ARTICLE · 1134230
高中英语语法精讲 ⑳|It is…that… 到底是不是强调句?3 秒判断法
高中英语语法精讲 · 第 20 期
导语
先看两句改错里出现频率最高的错句：
❌ It was not until midnight when he went to bed.
❌ Tom, as well as his parents, have been to Beijing.
第一句是强调句的连词用错，第二句是主谓一致被"搭便车"的成分带偏。这两类题几乎每年都在语法填空和短文改错里出现，而且看着都会，一写就错。今天是第 1 轮的收官篇，把强调句和主谓一致一起收干净。
一、先建立地图：两条主线，一张表看全
| 强调句 | ||
| not…until 的强调 | ||
| 主谓一致 |
判断强调句只用一个动作：把 It is / was 和 that 同时删掉，剩下的部分如果能自己站成一个完整的句子，就是强调句。 下面 10 个易错点，全围着这两条主线转。
二、10 个高频易错点
1. 强调句的基本结构：It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 其余
原句：Tom broke the window yesterday.
- It was Tom that / who broke the window yesterday.
（是汤姆昨天打碎了窗户。）→ 强调主语 - It was the window that Tom broke yesterday.
（汤姆昨天打碎的是窗户。）→ 强调宾语 - It was yesterday that Tom broke the window.
（汤姆是昨天打碎窗户的。）→ 强调状语
能强调主语、宾语、状语，但绝不能强调谓语。 要强调谓语，用 do / does / did：
❌ It is helped me that he did. → ✅ He did help me.（他确实帮了我。）
口诀：强调句"除了谓语都能强调"，谓语要用 do / does / did。
2. 判断是不是强调句：还原法，3 秒出答案
| 是强调句 | ||
一句话：句子里出现 when / where / which，多半就不是强调句；强调句只认 that，强调人可以换成 who。
3. that 与 who：强调人可换 who，强调物一律 that
- It was my mother that / who
encouraged me most.（最鼓励我的是我妈妈。） - It is English that
I like best.（我最喜欢的是英语。） ❌ It is English which I like best. → ✅ that
两个细节：
强调人时 who / that 都可以；强调物、时间、地点、原因，一律用 that。 强调句里的 that 一般不能省略：❌ It was Tom broke the window. → ✅ It was Tom that broke the window.
口诀：强调人，who 也行；强调别的，只有 that 顶用。
4. not…until 的强调：It is / was not until … that …（不倒装）
原句：He didn't go to bed until midnight.
- 强调（不倒装）：It was not until midnight that he went to bed.
（直到半夜他才去睡觉。） - 倒装（第 19 期）：Not until midnight did he go to bed.
最容易错的两处：
❌ It was not until midnight when he went to bed. → ✅ that ❌ It was not until midnight that he didn't go to bed. → ✅ that he went（that 后面照样用肯定式）
口诀：not until 强调用 that，后面照样说肯定；倒装才提前助动词，强调绝不倒。
5. 强调句的疑问式：was it … that … / who was it that …
| Was it in 2019 that you came to Beijing?（你是 2019 年来北京的吗？） | |
| Where was it that you found the key?（你到底在哪儿找到钥匙的？） |
特殊疑问句的语序是"疑问词 + is / was + it + that"，疑问词后面不能直接跟 that。
口诀：疑问词在前，it 在中，that 收尾。
6. 强调句的时态 + 从句谓语跟"被强调的那部分"一致
原句谓语是现在 / 将来时 → 用 It is；是过去时 → 用 It was（It is Tom that helps me every day.／It was Tom that helped me yesterday.） - that / who 后面的谓语，要跟"被强调的那部分"一致。
- It is the students that / who are
to blame.（该受责备的是那些学生。） It is I who am wrong.（错的是我。）
❌ It is the students that is to blame. → ✅ are
❌ It is I who is wrong. → ✅ who am
口诀：It is / was 不看后面的名词，永远是单数；who / that 后面的谓语，跟着被强调的人走。
7. 主谓一致① 就近原则：谓语看"最近"的那个
触发结构： there be、or、either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also、not…but…
- There is a pen and two books on the desk.（桌上有一支笔和两本书。）
- Neither you nor he knows the answer.（你和他都不知道答案。）
口诀：or / nor / there be，谁离谓语近就听谁的。
8. 主谓一致② 就远原则：这些成分是"搭便车的"，不影响主语
触发词： with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, including, rather than, in addition to
谓语跟最前面的主语一致，不管后面挂了多少东西。
