译林版选必 B1U2 Wordlist Page 100 左边词汇讲解(详解版)
译林版选必 B1U2 Wordlist Page 100 左边词汇讲解(详解版)
1.*Austrian/ˈɒstriən/ adj.奥地利的,奥地利人的(15)
2.composer/kəmˈpəʊzə(r)/ n. 作曲家,作曲者(15)
3.symphony/ˈsɪmfəni/ n. 交响乐,交响曲 (15)
4.*concerto/kənˈtʃeətəʊ/ n. 协奏曲(15)
5.*Polish/ˈpəʊlɪʃ/ adj.波兰的,波兰人的,波兰语的(15)
6.compose/kəmˈpəʊz/ vt. & vi. 作曲;组成;撰写;使镇静(16)
7.deserve/dɪˈzɜːv/ vt. 值得,应得(16)
8.tear apart使(关系密切的人)分离,分开 (16)
9.pleasant/ˈpleznt/ adj. 令人愉快的,可喜的;友好的,和善的(16)
10.whisper/ˈwɪspə(r)/ vi. & vt. 耳语,低语;私下说;沙沙作响n. 低语;轻柔的声音;传言(16)
11.dramatic/drəˈmætɪk/ adj.激动人心的,引人注目的;突然的;戏剧的;夸张的(16)
12.weep/wiːp/ vi. & vt. (wept, wept) 哭泣,流泪 (16)
13.overcome/ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ vt. (overcame ,overcome) 受到…的极大影响;克服,解决;战胜(16)
14.sorrow/ˈsɒrəʊ/ n. 悲伤,悲痛;伤心事 (16)
15.*grave/ɡreɪv/ n. 坟墓;死亡,去世adj. 严重的;严肃的(16)
16.transform/trænsˈfɔːm/ vi. & vt.(使)变形,(使)改观,(使)转化(16)
17.forever/fərˈevə(r)/ adv.永远;长久地;老是(16)
18.combine/kəmˈbaɪn/ vt. & vi.(使)融合;(使)结合,(使)混合;兼做;合并(16)
19.rely/rɪˈlaɪ/ on依赖,依靠;信任(17)
20.blues/bluːz/ n. (the blues)布鲁斯音乐,蓝调;忧郁,悲伤(17)
21.folk/fəʊk/ adj. 民间的,民俗的n. 民间音乐;人们;各位;家人(17)
1. *Austrian /ˈɒstriən/ adj. 奥地利的,奥地利人的 (15)
常用词性词形变化
名词:Austria(奥地利)
名词:Austrian(奥地利人,单复数同形)
常用短语
Austrian Alps 奥地利阿尔卑斯山
Austrian capital 奥地利首都
Austrian culture 奥地利文化
an Austrian composer 一位奥地利作曲家
常用句式
Many worldfamous classical composers, including Mozart and Haydn, were Austrian.
许多世界闻名的古典作曲家,包括莫扎特和海顿,都是奥地利人。
The Austrian countryside, with its rolling green hills and charming villages, looks like something out of a fairy tale.
奥地利乡村有着连绵起伏的绿色山丘和迷人的村庄,看上去就像童话故事中的景色。
She spent a semester studying music in Vienna, the Austrian capital, and fell in love with the city’s rich cultural life.
她在奥地利首都维也纳学习了一个学期的音乐,并爱上了这座城市丰富的文化生活。
关联词
Austria(奥地利),Vienna(维也纳),German(德国的,德语的),European(欧洲的)
特别注意点
Austrian 作名词时单复数同形,如 an Austrian / two Austrian
注意与Australia(澳大利亚)和Australian(澳大利亚的/人)区分
作文写作可用句式
The Austrian tradition of holding grand New Year concerts featuring Strauss waltzes has spread across the globe, bringing joy to millions of music lovers every year.
奥地利举办以施特劳斯圆舞曲为主题的大型新年音乐会的传统已传播至全球,每一年都为数百万音乐爱好者带来欢乐。
2. composer /kəmˈpəʊzə(r)/ n. 作曲家,作曲者 (15)
常用词性词形变化
动词:compose(作曲;组成;撰写;使镇静)
名词:composition(作曲;作文;构成;成分)
形容词:composed(镇静的,沉着的)
常用短语
a classical composer 古典作曲家
a film composer 电影配乐作曲家
a composer of operas 歌剧作曲家
a prolific composer 多产的作曲家
be composed of 由….组成
常用句式
Beethoven is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western classical music.
贝多芬被广泛认为是西方古典音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。
She earns her living as a freelance composer, writing original scores for independent films and documentaries.
