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考点分类练(十一) 主旨大意题(2)
(限时:25 分钟)
Passage 1
(2023 辽宁鞍山二模)
A few years ago,I went shopping with a friend for a new motorcycle.He didn’t have a
particular brand or model in mind except two standards.A big engine—since too much
horsepower is never enough—and since he’s tall,a relatively relaxed riding position.
I suggested a Hayabusa,which met his standards or an XS-14R.Both were within his
budget,especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $2,500 discount on a previous
year’s model.
He rode them both and loved them both.But then he became very interested in a ZX-6R
KRT—a great motorcycle,sure,but with a much smaller motor and a riding position that made
him look like a contorted mantis(变形的螳螂).It seemed like a strange choice.
I felt puzzled until it hit me.The purchase of any motorcycle 750cc and under came with
a free helmet (头盔).Since my friend also wanted a new helmet,getting one for free was
extremely attractive.After all,the math didn’t work.We eventually negotiated $3,200 off the
price of the Hayabusa.The free helmet was only worth $250.However,my friend’s final
decision was ZX-6R KRT with a free helmet.
A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly
overvalue “free”.When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available
products,people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit
difference;however,decisions about free (zero-price) products differ,because people do not
simply take away costs from benefits but instead,consider the benefits associated with free
products to be higher.
Two months later,my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R.But I don’t think badly of
him.We’ve all been blinded by the power of “free”.So whenever something is free,stop and
consider the intention,and see “free” as a reason to do even more math.
1.What kind of motorcycle did the author’s friend intend to buy?
A.A good second-hand one.
B.A previous year’s Hayabusa.
C.A highly fashionable XS-14R.
D.A powerful and comfortable one.
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2.What aspect of the ZX-6R KRT attracted the author’s friend most?
A.Its price.
B.The motorcycle’s 750cc engine.
C.Its free gift.
D.The motorcycle’s classical design.
3.Why does the author mention the 2017 study?
A.To offer his friend a better purchase plan.
B.To stress the importance of negotiating skills.
C.To tell readers how to get more zero-price products.
D.To explain why his friend made such an unwise choice.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.It’s time to stop doing the math.
B.“Free” is sometimes the worst deal.
C.Getting something for free is so fun.
D.We all love to buy something on sale.
Passage 2
(2023 江西赣州一模)
I saw the Swedish film adaptation (starred by Tobias Almborge and Anna-Lena Brudin)
of Fredrik Backman’s incredibly funny,heartbreaking novel “A Man Called Ove”.Toward the
end of that film,which was beautifully written and directed by Hannes Holm,there is a scene
in which Ove,a widower(鳏夫) in his 60s,takes his neighbours out for a drive.As they ride
together,the normally unfriendly and severe Ove sighs,allows himself a rare smile and
says:“This is living.”
Most viewers probably didn’t give this little comment of Ove’s a second thought.For
me,though,it marked the turning point of Ove’s search for renewed purpose in his life.
In Ove,Backman has created a character who at times can be unreasonable,stubborn and
even downright rude—the sort of man whose shocking and morally unacceptable reactions to
everyday situations become the subject of comic anecdotes that are retold countless times by
enemies and friends alike.
Many of the people telling those stories don’t realize,though,that much of Ove’s strange
behaviour is actually a symptom of his private heartache.Widowed,living alone and recently
pushed into retirement,Ove is struggling at the outset of Backman’s story to find something
worth living for,and his unwillingness to share with others what he is going through serves
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only to further separate him from the world.Ove’s situation reminds me of the isolation we all
felt during the pandemic.I saw along with everyone else how quickly loneliness and isolation
can influence harmony,driving people apart at a time when we need to connect to others the
most.
Ove is just going on a drive with neighbours when he says,“This is living,” but I think
he is feeling the way many of us did when the pandemic became less serious and we began to
reconnect with the world.In that moment,Ove has started to find his new purpose just by
allowing others back into his life and caring for them.
5.Who is the screenwriter of “A Man Called Ove”?
A.Tobias Almborge.
B.Anna-Lena Brudin.
C.Fredrik Backman.
D.Hannes Holm.
6.What can we know about Ove?
A.He was born with a bad temper.
B.He is popular with people around.
C.He has integrated himself into society.
D.He suffers from social anxiety disorder.
7.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A.Ove’s present living situation.
B.The influence of the pandemic.
C.The reasons behind Ove’s strange behaviour.
D.The importance of relationship with others.
8.What is this text?
A.A diary entry.
B.A movie review.
C.A book introduction.
D.A short story.
Passage 3
(2023 江西南昌二模)
Just as digital transformation improved many businesses and emerging
technology,artificial intelligence (A.I.),and machine learning also have the potential to greatly
improve operations in health care settings.Bringing in these changes is becoming increasingly
popular for health care providers.
One company leading the automation revolution in health care is AKASA,a San
Francisco-based developer of A.I.for health care operations.“American medicine may be the
best in the world,but the health care system is still far behind because it has a complicated
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back-end system,” says AKASA’s chief executive officer and co-founder Malinka
Walaliyadde.“We are simplifying and automating that system to make it a better experience
for health care providers.”
For AKASA,the result has been an immediate improvement in both patient satisfaction
and their organization’s revenues(收入).Methodist Health System in Omaha,for
example,began working with AKASA to automate the non-value-added aspects within its
revenue cycle.“Now,processes that used to take more than seven minutes to determine are
down to just one minute,” says Jeff Francis,Methodist Health System’s chief financial officer
and vice president of finance.“There has been a sharp increase in revenue,which is up by at
least 1% to $3 billion.”
