
, 11:30
increasing demand for therapy. It is far better Dr. Grimberg village of Igiugig population about
, , 70,
suggested tohelpashortchilddevelopcopingskillsthantobuy and as she told the reporter Any time a plane flies over that
, , , “
inches through medicine. late you know something is wrong.
, ”
1.Asfortheparentsattitudetotheir ⁃year⁃oldboysshortness Nelson and her sister leaped out of the sauna ran to the
8 , ,
the author is . window and saw the problem The airports runway lights
, :
A.critical B.tolerant C.supportive D.worried were out.
2.Howdomanyparentstodayreacttotheirchildrensshortness Nelson threw on some clothes jumped into her ATV and
? , ,
A.They are eager to get the expected result. floored it to the airport where she found a local pilot trying to
,
B.They spare no effort to sort out the cause. turn on the lights manually.
C.They feel disturbed by their childrens health. Normally if you push the button or times the
“ , 10 15 ,
D.They help develop their childrens coping skills. lights will justlightup NelsontoldKTOOoutofJuneau. Not
,”
3.What can we learn about the growth hormone treatment this time. Meanwhile she and the pilot learned of the planes
? ,
A.It might be officially recommended. urgent mission It was a medevac 医疗救护直升机 there to
: ( ),
B.It may fuel height discrimination. transport a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital
, 280
C.It is pushed by a medical need. miles away in Anchorage.
D.It is targeted at certain diseases. Nelson had a plan. Driving her ATV to the end of the
runway she shone her headlights for the plane to follow. Great
4.Which would be the best title for this passage
,
?
idea but it wasnt enough. More light was needed so a
A.Shower the Short with Growth Hormones
, ,
neighbor called nearly every home in the village of them.
B.Find the Replacement for Growth Hormones
—32
Within minutes vehiclesarrivedattheairport manyof
C.Assess the Effects of Growth Hormones
20 ,20 ,
the drivers still in pajamas 睡衣 . Following the direction from
D.Weigh the Use of Growth Hormones
( )
the medevac pilot the cars lined up on one side of the runway.
答案
,
The medevac made its final approach and guided by the
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会 主题语境内容是
,
,
headlights landedsafely. Theyoungpatientwasloadedontothe
社会热点问题 文章提出了许多家长通过生长激素治疗的 ,
。
3 94 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
aircraft and the plane immediately took off again. Her illness Dynamics at ETH Zurich promises to enhance the search and
, ,
was never publicly revealed but she has since been released rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical
,
from the hospital. systems theory and ocean data the team has developed an
,
In a world filled with uncertainty the little communitys algorithm 算法 topredictwhereobjectsandpeoplefloatingin
, ( )
positive activism was a big deal. Not so much for Nelson. As the water will go. Our work has a clear potential to save
“
she told the reporter in Igiugig coming together is kind of a lives says Mattia Serra the first author of a study recently
, , “ ,” ,
normal deal. published in Nature Communications.
”
1.What problem did the medevac have In todays rescue operations at sea complicated models of
? ,
A.It arrived late. ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the
B.Its lights were broken. path of floating objects. For fast⁃changing coastal waters
,
C.It couldnt land safely. however such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain
,
D.It needed a local pilot. boundaries and missing data. As a result a search may be
,
2.What was Nelsons plan to help launched in the wrong location causing a loss of precious time.
? ,
A.Helping the pilot to repair the lights. Hallers research team obtained mathematical results
B.Calling her neighbors to help together. predicting that objects floating on the oceans surface should
C.Shining the headlights for the plane to follow. gather along a few special curves 曲线 which they call
( )
D.Sending the seriously ill girl to the hospital in her ATV. TRansient Attracting Profiles TRAPs . These curves cant be
( )
3.What does the story intend to tell us seen withoureyesbutcanbe trackedfrom instantoceansurface
?
A.Knowledge starts with practice. current datausingrecentmathematicalmethodsdevelopedbythe
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed. ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search
C.Nothing is impossible to the man who will try. paths thatarelesssensitive touncertaintiesinthetimeandplace
D.A small act of kindness can make a big difference. of the accident.