她以自由作曲家的身份谋生,为独立电影和纪录片创作原创配乐。
The young composer began playing the piano at age four and wrote his first piece of music when he was only seven.
那位年轻的作曲家四岁开始弹钢琴,年仅七岁时就写出了他的第一首音乐作品。
关联词
musician(音乐家),conductor(指挥),songwriter(歌曲作者),pianist(钢琴家),violinist (指小提琴演奏者)
特别注意点
composer 由动词compose 加后缀 er 构成。
注意发音:重音在第二音节 /kəmˈpəʊzə(r)/。
不同领域的“创作者”有不同说法:composer(音乐创作)、author(文字创作)、artist(艺术创作)。
作文写作可用句式
A great composer does not simply arrange notes on a page; he or she weaves emotions, stories, and the spirit of an age into a language that speaks directly to the human heart.
一位伟大的作曲家不仅仅是在纸上排列音符;他或她把情感、故事和一个时代的精神编织成一种直接与人类心灵对话的语言。
3. symphony /ˈsɪmfəni/ n. 交响乐,交响曲 (15)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:symphonic(交响乐的,交响曲的)
名词复数:symphonies
常用短语
compose a symphony 创作交响曲
conduct a symphony 指挥交响乐
symphony orchestra 交响乐团
a symphony of colours/sounds 色彩/声音的交响
常用句式
The Shanghai Symphony Orchestra gave a breathtaking performance of Tchaikovsky’s Fifth Symphony last night.
上海交响乐团昨晚演奏了柴可夫斯基的第五交响曲,演出精彩得令人屏息。
She has been working on her first symphony for over three years, pouring all her energy into this ambitious project.
她已经为自己的第一部交响曲耕耘了三年多,将全部精力倾注进了这个雄心勃勃的创作计划中。
The sunset over the ocean was a magnificent symphony of pink, orange, and deep purple.
海上的日落是一场由粉红、橙黄和深紫色构成的宏伟交响。
关联词
concerto(协奏曲),sonata(奏鸣曲),overture(序曲),orchestra(管弦乐队)
特别注意点
symphony 既可指“交响曲”这种音乐体裁(可数名词),也可比喻为“多种事物和谐的组合”。
symphony orchestra 指大型管弦乐团,规模通常比chamber orchestra(室内乐团)大。
著名交响曲作家:Beethoven(贝多芬)、Mahler(马勒)、Tchaikovsky(柴可夫斯基)。
作文写作可用句式
Walking through the bustling marketplace was like listening to a symphony of everyday life, with the calls of vendors, the laughter of children, and the clatter of cooking utensils all blending into a rich and vibrant harmony.
穿行在熙熙攘攘的市场中,就像在聆听一曲日常生活的交响乐,商贩的叫卖声、孩子们的笑声和厨具的碰撞声全都融合成一种丰富而生动的和声。
4. *concerto /kənˈtʃeətəʊ/ n. 协奏曲 (15)
常用词性词形变化
名词复数:concertos(或 concerti /kənˈtʃeəti/)
常用短语
piano/violin concerto 钢琴/小提琴协奏曲
perform a concerto 演奏协奏曲
compose a concerto 创作协奏曲
a concerto for two pianos 双钢琴协奏曲
常用句式
The young pianist’s performance of the Mozart Piano Concerto No. 21 brought the entire audience to their feet.
那位年轻钢琴家演奏的莫扎特第21号钢琴协奏曲让全场观众都起立鼓掌。
This concerto is famous for its challenging solo passages and the beautiful dialogue between the orchestra and the violin.
这部协奏曲以其高难度的独奏段落以及管弦乐队与小提琴之间优美的对话而闻名。
He spent months practising the concerto before the competition, determined to impress the judges with his technical skill and musical expression.
他花了数月时间在赛前练习这首协奏曲,决心用自己的技巧和音乐表现力打动评委。
关联词
symphony(交响曲),sonata(奏鸣曲),solo(独奏),orchestra(管弦乐队),cadenza(华彩乐段)
特别注意点
concerto 的复数既可用concertos,也可用意式复数concerti。
协奏曲通常由一件独奏乐器(如钢琴、小提琴)与整个管弦乐队合作演奏,二者之间形成对比与对话。
作文写作可用句式
The concerto reached its emotional peak in the slow movement, where the solo cello sang a melody of such heartbreaking beauty that time itself seemed to stand still.
