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07 高考语法填空抢分热点之名词
一、考点精讲
名词的考点包括名词的单复数、不可数名词和名词所有格,尤其是名词复数更为常见。
1. 掌握名词复数的变化规则,尤其一些不规则的变化。例如:human(人)—humans;
German(德国人)—Germans;Roman(罗马人)—Romans;ox(公牛)—oxen;passer-by
(过路人)—passers-by;grown-up(成年人)—grown-ups;stomach(胃)—stomachs;roof
(屋顶)—roofs。
2. 不可数名词无复数形式,作主语谓语动词用单数第三人称。例如:The food is terrible.(食
物很糟糕。)
3. 单数名词后面加’变成名词所有格,以 s结尾的名词变所有格时只加’。例如:It’s two
hours’ walk.(它是两小时的路程。)
二、高考题经典解读
1.(2023 年新高考 II 卷)Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new
pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more
comfortable and ____57___ (confidence) speaking English.
【答案】56. arrival;57. confident
【解析】56.考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到
来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,
空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词 before 的宾语,arrive 的名词形式是
arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。
57.考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,
我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前
文的 comfortable 并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence 的形容词形式是
confident。故填confident。
2. (2023 年新高考 II 卷)They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English
with international journalists.
【答案】interviews
【解析】
考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,
应用复数形式。故填interviews。
3.The rolling sea of clouds(翻滚的云海)you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny
we _______(human)are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:一旦你到达山顶,你看到的滚滚云海会提醒你我们人类是多
么渺小。根据空后的谓语动词are可知,设空处用名词复数,作we的同位语。human的复数
是humans。故答案为humans。
4.Chinese is a ___________(celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of
spring.
【答案】celebration考查名词。句意:中国人庆祝冬去春来。根据空前的a可知,设空处用名
词单数,所给词celebrate的名词是celebration。故答案为celebration。
5.Filled with___________(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意:满怀好奇,艺术家收拾好行李离开了。介词 with后面用名词作宾
语,curious的名词是curiosity,意为“好奇心”。故答案为curiosity。
6.Recent __________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks
regularly.
【答案】studies
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:最近的研究表明,如果我们经常休息一会儿,我们的工作效
率会高得多。所给词 study 是可数名词,意为“研究”,空后的谓语动词是一般现在时
show,说明主语应用名词复数。故答案为studies。
三、实战演练
1. Any smell might attract natural ______(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.
【答案】enemies
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:任何气味都可能吸引试图吃掉小熊猫的天敌。enemy是可数
名词,此处表示“吸引了自然界的敌人”,所以 enemy 要用复数形式 enemies。故答案为
enemies。
2. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
_______(compete)to watch ,together with the story behind it.【答案】competition
【解析】考查名词。句意:当他们没有工作的时候,他们会邀请我们参加当地的活动,并告
诉我们有什么有趣的比赛可以观看,以及比赛背后的故事。空前的interesting是形容词,修饰
名词,再根据空前的 an 可知,设空处用单数名词,所给词 compete 是动词,其名词是
competition。故答案为competition。
3. This switch has decreased _______(pollute)in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and
made drinking water safer for people.
【答案】pollution
【解析】考查不可数名词。句意:这一转变减少了该国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮
用水更安全。及物动词decrease意为“减少,降低”,后跟名词作宾语,所给词 pollute的名
词是pollution,且为不可数名词,无复数形式。故答案为pollution。
4. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our ______(different)unite , rather than divide us.
【答案】differences
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:当我们学会让我们“求同异存”,而不是“分崩离析”,我
们就能取得很多成就。our是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,此处指“我们的差异”,所以用
名词复数,different的名词是difference。故答案为differences。
5. It’s ten ______(minute)walk.
【答案】minutes’
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:这是十分钟的路程。根据 ten 可知,minute 用复数
minutes,以s结尾的名词变所有格时只用“’”。故答案为minutes’。
四、优秀模拟试卷之语法填空精选
(一)
Though many Western nations refer to the Lunar New Year(Spring Festival)as Chinese New
Year,bear in mind___1___it's celebrated not just in Chinese communities all over the world but
other Asian nations such as Vietnam and the ROK.
