专题05 生态环境、国土安全
主｜题｜简｜介
2025 年高中英语课程标准新增“生态环境”与“国土安全”两大主题，此举深刻体现了教育对国家
战略与全球性议题的积极响应，标志着英语教学从语言工具性向育人价值的深化。“生态环境”主题的
引入，直面气候变化、生物多样性保护等全球性挑战，与我国“双碳”目标和“生态文明建设”的国家
战略同频共振。它不仅要求学生掌握相关科技词汇与表达，更旨在培养其作为“地球村”一员的责任感
与可持续发展观，引导他们用英语参与全球环境治理的讨论，提升国际话语能力。而“国土安全”主题
的拓展，则超越了传统军事防御的范畴，融入了粮食安全、能源安全、网络安全等非传统安全领域，与
“总体国家安全观”紧密相连。这促使学生在学习英语时，需具备更强的信息甄别能力与批判性思维，
能够透过纷繁复杂的国际资讯，理性看待地缘政治格局，筑牢国家安全意识。二者相辅相成，共同构建
了“立足中国，放眼世界”的育人框架。通过这些主题的学习，学生不仅能提升语言能力，更能塑造兼
具家国情怀与全球胜任力的新时代公民，体现了英语教育在培养国家未来建设者中的关键作用。
原｜创｜专｜练
Passage 1
The Yellow River, often called China's "mother river," is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. For thousands
of years, this silent witness has flowed from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the northwest eastward to the sea. It
travels through nine provinces, shaping the land and nurturing a rich culture. This ancient river remains a powerful
symbol of the nation's soul and deep roots.
This year, the completion of the Yellow River National Cultural Park has turned this historic corridor into a
vast open-air museum. The park aims to protect both the river's natural beauty and its cultural heritage. It guards
spectacular landscapes created by the water flow, such as towering cliffs, deep gorges, and magnificent waterfalls.
At the same time, it preserves the rich human history that developed along its banks, showing a harmony between
nature and human achievement.
The region is a cultural corridor where ancient heritage flourished. History is layered, from the Yangshao
culture in the upper reaches, famous for its painted pottery, to the Longshan culture in the lower reaches, marked
by rice agriculture. Significant sites, like the Buddhist grottoes at Bingling Temple and the ancient city of
Luoyang, tell stories of distant dynasties and spiritual devotion. These places are like pages in a grand scroll,
recording chapters of Chinese history.
Beyond ancient relics, the park is alive with living cultural traditions. Folk performances, artisanal crafts,
festive celebrations, and culinary arts have been passed down through generations. Today, the park not only
protects the river's ecological environment but also breathes new life into ancient culture through modern display
techniques and interactive experiences. This allows visitors to immerse themselves in local traditions, taste
authentic food, and appreciate the depth of Yellow River culture.
To visit the park is to take a journey through time, connecting the past with the present. While the park is
vast, exploring key cities can offer a condensed yet profound experience. The Yellow River not only carves
majestic natural landscapes but also irrigates a brilliant culture. We invite you to witness the enduring spirit of a
civilization shaped by the river's powerful flow.
