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04 高考语法填空抢分热点之定语从句
一、考点精讲
定语从句是历年高考的热门话题。就2022年的新高考卷I语法填空来说,更是有两个考点涉
及到定语从句。定语从句的常考点:
1. 引导定语从句的关系词,尤其是关系代词
2. 只用that引导定语从句
(1)先行词是 all,something,anything,everything,nothing 等不定代词时。例如:
Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.(最后,小偷把他偷的所有东
西都交给了警察。)
(2)先行词被all,any,no,every,few,little,many,much等不定代词修饰时。例如:I
have finished reading all the books that I borrowed from the library. (我己经看完了所有从图书
馆借来的书。)
(3)先行词被序数词修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。例如:The first English book that I read
was “The Prince and the Pauper”by Mark Twain.(我读的第一本英文书是马克·吐温的《王子与
乞丐》。)
(4)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。例如:This is the most beautiful park that I have ever
visited.(这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。)
(5)先行词中既有人又有物时。例如:He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.
(他谈到了他参观过的老师和学校。)
(6)the way作先行词,且在定语从句中作状语时,用 that/in which或省略关系词。例如:
This is the way that my father did this work.(这是我父亲做这件工作的方法。)
(7)先行词被the only,the very,the last修饰时。例如:He is the very man that helped the girl
out of the water.(他就是那个把女孩从水里救出来的人。)
(8)关系代词作表语时。例如:He is not the man that he used to be.(他不再是过去的那个人
了。)
(9)当主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复用 that。例如:Who is the
person that is standing at the gate?(站在门口的那个人是谁?)
3. 只用which引导定语从句
(1)先行词指物,定语从句是非限制性定语从句时。例如:The problem,which wasdiscussed yesterday,has been solved.(昨天讨论的那个问题已经解决了。)
(2)关系代词作介词的宾语,且介词在关系代词前面时。例如:She’s got a part-time job for
which she earns 2,000 yuan a month.(她找到了一份每月能挣2000元的兼职工作。)
(3)前面整个句子作先行词时,后面的非限制性定语从句由 which引导。(which代替主句
所表示的整体概念或部分概念)。例如:The boy lost his new bike,which made him upset.(这
个男孩丢了他的新自行车,这使他很心烦。)
4. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时定语从句的谓语动词。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要和关系代词所替代的先行词保持一
致。例如:
(2022年的新高考卷I语法填空)
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be) previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
____59___ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
58. 【答案】were
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地
区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个主管部门,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致。该
句是that引导的定语从句,areas是先行词,复数形式,在后面的定语从句中作主语,再根据
previously“以前地”可知,定语从句用一般过去时,be要与先行词areas保持一致,用复数形
式were。故答案为were。
59. 【答案】to increase
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意:该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,
将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个主管部门,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致。定语从
句中be动词是谓语动词,那么设空处就是非谓语动词,是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为
to increase。
二、高考题经典解读
1. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth______ gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在夹克的边缘,有一块布,在黑暗中会发光。cloth是先行词,
指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以定语从句由关系代词 that/which 引导。故答案为 that/
which。2. In our class there are 46 students, of _____ half wear glasses.