Countries that observe Lunar New Year often offer three to seven days of public holidays but
___2___(celebrate)aren't complete until the 15th day of the first lunar month,also known as the
Lantern Festival.
Families tend ___3___( have)different sets of rules and traditions,but most will bless each
other with auspicious (吉祥的)words like "shen ti jian kang" (wish you good health). There___4___(be)plenty of other rules and customs attached to the Lunar New Year. ___5___
instance,don't wash or cut your hair on the first day of the new year.The Chinese character for hair
is the first character in the word for prosperity (成功).Therefore,washing or cutting it off
___6___(see)as washing your fortune away.You'll also want to avoid ___7___(purchase)
footwear for the entire lunar month,as the term for shoes(haai)sounds like losing and sighing in
Cantonese.Do,however,wear red.It's associated with luck ____8__prosperity.
Throughout the festival,hosts will prepare candy boxes and snacks for their guests.Married couples
are expected to hand out red packets ____9__(ill)with money to children and unmarried adults to
wish ___10___(they)good luck.
【答案】
1. that 2. celebrations 3. to have 4. are 5. For
6. is seen 7. purchasing 8. and/or 9. filled 10. them
【解析】
1. that考查宾语从句。句意:尽管许多西方国家把农历新年(春节)称为中国新年,但要记
住,不仅全世界的华人社区都庆祝春节,越南和韩国等其他亚洲国家也庆祝春节。bear in
mind空后是宾语从句,从句中不缺少成分,意义完整,只缺少引导词所以应用that引导。故
答案为that。
2. celebrations 考查名词复数和主谓一致。句意:庆祝农历新年的国家通常会提供三到七天的
公共假期,但庆祝活动要到正月十五才结束,也就是元宵节。此处作主语应用名词,且谓语
动词be是are,所以主语应为名词复数,所给词 celebrate是动词,其名词是celebration,复数
为celebrations。故答案为celebrations。
3. to have 考查非谓语动词。句意:家庭往往有不同的规则和传统,但大多数会用吉祥的话来
祝福彼此,比如“身体健康”(祝你身体健康)。固定搭配:tend to do sth.意为“倾向做某事”。
故答案为to have。
4. are 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意:农历新年还有很多其他的规矩和习俗。此处在描
述客观事实,所以应用一般现在时,主语为复数 rules and customs,所以be动词应用are。故
答案为are。
5. For 考查介词和固定搭配。句意:例如,不要在新年的第一天洗头发或剪头发。固定搭配:
for instance意为“例如”。句首单词首字母应大写。故答案为For。
6. is seen 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:因此,洗头发或剪头发视为洗走你的财富。动词see和主语“washing or cutting it off”之间是被动关系,此处在描述客观事实,所以应用一
般现在时的被动语态,且动名词短语作主语,所以谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。故答案为is
seen。
7. purchasing 考查非谓语动词。句意:你也要避免在整个农历月份购买鞋子,因为鞋子
(haai)这个词在广东话里听起来像失落和叹息。固定搭配:avoid doing意为“避免做某事”,
是动名词作宾语。故答案为purchasing。
8. and/or 考查连词。句意:它与幸运和/或繁荣有关。luck和prosperity可以使并列或选择关
系,所以可用连词and或or。故填and/or。
9. filled 考查过去分词。句意:已婚夫妇要向孩子和未婚成年人分发装满钱的红包,祝他们好
运。固定搭配:be filled with意为“装满……的”;句中are expected是谓语动词,所以所给
词fill应是非谓语动词,且red packets和动词fill之间是被动关系,是过去分词作后置定语。
故答案为filled。
10. them 考查代词。句意:已婚夫妇要向孩子和未婚成年人分发装满钱的红包,祝他们好运。
句中wish 是及物动词,后应用代词they的宾格them作宾语。故答案为them。
(二)
Why was the ox chosen to be one of the 12 Chinese zodiac signs(生肖)?
