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本专题聚焦高考语法填空无提示词考点——定语从句关系词。
第一部分高考考查定语从句的考情分析
一、五年整体考频总览
近五年定语从句合计考查19空，每年稳定3–4空，是三大从句中考查频次最高的考点，分值占比高于名词性从句、状语从句。
1、引导词考频由高到低：
that/which（9次，绝对核心）＞where（4次）＞who（3次）＞whose（2次）＞as（1次）＞when（1次）；why近五年未单独设空。
2、从句类型占比：
限制性定语从句（12次）＞非限制性定语从句（7次）；“介词+关系代词”结构每年稳定出现。
1）限制性定语从句核心考点：that/which、the way固定结构、such…as、all /最高级/the only限定先行词；
2）非限制性定语从句固定规则：禁用that；高频which、who、where、whose；which可指代主句整件内容。
3、高频难点题型频次
1)介词+关系代词（介词提前）：2道（with whom /of which）；
2)抽象地点先行词stage /town/situation：3道；
3)特殊限定先行词all /the only /最高级：3道；
4)the way特殊定语从句：1道；
5)such…as固定搭配：1道。
二、高考命题核心趋势
1、基础必考：先行词指人/物，从句中缺主/宾，优先：that/which/who；
2、高频难点区分：that与which使用边界、关系代词vs关系副词；
3、易丢分题型：非限制性定语从句只用which/who/as，禁用that；
4、特殊先行词高频陷阱：situation/point/case/scene/stage/activity作先行词，从句缺地点状语用where；
5、固定搭配：such…as、the same…as、介词+ which/whom、the way三种填法；
6、解题底层逻辑：将先行词还原进从句，判断充当主/宾/定/状。
第二部分定语从句完整分类+引导词考点精讲
一、定语从句核心定义
修饰名词/代词（先行词）的从句，由关系词连接主句与从句；关系词两大功能：①指代先行词；②在定语从句内部充当句子成分。
解题三步标准流程：
1.锁定先行词，判断是人/物/时间/地点/原因；
2.将先行词还原到定语从句中，判断其充当主语、宾语、定语还是状语；
3.区分限制性/非限制性从句，匹配合规关系词。
二、第一大类：关系代词（在从句作主/宾/定语）
1. that /which（先行词为事物，主、宾语通用）
1）通用互换场景：限制性定语从句，先行词指物，从句缺主语/宾语，that、which均可；
例：The park that/which lies in the center attracts tourists.
2）which三不用（高考必背）
①先行词为不定代词all, everything, nothing, something, anything等；
②先行词被最高级、序数词、the only, the very, every, no修饰；
③先行词同时包含人+物；
3）that两不用（两大场景）
①逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句；
②介词后作介词宾语（介词+ which固定结构）。
2. who /whom（先行词指人）
·who：在从句中作主语或宾语（但不能置于提前的介词后作宾语）；
·whom：从句作宾语，可被that替换，介词后指人只能用whom，不能用who/that；
例：The writer whom/who/that we interviewed won a national prize.（指人，在从句中作interviewed的宾语）
3. whose（表所属关系，译为“……的”，后必须接名词）
先行词可指人、可指物；指物时可替换为of which；
例：The village whose roads are wide develops fast.
= The village of which the roads are wide develops fast.
4. as（两大固定考法）
1）固定搭配：such…as、the same…as；
2）非限制性定语从句，可置于句首，译为“正如”；As we all know, paper-cutting is traditional art.
三、第二大类：关系副词（从句主谓完整，仅缺状语）
1、where：充当地点状语，先行词多为place、city、village；特殊抽象先行词：point, case, situation, scene, activity；
等价替换：where =介词+ which
例：We reached a point where we had to make a choice.