1. How does the park bring ancient culture to life for visitors today?
A. By building new temples and modern structures.
B. By using modern technology and interactive methods.
C. By focusing solely on its impressive natural scenery.
D. By selling local crafts and food to tourists.
2. What does the mention of Yangshao and Longshan cultures suggest?
A. The Yellow River area is only known for agriculture.
B. The civilization in the region developed very early.
C. Buddhism was the earliest culture in the area.
D. Lower-reach cultures were more advanced than upper-reach ones.
3. What does the passage want to do?
A. To describe the geographical route of the Yellow River.
B. To compare the different cultures along the Yellow River.
C. To introduce a new cultural park and its significance.
D. To argue for the protection of the Yellow River's ecology.
4. Why does the author suggest visiting "key cities"?
A. Because they offer a focused experience of the park's highlights.
B. Because they are the only locations with historical sites.
C. Because they are situated at the river's source.
D. Because they are less crowded than other areas.
答案与解析:
文章大意：本文介绍了新落成的黄河国家文化公园。文章阐述了该公园旨在保护黄河的自然风光和
文化遗产的双重作用，并着重说明了公园如何通过现代展示手段和活态文化传统，让古老的文明焕发新
生，从而邀请游客体验中华文明的摇篮。
1. B
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...the park...breathes new life into ancient culture through modern display
techniques and interactive experiences.”可知，公园通过现代展示技术和互动体验为古老文化注入新生命。
选项B“通过使用现代技术和互动方法”与此意相符。选项A“建造新寺庙和现代建筑”文中未提及；选项
C“只关注其令人印象深刻的自然风光”与原文不符，公园也关注文化遗产；选项D“向游客销售当地手工
艺品和食物”是文化体验的一部分，但不是为文化“注入新生命”的主要方式。
2. B
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...from the Yangshao culture...dating back 5,000 to 7,000 years...”可知，
仰韶文化距今已有五千至七千年历史。这个时间点表明该地区的文明发展得非常早。选项B“该地区的文
明发展得非常早”是合理的推断。选项A“黄河地区仅以农业闻名”过于片面，文中还提到了彩陶；选项
C“佛教是该地区最早的文化”与原文信息矛盾，仰韶文化早于佛教传入；选项D“下游文化比上游文化更
先进”文中并未进行比较，属于无中生有。
3. C
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章的核心内容是围绕“黄河国家文化公园”展开的。第一段引出黄
河的背景，第二段介绍公园的建立和目标，第三、四段具体介绍公园内的文化遗产和活态传统，第五段
总结并发出邀请。因此，文章的主要目的是介绍这个新建的文化公园及其价值。选项C“介绍一个新的文
化公园及其重要性”最能概括全文主旨和目的的。选项A、B、D 虽然都在文中有所提及，但都是为介绍
公园服务的具体信息，不是文章的主要写作目的。
4. A
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While the park is vast, exploring key cities can offer a condensed yet
profound experience.”可知，作者认为公园非常广阔，而探索“关键城市”可以提供一种“浓缩而深刻的
体验”。由此可以推断，作者建议游客参观关键城市是因为这些地方能让游客在有限的时间内高效地领
略公园的精华。选项A“因为它们提供了公园亮点的集中体验”符合此推断。选项B、C、D 的内容在文中
均没有信息支持。
Passage 2
More than a decade ago, the Chilechuan Grassland faced serious environmental damage. Too much farming
and digging had destroyed the land, leaving most of it unused. The thin soil was blown away by wind, with only a
few tough plants remaining between stones. The situation seemed hopeless, with experts joking that it would be
easier to bring in new grass than to fix the existing land.
However, a turnaround began in 2012 with a restoration project. The key approach was "working with
nature." Instead of forcing man-made changes, the project aimed to cooperate with natural processes. The central
idea was to use local plants rather than foreign ones. Researchers identified native grasses and flowers that could
survive in the poor soil. Although the first attempt was washed away by rain, green shoots soon appeared from the
rocky ground, showing the strength of these native species.
The effort was highly successful. Within a few years, the once-barren land was covered by over 70 types of
plants, creating a rich ecosystem. Wildlife like foxes and hares returned. The area became a national park,
attracting millions of visitors and generating significant income. Most importantly, the new grassland can now
sustain itself with natural rainfall alone, proving the project's long-term success.
This achievement is based on a new way of thinking about ecological repair. A company involved in the
project has built a special bank for seeds and soil samples from across northern China. They focus on studying and
growing local plants, which are better adapted and require less care than foreign species. They also developed a
smart data system to help choose the best combination of local plants for any specific environment, making the
restoration work more effective.
This successful model is now being applied in other challenging areas and is even being shared
internationally. The principle is not to export Chinese seeds, but to help other countries use their own native plants
to restore their damaged lands. This experience offers a valuable lesson for ecological restoration efforts
worldwide, emphasizing that the best solution often lies within nature itself.
