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高中英语必修三第一编 · 语言能力-语篇:五种体裁的结构模板
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五、语篇：五种体裁的结构模板
必修三新增了两种体裁——议论文和剧本。这两者加上 U1/U2 的叙事、U3 的介绍文，构成本册五种写作任务。
1. 五种体裁结构对照
| 节日叙事 | Never have I experienced... before.尾：It was not merely a festival, but a warm reminder of... | ||
| 善行故事 | There are moments when a simple choice reveals who we truly are.尾：That day I learned that kindness costs nothing but means everything. | ||
| 地点介绍 | Located in..., my hometown is home to... ethnic groups.尾：Words fail to describe its beauty; come and see for yourself. | ||
| 议论文 | Recently there has been a heated discussion about...尾：Only in this way can we... | ||
| 剧本场景 | HENRY is walking along the street, holding a bank note in his hand. |
2. 议论文：最重要的新增模板
Recently, we have had a heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile for humans to explore space. Opinions on this issue vary from person to person.
Some people believe that space exploration is a waste of time and money. Their argument is that the money could be better spent solving problems on Earth, such as hunger and pollution. Besides, the risks are enormous.
However, others hold a different view. To begin with, satellites have helped farmers increase crop output and enabled weather forecasts, which directly improves daily life. What's more, many technologies we take for granted today — from memory foam（记忆棉） to water filters （净水器）— originated from space research. Last but not least, exploring space prepares humanity for possible future crises.
Admittedly（诚然）, the cost is huge. Yet this cannot justify（证明……是合理的） abandoning the pursuit of knowledge.
As far as I am concerned, space exploration is well worth the investment. Only in this way can we secure a better future for generations to come.
议论文的衔接词体系
- 引出
Recently... / There is a widespread concern over... / When it comes to... - 正方
Some hold the view that... / A majority of people approve of... - 递进
To begin with / What's more / Furthermore / Last but not least - 转折
However / On the contrary / Others differ on this matter - 让步
Admittedly / It is true that... / Granted,... - 表态
As far as I'm concerned / From my point of view / Personally
四个加分句式
- 倒装
Only in this way can we... - 强调
It is curiosity that drives us forward. - 非谓语
Costly as it is, it deserves our support. - 让步状语从句倒装
Difficult though the task is, we never give up.
3. 剧本：三种独有的语言特征
写剧本场景时的三条硬规则
- 舞台说明用一般现在时
：描述此刻台上正在发生什么。 Oliver enters and walks towards Henry. - 动作描写多用现在分词
：表现同时进行的动作。 He stands waiting, his eyes fixed on the note. - 语气靠标点与情态动词体现
而不是靠"他很生气地说"这类说明： Roderick: Wait — wait a moment. You mustn't think we don't care about you.—— 破折号表停顿，mustn't表急切的劝阻。
剧本语言对读后续写的迁移价值。续写中最难写的是对话和动作链，而剧本恰恰训练这两样。 把 "Don't worry," he said gently. 升级为 "Don't worry," he whispered, patting me on the shoulder. —— 加上一个现在分词，画面立刻立体。 这就是本册 V-ing 作状语最实用的落点。
4. 长难句拆解四步法
原句（U2）Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic, delivering medical care to those who could not afford it.
Dr Lin opened a private clinic.（主谓宾）Thinking of... 在句首，主语一致（林医生在想）→ 原因/时间状语；delivering... 在句末 → 伴随/结果状语。who could not afford it 是定语从句，修饰 those（那些人）。经常做这样的拆解，长难句将不再是障碍。拆解的关键只有一句：先找谓语，再认非谓语——英语句子有且仅有一个谓语（或由 and/or/but 连接的几个并列谓语）。