【答案】whom
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们班有46个学生,其中一半戴眼镜。前后两句话都有谓语
动词,但之间是逗号,无连词,所以不能用人称代词them;此处students是先行词,指人,
介词of表所属关系,设空处填whom作of的宾语,引导定语从句。故答案为whom。
3. Self-driving is an area______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:自动驾驶是中国和世界其他国家站在同一起跑线上的一个领
域。此处area作定语从句的先行词,从句缺少地点状语,所以设空处填 where引导定语从句。
故答案为where。
4. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the
Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.that
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:GPNP旨在为生活在大熊猫活动区内的所有物种提供更强有
力的保护,并显著改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。该空所填词引导定语从句,分析句子结
构,the species是先行词,在句中作主语,且先行词被不定代词 all修饰,所以定语从句只能
由that引导。故答案为that。
5. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _______she
opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:现在,艾琳·阿斯特伯里(Irene Astbury)每天从上午9点工作到
下午5点,在位于麦克尔斯菲尔德(Macclesfield)的宠物店工作,这家店是她和已故丈夫莱斯
(Les)一起开的。此处the pet shop是先行词,指物,在非限制性定语从句中作 opened 的宾语,
that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故答案为which。
三、实战演练
1. The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall_____ has survived China’s long history.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:西安城墙是中国历史上保存最完整的城墙。此处 city wall是
先行词,在定语从句中作主语,且形容词最高级 the most complete修饰先行词,所以定语从
句只能由关系代词that引导。故答案为that。2. She and her family bicycle to work , ______ helps them keep fit.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。前面整个
句子作先行词,定语从句由关系代词which引导,且在定语从句中作主语。故答案为which。
3. In ancient China lived an artist___________paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation
had made him proud.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在中国古代有一位画家,他的画非常逼真。这位艺术家的名
声使他感到骄傲。该空引导定语从句,此处 artist是先行词,引导词在定语从句中作定语,
所以设空处填whose。故答案为whose。
4. Their child is at the stage ____________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。
此处the stage 是先行词,引导词在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词 where引导定语从句。
故答案为where。
5. Many lessons are now available online, from____________students can choose for free.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生可以免费选择。先行
词Many lessons指物,在非限制性定语从句中作介词from的宾语,所以用关系代词which引
导定语从句。故答案为which。
四、优秀模拟试卷之语法填空精选
(一)
Tongren Chinese Medicine Culture
As an old brand of traditional Chinese medicine famous both in and outside China, Beijing
Tongrentang _____1____ ( exist ) for more than three centuries since it was built in
1669.Tongrentang started to make medicine for the royal court in 1723 and it struck____2____ the
secret prescriptions and pharmaceutical ( 制 药 的 ) methodsthroughoutthe188 years until
1911,____3____ (form)a strict quality supervision system. As _____4____ result, Tongrentang
has formed a particular style and traditional knowledge of Tongrentang Chinese medicine.
The culture of Tongrentang Chinese medicine is _____5____(main)reflected in the values ofserving the pepole;the quality view that no effort should be spared , no matter how ____6____
(complicate)the procedures of pharmaceutical production are , and no material shall ____7___
(reduce), no matter how much the cost is; the business concept of relying on good faith and
focusing on harmony; and a professional ethic (职业道德)that we should do things with sincerity
and in good faith. The special brand and trademarks also display _____8___(they)medicine