这首协奏曲在慢乐章中达到了情感的高潮,独奏大提琴吟唱出一段美得令人心碎的旋律,让时间本身似乎都为之凝固。
5. *Polish /ˈpəʊlɪʃ/ adj. 波兰的,波兰人的,波兰语的 (15)
常用词性词形变化
名词:Poland(波兰),Pole(波兰人),Polish(波兰语)
常用短语
Polish history 波兰历史
Polish culture 波兰文化
speak Polish 讲波兰语
Polish sausage 波兰香肠
Polish composer 波兰作曲家
常用句式
Copernicus, the famous astronomer who proposed that the Earth revolves around the sun, was Polish.
提出地球绕太阳运转的著名天文学家哥白尼是波兰人。
I can’t understand a word of Polish, but the emotion in her singing needed no translation.
我一句波兰语也听不懂,但她歌声中的情感根本不需要翻译。
The Polish pianist dazzled the audience with his interpretation of Chopin’s nocturnes.
那位波兰钢琴家以他对肖邦夜曲的演绎令观众为之倾倒。
关联词
Poland(波兰),Warsaw(华沙),Slavic(斯拉夫的),European(欧洲的)
特别注意点
注意拼写与发音:Polish(波兰的)和polish(擦亮,抛光)写法相同但首字母大写不同,发音也不同:Polish /ˈpəʊlɪʃ/,polish /ˈpɒlɪʃ/.
Chopin(肖邦)是最著名的波兰作曲家之一。
作文写作可用句式
The Polish people have shown remarkable resilience throughout their history, preserving their language, culture, and national identity despite centuries of foreign domination and conflict.
波兰人民在其整个历史中展现出了非凡的坚韧,尽管经历了几个世纪的外来统治和冲突,仍然保全了自己的语言、文化和民族认同。
6. compose /kəmˈpəʊz/ vt. & vi. 作曲;组成;撰写;使镇静 (16)
常用词性词形变化
名词:composer(作曲家),composition(作曲;作文;构成)
形容词:composed(镇静的,沉着的),composite(合成的,复合的)
过去式/过去分词:composed
常用短语
compose music 作曲
be composed of 由……组成
compose a letter/poem 写信/诗
compose oneself 使自己镇静下来
compose one’s thoughts 整理思绪
常用句式
She composed her first piano sonata when she was just sixteen years old.
她在年仅十六岁时就创作了自己的第一首钢琴奏鸣曲。
The human body is composed of billions of tiny cells, each performing a specific function.
人体由数十亿个微小细胞组成,每个细胞都执行着特定的功能。
Before stepping onto the stage to deliver her speech, she paused and took a deep breath to compose herself.
在走上讲台发表演讲之前,她停顿了一下,深吸一口气让自己镇定下来。
关联词
create(创作),write(写作),constitute(构成),calm(使平静)
特别注意点】
compose 有几个截然不同的含义,需根据语境判断:
作曲/创作:compose music/ a poem/ a letter。
构成:be composed of(由……组成)。
使镇静:compose oneself。
be composed of 与 consist of 意思相近,但前者用被动语态,后者用主动语态。
作文写作可用句式
After the heated argument, she sat down by the window, closed her eyes, and took several deep breaths to compose her thoughts before responding rationally.
在激烈的争吵之后,她坐在窗边,闭上眼睛,做了几次深呼吸来整理思绪,然后才理性地作出回应。
7. deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ vt. 值得,应得 (16)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:deserving(值得的,应得的),deserved(应得的,理所当然的)
副词:deservedly(理所当然地,应得地)
常用短语
deserve praise 值得赞扬
deserve respect 值得尊重
deserve a chance 值得一个机会
deserve to do sth 理应做某事,活该做某事
get what one deserves 得到应得的(奖励或惩罚)
常用句式
After months of dedicated training, she definitely deserves to win the championship this year.
经过数月刻苦的训练,她今年绝对应该赢得冠军。
He worked tirelessly for the community and deserves far more recognition than he receives.
他为社区不知疲倦地工作,理应得到远比现在多得多的认可。
I’m afraid I haven’t done anything to deserve such generous praise — there were many others who contributed too.
恐怕我没做什么值得这样慷慨赞扬的事情——还有很多其他人也作出了贡献。
关联词
merit(值得,应得),earn(赢得,博得),be worthy of(值得),warrant(使显得必要)
特别注意点】
deserve 后接动词不定式:deserve to do sth。
deserve 一般不用于进行时。
注意区分:deserve doing 与 deserve to be done 均表示“某事应当被做”,如:The garden deserves tidying up. = The garden deserves to be tidied up.
作文写作可用句式
Every child deserves access to quality education, regardless of their family background or financial circumstances, because education is the most powerful tool for breaking the cycle of poverty.
