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文体分类练(五) 说明文之生态环保类
(限时:25 分钟)
Passage 1
(2023 河北邯郸一模)
Bee protection is a big issue these days in America,with people planting native
pollinator gardens,setting up bee houses,and taking part in scientific activities to monitor
local bee populations.And this is for good reason—in North America,a quarter of native bee
species are at risk of extinction.Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many
of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.
No Mow May,a movement that began in the UK,is now rapidly spreading throughout
the US.Its popularity lies in its being simple:Just give bees a help during the crucial
springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of
May.This lets “lawn flowers” such as dandelions grow at a time when bee food is rare.
Dandelions,despite being pretty and useful,are non-native.Then why do we promote a
movement that encourages their growth?Here’s the basic answer—don’t let “perfect” be the
enemy of “good”.Sure,it’d be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of
native plants,but that can take lots of time and money.
While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May,other plants—
including native species—may also appear in your lawn.“Besides dandelions,there are many
other plants that are going to be there,” says Dr.Claudio Gratton at the University of
Wisconsin-Madison.
In Massachusetts,scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns,30 percent of which were
native to the state.Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have
tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture,which allows no flowers.“No
Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature.We should reflect on the way
we have made nature suit our needs,and realize flowers play really important roles,” says
Dr.Claudio Gratton.
1.What is the background to No Mow May in the US?
A.Native bee species are increasing.
B.There is a tendency to protect bees.
C.Bees mainly depend on garden plants.
D.More people have no time to cut lawns.
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2.What do we know about the No Mow May?
A.It needs almost no cost.
B.Few Americans support it.
C.It is aimed at growing dandelions.
D.It appeals for careful attention to the lawns.
3.What does the underlined part “poster child” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Slight element.
B.Rare exception.
C.Typical example.
D.Difficult problem.
4.Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture?
A.A bee-friendly lawn.
B.A regularly cut lawn.
C.A lawn growing naturally.
D.A lawn with native flowers.
Passage 2
(2023 安徽安庆二模)
Interactive software that “reads” and analyses footprints left by black rhinos (犀牛)can
be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild,giving conservationists a new
way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers (偷猎
者),according to a Duke University-led study.
The software,called the Footprint Identification Technique (FIT),uses advanced
technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a rhino’s footprint.Because each
rhino’s footprint is as special as a human fingerprint,the analyzed images can be collected
electronically in a global database of previously collected footprint images for matching.
“If you find a match,you can identify the individual animal who left the mark and,by
plotting the locations of all the other places where marks have been seen,track its movements
without disturbing it or coming into close enough contact with it,” said Zoe Jewell,a professor
at Duke University’s Nicholas School of the Environment,who co-led the study and is co-
creator of FIT.
“It’s a cost-effective approach that not only protects the health of the rhino and the
human,but also brings a centuries-old tracking skill into the 21st Century,” she said.Jewell
and her colleagues are now working with Namibia’s Ministry of Environment,Forestry and
Tourism to train wildlife conservationists,land managers and local guides how to use FIT.
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Namibia is home to an estimated 2,000 black rhinos,or about 90% of the species’ total
population worldwide.Though legally owned by the government,the animals are distributed
geographically on private lands across the country.
The FIT software can also do a survey of footprints throughout the protected area and
take measurements from each footprint to estimate the number of rhinos in that area.This can
be useful information for calculation resource needs to monitor the animals effectively.This
creates an interactive library that anti-poaching patrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use to search for
animals at the highest risk,including those whose footprints haven’t been showing up in
recent years.
5.What is the purpose of the software?
A.To promote the development of technology.
B.To protect black rhinos from being hunted.
C.To analyze the footprints of illegal poachers.
D.To save endangered species across the world.
6.What’s the advantage of the software?
A.It owns various functions.
B.It goes to the market.
C.It is perfectly practical.
D.It is more than popular.
7.What does Zoe Jewell say about the approach?
A.It brings the best advantage for the lowest cost.
B.It helps increase the population of black rhinos.
C.It raises people’s awareness of the environment.
D.It strengthens the tie between humans and nature.
8.Which of the following best describes the future of rhinos?
A.Optimistic.
B.Hopeless.
C.Worrying.
D.Uncertain.
Passage 3
(2023 广东广州一模)
Beavers(海狸),like humans,change their surroundings to fit their needs.Known as
nature’s engineers,they tear trees down to build homes to live in and dam to raise water levels
for protection from enemies.Dams also slow water’s flow while blocking sediment(沉积
物)that would otherwise flow downstream.The resulting wetlands often attract wildlife
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diversity where none had existed.There are challenges,though.Beaver dams sometimes cause
flooding,and most people prefer trees alive and upright.
Communities face a delicate balancing act,learning to coexist with beavers.Last
winter,many people enjoying Winston Path became beaver fans as one furry family
transformed Swallow Pond into an oasis for birds,frogs,turtles and deer.
Yet such activity caused concern.As beavers worked,they raised water levels about five
feet.The increased depth allows beavers to survive underwater if the pond ices over.But
county officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank
supporting Winston Path.
To find a good balance between protecting the path and the beavers,the county
introduced a“beaver baffle”—a pond leveler.Beavers often rush to fill holes in their
dams.Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through
the dam,unnoticed by the beavers.