culture . Tongrentang Chinese medicine are characterized by integrating (融合)traditional
Chinese medicines and royal pharmaceutical technique,____9_____ can be summarized into four
phrases , namely, unique ____10____ (recipe), top-class raw material, excellent workmanship
and evident curative effect.
【答案】
1. has existed 2. to 3. forming 4. a 5. mainly
6. complicated 7. be reduced 8. their 9. which 10. recipes
【解析】
1. has existed 考查现在完成时。句意:北京同仁堂始建于1669年,是享誉海内外的中药老
字号,至今已有三个多世纪的历史。分析句子结构,since it was built in 1669 是since引导的
时间状语从句,连词since意为“自从......以来”,主句用现在完成时,且主句主语是 Beijing
Tongrentang,单数第三人称,所以现在完成时中的助动词用has。故答案为has existed。
2. to 考查介词。句意:同仁堂于1723年开始为宫廷制药,并在长达188年的时间里一直坚
持秘密处方和制药方法,直到1911年,形成了严格的质量监督体系。固定搭配:stick to,意
为“坚持”。故答案为to。
3. forming 考查非谓语动词。句意:同仁堂于1723年开始为宫廷制药,并在长达188年的
时间里一直坚持秘密处方和制药方法,直到 1911年,形成了严格的质量监督体系。句子是
and连接的并列句,谓语动词分别是 started和struck,所以所给动词 form是非谓语动词,且
和主语Tongrentang 构成主动关系,是现在分词作伴随状语。故答案为forming。
4. a 考查不定冠词。句意: 因此,同仁堂形成了一种独特的风格和传统的同仁堂中医知识。
固定搭配: as a result,意为“结果”。故答案为a。
5. mainly 考查副词。句意:同仁堂中医文化主要体现在为人民服务的价值观上。空后
reflected 是过去分词,由副词修饰,所给词 main 是形容词,其副词是 mainly。故答案为
mainly。
6. complicated 考查形容词作表语。句意:质量观认为,无论药品生产程序多么复杂,都应该不遗余力。be动词are后面用形容词作表语,所给词complicate是动词,意为“使复杂化”,
其形容词是complicated。故答案为complicated。
7. be reduced 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意:无论成本多少,材料都不能减少。句子主
语no material和谓语动词reduce之间是被动关系,此处是含情态动词的被动语态,情态动词
后跟动词原形,情态动词shall已经给出。故答案为be reduced。
8. their 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:特殊的品牌和商标也展示了他们的医药文化。空后
medicine culture是名词,由形容词性物主代词修饰,they的形容词性物主代词是their。故答
案为their。
9. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:同仁堂中药的特点是融合了传统中药和皇家药学
技术,可以概括为四个词,即独特的配方、一流的原料、精湛的工艺和明显的疗效。逗号前
technique是先行词,指物,逗号后面的定语从句缺少引导词和主语,that不能引导非限制性
定语从句。故答案为which。
10. recipes考查名词复数。句意:同仁堂中药的特点是融合了传统中药和皇家药学技术,可
以概括为四个词,即独特的配方、一流的原料、精湛的工艺和明显的疗效。 Tongrentang
Chinese medicine的食谱不止一种,所给词recipe是可数名词,意为“食谱,烹饪法”,设空
处用复数形式。故答案为recipes。
(二)
Xi'an,known as one of the "Four Ancient Capitals of the World",together with Cairo,Athens and
Rome,is always___1___ (associate)with its long history and rich culture.It's famous for a
number of reasons.For instance,it ranks first among the 6 ancient capitals in China.It used ____2__
(be)the capital for 13 dynasties as long as 1,100 years.It was the eastern terminus of the Silk
Road and a unique city.
Because of ___3___(it)somewhat isolated location in the mid-west of China,much of the culture
and history has been preserved and passed down ___4___ this day.The long history and rich culture
can be best illustrated with ___5___(quantity)of historic relics and cultural sites ___6___ have
been discovered from inside and around this city.
During the past years,an increasing number of tourists from the western world ___7___(show)
interest in the mysterious China.However,most of them ___8___ (mere)know Beijing or
Shanghai because Beijing is the capital and Shanghai is one of the most influential ___9___(finance)centers.But if you want to explore China from the roots upward,Xi'an is the best
choice.Being an ancient and modern city,it will surely bring you ___10___surprise.
【答案】
1. associated 2. to be 3. its 4. to/until/till 5. quantities 6.that/which
7. have showed(shown)/have been showing 8. merely 9. financial 10. a
【解析】
1. associated 考查形容词作表语。句意:西安与开罗、雅典、罗马并称为“世界四大古都”,
悠久的历史和丰富的文化总是与西安联系在一起。固定搭配:be associated with,意为“与......