每个孩子都理应获得优质教育,无论其家庭背景和经济状况如何,因为教育是打破贫困循环最有力的工具。
8. tear apart 使(关系密切的人)分离,分开 (16)
常用句式
The tragic accident tore apart the once closeknit community, leaving a wound that took many years to heal.
那场悲惨的事故将曾经紧密团结的社区撕裂开来,留下了一道需要多年才能愈合的伤口。
Being sent to boarding school on the other side of the country tore the siblings apart for most of the year.
被送到国家另一头的寄宿学校上学,让这对兄妹一年中的大部分时间都天各一方。
The civil war tore apart families who found themselves divided between the two opposing sides.
内战将那些发现自己分属两个对立阵营的家庭生生拆散。
关联词】
separate(分开),split up(分离,分手),divide(分开,使分歧),break up(分手,解散)
特别注意点】
tear apart 本义为“撕碎、撕开”,用于人际关系时是其引申义“使分离、使分裂”。
tear 的过去式是 tore,过去分词是 torn 。
注意与 tear apart 作“撕成碎片”的字面意思区分,如:The dog tore apart the cushion.(狗把靠垫撕碎了。)
作文写作可用句式
War has the cruel power to tear apart not just buildings and cities, but also the invisible fabric of family bonds and lifelong friendships that hold communities together.
战争拥有残酷的力量,不仅能让建筑和城市化为废墟,还能撕碎将社区凝聚在一起的无形纽带——家庭亲情和毕生的友情。
9. pleasant /ˈpleznt/ adj. 令人愉快的,可喜的;友好的,和善的 (16)
常用词性词形变化
名词:pleasantness(愉快,友善)
副词:pleasantly(愉快地,友善地)
形容词反义词:unpleasant(令人不快的)
常用短语
a pleasant evening 愉快的夜晚
pleasant weather 宜人的天气
a pleasant smile 友善的微笑
pleasant surroundings 舒适的环境
pleasantly surprised 感到惊喜
常用句式
We spent a very pleasant afternoon sitting in the garden, chatting and enjoying the warm sunshine.
我们坐在花园里闲聊,享受着温暖的阳光,度过了一个非常愉快的下午。
The hotel staff were all extremely pleasant and helpful, which made our stay truly enjoyable.
酒店的员工都非常友善和乐于助人,这让我们的住宿体验十分愉快。
The smell of honeysuckle drifting through the open window was so pleasant that I stopped reading just to breathe it in.
透过敞开的窗户飘进来的金银花香气是如此宜人,我停下阅读,只为深深吸上一口。
关联词】
enjoyable(令人愉快的),agreeable(惬意的),cheerful(令人快乐的),friendly(友好的)
特别注意点
pleasant 强调给人的感觉是“令人愉快的”,主语通常是事物或环境。
形容人时,pleasant表示“友善和气的、讨人喜欢的”。
注意区分pleasant(令人愉快的)和 pleased(感到满意的):a pleasant experience(一次愉快的经历),She was pleased with the result.(她对结果感到满意。)
作文写作可用句式
The most pleasant memories of my childhood are not of grand events but of simple moments — the smell of my grandmother’s baking, the sound of rain on the roof, and the feeling of safety that surrounded me at home.
我童年最愉快的回忆不是什么盛大的事件,而是一些简单的时刻——祖母烤点心的香气、雨打在屋顶上的声音,以及在家中环绕我的那种安全感。
10. whisper /ˈwɪspə(r)/ vi. & vt. 耳语,低语;私下说;沙沙作响 n. 低语;轻柔的声音;传言 (16)
常用词性词形变化
名词复数:whispers
形容词:whispered(低语的,轻声说的)
过去式/过去分词:whispered
常用短语
whisper to sb 对某人耳语
whisper in sb’s ear 在某人耳边低语
whisper about sth 私下议论某事
in a whisper 低声地
the whisper of the wind 风的沙沙声
常用句式
She whispered the secret into her best friend’s ear, making sure no one else could hear.
她在好朋友耳边轻声说出了那个秘密,确保没有其他人能听见。
Don’t raise your voice in the library; you should whisper if you need to ask a question.
不要在图书馆里大声说话;如果你需要问问题,应该低声说。
They sat on the porch listening to the gentle whisper of the wind through the autumn leaves.