2、when：充当时间状语，先行词为day, time, occasion, period；when = on/in/at + which
3、why充当原因状语，先行词仅限the reason；why = for which
4、先行词为the way，从句中作方式状语，引导词为：that/in which/不填。
四、限制性vs非限制性定语从句（高考核心区分）
表格
对比项 | 限制性定语从句 | 非限制性定语从句 |
标点 | 无逗号 | 逗号与主句隔开 |
功能 | 必不可少，限定先行词范围 | 补充说明，删除后主句完整 |
可用关系词 | that/which/who/whom/whose/as/when/where | 禁用that；只用which/who/whose/as/when/where |
指代整个主句 | 不可 | which可指代前面整个主句内容 |
五、高频难点：介词+关系代词
1.介词选择依据：①从句固定动词搭配；②先行词搭配介词；③句子语义；
2.规则：指物只用which，指人只用whom，绝对不能用that；
例：This is the house in which he lived ten years ago.
特别加粗重点：定语从句that与which核心区分（高考最高频易错点）
1.核心规则
1.that：既可指人也可指物，仅用于限制性定语从句，不作介词宾语；
2.which：只指物，限制性、非限制性从句均可，可置于介词后。
2.对比例句
1.限制性可互换
This is the gift that/which I bought last week.
2.只能that（先行词all）
All that you said is true.（不可用which）
3.不能用that（非限制性）
He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.（不可用that）
4.不能用that（介词后）
The house in which we live is old.（不可用that）
即时小测（填that/which）
1.This is the most moving story ______ I have ever read.
2.The book, ______ I finished yesterday, is about wildlife.
3.There is nothing ______ can stop him from pursuing his dream.
4.The factory ______ my father works is far away.
5.This is the tool with ______ we cut wood.
小测答案
6.that（最高级修饰先行词）
7.which（非限制性从句）
8.that（不定代词nothing）
9.that/which（限制性，从句缺宾语）
10.which（介词后）
六、高考语法填空万能解题步骤
1.找逗号：有逗号优先排除that；
2.找先行词，区分人/物/时间/地点；
3.还原先行词进从句，判断成分：
o缺主语/宾语→关系代词that/which/who；
o缺定语（后接名词）→ whose；
o主谓齐全、缺地点/时间/原因状语→ where/when/why；
4.检查特殊限制：介词后不用that、非限制性不用that、such搭配只用as、the way后缺状语填that/in which/不填。
第三部分2021–2025高考定语从句语法填空真题集锦
1.（2021新高考II卷语法填空）I decided that if I learned of a company ______ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.
2.（2021全国乙卷语法填空）The garden also contains a winding path ______ guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.
3.（2021浙江6月卷语法填空）Such traditions ______ are passed down from generation to generation deserve our protection.
4.（2022全国甲卷语法填空）On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
5.（2022新高考I卷语法填空）All animals ______ live in the Giant Panda National Park are well protected by staff.
6.（2022浙江1月卷语法填空）We visited the old farm, ______ local villagers raise organic vegetables.
7.（2022天津卷语法填空）The artist, ______ paintings show rural scenery, won a national art award.
8.（2023新高考II卷语法填空）This is the training centre ______ foreign keepers learn Chinese for pandas.
9.（2023全国甲卷语法填空）There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings.
10.（2023浙江6月卷语法填空）The way ______ we communicate with each other has changed greatly.
11.（2024新高考I卷语法填空）The garden also contains a winding path ______ guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.
12.（2024全国乙卷语法填空）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
13.（2024浙江1月卷语法填空）The scientist with ______ we chatted focuses on environmental protection.
14.（2024天津卷语法填空）The bookstore ______ we bought storybooks closes at nine every night.
15.（2025新高考I卷语法填空）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
16.（2025全国甲卷语法填空）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains.
17.（2025北京卷语法填空）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, touristsleft over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year,19accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
18.（2025浙江6月卷语法填空）I will never forget the summer holiday ______ we volunteered in mountain villages.
19.（2025天津卷语法填空）The house of ______ the roof is broken needs repairing.
