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选择性必修 Book 2 Unit 1 Science and Scientists
A 卷·基础知识通关练
一、词汇与短语
I. 重点词汇默写
1．cholera n. 霍乱
2．severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
3．germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌
4．subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
5．proof n. 证据；证明；检验
6．multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的
7．pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒
8．household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
9．suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
10．blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责
11．handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
12．link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联
13．raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
14．substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
15．decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
16．statistic n. [pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
17．epidemiology n. 流行病学
18．microscope n. 显微镜
19．cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房
20．virus n. 病毒
21．vaccine n. 疫苗
22．framework n. 框架；结构
23．cast vt. (cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
24．shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处
25．rainbow n. 彩虹
26．pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
27．concrete n. 混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
28．aerospace n. 航空航天工业
29．aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行
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31．missile n. 导弹
32．leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能
33．trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出 n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
34．outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的
35．steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
36．concept n. 概念；观念
37．telescope n. 望远镜
38．besides prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且；此外
39．brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
40．furthermore adv. 此外；再者
41．fault n. 弱点；过错
42．shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向
43．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
44．abstract adj. 抽象的；理性的 n. (文献等的)摘要
II.拓展词汇变形
1．frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate v. 使懊丧； 使懊恼； 使沮丧→frustration n.
懊丧； 懊恼； 沮丧
2．contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→contradiction n. (事实、看法、行动等的) 不一
致，矛盾→contradict v. 反驳； 驳斥； 批驳
3．infection n. 感染；传染→infect vt. 使感染；传染
4．intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉→intervene v. 出面； 介入； 插嘴
5．pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv. 仅仅；完全
6．transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变→transformer n. 变压器→transformation n. (彻
底的) 变化，改观，转变
7．thinking n. 思想；思维；见解→think v. 考虑；认为→thinker n. 思想家→thinkings n. 教导；学说
8．finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→find v. 找到；发现
9．initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv. 最初地
10．solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体→gas n. 气体→liquid n. 液体
11．patriotic adj. 爱国的→patriotism n. 爱国主义； 爱国精神
12．mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工→machine n. 机
器；设备
13．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→defence n. 保护；防御
14．assistant n. 助理；助手→assistance n. 帮助→assist v. 支持
15．gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n. 天赋；礼物
16．astronomer n. 天文学家→astronomy n. 天文学
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1． once and for all 最终地；彻底地
2． subscribe to 同意；赞同
3． water pump 水泵
4． thanks to 幸亏；由于
5． theoretical framework 理论框架
6． in charge of 主管；掌管
7． above all 最重要的是；尤其是
8． come down 患(病)；染上(小病)
9．so...that... 如此……以至于……
10．be likely to do sth 可能做某事
11．in general 一般来说
12．break out ( 战争、打斗等不愉快的事情 ) 突然开始；爆发
13．point out 指出
14．make a mistake 犯错误
15．be willing to do sth 愿意做某事
二、句式与篇章
I. 单句语法填空
1．He was recovering from a (severely) flu.
答案与解析 severe 句意：他患了严重的流感，尚未痊愈。flu是名词，故用形容词修饰。
2．They felt (frustrate) at the lack of progress.
答案与解析 frustrated 句意：没有进展，他们感到懊恼。felt是感官动词，后接形容词作表语，故填
frustrated。
3．A single mosquito can (infection) a large number of people.
答案与解析 infect 句意：一只蚊子就可以感染很多人。can是情态动词，后面接动词原形，故填
infect。
4．You must learn how to (handle)your feelings.
答案与解析 handle 句意：你必须学会如何控制自己的感情。how to do“怎么去做”。
5．She was my only (link) with the past.
答案与解析 link 句意：她是我与过去的唯一纽带。“唯一纽带”应用单数形式，故填link。
6．There has been a (decrease) in traffic accidents.
答案与解析 decrease 句意：交通事故减少了。不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，故填decrease。
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
7．My (think) always lags behind reality.
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thinking。
8. Peas and beans are a good source of vegetable (protein)．
答案与解析 protein 句意：豌豆和豆荚是植物蛋白质的大好来源。protein “蛋白质”，不可数名词。
9．One of the main (finding) of the survey was the confusion about the facilities already in place.
答案与解析 findings 句意：这项调查的一个主要发现就是对于那些已经到位的设备搞不清楚。one
＋of＋可数名词复数，故填findings。
10．A (shadow) passed over the kindly face of the old woman.