1. What is the main message the author aims to convey?
A. The beauty of the Chilechuan Grassland attracts many tourists.
B. A company’s business model has brought huge economic benefits.
C. Using local species is key to successful ecological restoration.
D. New technologies have made environmental protection easier.
2. What can be inferred about the “working with nature” approach?
A. It is a faster method compared to traditional ones.
B. It creates a more stable and self-sustaining ecosystem.
C. It relies heavily on artificial watering and fertilizers.
D. It was first developed by the company M-Grass.
3. How does the smart data system contribute to restoration work?
A. By storing money for future ecological projects.
B. By predicting weather changes in the region.
C. By selecting the most suitable local plants for a site.
D. By growing foreign plants in a controlled environment.
4. What is the core principle of the company’s international work?
A. Selling Chinese seeds to other countries at a low price.
B. Helping other nations use their own native plants for repair.
C. Building large parks for foreign governments to copy.
D. Teaching other countries how to develop tourism.
答案与解析：
文章大意：本文通过敕勒川草原生态修复的成功案例，阐述了“近自然”的修复理念。文章强调了
利用本地植物物种而非外来物种是恢复生物多样性和生态系统稳定性的核心方法。这种以科学研究和数
据平台为支撑的模式，不仅取得了生态和经济效益，还为中国乃至世界的生态修复工作提供了宝贵的经
验。
1. C
主旨大意题。文章通篇围绕敕勒川草原的修复展开，但其核心并非仅仅描述事件本身，而是揭示其
成功背后的关键方法。文章多次强调使用本地物种的重要性，如第二段的核心思想“ to use local plants
rather than foreign ones”，第四段详细介绍了公司对本地物种的研究和利用，第五段则将这一原则推广到
国际。因此，文章旨在传达的核心信息是“利用本地物种是生态修复成功的关键”。选项A（草原美景
吸引游客）和选项B（公司商业模式带来经济效益）只是成功的结果，并非文章主旨。选项D（新技术使
环保更容易）过于宽泛，文章聚焦的是“本地物种”这一具体方法。
2. B
推理判断题。文章第二段提到“working with nature”的方法是利用本地物种，第三段描述了其结果：
“the new grassland can now sustain itself with natural rainfall alone”（新草原现在可以仅靠自然降雨维持自
身）。这表明修复后的生态系统具备了自我维持的能力，是稳定和平衡的。由此可以推断，这种方法创
造了一个更稳定、更有弹性的生态系统。选项A（比传统方法更快）文章未提及。选项C（依赖人工浇水
和施肥）与第三段“sustain itself with natural rainfall alone”的信息相悖。选项D（由M-Grass 公司首创）文
章未提供足够信息支持，只说该公司是项目参与者。
3. C
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句，“They also developed a smart data system to help choose the best
combination of local plants for any specific environment...”，这个智能数据系统的作用是帮助“为任何特定环
境选择最佳的本地植物组合”。选项C（为某个地点选择最合适的本地植物）是对此信息的准确概括。选
项A（为未来生态项目存钱）、B（预测该地区天气变化）和D（在受控环境中种植外来植物）在文章中
均未提及或与原文不符。
4. B
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“ The principle is not to export Chinese seeds, but to help other
countries use their own native plants to restore their damaged lands.” 其核心原则是“帮助其他国家使用它们
自己的本地植物来修复受损的土地”。选项B 是对此句的同义转述，为正确答案。选项A（低价向别国
出售中国种子）与原文“not to export Chinese seeds”直接矛盾。选项C（为外国政府建造大型公园供其模
仿）和D（教其他国家如何发展旅游业）均不是文章提到的核心原则。
Passage 3
China's vision of achieving harmony between humanity and nature is not only benefiting the nation but also
offering a new path for global sustainable development. The core concept, that clear waters and green mountains
are valuable assets, was first proposed in 2005. This idea marked the beginning of a new chapter in China's pursuit
of ecological conservation and green development, guiding the nation's progress for nearly two decades.
This ecological approach corrects the old model of "polluting first and cleaning up later" that some
developed nations once followed. It is deeply rooted in the traditional Chinese belief that humanity should exist in
harmony with nature. Guided by this principle, China has successfully balanced economic growth with
environmental protection. For instance, the country has achieved significant economic expansion while effectively
controlling its increase in energy consumption, proving that protecting the environment can go hand-in-hand with
developing the economy.