The teacher, together with his students, is visiting the museum.（老师和学生们正在参观博物馆。） Tom, as well as his parents, has been to Beijing twice.（汤姆和他父母都去过北京两次。）
❌ Tom, as well as his parents, have been to Beijing. → ✅ has
口诀：as well as 那一串都是"陪跑"的，谓语只认前头那个主语。
9. 主谓一致③ 意义一致：集合名词、时间金钱、and 连的"一个人"
(1) 集合名词看意思：
(2) 时间 / 距离 / 金钱 / 重量作主语，视为一个整体，用单数：
Ten years is a long time.（十年是很长一段时间。）
(3) and 连接的两个主语，看冠词判人：
通常用复数：Tom and Jerry are good friends. - 同一个冠词 = 同一个人，用单数
：The poet and writer has come.（诗人兼作家来了，一个人）／The poet and the writer have come.（两个人） each / every / no 修饰时用单数：Every boy and every girl has a book.
口诀：一个冠词是一个人，谓语单数；两个冠词是俩，谓语复数。
10. 主谓一致④ 数量表达：a number of 和 the number of 别搞反
| a number of | 复数：A number of students are here. | |
| the number of | 单数：The number of students is growing. | |
| 分数 / 百分数 / half / most / some / the rest of + 名词 | ||
| none of |
❌ The number of the students are increasing. → ✅ is ❌ A number of students is absent. → ✅ are
口诀：有 the 就是"数量"，用单数；没 the 就是"许多"，用复数。
三、高考风格演练（4 题）
1. It was not until he took off his glasses ______ I recognized him. A. that B. when C. which D. where
答案：A 解析：not…until 的强调句固定用 that，that 后面的主句用肯定式，不能加 didn't。
2. — ______ is it that has made him so excited? — The news that he was admitted to Beijing University. A. What B. Who C. How D. That
答案：A 解析：强调句的特殊疑问句，语序是"疑问词 + is it that"；被强调的主语是 the news（物），所以用 what 提问。
3. The number of the students in our school __ about 2,000, and a number of them ____ from the countryside. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are
答案：A 解析：the number of 是"……的数量"，用单数；a number of 是"许多"，用复数。
4. 短文改错：Tom, as well as his parents, have been to the Great Wall twice.
答案：have → has 解析：as well as 连接并列主语时用就远原则，谓语跟前面的 Tom 一致，用单数 has。
四、随堂练习（5 题）
1. It was in the park near our school ______ I first met my English teacher. A. that B. where C. which D. when
2. — ______ was it that you found your lost wallet? — Under the desk in the classroom. A. Where B. When C. What D. How
3. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home now. A. is B. are C. was D. has been
4. 短文改错：Fifty dollars are enough for such a nice dictionary.
5. 短文改错：It is we who is responsible for the accident.
参考答案
- A
。删掉 It was 和 that 后剩下 In the park near our school I first met my English teacher，句子完整，是强调句，只能用 that。 - A
。强调句的特殊疑问句用"疑问词 + was it that"；答语 Under the desk 是地点，所以用 Where。 - B
。neither…nor 用就近原则，谓语跟最近的主语 his parents（复数）一致，用 are。 - are → is
。Fifty dollars 表示钱数，视为一个整体，谓语用单数。 - is → are
。强调句 that / who 后面的谓语与被强调部分一致，被强调的是 we，所以用 are。
五、一句话总结
强调句和主谓一致，记住三条：
- 删掉 It is / was 和 that，剩下的能独立成句 → 强调句；句中出现 when / where / which，就不是。
- 强调句只认 that（强调人可换 who）；not…until 强调用 that 且不倒装；It is / was 永远是单数。
- 主谓一致走三步：先看就近（or / nor / there be），再看就远（as well as / together with），最后看意义（the number of 单数，a number of 复数）。
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