真题答案+逐题解析
- 答案：that/which
解析：限制性定语从句；先行词a company指事物，定语从句缺少主语，that、which均可使用。
- 答案：that/which
解析：限制性定语从句；先行词path指物，从句缺少主语，二者通用。
- 答案：as
解析：固定搭配such…as引导限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语。
- 答案：who
解析：逗号分隔非限制性定语从句；先行词the man指人，从句缺少主语，只能用who。
- 答案：that
解析：先行词被不定代词All修饰，限制性定语从句只能用that，不可替换为which。
- 答案：where/in which
解析：非限制性定语从句；先行词farm表地点，从句主谓结构完整，缺地点状语，where等价in which。
- 答案：whose
解析：非限制性定语从句；表所属关系，后接名词paintings，译为“这位画家的画作”。
- 答案：where/in which
解析：限制性定语从句；先行词training centre为地点，从句主谓完整，缺少地点状语。
- 答案：where
解析：非限制性定语从句；先行词town为地点，从句主谓齐全，用where充当地点状语。
- 答案：that/in which /不填
解析：先行词the way引导定语从句，从句缺方式状语，三者均为高考官方标准答案。
- 答案：that/which
解析：限制性定语从句；先行词path指物，从句缺少主语。
- 答案：that/which
解析：限制性定语从句；先行词place指物，从句缺少主语。
- 答案：whom
解析：介词with提前；先行词the scientist指人，介词后只能用宾格whom，不能用who/that。
- 答案：that/which
解析：限制性定语从句；先行词bookstore指物，从句缺少宾语。
- 答案：which
解析：逗号分隔非限制性定语从句；先行词Go（围棋）指事物，从句缺主语，禁用that。
- 答案：where
解析：非限制性定语从句；先行词countryside表地点，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语。
- 答案：which
解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。
- 答案：when/on which
解析：先行词summer holiday表时间，从句主谓完整，缺少时间状语，when等价on which。
- 答案：which
解析：所属关系替换结构of which；介词of后指物只能用which，等同于whose roof。
第四部分配套20道高考标准巩固练习题
1.The girl ______ helped me carry luggage is my new classmate.
2.This is the best film ______ I have watched this year.
3.The town ______ we spent our holiday has beautiful lakes.
4.I dislike the way ______ he speaks to his parents.
5.The book, ______ was written by a teenager, becomes a bestseller.
6.Anyone ______ breaks the rule will receive punishment.
7.We reached a point ______ we must make a final decision.
8.The house ______ roof is blue belongs to an old artist.
9.All ______ he told me turned out to be true.
10.The tool with ______ we dig soil is made of steel.
11.I will never forget the summer ______ we volunteered together.
12.Such students ______ work hard will achieve their goals.
13.The scientist ______ you interviewed works on space research.
14.The factory, ______ produces paper, protects the environment well.
15.There is no difficulty ______ can stop our progress.
16.This is the only museum ______ preserves ancient paper-cut works.
17.The scene ______ the two old friends meet moves all audiences.
18.The boy ______ mother is a teacher always gets full marks.
19.As is known to all, pandas are animals ______ live in Sichuan.
20.He failed the exam, ______ made his father quite disappointed.
答案+考点解析：
1.who/that先行词指人，从句缺主语
2.that最高级修饰先行词，禁用which
3.where/in which地点先行词，从句缺状语
4.that/in which /不填the way固定搭配
5.which非限制性定语从句，指物
6.who/that先行词anyone指人
7.where抽象先行词point，缺地点状语
8.whose所属关系，修饰roof
9.that不定代词all作先行词
10.which介词后，只能用which
11.when/on which时间先行词summer
12.as such…as固定搭配
13.whom/who/that先行词指人，从句缺宾语
14.which非限制性从句，先行词factory
15.that先行词含no，只用that
16.that the only修饰先行词
17.where抽象先行词scene，缺地点状语
18.whose表“男孩的妈妈”，所属定语
19.that/which先行词animals指物
20.which非限制性从句，指代前文整件事