他们坐在门廊上,聆听着秋风吹过树叶的轻柔沙沙声。
关联词
murmur(低语,咕哝),mutter(嘀咕),mumble(含混地说),rustle(发出沙沙声)
特别注意点】
whisper 既可作及物动词(whisper sth to sb),也可作不及物动词(whisper about sth)
形容自然声音时,whisper 常与 wind、trees、leaves 搭配
rumours whisper 可表示“有传言说”
作文写作可用句式
The old couple sat hand in hand on the park bench, whispering to each other now and then, their quiet companionship saying more about love than any grand declaration ever could.
那对老夫妻手牵手坐在公园的长椅上,不时彼此低语几句,他们安静的相伴比任何华丽的告白都更能述说爱的含义。
11. dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 激动人心的,引人注目的;突然的;戏剧的;夸张的 (16)
常用词性词形变化
名词:drama(戏剧;戏剧性事件),dramatist(剧作家)
动词:dramatize(把……改编成戏剧;夸张,渲染)
副词:dramatically(戏剧性地;显著地)
常用短语
dramatic change 剧变
dramatic improvement 显著的改善
dramatic effect 戏剧性的效果
dramatic performance 戏剧表演
don’t be so dramatic 别那么夸张
常用句式
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of students choosing to study computer science in recent years.
近年来,选择学习计算机科学的学生人数急剧增长。
The sunset painted the sky in dramatic shades of orange, red, and purple, as if the heavens had caught fire.
夕阳用橙红紫三色戏剧性地渲染了整个天空,仿佛天空着了火一般。
She made a dramatic entrance at the party, sweeping into the room in a floorlength red gown.
她在派对上以戏剧性的方式登场,身穿一袭曳地红裙翩然走进房间。
关联词】
striking(引人注目的),spectacular(壮观的),theatrical(戏剧性的,夸张的),sudden(突然的)
特别注意点
dramatic 源于名词drama,因此其核心含义与“戏剧”相关,引申为“激动人心的、引人注目的”或“夸张的”。
形容变化时表示“显著的、剧烈的”,如a dramatic rise/fall/drop。
口语中说“别那么夸张”可用 Don’t be so dramatic.
作文写作可用句式
The adoption of mobile payment technology has brought about a dramatic transformation in our daily lives, making cash transactions almost obsolete in many urban areas.
移动支付技术的普及给我们的日常生活带来了戏剧性的转变,在许多城市地区,现金交易几乎已成明日黄花。
12. weep /wiːp/ vi. & vt. (wept, wept) 哭泣,流泪 (16)
常用词性词形变化
过去式/过去分词:wept
名词:weeping(哭泣)
常用短语
weep with joy 喜极而泣
weep for sb/sth 为某人/某事哭泣
weep bitterly 痛哭
weep tears of joy 流下喜悦的泪水
weep oneself to sleep 哭着入睡
常用句式
When she saw her longlost brother at the airport, she wept with joy and couldn’t let go of him. 当她在机场见到失散多年的哥哥时,她喜极而泣,紧紧抱着他不肯松手。
The whole nation wept for the victims of the disaster, united in their shared sorrow.
全国上下为灾难中的遇难者哭泣,在共同的悲痛中团结在一起。
The little boy wept softly in the corner, thinking no one could see his tears.
那个小男孩在角落里默默流泪,以为没人能看到他的眼泪。
关联词
cry(哭),sob(啜泣,抽噎),wail(哀号),shed tears(流泪)
特别注意点
weep 语气较 cry 更正式、更文学化,常暗示因强烈情感(悲伤、喜悦)而流泪。
weep 的过去式和过去分词是 wept,不是 weeped。
weep for sb 也可表示“为某人而惋惜/哀叹”。
作文写作可用句式
As the survivors laid flowers at the monument, grown men and women wept openly, their tears carrying the weight of memories that words could never fully express.
当幸存者们在纪念碑前敬献鲜花时,成年的男男女女毫不掩饰地流下眼泪,那些泪水承载着语言永远无法完全表达的沉重记忆。
13. overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ vt. (overcame, overcome) 受到……的极大影响;克服,解决;战胜 (16)
常用词性词形变化
过去式:overcame
过去分词:overcome
形容词:overcoming(克服的,战胜的)
常用短语
overcome difficulties 克服困难
overcome fear 战胜恐惧
overcome obstacles 克服障碍
be overcome by/with 被(情绪等)压倒,受到……的极大影响
overcome the problem 解决问题
常用句式
With determination and hard work, she was able to overcome all the obstacles that stood in her way to becoming a doctor.
凭借决心和勤奋,她得以克服从医道路上的一切障碍。
Upon hearing the news, she was so overcome with emotion that she couldn’t speak for several minutes.
听到这个消息后,她激动得说不出话来了,好几分钟都难以平静。
His greatest challenge in life was learning to overcome his shyness and speak confidently in front of others.