Centuries ago,most people earned their living___1___ farming.The ox was used to help plow,
cultivate and carry heavy goods.
The ox has long had a significant place in Chinese culture.Ancient Chinese poets and writers
frequently ___2___(describe) the ox in literature.In the Classic of Poetry,the oldest existing
collection of Chinese poetry,the animal was mentioned in 9 out of the 305 ___3___(piece).The
ox is considered a symbol of diligence and earnestness in Chinese culture.To this day,the phrase
"the spirit of ox" still refers to conquering anything ___4___ may present itself as an obstacle.The
spirit is highly praised and many people follow ____5___ as their work ethic.When someone
achieves a great ____6___(accomplish) through hard work,people often use "niu",___7___
(mean) "awesome",to describe him or her.
Oxen seldom bully the weak or fear the strong.They work hard and make sacrifices.This is reflected
in the poem Self-mockery ___8____(write) by Lu Xun,who praises the ox's attitude of
___9___(serve)without complaining.
So naturally,those who were born in the Year of the Ox are often expected to be hardworking,____10___(rely)and loyal.
【答案】
1.by 2.described 3.pieces 4.that 5.it
6.accomplishment 7.meaning 8.written 9.serving 10.reliable
【解析】
1.by 考查介词。句意:几个世纪以前,大多数人以务农为生。介词by后面用动名词作宾语,
by doing sth.“通过做某事”。故答案为by。
2.described 考查一般过去时态。句意:中国古代诗人和作家经常在文学作品中描写牛。根据
Ancient 可知,这里在叙述过去发生的事,句子用一般过去时态。故答案为described。
3.pieces 考查名词复数。句意:在现存最古老的中国诗歌集《诗经》中,305首诗中有9首提
到了动物。根据前面的数字305可知,所给词piece用复数形式。故答案为pieces。
4.that 考查定语从句。句意:直到今天,“牛精神”这个短语仍然指征服任何可能成为障碍
的东西。分析句子结构anything ____4___ may present itself as an obstacle可知,空后定语从句
缺少引导词和主语,空前不定代词 anything是先行词,所以定语从句只能由 that引导。故答
案为that。
5.it 考查it的用法。句意:这种精神受到高度赞扬,许多人把它作为他们的工作原则。此处
用it指代前面的单数名词The spirit,作动词follow的宾语。故答案为it。
6.accomplishment 考查名词。句意:当一个人通过努力工作取得巨大成就时,人们通常用
“牛”来形容他或她,意思是“令人敬畏的,极佳的”。根据空前的 a great可知,此处用单
数名词,所给词accomplish是动词,其名词是accomplishment。故答案为accomplishment。
7.meaning 考查非谓语动词。句意:当一个人通过努力工作取得巨大成就时,人们通常用
“牛”来形容他或她,意思是“令人敬畏的,极佳的”。句中use是谓语动词,所以mean是
非谓语动词,且和主语 people 之间是主动关系,是现在分词作伴随状语。故答案为
meaning。
8.written 考查非谓语动词。句意:这在鲁迅的诗《自嘲》中就有体现,诗中赞美了牛不怨无
悔的服事态度。 is reflected 是谓语动词,所给动词write是非谓语动词,且和the poem Self-
mockery之间是被动关系,是过去分词作后置定语。故答案为written。
9.serving 考查非谓语动词。句意:这在鲁迅的诗《自嘲》中就有体现,诗中赞美了牛不怨无
悔的服事态度。which引导的定语从句中praises是谓语动词,所以动词serve是非谓语动词,
介词of后面用动名词作宾语。故答案为serving。10.reliable 考查形容词。句意:因此,牛年出生的人通常被期望勤奋、可靠和忠诚。be动词
后用形容词作表语,所给词rely是动词,其形容词是reliable,与形容词hardworking和loyal
并列。故答案为reliable。
(三)
The rise in children's screen time has brought about calls for___1___( great) interaction and
more outdoor exercise to improve learning and guard ___2___the spread of shortsightedness.