答案 In cooperationwithateamfromMIT theETHteamtested
,
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会 主题语境内容是 their new TRAP⁃based search algorithm in two separate ocean
, ,
社会交往 文章讲述了Ida Nelson和她的妹妹以及当地居民 experiments near Marthas Vineyard which is on the
。 ,
帮助医疗救护直升机安全着陆 把重病的女孩送到医院的 northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same
,
故事 real⁃time data available to the Coast Guard the team
。 ,
1.C 细节理解题 根据第三段 Nelson and her sister leaped successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real time. They
。
out of the sauna ran to the window and saw the problem found that buoys and manikins 浮标和人体模型 thrown in
, , : ( )
The airportsrunwaylightswereout. 第四段Nelsonthrewon the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves.
,
some clothes jumped into her ATV and floored it to the Of several competing approaches tested in this project this
, , “ ,
airport where she found a local pilot trying to turn on the was the only algorithm that consistently found the right
,
lights manually.以及倒数第二段第一句 The medevac made location says Haller.
,”
its final approach and guided by the headlights landed Our results are rapidly obtained easy to interpret and
, , “ ,
safely.可知 由于机场跑道的灯熄灭了 导致医疗救护直升 cheap to perform points out Serra. Haller stresses Our hope
, , ,” ,“
机无法安全着陆 is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of
。
2.C 细节理解题 根据第六段第一 二句Nelson had a plan. coast guards everywhere.
。 、 ”
Driving her ATV to the end of the runway she shone her 1.In a search and rescue operation .
, ,
headlights fortheplanetofollow.可知 Nelson计划帮忙的方 A.the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours
,
式是打开全地形车的前灯 让飞机跟着过来 B.the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location
, 。
3.D 主旨要义题 根据最后一段第一句 In a world filled C.weather conditions are a determining factor
。
with uncertainty the little communitys positive activism was D.changing currents present a challenge
,
a big deal.可知 一个小小的善举也可以带来巨大的影响 2.What is the distinct feature of the new algorithm
, 。 ?
Passage25 词数420 A.It relies on ocean dynamics.
Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and B.It tracks the path of the curves.
airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue C.It stops the uncertainties of the accident.
those in the water because the probability of finding a person D.It figures out how tides change over time.
alive fall dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and 3.Paragraph mainly talks about .
5
challenging weather conditions unsteady coastal currents often A.the collection of data
,
make search and rescue operations extremely difficult. B.the testing of the algorithm
New insight into coastal flows gained by an international C.the identification of the TRAPs
research team led by George Haller Professor of Nonlinear D.the cooperation of two research teams
,
专题十 主旨要义 3 95
4.What is the best title for the passage But is the psychologically rich life one that people actually
?
A.Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations have Fallen want
?
B.Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue Operations In a new study Oishi and his colleagues asked people in
,
C.How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea nine countries the degree to which they value a psychologically
D.How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives rich life a happy life and a meaningful life. They found many
,
答案 peoples self⁃described ideal lives involve psychological
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会 主题语境内容是 richness. When forced to choose a life however the majority
, , ,
科学研究 文章介绍了通过使用数学算法在海上挽救生命 chose a happylifeandameaningfullife. Evenso aminorityof
。 ,
的方式 people still favored the psychologically rich life ranging from
。 ,
1.D 细节理解题 根据第一段最后一句 Beyond tides and . % in Singapore to . % in Germany.
。 67 168
challenging weather conditions unsteady coastal currents These numbers went up when the desire for a
,
often makesearchandrescue operationsextremelydifficult.可 psychologically rich life was measured indirectly. To understand
知 在搜救行动中 变化的水流是一项挑战 what apersonwishestheirlivesmighthavebeen itisimportant
, , 。 ,
2.B 细节理解题 根据第四段第二句These curves cant be to explore what people wish they had avoided in their lives.
。
seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean When asked what they regret most and whether undoing this
surface current data using recent mathematical methods event would have made their lives happier more meaningful or
,
developed by the ETH team.可知 新算法能追踪到曲线的 psychologically richer about % of Americans said undoing
, , 28
路径 theregrettableeventwouldhavemadetheirlivespsychologically
。
3.B 主旨要义题 根据第五段第一句 In cooperation with a richer.
。
team fromMIT theETHteamtestedtheirnew TRAP⁃based These findings suggest that while most people strive to be
, ,
search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near happy and have meaning in their lives a sizable number of
,
Marthas Vineyard which is on the northeastern coast of the peoplearecontentmerelylivingapsychologicallyrichexistence.