他一生中最大的挑战就是学会克服羞怯,在众人面前自信地讲话。
关联词
conquer(征服),defeat(击败),triumph over(战胜),surmount(克服)
特别注意点】
overcome 的过去式是 overcame,过去分词是 overcome(与动词原形相同)。
be overcome with/by 表示“被某种情绪所压倒”,常接 emotion、grief、guilt、fear 等。
注意与overtake 区分。
作文写作可用句式
The most inspiring stories are often those in which ordinary people overcome extraordinary challenges through sheer perseverance and the support of those who believe in them.
最鼓舞人心的故事往往是那些普通人凭借纯粹的毅力以及相信他们的人所提供的支持,克服了非同寻常的挑战的故事。
14. sorrow /ˈsɒrəʊ/ n. 悲伤,悲痛;伤心事 (16)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:sorrowful(悲伤的)
副词:sorrowfully(悲伤地)
名词复数:sorrows(伤心事)
常用短语
deep sorrow 深切的悲痛
express one’s sorrow 表达悲痛
share one’s sorrow 分担某人的悲伤
drown one’s sorrows 借酒浇愁
joy and sorrow 欢乐与悲伤
常用句式
He expressed his deep sorrow over the passing of his dear friend and mentor.
他对自己挚友和导师的去世表达了深切的悲痛。
Life is a mixture of joy and sorrow, and we learn to treasure the happy moments even more because of the sad ones.
人生交织着欢乐与悲伤,而正因为有悲伤的时刻,我们才更懂得珍惜幸福的时光。
She poured out all her sorrows to her sister, knowing that a listening ear was exactly what she needed.
她将自己所有的伤心事都倾诉给了姐姐,知道此刻最需要的就是有人倾听。
关联词
sadness(悲伤),grief(悲痛),mourning(哀悼),heartache(心痛)
特别注意点】
sorrow作不可数名词指“悲伤的情绪”,作可数名词指“令人悲伤的具体事件”。
与 sadness的区别:sorrow 语气更强烈,通常指因失去或不幸而产生的深重悲伤。
文学中常见短语:parting is such sweet sorrow(离别是如此甜蜜的悲伤)。
作文写作可用句式
In the quiet days following the funeral, the family found comfort not in grand gestures but in small shared moments — a cup of tea, a familiar story, a silence that acknowledged the depth of their collective sorrow.
葬礼过后那些安静的日子里,家人从细微的共同时刻中找到了安慰,而不是从宏大的举动中——一杯茶、一个熟悉的故事、一段承认他们共同悲伤之深的沉默。
15. *grave /ɡreɪv/ n. 坟墓;死亡,去世 adj. 严重的;严肃的 (16)
常用词性词形变化
副词:gravely(严重地;严肃地)
名词:gravity(严重性;严肃;重力)
常用短语
grave concern 严重关切
a grave mistake 严重的错误
a grave expression 严肃的表情
from the cradle to the grave 从生到死
dig one’s own grave 自掘坟墓,自取灭亡
常用句式
The doctor’s face was grave as he delivered the diagnosis to the anxious family.
医生向焦虑的家属传达诊断结果时,脸色十分凝重。
The situation in the region is of grave concern to the international community.
该地区的局势令国际社会深感严重关切。
On a misty morning, they gathered at the grave of the unknown soldier to pay their respects.
在一个薄雾弥漫的清晨,他们聚集在无名战士墓前表达敬意。
关联词】
tomb(坟墓),tombstone(墓碑),serious(严重的),solemn(庄严的,严肃的)
特别注意点
grave 作名词和形容词时发音相同。
作形容词时,grave 表示“严重的”,语气比 serious 更正式、更重。
常见习语:dig one’s own grave(自掘坟墓),grave consequences(严重后果)
作文写作可用句式
The old soldier stood before the rows of white graves, a grave expression on his weathered face, as memories of those he had lost flooded back with painful clarity.
那位老兵站在一排排白色坟墓前,饱经风霜的脸上带着凝重的神情,他所失去的那些战友的记忆以令人痛苦的清晰涌上心头。
16. transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ vi. & vt. (使)变形,(使)改观,(使)转化 (16)
常用词性词形变化
名词:transformation(变形,改观,转变)
形容词:transformative(有改造能力的,变革性的)
过去式/过去分词:transformed
常用短语
transform A into B 把A转变/改造为B
be transformed by 被……所改变
transform society 改造社会
undergo a transformation 经历转变
be completely transformed 被彻底改观
常用句式
The old railway station has been beautifully transformed into a modern art gallery.