People love the beavers but they also love the mature trees.Recently,Catherine
Jones,18,organized a tree-caging event—putting wire cloth around large tree trunks to
discourage beavers from biting them.It also protects people from injury due to random trees
falling.“We cover the trees we don’t want them to eat,while planting periodically others they
like,”said Jones.“We need to learn to give up a little of our wants to share the Earth’s
resources.”
Swallow Pond’s 2023 project would restore proper water depth and improve wildlife
habitat without creating problems for the path.The balancing act continues.
9.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.Where beavers’ favorite surroundings are.
B.What effects beavers have on their habitat.
C.Why beavers are called nature’s engineers.
D.How beavers help attract wildlife diversity.
10.Why did the beaver family’s activity cause concern?
A.Swallow Pond would flood often.
B.Sediment would flow downstream.
C.The popular path might be damaged.
D.Beavers might have to live underwater.
11.What do the underlined words “beaver baffle” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A.A block to keep beavers away.
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B.A tool to fix holes in the dams.
C.A device to maintain water level.
D.A material to protect the soil bank.
12.Which can be the theme of Swallow Pond’s 2023 project?
A.Biological diversity.
B.Harmonious coexistence.
C.Prevention of natural disasters.
D.Preservation of wildlife habitat.
答案：
文体分类练(五) 说明文之生态环保类
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。“No Mow May”运动起源于英国,并在北美迅速扩展开
来。通过这项活动,人们可以为草坪留下自由生长的花,以此让蜜蜂授粉。这一活动不仅
有利于生态环境,而且可以让人反思自己与自然的关系。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,No Mow May 在美国的背景是有一种保护蜜蜂的趋
势。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段可推知,这项运动几乎不用任何费用。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“other plants—including native species—may also
appear in your lawn”可知,蒲公英是“No Mow May”运动扩展后常见的花,而这项运动也
会让草坪上长出其他种类的花。即蒲公英是“No Mow May”运动的典型例子。故可推
断,画线部分意为“典型例子”。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Its popularity lies in its being simple:Just give bees a
help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn
grow for the month of May.”及最后一段中“Most of the Americans probably loved
dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn
culture,which allows no flowers.”可知,一块定期修剪的草坪才是符合美国草坪文化的。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的软件,这款名为FIT 的软件可以用
来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受
偷猎者的伤害。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Interactive software that ‘reads’ and analyses footprints
left by black rhinos can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild,giving
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conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe
from poachers,according to a Duke University-led study.”可知,交互式软件可以用来监控野
生动物的活动,同时给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种,并帮助保护它们
免受偷猎者的伤害。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段“The software,called the Footprint Identification
Technique (FIT),uses advanced technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a
rhino’s footprint.Because each rhino’s footprint is as special as a human fingerprint,the
analyzed images can be collected electronically in a global database of previously collected
footprint images for matching.”可知,这款软件可以通过采集犀牛的足迹,然后会和先前收
集的足迹图像的全球数据库进行匹配。可推知,这款软件是非常实用的。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“‘It’s a cost-effective approach that not only
protects the health of the rhino and the human,but also brings a centuries-old tracking skill
into the 21st Century,’ she said.”可知,Zoe Jewell 认为它以最低的成本带来最大的优势。
8.A 推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段可知,FIT 软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,
同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。FIT 可
以对整个保护区的足迹进行调查,并对每个足迹进行测量,以估计该区域的犀牛数量,因
而未来犀牛的数量应该是朝着人们期望的方向发展。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海狸的活动对其栖息地产生的正向和
负向的两种影响,以及人们为人与海狸和谐共存所做的努力。
9.B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Beavers,like humans,change their surroundings to fit
their needs.Known as nature’s engineers,they tear trees down to build homes to live in and
dam to raise water levels for protection from enemies.Dams also slow water’s flow while
blocking sediment that would otherwise flow downstream.The resulting wetlands often
attract wildlife diversity where none had existed.”可知,第一段主要讲海狸对它们的栖息地
有什么影响。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But county officials were concerned about
how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path.”可知,海狸家族的活
动之所以会引起关注是因为温斯顿小径的土岸坡可能会受影响。
11.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a
hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam,unnoticed by the beavers.”可推知,画线
短语“beaver baffle”应该指的是一个维持水位的装置。
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12.B 推断判断题。根据最后一段“Swallow Pond’s 2023 project would restore proper
water depth and improve wildlife habitat without creating problems for the path.”可知,燕子
塘2023 年项目的主题可以是和谐共存。故选B 项。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)at risk of 冒着……危险
2.(Passage 1)popularity n.受欢迎
3.(Passage 1)be native to 原产于,源于……的
4.(Passage 1)reflect on 仔细考虑,思考
5.(Passage 2)keep watch on 监视
6.(Passage 2)show up 出现
7.(Passage 3)fit vt.适应
8.(Passage 3)tear down 砍倒,拆毁,拆除
9.(Passage 3)delicate adj.微妙的
10.(Passage 3)coexist with 与……共存
熟词生义:
(Passage 2)plot vt.(在地图上)画出
长难句分析:
(Passage 2)This creates an interactive library that anti-poaching patrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use
to search for animals at the highest risk,including those whose footprints haven’t been
showing up in recent years.
分析:本句为复合句。that anti-poaching patrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use to search for animals
at the highest risk 为that 引导的定语从句;whose footprints haven’t been showing up in
recent years 为whose 引导的定语从句。
句意:这创建了一个交互式库,反偷猎巡逻队可以使用它来搜索风险最高的动物,包括那
些近年来没有出现脚印的动物。