The practical benefits of this green philosophy are evident. Large-scale implementation of the concept has
played a key role in the nation's poverty alleviation efforts. New models like eco-agriculture and ecotourism have
helped lift nearly 100 million rural residents out of poverty, achieving a major United Nations goal ten years ahead
of schedule. This success demonstrates that improving the natural environment can directly improve people's
livelihoods and create economic value.
Furthermore, China has become a world leader in renewable energy, making significant contributions to
global growth in non-fossil energy consumption. Its experience provides both theoretical and practical guidance
for other developing countries. It shows them that it is possible to develop economically without sacrificing the
environment, offering a valuable alternative to the traditional path of industrialization. This model of ecological
development and poverty alleviation has offered the world a new way to use green solutions to eradicate poverty
and achieve sustainable growth.
Experts emphasize that ecological civilization cannot be achieved by one nation alone; it requires broad
international cooperation. China's active participation in global green initiatives reflects its commitment to sharing
its experience and working with the international community. The nation's journey demonstrates that a
commitment to green development can lead to prosperity, offering inspiration and hope for a more sustainable
future for all.
1. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To argue that economic growth is more important than environmental protection.
B. To introduce China's ecological concept and its global significance.
C. To criticize the environmental policies of developed nations.
D. To provide a detailed history of China's economic development.
2. What can be inferred from China's success in poverty alleviation?
A. International financial aid is the only way to end poverty.
B. Environmental protection can be a tool for creating economic wealth.
C. Developing countries must copy China's exact methods to succeed.
D. Traditional agriculture is no longer useful in modern society.
3. How does the article describe China's ecological concept?
A. As a modern reflection of traditional Chinese philosophy.
B. As a political slogan with little practical effect.
C. As an idea borrowed directly from Western experts.
D. As a completely new theory without historical roots.
4. What does China's experience offer to other developing nations?
A. Proof that environmental protection harms economic growth.
B. An alternative model to balance growth and environmental protection.
C. A faster way to industrialize without any rules.
D. A guarantee of receiving international support.
答案与解析：
文章大意：本文主要介绍了中国“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态文明理念。文章阐述了该理念的
起源、其与中国传统哲学的联系，并详细说明了该理念如何帮助中国在实现经济增长的同时保护环境、
成功消除贫困。最后，文章强调中国的经验为其他发展中国家提供了新的发展模式，并指出生态文明建
设需要全球合作。
1. B
本题为主旨大意题。文章开篇即点明主旨，介绍中国的生态文明理念不仅造福本国，也为全球可持
续发展提供了新路径。全文围绕这一核心理念，阐述了其内涵、在国内的成功实践（如经济增长、扶
贫、可再生能源发展）及其对世界的启示。选项B“介绍中国的生态理念及其全球意义”最能全面、准确
地概括全文主旨。选项A 与文章核心观点相反；选项C 过于片面，文章的重点是介绍中国的成功经验而
非批评他国；选项D 范围过窄，文章不仅涉及经济发展，更核心的是生态与发展的结合。
2. B
本题为推理判断题。文章第三段提到，通过生态农业、生态旅游等新模式，中国帮助近亿农村人口
脱贫，这证明了“改善自然环境可以直接改善民生并创造经济价值”。由此可以推断出，环境保护本身
可以成为创造财富的工具。选项B“环境保护可以成为创造经济财富的工具”正是这一深层含义的推断。
选项A 文章未提及；选项C 中的“copy exactly”过于绝对，文章说的是提供“alternative model”（替代模
式）；选项D 文章未提及，属于无中生有。
3. A
本题为细节理解题。文章第二段明确指出，这一生态理念“is deeply rooted in the traditional Chinese
belief that humanity should exist in harmony with nature”（深深植根于中国关于人与自然和谐共生的传统信
仰）。这说明该理念是对中国传统哲学的现代诠释。选项A“作为中国传统哲学的现代体现”准确地表达
了这一信息。选项B 与文章中大量的事实相悖；选项C 与文章中“corrects the old model of some developed
nations”的表述不符；选项D 与文章中“deeply rooted in the traditional Chinese belief”的表述相矛盾。
4. B
本题为推理判断题。文章第四段集中阐述了中国经验的全球意义，明确指出“China's experience
provides both theoretical and practical guidance for other developing countries. It shows them that it is possible to
develop economically without sacrificing the environment, offering a valuable alternative to the traditional path of
industrialization.”（中国的经验为其他发展中国家提供了理论和实践指导。它向他们表明，在不牺牲环境
的情况下实现经济发展是可能的，为传统的工业化道路提供了宝贵的替代方案）。由此可知，中国提供
的是一个平衡发展与环保的替代模式。选项B“一个平衡增长与环境保护的替代模式”是对此信息的最佳
概括。选项A 与文章观点相反；选项C 是对文章的曲解，文章强调的是绿色发展，而非没有规则的发
展；选项D 中的“guarantee”（保证）一词过于绝对，文章并未做出此类承诺。
Passage 4
Beijing is increasingly using advanced technology to protect its environment. A senior official from the city's
Ecology and Environment Bureau announced that Beijing has taken the lead in China by creating a new method to
analyze PM2.5, tiny harmful particles in the air. This method helps to precisely identify pollution sources and their
effects. As a result, the city’s annual average PM2.5 density has seen a major drop since 2013, showing the
success of their efforts.