那座旧火车站已经被漂亮地改造成了一座现代艺术馆。
The arrival of the baby completely transformed their lives, bringing both challenges and unexpected joys.
宝宝的降临彻底改变了他们的生活,带来了种种挑战和意想不到的欢乐。
A fresh coat of paint and some colourful flowers can transform even the dullest room into a cheerful and inviting space.
刷一层新漆再摆上一些色彩鲜艳的鲜花,能把哪怕最沉闷的房间也变得明亮宜人。
关联词
change(改变),convert(转变),alter(改变),revolutionize(彻底变革)
特别注意点
transform 强调的是外貌、性质或功能的根本性、彻底性的改变。
常用搭配 transform A into B。
名词transformation 也很常用,如urban transformation(城市改造)。
作文写作可用句式
Education has the power to transform not only an individual’s life but also entire communities, lifting people out of ignorance and poverty and giving them the tools to shape their own futures.
教育不仅能够改变一个人的命运,还能改变整个社区,帮助人们摆脱无知和贫困,赋予他们塑造自己未来的工具。
17. forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远;长久地;老是 (16)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:forever(永远的,长久的),非正式用法
名词:foreverness(永恒)
常用短语
last forever 永远持续
forever and ever 永远,永生永世
take forever 花很长时间
forever young 青春永驻
be gone forever 一去不返
常用句式
True friendship does not last forever without effort; it requires care, communication, and mutual respect.
真正的友谊不靠用心经营就不会长久;它需要关心、沟通和相互尊重。
The bus took forever to arrive, and by the time it came, we were completely soaked by the rain.
公交车花了很长时间才来,等它到的时候,我们已经被雨浇得浑身湿透了。
She promised to remember this moment forever — the warmth of the summer evening and the laughter of her closest friends around the garden table. 她许诺要永远记住这个时刻——夏夜的温暖和花园桌旁挚友们欢声笑语环绕的感觉。
关联词】
always(总是),eternally(永恒地),permanently(永久地),for good(永远地)
特别注意点】
forever 与 for ever 含义相同,但 forever更常用(尤其是美式英语)。
在口语中take forever表示“花很长时间”,并非字面意义的“永远”。
forever 可用于进行时态,表示“老是做某事”,如 He’s forever complaining.(他总是抱怨个没完。)
作文写作可用句式
The photographs we take today may not last forever, but the memories they capture — of love, laughter, and togetherness — can remain vivid in our hearts for a lifetime.
我们今日拍摄的照片或许不会永远留存,但它们所捕捉的记忆——关于爱、欢笑和相聚——却可以在我们心中一辈子栩栩如生。
18. combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ vt. & vi. (使)融合;(使)结合,(使)混合;兼做;合并 (16)
常用词性词形变化
名词:combination(结合,联合体)
形容词:combined(联合的,共同的)
过去式/过去分词:combined
常用短语
combine A with B 把A与B结合起来
combine work and family 兼顾工作和家庭
combine efforts 齐心协力
combine forces 联合力量
in combination with 与……结合
常用句式
The new restaurant successfully combines traditional Italian recipes with fresh, locally sourced ingredients.
这家新餐厅成功地将传统意大利食谱与当地新鲜食材结合在一起。
It can be extremely difficult to combine a demanding career with the responsibilities of raising young children.
要将一份要求很高的职业与抚育年幼子女的责任兼顾起来,可能极其困难。
To achieve our goal, we need to combine our efforts and work as one team.
为了实现我们的目标,我们需要齐心协力、团结一致。
关联词】
merge(合并),unite(联合),integrate(融合),blend(混合)
特别注意点】
combine A with B和combine A and B都表示“把A与B结合/混合起来”。
名词形式是 combination,不是combine(combine 作名词时指“联合收割机”或“联合企业”)。
与 mix 的区别:combine 更强调为达成某种目的而有意地结合;mix 更强调搅拌或混杂在一起。
作文写作可用句式
The most effective learning approaches often combine theoretical study with handson practical experience, allowing students to truly understand and apply what they have learned.
最有效的学习方法通常将理论学习与实际动手经验结合起来,让学生能够真正理解和应用所学知识。
19. rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ on 依赖,依靠;信任 (17)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:reliable(可信赖的,可靠的),reliant(依赖的)
名词:reliance(依赖,依靠),reliability(可靠性)
常用短语
rely on sb/sth 依赖某人/某物
rely on sb for help 依靠某人的帮助
rely on sb to do sth 指望某人做某事
rely heavily on 严重依赖
can be relied upon 可以信赖
常用句式
Elderly people often rely on their children or neighbours to assist them with daily tasks.