Time spent online ___3___(increase) dramatically in the past years.Millions of pupils have been
forced ___4___ (switch) to remote learning,according to Qustodio software,___5___tracks
usage of devices by children aged4 to 15 in the UK,US and Spain.
One area of concern is eyesight.More occurrence of children's nearsightedness is likely caused by
children being kept at home with schoolwork delivered online.It is uncertain ___6___the rise is
caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors,but previous studies have suggested
daylight ___7___(expose) is key.
Another concern is about sleep problems among children.It is definitely clinically significant.There's
evidence that shows a sharp increase in children with sleep problems.A number of ___8___
(factor) may account for it,with increased screen time being ___9___.
Parents also worry about the impact of too much screen time on children's mental and emotional
development.Instead of interactions with their class,spending hours ___10___(passive) sitting
in front of a screen may lead to stress and other mental health problems.
【答案】
1. greater 2. against 3. has increased 4. to switch 5.which
6. whether 7. exposure 8. factors 9. one 10. passively
【解析】
1. greater 考查比较级。句意:随着儿童屏幕时间的增加,人们呼吁加强互动和更多的户外
运动,以提高学习和防止近视的蔓延。根据 and 可知,此处和下文中的"more outdoor
exercise"并列,所以要用形容词的比较级。故答案为greater。
2.against 考查介词。句意:随着儿童屏幕时间的增加,人们呼吁加强互动和更多的户外运动,
以提高学习和防止近视的蔓延。固定短语:guard against意为“防止,提防”,其中 against
是介词;根据句意可知,此处表示“防止”近视。故答案为against。
3.has increased 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几年里,花在网上的时间急剧增加。根据时间状语in the past years可知,上网时间增加这一动作发生在过去,持续到现在,有可
能继续持续下去,所以用现在完成时,且主语为Time,是不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用第
三人称单数形式。故答案为has increased。
4.to switch 考查动词不定式。句意:Qustodio软件跟踪了英国、美国和西班牙4至15岁儿童
对电子设备的使用情况,该软件显示,数百万学生被迫转向远程学习。固定短语:force sb. to
do sth.意为“强迫某人做某事”;be forced to do sth.意为“被迫做某事”。故答案为 to
switch。
5.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:Qustodio软件跟踪了英国、美国和西班牙 4至15岁
儿童对电子设备的使用情况,该软件显示,数百万学生被迫转向远程学习。分析可知,空后
为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Qustodio software,且关系词在从句中作主语,指物,that
不能引导非限制性定语从句,所以用which引导。故填which。
6.whether 考查主语从句。句意:目前还不清楚这种上升是由于花更多的时间在屏幕前还是较
少的时间在户外,但此前的研究表明,日光暴露是关键。分析可知,句子为it作形式主语,
真正的主语为空后的从句,根据句意和下文的or可以判断,该从句为whether…or…“是......还
是......”引导的主语从句。故答案为whether。
7.exposure 考查不可数名词。句意:目前还不清楚这种上升是由于花更多的时间在屏幕前还
是较少的时间在户外,但此前的研究表明,日光暴露是关键。根据句意和空后的 is可知,设
空处用名词作宾语从句的主语,所给词 expose是动词,其名词是exposure,且为不可数名词。
故答案为exposure。
8.factors 考查可数名词的复数。句意:造成这一现象的原因有很多,屏幕时间的增加是其中
之一。固定短语:a number of意为“许多”,修饰可数名词复数。故答案为factors。
9.one 考查代词。句意:造成这一现象的原因有很多,屏幕时间的增加是其中之一。根据句
意可知,此处表示前面提到的“原因(factors)之一”,代指前面出现过的同类异物的名词,
并且是单数,要用代词one。故答案为one。
10.passively 考查副词。句意:被动地坐在屏幕前几个小时,而不是与他们的班级互动,可能
会导致压力和其他心理健康问题。空后 sitting是动词,由副词修饰,所给词passive是形容词,
其副词是passively。故答案为passively。