,
United States.可知 第五段主要讲述算法的测试 As Oishi and his colleagues conclude We believe that
, 。 , “
4.C 主旨要义题 文章第一段首句交代了全文背景 即每 taking the psychologically rich life seriously will deepen and
。 ,
年成百上千的人因事故死于海中 根据第二段内容可知 enrich our understanding of well⁃being. At the end of the day
。 , ” ,
数学算法可以预测人或物体在海中的漂流路径 由此可 there is no one singularly acceptable path to the good life. You
。
知 这篇文章主要讲述如何通过使用数学方法在海上挽救 have to find a path that works best for you.
,
生命 1. According to the passage the psychologically rich
。 ,
Passage26 词数459 life .
What does it mean to live a good life This question has A.means living a luxurious life
?
been debated forcenturies. Inthefieldofpsychology twomain B.involves various intense emotions
,
concepts of the good life have been quite popular A happy life C.combines pleasure with purpose
:
fullofpleasureandpositiveemotions andameaningfullifefull D.emphasizes openness and repetition
,
of purpose and sacrifice. But what if these arent the only 2.What does Oishis research indicate
?
options A.The Germans prefer psychological richness to a happy life.
?
In recent years a long⁃neglected version of the good life B.Undoing regrettable events has enriched many peoples
,
has beenreceivinggreaterattention thepsychologicallyrichlife. lives.
:
Itisfullofcomplexmentalengagement awiderangeofintense
C.A hidden desire for psychological richness exists among
,
and deep emotions and diverse novel surprising and
some people.
, , ,
interesting experiences. Sometimes they are neither pleasant nor
D.People with psychological richness tend to describe their
meaningful. However they are rarely boring or monotonous.
lives as ideal.
,
After all both happy and meaningful lives can become
3.We can learn from the passage that .
,
monotonous and repetitive. A person with a steady office job
A.purpose outweighs pleasure in terms of significance
,
married with children may be satisfied and find his or her life
B.the choice of a good life differs from person to person
,
meaningful andstillbebored. Also thepsychologicallyrichlife
C.a positive mindset helps us understand our well⁃being
,
doesnt necessarily involve economic richness. For instance
D.we should never be content and always strive for the best
,
consider Hesses character Goldmund who has no money but
,
4.What is the main purpose of the article
?
pursues the life of a free spirit.
A.To compare different concepts of a good life.
Research hasfoundpsychologicalrichnessisrelatedto but
B.To explain how to live a psychologically rich life.
,
partially distinct from both happy and meaningful lives.
, C.To persuade people to attain psychological richness.
Psychological richnessisrelatedwithopennesstoexperienceand
D.To draw attention to a less familiar version of a good life.
experiencingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsmoreintensely.
3 96 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
答案 was their first night at the shelter and her child had a birthday.
,
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境为人与自我 主题语境内容为 We had an extra gift for her pink headphones. The little girl
, —
积极的生活态度 人们通常将美好的生活定义为充满愉悦 was so excited. And her mom...shes crying. I never imagined
。 ‘
和积极情绪的快乐生活 或是充满毅力和牺牲的有意义的生 we would ever need to be in a shelter. I didnt know what to
,
活 但其实心理丰富的生活也是美好的生活 expect. ButIreallydidntexpectabirthdaypartyformychild.
, 。 ’
1.B 细节理解题 根据第二段第二句 It is full of complex she cried with happiness.
。 ”
mental engagement a wide range of intense and deep Doing her best to normalize these kids lives is both
,
emotions and diverse novel surprising and interesting heartwarming andbittersweet Marysays. Ifyoulookoutside
, , , , “ ,
experiences.可知 心理丰富的生活包含了各种强烈的情感 you will see homeless people after homeless people on the
, 。
2.C 细节理解题 根据第五段第二句 They found many street and it reminds you that these kids dont get to leave this
。 ,
peoples self⁃described ideal lives involve psychological area after the party.
”
richness.以及第七段 These findings suggest that while most It may be why after throwing parties she still cries
, 88 ,
people strive to be happy and have meaning in their lives a after each one. She credits the kids in the shelter with helping
,
sizable number of people are content merely living a her holdontohope. Wedidntrealizehowmuchjoytheywere
“
psychologically rich existence.可知 Oishi 的调查显示 有相 going to bring us she told CBS News. And it was so
, , ,” “
当一部分人隐藏着一种对心理丰富的生活的渴望 comforting for both kids and us.
。 ”
3.B 推理判断题 根据第五段最后两句 When forced to 1.In Skid Row hundreds of kids .