老年人常常依靠子女或邻居帮助他们完成日常事务。
You can rely on him to keep his word; he has never once broken a promise in all the years I’ve known him.
你可以相信他会信守诺言;在我认识他的这些年里,他从没食言过一次。
The local economy relies heavily on tourism, and many families depend on the summer season for their income.
当地经济严重依赖旅游业,许多家庭靠夏季旺季维持收入。
关联词】
depend on(依赖),count on(指望),trust(信任),lean on(依靠)
特别注意点】
rely on 与depend on 很大程度上可以互换,但 rely on更强调“信任”。
形容词reliable表示“可以信赖的、可靠的”,reliant表示“有依赖性的”,如be reliant on 与 rely on 意思相近。
on 可用 upon 替换(更正式)。
作文写作可用句式
In an age of information overload, we increasingly rely on the guidance of critical thinking skills to distinguish fact from fiction and make informed decisions. 在信息泛滥的时代,我们日益依赖批判性思维技能的指引,以辨别事实与虚假,做出明智的决定。
20. blues /bluːz/ n. (the blues) 布鲁斯音乐,蓝调;忧郁,悲伤 (17)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:bluesy(有布鲁斯风格的)
名词:bluesman(布鲁斯乐手)
常用短语
sing the blues 唱布鲁斯歌曲
have the blues 感到忧郁/闷闷不乐
the Monday blues 星期一忧郁综合征
play the blues 演奏布鲁斯音乐
blues musician 布鲁斯音乐家
常用句式
The slow, mournful sound of the blues seemed to capture all the hardship and heartache of a long, difficult life.
布鲁斯音乐那种缓慢而哀伤的声音,似乎承载了漫长艰辛生活中的所有苦难和心痛。
Whenever she’s got the blues, she puts on her favourite music and goes for a long walk.
每当她感到闷闷不乐时,她就会放上自己最喜欢的音乐,然后出去散个长长的步。
Born in the Mississippi Delta, the blues has influenced nearly every form of popular music that followed it.
布鲁斯音乐诞生于密西西比河三角洲,几乎影响了之后所有形式的流行音乐。
关联词】
jazz(爵士乐),soul(灵魂乐),melancholy(忧郁),depression(沮丧)
特别注意点】
blues 作“布鲁斯音乐”解时通常用the blues,谓语动词用单数。
have the blues是习语,表示“感到忧郁”,非正式用法。
Monday blues 指“周一忧郁综合征”,即周末过后周一上班/上学时的低落情绪
作文写作可用句式
There’s something deeply comforting about listening to the blues on a rainy evening; the music doesn’t try to cheer you up but instead sits beside you in your sadness, making you feel a little less alone.
在雨夜聆听布鲁斯音乐有一种深沉的慰藉;这种音乐并不试图让你振作起来,而是在你的悲伤中与你相伴,让你感觉自己不那么孤独。
21. folk /fəʊk/ adj. 民间的,民俗的 n. 民间音乐;人们;各位;家人 (17)
常用词性词形变化
名词复数:folk 或 folks(folks更常用于指“家人”,尤其非正式口语中)
常用短语
folk music/songs 民间音乐/民歌
folk tale/story 民间故事
folk art 民间艺术
old folks 老人们
my folks 我家里人,我父母
常用句式
The festival celebrates the region’s unique folk traditions, including dancing, storytelling, and traditional crafts.
这个节日庆祝该地区独特的民间传统,包括舞蹈、讲故事和传统手工艺。
My folks still live in the small town where I grew up, and I go back to visit them whenever I can.
我父母家人还住在我长大的那个小镇上,我只要一有空就会回去看望他们。
The young musician is deeply interested in collecting and preserving old folk songs before they are forgotten.
那位年轻的音乐家对收集和保存古老民歌怀有浓厚的兴趣,以免它们被遗忘。
关联词
traditional(传统的),ethnic(民族的),native(本土的),people(人们)
特别注意点】
folk 作“人们”解时是集合名词,表示泛指的人群,如 city folk(城里人)、country folk(乡里人)。
folks(复数)常用于口语中表示“家人、父母”或“大伙儿”。
folk music 和 folk song 是高频搭配。
作文写作可用句式
The old folk songs passed down through generations in this mountain village carry within them the stories, joys, and sorrows of people who lived centuries before us.
这个山村中代代相传的古老民歌,承载着几个世纪以前生活在这里的人们的故事、欢乐与悲伤。
夜雨聆风