Walaliyadde credits AKASA’s impressive product offering and its amazing results to
the devotion and unmatched expertise of its workforce.“We hire the best and the brightest in
both the health care and technology worlds from around the country and give employees the
resources to solve old problems in new ways.The more unique backgrounds we can bring to a
project,the better equipped we’ll be to handle challenges with new and creative solutions,”
Walaliyadde says.Even as AKASA strengthens its place in the health care technology
field,Walaliyadde knows there are many more innovations to come.“We have made a large
amount of progress already,” he says,“but there is so much more to do.”
9.What do we know about AKASA?
A.Its revenue reaches $3 billion.
B.Its aim is to upgrade American health care.
C.Its headquarter is based in France.
D.Its employees are of similar backgrounds.
10.What can we infer from Jeff Francis’s words?
A.He is impressed by AKASA’s service.
B.His company has increased its revenue.
C.His current system is facing challenges.
D.Value-added aspects are to be transformed.
11.What led to AKASA’s success according to Walaliyadde?
A.Advanced digital technology.
B.Its simple corporate structure.
C.Joint efforts made by its skilled staff.
D.Diverse products offered by the company.
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12.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.AKASA Pioneers A.I.Industry
B.AKASA Welcomes More Innovation
C.American Health Care Needs Talents
D.Automation Improves American Health Care
答案：
考点分类练(十一) 主旨大意题(2)
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了一个有趣的现象,阐述了人们在面
对免费产品时心理的变化,往往会高估免费产品的价值并被其诱导而做出不经济的决策,
同时本文也提醒读者,在面临购买决策时,要全面考虑产品的成本和收益,并留意背后的
意图,避免受到免费赠品的影响而做出错误的决定。
1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“He didn’t have a particular brand or model in
mind except two standards.A big engine—since too much horsepower is never enough—and
since he’s tall,a relatively relaxed riding position.”可知,作者朋友想买一辆动力强且舒适的
摩托车。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Since my friend also wanted a new helmet,getting
one for free was extremely attractive.”及“However,my friend’s final decision was ZX-6R
KRT with a free helmet.”可知,ZX-6R KRT 最吸引作者朋友的是免费的头盔。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“When faced with a choice of selecting one of
several available products...consider the benefits associated with free products to be higher.”
可知,作者引用该研究是为了解释人们在面对免费产品时会怎样做出决策,以及为什么会
产生对免费产品价值的高估,进而揭示出作者的朋友做出不明智的决定背后的心理因素。
4.B 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了一个有趣的现象,阐述了人们在面对免费产品时心
理的变化,往往会高估免费产品的价值并被其诱导而做出不经济的决策,同时本文也提醒
读者,在面临购买决策时,要全面考虑产品的成本和收益,并留意背后的意图,避免受到免
费赠品的影响而做出错误的决定。故选B 项。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇影评。文章主要介绍作者对改编自弗雷德里克·巴克曼(Fredrik
Backman)令人难以置信的搞笑、令人心碎的小说《一个叫欧维的男人决定去死》的瑞
典电影的评价。
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5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Toward the end of that film,which was beautifully
written and directed by Hannes Holm”可知,这部电影是汉内斯·霍姆(Hannes Holm)写的。
6.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In that moment,Ove has started to find his new
purpose just by allowing others back into his life and caring for them.”可知,欧维已经让他自
己融入社会中。
7.C 主旨大意题。根据第四段可知,这一段主要讲述欧维的许多奇怪行为的原因。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段可知,这篇文章是电影评论。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了AKASA 公司利用自动化改善美国医疗保健。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘American medicine may be the best in the
world...make it a better experience for health care providers.’”可知,AKASA 的目标是为医
疗保健提供者提供更好的体验,换句话说,提升美国的医疗保健水平。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘Now,processes that used to take more than seven
minutes to determine are down to just one minute,’ says Jeff Francis,Methodist Health
System’s chief financial officer and vice president of finance.”可知,Jeff Francis 认为服务效
率大大提升,说明他对服务印象深刻。
11.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Walaliyadde credits AKASA’s impressive product
offering and its amazing results to the devotion and unmatched expertise of its workforce.”可
知,Walaliyadde 认为导致成功的因素是其熟练的工作人员的共同努力。
12.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段可知,AKASA 公司为了给医疗保健提供者提供更好的
体验,AKASA 利用自动化改善了美国医疗保健。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)relatively adv.相对地
2.(Passage 1)budget n.预算
3.(Passage 1)discount n.折扣
4.(Passage 1)after all 毕竟,终究
5.(Passage 1)negotiate v.商定
6.(Passage 1)(be) associated with 与……有关
7.(Passage 1)think badly of 对……评价低
8.(Passage 2)heartbreaking adj.令人心碎的
9.(Passage 2)at times 有时
10.(Passage 2)stubborn adj.固执的
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11.(Passage 2)go through 经历
12.(Passage 2)care for 照顾
13.(Passage 3)sharp adj.急剧的
14.(Passage 3)a large amount of 大量的
熟词生义:
(Passage 1)blind vt.蒙蔽
长难句分析:
(Passage 2)I saw along with everyone else how quickly loneliness and isolation can influence
harmony,driving people apart at a time when we need to connect to others the most.
分析:本句为复合句。how quickly loneliness and isolation can influence harmony 为宾语从
句;when we need to connect to others the most 为定语从句,修饰先行词time。
句意:我和其他人一起看到了孤独和孤立是如何迅速地影响和谐,在我们最需要与他人联
系的时候把人们分开。