。 ,
choose a life however the majority chose a happy life and a A.are homeless
, ,
meaningful life. Evenso aminorityofpeoplestillfavoredthe B.lose their parents
,
psychologically rich life ranging from . % in Singapore to C.drop out of school
, 6 7
. % in Germany.可推知 对于好的生活的选择是因人而 D.are crazy about parties
168 ,
异的 2.How do the couple help the kids
。 ?
4.D 主旨要义题 第一段提出关于美好生活的两个主要概 A.They raise much money.
。
念一直很流行 一个是充满愉悦和积极情绪的快乐生活 一 B.They rent many houses.
: ,
个是充满毅力和牺牲的有意义的生活 但随后马上提出问 C.They host birthday parties.
。
题But what if these arent the only options 由此引出了一 D.They make birthday presents.
?
种与传统概念不相同的生活 心理丰富的生活 所以这 3.According to the passage which can best describe Mary
——— , , ?
篇文章的主要目的是让人们注意到这种不太熟悉的美好 A.Honest and generous. B.Caring and generous.
生活 C.Outgoing and caring. D.Outgoing and honest.
。
Passage27 词数384 4.What does the story intend to tell us
?
The Party of Their Lives A.Well begun half done.
,
In Los Angeless Skid Row there are hundreds of children B.East or west home is best.
, ,
living on the streets or in shelters. Its a place where dreams go C.What goes around comes around.
to die. Butone coupleisdeterminedtouse theirownexperience D.Where there is love there is hope.
,
with loss to foster a sense of hope. 答案
In Mary Green and her husband lost their first [语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会 主题语境内容是
2013, ,
unborn kid. Refusing to let the heartbreak break them they 公益事业与志愿服务 一对夫妻在失去自己的孩子后 决定
, 。 ,
became volunteers in a Skid Row homeless shelter. They found 把对孩子的爱转移到其他无家可归的孩子身上 让这些孩子
,
that many ofthekidstherehadneverhadasinglebirthdayparty 感受到爱和希望
。
before so they decided to throw a birthday party for those 1.A 细节理解题 根据第一段第一句In Los Angeless Skid
, 。
homeless kids. They found a room in the Union Rescue Mission Row there are hundreds of children living on the streets or in
,
and filled it with streamers gifts and a cake. The kids were so shelters.可知 数百名儿童无家可归
, , 。
excited that they made their own music singing and clapping 2.C 细节理解题 根据第二段第三句They found that many
— 。
and of course laughing. of the kids there had never had a single birthday party before
, , ,
Since then the couple have thrown a party each and every so they decided to throw a birthday party for those homeless
,
month. Theyroutinelyattract kidsandtheirparents. Anhour kids.可知 这对夫妇决定通过举办生日派对的方式来帮助
250 ,
beforeeachparty volunteersarrivetosetupthedecorationsand 这些孩子
, 。
activities face painting balloon artists a DJ cake and pizza. 3.B 推理判断题 根据第五段第一句 Doing her best to
: , , , , 。
There are small presents for the kids celebrating their birthdays normalize these kids lives is both heartwarming and
,
but the Greens make sure there are more than enough to go bittersweet Mary says.及最后一段第一句 It may be why
, ,
around. after throwing parties she still cries after each one.可推
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I remember a mom came with her kid Mary says. It 知 玛丽是一个关爱他人 慷慨的人
“ ,” “ , 、 。
专题十 主旨要义 3 97
4.D 主旨要义题 根据第一段 In Los Angeless Skid Row senseofhope.以及后文对这对夫妇的所作所为的讲述可知
。 , ,
there are hundreds of children living on the streets or in 这对夫妇通过他们的行为 尽量让这些孩子感受到爱和希望
, 。
shelters. Itsaplacewheredreamsgotodie. Butonecoupleis 因此这个故事要告诉我们 哪里有爱 哪里就有希望
“ , ”。
determined to use their own experience with loss to foster a
学生用书P185
Passage1(20215·3原创题) 2.According to Anand Chockalingam .
,
Many diseases and medical conditions are caused by things A.the patients who smile can get altered
out of our control. Yet experts say you can control and even B.smiling can add to physical and emotional stress
prevent many of the factors that increase your chances of dying. C.physical and emotional stress must have bad effects
Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk D.when people smile there will be positive chemicals produced
,
of heart disease and strokes. Poor diet having too much body 3.Which of the following statements is reasonable
, ?
fat and a lack of physical exercise all increase your risk of heart A.When you feel stressed the body releases many beneficial
,
disease so can using tobacco products and drinking too much hormones.