答案与解析 shadow 句意：一道阴影掠过老太太慈祥的面孔。a shadow“一道阴影”。
11．They would have killed him if he had not (defend) himself.
答案与解析 defended 考查if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，故从句用had done。
12．My parents never thought I was (gift)．
答案与解析 gifted 句意：我父母从不认为我有天赋。be动词后接形容词作表语。
13．We introduce several new terms and (concept)．
答案与解析 concepts 根据“several new terms and ”结构可知，and 前后形式一致，故填
concepts。
14．Thanks your help，we finished the work in time.
答案与解析 to 句意：多亏了你的帮助，我们及时完成了工作。thanks to“幸亏；多亏”。
15．Sea level has risen 0.2 metres.
答案与解析 by 句意：海平面上升了0.2米。rise by “上升了”。
16．He subscribes liberally charities.
答案与解析 to 句意：他慷慨地捐助慈善事业。考查固定短语subscribe to。
17．Nobody to blame for the accident.
答案与解析 was be to blame “应当受责备”。
18．She seems as she had done a great thing.
答案与解析 if 句意：她看起来好像做了一件大事。as if “好像”。
19．The trouble is I have lost his address.
答案与解析 that 考查表语从句。设空引导表语从句，但又不作任何成分，故填that。
20．I come down flu and am unable to go to work.
答案与解析 with 考查固定结构。 come down with “患病”。
21．He is charge of the school work.
答案与解析 in 考查固定结构。in charge of “负责”。
22．He does well in all his subjects, but above ， in maths.
答案与解析 all 考查固定结构。above all “最重要的；尤其”。
23．The coffee is hot that I can't drink it now.
答案与解析 so 句意：咖啡很热以至于我现在不敢喝。so...that... “如此……以至于……”。
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答案与解析 were 过去分词前加定冠词the表示一类人，作主语时谓语动词用
25．The question is it is worth doing.
答案与解析 whether 设空是表语从句的引导词，从句不缺成分，但缺少“是否”含义，故填
whether。
II.课文原句仿写
1.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house
every day.
这个男孩好像对机器人大赛非常感兴趣。
It seemed that the boy was so interested in taking part in the robot competition.
2. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
我要去修一下我的电脑，因为它出故障了。
I'll have my computer repaired because there is something wrong with it.
3. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or
boiled water.
年轻劳动力的极度缺乏很可能会在中国发生。
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China.
III. 课文缩写填空
Cholera used to be one of the most feared (disease) in the world, until a British doctor John Snow
(show) that it could be overcome. general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain
cholera spread.But Snow subscribed the second one. When an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow
discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was severe that more than 500 people died in ten
days. Later, he found the truth the water from the Broad Street pump (infect) by waste.And the people who
drank this water were much more likely (get) cholera than those who drank pure boiled water.
答案与解析
1．diseases 句意：霍乱过去是世界上最令人害怕的疾病之一。此处为固定短语“one＋of＋可数名词
复数”，故填diseases。
2．showed 设空在句中作谓语，故用一般过去时。
3．In 考查固定短语。in general “一般说来”。
4．how 句意：一般来说，当时的医生就霍乱是怎么传播的持有两种不同的理论。由句意可知，应填
how。
5．to 考查固定结构。subscribe to “订购；同意”。
6．so 句意：斯诺发现有两条街道霍乱尤其严重以至于一天就死了500多人。so...that “如此……以至
于”。
7．that 设空在句中引导同位语从句，但又不作任何成分，故填that。
8．had been infected 设空在句中作谓语；根据上下文可知水被污染发生在found之前，故用过去完成
时；水是被污染，所以填had been infected。
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10．or 根据上下文的逻辑关系，设空表示一种选择。
三、单元语法小练
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1．My feeling is that they're going to be big one day.
2．But the big surprise of the evening was when I was elected prom queen!
3．China is no longer what it used to be.
4．The reason why I'm calling you is that I want to invite you to my birthday party.
5．That she has became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.
6．What we should do next remains unknown.
7．Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
8．It's a good thing that the exams are finished.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．That's why I came here .
那就是我要来这里的原因。
2．I'm uncertain whether they will go or not .
我不能肯定他们去还是不去。
3． Which college I want to go to has not been decided.
我想上哪一所大学还没有决定下来。
4． It's a pity that she can't come to the prom—she is ill.
很遗憾她不能参加毕业舞会——她生病了。
5． Who they will choose to be captain is not known.
他们将选谁当队长还不知道。
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