To support this work, the city has built a complete monitoring system using smart technologies for its water,
soil, and air. This includes the country's first tracking system designed to watch heavy truck emissions. According
to the director of the city's environmental monitoring center, more than 200,000 smart technology spots and over
20 algorithms are now in use to track the quality of the environment. These tools provide a large amount of data
for analysis and decision-making.
A particularly new method for monitoring water quality involves a "fish face recognition" system. Developed
by a local research institute, this system uses 5G and AI technologies to understand water conditions by observing
the variety and diversity of fish living in it. The system is already being used on several major rivers in Beijing,
offering a creative way to check the health of the water ecosystem.
Looking ahead, Beijing plans to strengthen its research on environmental technologies. Future work will
focus on understanding how certain pollutants move and change in the atmosphere. The city also aims to improve
its ability to forecast air quality over the long term. Furthermore, initiatives are being developed to create low-
cost, high-efficiency solutions for reducing pollution from daily life activities.
Finally, Beijing is committed to building a digital smart management system to help manage the challenges
of a large city. By using big data and AI, the city hopes to solve issues like the lack of connected data from vehicle
monitoring. A comprehensive monitoring network for all vehicle emissions is currently being planned, which will
further support the city's goal of a cleaner and healthier environment.
1. What does the passage want to tell us?
A. Technology for solution to pollution.
B. Beijing's high-tech methods for environmental protection.
C. The air quality in Beijing with that in other cities.
D. The officials working for the Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau.
2. What can be inferred about the "fish face recognition" system?
A. It completely replaces traditional water testing methods.
B. It shows that technology can offer creative solutions to environmental issues.
C. It is too expensive to be used in smaller rivers.
D. It was developed by a foreign technology company.
3. What issue is the future digital system designed to solve?
A. The high cost of setting up monitoring stations.
B. The difficulty in tracking the sources of PM2.5.
C. The lack of connected data from vehicle monitoring.
D. The movement and changes of nitrate in the air.
4. What does the passage suggest about Beijing's environmental efforts?
A. They have achieved their final goal of a perfectly clean city.
B. They are a combination of current actions and future planning.
C. They focus more on water quality than on air pollution.
D. They have failed to reduce the density of PM2.5 effectively.
答案与解析:
文章大意：本文主要介绍了北京市如何利用高科技手段，如创新的PM2.5 源解析方法、智能监测网
络和“鱼脸识别”系统，来全面监测和改善其空气、水质和土壤环境，并阐述了该市在未来通过数字化
和智能化手段进一步加强环境保护的计划。
1.B
主旨大意题。 题目问文章的主要目的。文章通篇围绕北京如何运用高科技（如PM2.5 源解析、智能
监测点、鱼脸识别系统、未来数字化管理系统等）来保护和改善环境展开。选项B“讨论北京用于环境保
护的高科技方法”最准确地概括了全文的核心内容。选项A“论证技术是解决污染的唯一方案”过于绝
对，文章并未提及“唯一”。选项C“比较北京与其他城市的空气质量”文章未涉及。选项D“列出北京市
生态环境局的官员姓名”只是文章提及的细节，并非主旨。
2.B
推理判断题。 题目问从“鱼脸识别”系统中可以推断出什么。文章第三段提到，该系统通过观察鱼
的种类和多样性来掌握水质，这是一种“novel approach”（新颖的方法）。这表明了将AI 和5G 技术应用