有关”,其中过去分词转变的形容词associated“有关联的,有关的”,在句中作表语。故答
案为associated。
2. to be 考查非谓语动词。句意:它曾是 13个朝代的首都,长达1100年。固定搭配:used
to do sth.表示“过去经常习惯做某事而现在不做了”。故答案为to be。
3. its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:由于地处中国中西部,它的大部分文化和历史都被保
存下来并流传至今。句中location是名词,由形容词性物主代词修饰,it的形容词性物主代词
是its。故答案为its。
4. to/until/till 考查介词。句意:由于地处中国中西部,它的大部分文化和历史都被保存下来
并流传至今。此处指“直到”今天,所以用介词to/until/till。故答案为to/until/till。
5. quantities 考查名词复数。句意:这座城市悠久的历史和丰富的文化最能体现在从城市内
部和周围发现的大量历史文物和文化遗址中。固定搭配:a quantity of+可数名词复数或不可数
名词,意为“大量的......”;quantities of+可数名词复数或不可数名词,+可数名词复数或不可
数名词。故答案为quantities。
6. that/which 考查定语从句。句意:这座城市悠久的历史和丰富的文化最能体现在从城市内
部和周围发现的大量历史文物和文化遗址中。此处 historic relics and cultural sites 是先行词,
指物,逗号后面的从句缺少引导词和主语,所以这里是that/which引导的定语从句。故答案为
that/which。
7. have showed(shown)/have been showing 考查现在完成进行时或现在完成时。句意:句
意:这座城市悠久的历史和丰富的文化最能体现在从城市内部和周围发现的大量历史文物和
文化遗址中。根据时间状语 During the past years可知,句子用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,
且句子主语 tourists 是复数形式,所以时态中的助动词用 have。故答案为 have showed
(shown)/have been showing。8. merely 考查副词。句意:然而,他们中的大多数人只知道北京或上海,因为北京是首都,
上海是最具影响力的金融中心之一。空后know是动词,由副词修饰,所给词mere是形容词,
其副词是merely。故答案为merely。
9. financial 考查形容词。句意:然而,他们中的大多数人只知道北京或上海,因为北京是
首都,上海是最具影响力的金融中心之一。空后 centers 是名词,由形容词修饰,所给词
finance是名词,其形容词是financial。故答案为financial。
10. a 考查不定冠词。句意:作为一个古老而现代的城市,它一定会给你带来惊喜。空后
surprise是名词,意为“意外之事,惊讶,惊喜”,前面用不定冠词 a,表示“一件惊喜的
事”,是抽象名词的具体化。故答案为a。
(三)
It was a warm , sunny morning . I was rushing back home, with ___1__(end) worries in my
mind. I wasn’t driving as safely as I ___2__ (normal)do either. Actually, I was speeding .
Suddenly, I saw a big dog ___3__(stand)right in the road. I came to a full stop. The dog just
___4___(shake)his head disapproving and walked slowly into the woods.
I drove away slowly wondering about that dog ___5__ showed me down. Then for ___6__ first time
that day. I noticed the sunshine passing through the green ___7__(leaf). I noticed the birds flying
high in the sky. I felt the beauty of nature ___8___ (ignore)by me before. I drove on with a clear
mind and a warm heart thanking that dog for waking me up.
Looking back now, I see I needed that reminder___9___ particular. I was getting too lost in my own
life___10___(notice)the real life. I needed to see that life is beautiful and that I should welcome
that beauty in my heart. May you enjoy every second of it and may you add your own love to it as
well.
【答案】
1. endless 2. normally 3. standing 4. shook 5. which/that
6.the 7. leaves 8. ignored 9. in 10. to notice
【解析】
1. endless 考查形容词。句意:我急着回家,心里有无尽的忧虑。句中 worries是名词worry
的复数,由形容词修饰,所给词end的形容词是endless。故答案为endless。
2. normally 考查副词。句意:我开车也不像平时那么安全。空后 do是动词,由副词修饰,
所给词normal是形容词,其副词是normally。故答案为normally。3. standing 考查非谓语动词。句意:突然,我看到一只大狗正站在路上。句中saw是谓语动
词,所给词stand是非谓语动词,且和宾语dog之间是主动关系,这里是现在分词作宾语补足
语;固定搭配:see sb. doing sth.,意为“看见某人正在做某事”。故答案为standing。
4. shook 考查一般过去时。句意:狗只是不以为然地摇了摇头,慢慢地走进了树林。文章
在描述过去发生的事情,再根据句中 and walked 可知,设空处是谓语动词,与 and后面的
walked并列,用一般过去时态,动词shake的过去式是shook。故答案为shook。
5. which/that 考查定语从句。句意:我慢慢地开车离开,心里想着那条带我下车的狗。 空
前dog是先行词,指物,后面的定语从句缺少主语和引导词,所以此处是 which/that引导的定
语从句。故答案为which/that。
6. the 考查定冠词the。句意:那天那是第一次。空后是序数词first,此处表示“第一”,
所以设空处填the。故答案为the。
7. leaves 考查名词复数。句意:我注意到阳光穿过绿叶。此处表示阳光穿过“树叶”,树
叶应该用复数形式,leaf的复数是leaves。故答案为leaves。
8. ignored 考查一般过去时。句意:我感受到了以前被我忽视的自然之美。这里在描述过去
的事情,句子用一般过去时。故答案为ignored。
9. in 考查介词。句意:现在回想起来,我发现我特别需要那个提醒。固定搭配:in
particular,意为“尤其,特别”。故答案为in。
10. to notice 考查非谓语动词。句意:我太沉迷于自己的生活,以至于没有注意到真实的生
活。固定搭配:too...to...,意为“太......而不能......”,其中动词不定式作结果状语。故答案为
to notice。
(四)
Over a thousand years ago Mayan people lived in Central American. They built large cities, temples,
palaces, and roads, ___1___ (create)the only ancient civilization in the tropical jungle rather than
the great river valley. However, the Mayan civilization began to decline in the ninth century and
became a lost history , ___2___ inspired people to find the answer to its disappearance. People knew
about many of these. But what scientists have just discovered is far more beyond ___3___
(expect).