—
alcohol. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods get exercise B.The stress hormones may lead to different results good
, , ,
stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is or bad.
something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile C.Heart attacks and strokes cause death.
!
Anand Chockalingam is a heart disease specialist at D.The smiling patients are foolish.
University of Missouri Health Care in Columbia Missouri. He 4.The best title for the passage is .
,
advises his patients to smile. When we smile the brain wiring A.Smiling Makes You Relaxed
“ ,
gets altered. The chemicals that are released are more positive. B.Stop Leading the Unhealthy Life
”
He says smiling is a first step in fighting physical and emotional C.One Way That Can Prevent You from Heart Attacks
stress and sometimes the stress has harmful effects on human D. One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your
health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support Heart Smile
—
Dr. Chockalingams prescription smile more. 答案
—
Disorders of the heart and blood vessels 血管 are the 1.B
( )
number onecauseofdeatharoundtheworld. Themaincausesof 2.D
heart attacks and strokes are blockages in blood vessels. These 3.B
prevent blood from flowing to the heart or the brain. When you 4.D
feel stressed or under pressure your body releases many natural Passage2(20215·3原创题)
,
hormones 激素 that increase your heart rate and blood If you haveeverfeltsickatthebackofabusorafteraboat
( )
pressure. Cortisolisthebodysmainstresshormone. Itincreases cruise then you might have experienced motion sickness. The
,
sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger these conditions most common symptoms are dizziness headaches
, , ,
hormones can helpyou. Theyare partofwhatwecallourfight⁃ sweating and vomiting.
or⁃flight response. However when you are stressed for a long Humans havent always experienced this reaction.
,
period these stress hormones may lead to health problems. According to Fred Mast a professor at the University of Bern
, , ,
Dr. Chockalingamsaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelp. He motion sickness began to affect us when we created vehicles for
tells hispatientstosmile timesanhour. Tosome thatmight getting to places faster. Our bodies were not prepared for it
20 , “ ,”
seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish... he says explaining that human⁃made acceleration creates a
,
smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve disturbance between our vestibular system 前庭系统 which
( ),
drugs. It is free and it has no bad side effects. is responsible for controlling balance and our vision. While
,
Once people smile they are relaxed. This relaxation travelling on a boat or in a car you may not be watching the
“ , ,
directly lowers blood pressure and improves sugar levels in the movement ofthevehicle butyourvestibularsystemregistersit.
, ,
blood. If we are smiling we are breaking that link between Since thehumanbrainhasnotevolvedenoughyettoresolvethat
,
stress and health. conflict it leads to motion sickness. Motion sickness can also
” ,
1.The author aims to through the first paragraph. strike when there is simulated acceleration such as in some
,
A.show some factors that can increase the chance of dying video games or movie scenes in the theatre that make the
B.introduceafreeandeasywaytocontrolthefactorsofdying viewers brain think its moving when its not.
C.show the importance of leading a healthy lifestyle While one in three people experiences motion sickness at
D.stop people from drinking too much alcohol some time certain people are more easily affected. These
,
3 98 5年高考3年模拟 B版(教师用书)
include children and young adults according to a German D.The evolution of humans brains.
: (
survey halfofthoseundertheageof reportbeingaffected 3.Who are more likely to suffer motion sickness
, 30 ); ?
patients and women. A.The old. B.The young.
;
Sufferers can avoid motion sickness by making changes to C.The male. D.The hungry.
howtheytravel.Forinstance sittingfacingforwardatthefrontof 4.What can be done to avoid motion sickness while travelling
, ?
a bus allows you to see the movement. Sitting in the middle of a A.Closing eyes to feel the movement.
boat or next to the wing of an airplane will reduce the amount of B.Sitting close to the bus driver.
movement you feel. Staying away from alcohol and heavy meals C.Filling the stomach before a boat trip.
ahead of car boat or plane trips can also be helpful. D.Choosing a middle seat in the airplane.
,
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword simulated inParagraph mean 答案
“ ” 2 ?
A.Fake. B.Sudden. C.Frequent. D.Visible. 1.A
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about 2.B
?
A.The symptoms of motion sickness. 3.B
B.The cause of motion sickness. 4.B
C.The function of the vestibular system.