于生态监测的创新思维。选项B“表明技术可以为环境问题提供创造性的解决方案”是对此信息的合理推
断。选项A“它完全取代了传统的水质检测方法”无法从文中推出，文章只说它是一种新方法，并未说取
代了所有旧方法。选项C“它对于在小河流使用来说太昂贵了”文章未提及成本。选项D“它是由一家外国
科技公司开发的”与原文“由北京市生态环境保护科学研究院开发”信息不符。
3.C
细节理解题。 题目问未来的数字系统旨在解决什么问题。文章最后一段明确指出，该市致力于利用
大数据和人工智能解决“such as insufficient integration of monitoring data for motor vehicles”（例如机动车
监测数据整合不足的问题）。选项C“缺乏来自车辆监测的关联数据”是对此信息的精准同义转述。选项
A“建立监测站的高成本”文章未提及。选项B“追踪PM2.5 来源的困难”在文章开头就已通过新方法解决
了。选项D“硝酸盐在大气中的迁移和转化”是未来研究的一个具体科学问题，不是数字管理系统要解决
的集成问题。
4.B
推理判断题。 题目问文章暗示了北京的环境努力是怎样的。文章前半部分详细描述了已经实施并取
得成效的措施（如PM2.5 浓度下降），后半部分则用“Looking ahead”和“Finally”引出了未来的研究计划
和数字化管理系统的构建。这表明北京的努力是“正在进行”和“未来规划”的结合。选项B“它们是当
前行动与未来规划的相结合”准确地反映了这一结构。选项A“它们已经实现了拥有完美洁净城市的最终
目标”过于夸大，文章仍在规划未来。选项C“它们更关注水质而非空气污染”不正确，文章用大量篇幅
描述了空气污染治理。选项D“它们未能有效降低PM2.5 浓度”与原文“annual average density of PM2.5
has seen a major drop”事实相反。
Passage 5
On the afternoon of May 27, Lei Jinyu, the head of a conservation center, was preparing a lecture near
Qinghai Lake, China's largest lake. He felt nervous, worrying his audience of local Tibetan people might not
understand his Mandarin. To his relief, he found they were mostly female tour guides who spoke fluent Mandarin.
His anxiety gone, Lei eagerly introduced the world of bird-watching, detailing the common birds around the lake.
The lecture proved to be a great learning opportunity. A local pastoral patrolman, whose job includes
protecting grasslands and monitoring wildlife, shared his excitement. "I finally know the Mandarin names of birds
I see often, like the black-necked crane," he said, realizing the area's importance as a bird habitat. Similarly, a
young guide who works with an endangered animal felt more confident. "After the lecture, I can provide better
answers to our tourists," she noted, planning to suggest adding more bird-related content to her tours.
This educational session was part of a larger event, "Beautiful Qinghai, Bird-watching at the Great Lake."
Though it took the form of a race where teams tried to identify the most bird species, the main goal was public
education. An official from the local management administration explained that Qinghai Lake is a vital ecosystem.
The event aimed to raise public awareness of bird protection and build support for creating a national park, which
would protect not only the scenery but also its rich biodiversity.
Sixty bird enthusiasts from across China joined the three-day competition. They faced challenges, driving
over 1,000 kilometers on rough roads to reach the best spots. Equipped with cameras and telescopes, their focused
search became part of the landscape. For many, the motivation was not just winning but the thrill of bird-watching
and the hope of making new discoveries for the region.
Their efforts were highly successful. In total, 175 bird species were recorded, including some extremely rare
ones. A birdwatcher from Shanghai spotted a rare water bird, a "lifer" for him, and his team found a species new
to the nature reserve. Despite an accident where one participant was injured, her team continued and achieved a
highlight by finding another rare goose. A local expert concluded that the event greatly expanded everyone's
understanding of the bird world around Qinghai Lake, showing the value of such scientific competitions in nature
conservation.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The rules of a bird-watching competition.