Scientists have used lasers to find various ancient ____4___(building)hidden in the jungle. The
scientists ___5___(fly)planes over the jungle in Guatemala. They shot lasers through the trees andvines. This method, ___6___(call)lidar, let them make a 3-D map of the ground. They made a
large ancient houses. Lidar stands ___7___ “Light Detection and Ranging”. Archeologists are
excited about the things they will be able to learn about using lidar.
The scientists discovered around 60,000 ancient homes ___8___ other buildings. Palaces, tombs,
and highways____9___(find)as well. The Mayans were ___10___(general)thought to be a
large and advanced group of people. But now scientists think that the Mayan civilization was much
bigger than they thought before.
【答案】
1. creating 2. which 3. expectation(s) 4. buildings 5. flew
6.called 7. for 8. and 9. were found 10. generally
【解析】
1. creating 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们建造了大城市、寺庙、宫殿和道路,在热带丛林而
不是伟大的河谷中创造了唯一的古代文明。分析句子结构,built句子的谓语动词,所给动词
create是非谓语动词,且和句子主语 They 之间是主动关系,是现在分词作伴随状语。故答案
为creating。
2. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:然而,玛雅文明在9世纪开始衰落,成为一段失落
的历史,这激励着人们去寻找它消失的答案。逗号后面的句子缺少引导词和主语,此处是空
格前面的整个句子作先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,that不能引导非限制性
定语从句。故答案为which。
3. expectation(s) 考查词性转换。句意:但科学家们刚刚的发现远远超出了预期。介词
beyond后面用名词作宾语,所给词expect是动词,其名词是expectation,此处即可用单数也
可用复数形式。故答案为expectation(s)。
4. buildings 考查名词复数。句意:科学家们用激光找到了隐藏在丛林中的各种古建筑。
various是形容词,意为“各种各样的”,后跟名词复数。故答案为buildings。
5. flew 考查一般过去时态。句意:科学家们驾驶飞机飞越危地马拉的丛林。这里在描述过
去发生的事情,句子用一般过去时,所给词fly的过去式是flew。故答案为flew。
6. called 考查非谓语动词。句意:这种方法被称为激光雷达,可以让他们绘制出地面的三维
地图。let是句子的谓语动词,所给动词call是非谓语动词,且和句子主语This method之间是
被动关系,是过去分词作后置定语。故答案为called。
7. for 考查介词。句意:激光雷达的意思是“光探测和测距”。动词短语:stand for,意为“代表,象征”。故答案为for。
8. and 考查并列连词。句意:科学家们发现了大约6万处古代房屋和其他建筑。分析句子结
构around 60,000 ancient homes ___8___ other buildings 可知,此处用并列连词and连接并列
的宾语。故答案为and。
9. were found 考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意:宫殿、坟墓和公路也被发现
了。这里在描述过去发生的事情,句子主语 Palaces, tombs, and highways和谓语动词find之
间是被动关系,是一般过去时的被动语态,且句子主语是复数形式,被动语态中的 be动词用
were。故答案为were found。
10. generally 考查副词。句意:玛雅人通常被认为是一个庞大而先进的群体。空后面thought
是过去分词,由副词修饰,所给词 general 是形容词,其副词是 generally。故答案为
generally。