B. The educational and conservation value of a bird race.
C. The tourism potential of Qinghai Lake.
D. The challenges of bird-watching in the wild.
2. What can be inferred from the local people's reactions to the lecture?
A. They were completely unfamiliar with the birds in their region.
B. They gained a deeper scientific understanding of their environment.
C. They were more interested in tourism than in conservation.
D. They preferred practical skills to theoretical knowledge.
3. According to paragraph 4, what primarily motivated the bird-watchers to participate?
A. The desire to win a significant prize.
B. The opportunity to travel around Qinghai Lake for free.
C. The excitement of the activity and the chance for new findings.
D. The responsibility to help local communities protect the grasslands.
4. The local expert's conclusion in the last paragraph implies that ______.
A. traditional bird surveys were comprehensive and accurate
B. the event's findings challenged previous beliefs about the local ecosystem
C. future conservation work should only rely on bird-watchers
D. the number of bird species in Qinghai Lake had decreased
答案与解析:
文章大意：本文主要介绍了在青海湖举办的一场独特的观鸟比赛。文章通过描述该活动如何将竞赛
与教育相结合，阐述了其对当地社区居民（牧民、导游）和外地观鸟爱好者产生的积极影响，强调了此
次活动在提升公众生态保护意识、促进国家公园建设以及拓展对青海湖鸟类世界认知方面的重要价值。
1.B
主旨大意题。文章开篇以一场讲座引出活动，接着描述了讲座对当地人的教育意义（第二段），然
后点明这是一个以教育为主要目的的观鸟比赛（第三段），最后讲述了比赛的过程及其在物种发现和生
态认知上的重要成果（第四、五段）。全文围绕“观鸟比赛”展开，但核心在于强调其“教育”和“保
护”的双重价值，而不仅仅是比赛本身。选项A“观鸟比赛的规则”过于片面；选项C“青海湖的旅游潜
力”只是活动的次要方面；选项D“野外观鸟的挑战”仅在第四段提及，不是文章主旨。选项B“观鸟比赛
的教育和保护价值”最准确地概括了全文的核心内容和写作目的。
2.B
推理判断题。根据第二段，牧民通过讲座“终于知道了我经常看到的那些鸟的名字”，并意识到自
己所在的区域是“许多水鸟的重要家园”；导游则表示可以“为我们的游客提供更好的答案”。这表明
他们原本对鸟类有感性认识，但通过讲座获得了更系统、更科学的认知，提升了专业素养。选项A“对当
地的鸟类完全陌生”与原文“我经常看到的那些鸟”矛盾；选项C“对旅游的兴趣大于保护”无法从文中
推出，导游想增加鸟类内容恰恰体现了对保护的重视；选项D“更喜欢实用技能而非理论知识”属于过度
推断，文章没有比较他们的偏好。选项B“对他们的环境有了更深的科学理解”是对他们反应的合理推
断。
3.C
细节理解题。题目要求根据第四段内容回答。第四段最后一句明确指出：“对他们许多人来说，动
力来自于观鸟的刺激感和为该地区发现新物种的希望。” 这直接对应了选项C“活动的兴奋感和新发现的
机会”。选项A“赢得大奖的愿望”和选项B“免费环游青海湖的机会”在文中均未提及；选项D“帮助当
地社区保护草原的责任”是官员举办活动的目的（第三段），而非观鸟者个人的主要动机。
4.B
推理判断题。最后一段引用专家的话说，这次活动“极大地扩展了人们对青海湖周围鸟类世界的了
解”。结合前文提到的发现了“该自然保护区的新记录物种”和“在青海湖极为罕见的鸟类”，可以推
断出这次比赛的成果更新甚至改变了以往对该地区鸟类种类的认知。选项A“传统的鸟类调查是全面准确
的”与“扩展了了解”的含义相反；选项C“未来的保护工作应只依赖观鸟者”过于绝对和片面；选项
D“青海湖的鸟类数量减少了”与文中记录了175 种鸟且发现新物种的事实不符。选项B“活动的发现挑战
了关于当地生态系统的先前认知”是专家结论的合理引申。
Passage 6
请阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或使用括号中单词的正确形式。
China has taken a significant step to protect its natural environment by approving the establishment of the
Huangyan Island National Nature Reserve. The State Council, China's Cabinet, gave its official approval on
Tuesday. This decision, (1)_____ serves as a crucial safeguard, aims to protect the diversity, stability, and long-
term health of the island's natural ecosystem. It is a strong commitment (2)_____ preserving the unique marine
life for future generations.
According to the official reply, relevant departments must strictly follow the regulations on nature reserves.
They (3)_____(require) to fulfill their environmental protection duties and strengthen cooperation. A robust
management framework must be established (4)_____(ensure) that all protective measures are put into practice.
Furthermore, supervision and law enforcement against illegal activities within the reserve will be intensified. The
primary goal is to continuously improve the (5)_____(construct) and administration of this vital protected area.
The Huangyan Island National Nature Reserve covers (6)_____ total area of 3,523.67 hectares, with a core
zone of 1,242.55 hectares. The main conservation target is the coral reef ecosystem, which is home to a wide
variety of species. Huangyan Island is an inherent part of China, (7)_____ is located in the Zhongsha Islands of
the South China Sea. It is administered by Sansha City in Hainan province.
The island has a circumference of about 55 kilometers and covers an area of around 150 square kilometers.
The waters surrounding it are rich in marine life, (8)_____ (make) it a key biodiversity spot. Last year, a report on
the island's ecological environment was published. It was based on an on-site investigation (9)_____(conduct)
from May to June 2024.
The report brought some very (10)_____(hope) news. It indicated that the coral reef ecosystem of Huangyan
Island has thrived despite the global coral bleaching crisis. There has been an increase in live coral coverage and
enhanced species diversity, showing an exceptional marine environment that remains in excellent condition.
【答案】1. which 2. to 3. are required 4. to ensure 5. construction
6. a 7. and 8.making 9. conducted 10. hopeful
【解析】
文章大意：本文报道了中国国务院批准建立黄岩岛国家级自然保护区的消息。文章概述了该保护区
的重要意义、管理要求、具体细节（如面积和保护目标）、地理位置，以及近期报告所揭示的该岛珊瑚
礁生态系统的良好状况。
1.本题考查从句引导词。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词“This decision”。从句中缺少
主语，且指代物，故用关系代词which。
2.本题考查介词。固定搭配 commitment to doing sth. 意为“致力于做某事”。此处 preserving 为动
名词，故前面用介词to。
3. 本题考查动词的时态和语态。主语“They”（指代relevant departments）是动作“require”的承受
者，因此应用被动语态。根据上下文时态（全文为一般现在时叙述），此处应使用一般现在时的被动语
态，且主语为复数，故填 are required。
4. 本题考查非谓语动词。此处使用不定式作目的状语，解释“建立强大的管理框架”的目的是“确
保所有保护措施得以实施”。故填 to ensure。
5. 本题考查词形转换（动词变名词）。空格前为定冠词“the”，空格后为连词“and”，其连接的另一
个名词是“administration”。因此，此处需要一个名词与“administration”并列，作动词“improve”的宾
语。提示词 construct (动词) 的名词形式是 construction。
6.本题考查冠词。total area 是一个可数名词短语，且此处为首次提到，表示“一个总面积”，应用
不定冠词 a。
7. 本题考查并列连词。此处连接两个并列的句子：“Huangyan Island is an inherent part of China”和
“is located in the Zhongsha Islands...”。两个句子是并列关系，故用并列连词 and。
8.本题考查非谓语动词。此处用“making”表示伴随的结果，和句子的主谓构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
9. 本题考查非谓语动词。此处 investigation 与动词 conduct 之间是被动关系（调查是被执行的），
因此应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰 investigation。
10. 本题考查词形转换（名词变形容词）。空格处需要修饰名词 news，应用形容词。提示词 hope
(名词) 的形容词形式是 hopeful，意为“充满希望的”。
