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北京市陈经纶中学分校
2021-2022 学年度八年级第一学期期中
统一检测英 语 笔 试 试 卷
（考试时间 90 分钟 满分 60 分）
考生须知
1、在试卷和答题卡上认真填写班级、姓名、考号。
2、试卷答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
3、在答题卡上，选择题用 2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4、考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用 (选择部分) （共 24 分）
一、 选择填空（共 8 分，每小题 0.5 分）
从下列各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Guangzhou is a beautiful city ________ the south of China.
A. on B. in C. at D. over
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：广州是中国南方一座美丽的城市。
考查介词辨析。on在……上；in在……里面；at在；over在……上面。根据常识可知，广州属于中国，是
在中国内部，应用in，故选B。
2. —________ listening to the radio in English? —It’s a good idea.
A. Why not B. Shall we C. What about D. Why don’t you
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——听英语广播怎么样？——这是个好主意。
考查情景交际。Why not为什么不；Shall we我们……好吗；What about……怎么样；Why don’t you为什么
你不……。四个选项都是表示建议，根据空后的动名词可知，应用what about，about是介词，后加动名词
作宾语，故选C。
3. Jenny hoped to finish her job ________ than all her friends.
A. early B. more early C. earliest D. earlier
【答案】D【解析】
【详解】句意：珍妮希望比她所有的朋友更早完成工作。
考查比较级。根据“than”可知，应用比较级，early的比较级为earlier，故选D。
4. We should read books in the place with plenty of light, ________ it is good for our eyes.
A. so B. or C. because D. but
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们应该在光线充足的地方看书，因为这对我们的眼睛有好处。
考查连词辨析。so因此；or否则，或者；because因为；but但是。分析题干可知，前后句之间是因果关系，
前果后因。“在光线充足的地方看书”是因为“这对我们的眼睛有好处”。故选C。
5. It is difficult for us ________ so many words in only five minutes.
A. remember B. to remember C. remembering D. remembered
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：对于我们来说，仅仅在五分钟内记住这么多单词是有困难的。
考查不定式作主语。固定句型It is+形容词+for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事是……”，此处it作形式主语，
动词不定式作真正的主语，故选B。
6. Please be quiet! Your little sister ________ an online class now.
A. will have B. is having C. has D. had
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：请保持安静!你妹妹正在上网络课。
考查时态。根据“now”可知是现在正在进行中，可推测出是用现在进行时，故选B。
7. Tom and Mary ________ to China next month.
A. come B. came C. coming D. will come
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：汤姆和玛丽下个月将来中国。
考查动词时态。根据“next month.”可知句子是一般将来时，故选D。
8. —________ is the population of your city?
—About two million.
A. How B. What C. How many D. Where
【答案】B【解析】
【详解】句意：——你们城市的人口是多少？——大约200万。
考查特殊疑问句。How怎么样；What什么；How many多少；Where在哪里。根据“is the population of
your city?”可知，此处是询问人口，用固定句型What’s the population of“……的人口是多少”。故选B。
9. At first, we planned to go to a concert. But we went to see a film and had a good time.
A. first of all B. in the end C. in a hurry D. from now on
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：起初，我们计划去听音乐会。但最后我们去看了一部电影，玩得很开心。
考查副词短语。first of all首先；in the end最后；in a hurry匆忙；from now on从现在起；根据but的句意转
折，可知“没有按照原先计划的行事”，推断空格指“最后去做其它的事”；故选B。
10. —Which do you like ________, tea or coffee?
—Coffee.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你比较喜欢哪个，茶还是咖啡？ ——咖啡。
考查比较级。good形容词，好的；well副词，好；better更好；best最好。由“tea or coffee”可知应用比较
级，故选C。
11. My parents allow me ________ the Internet for half an hour every weekend.
A. surf B. surfs C. surfing D. to surf
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：我父母允许我每个周末上网半小时。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb. to do sth.“允许做某事”，此处是动词不定式作宾补。故选D。
12. I wanted to see the Beiing Opera, so Lingling offered ________ me there.
A. take B. takes C. taking D. to take
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：我想看京剧，所以玲玲主动提出带我去那里。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语offer to do sth“主动提出做某事”，故选D。
13. I am very proud that our school is one of ________ schools in the city.
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：我很自豪，我们学校是这个城市最美丽的学校之一。
考查形容词最高级。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数表示“……最……之一”；最高级前加“the”。故
选D。
14. Mr. Liu ________ his car at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
A. was washing B. is washing C. washes D. will wash
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：昨天下午5点，刘先生正在洗车。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon.”可知，本句需用过去进行时，表示过去正
在进行的动作。故选A。
15. Listening is just as _____ as speaking in language learning.
A. important B. more important
C. most important D. the most important
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：在语言学习中，听和说同样重要。
考查同级比较。as……as，和……一样，用于同级比较，前一个as后面接形容词或者副词原形，故选A。
16. Because of COVID-19 in February, the government advised us ________ to the public places.
A. to go B. going C. not to go D. go
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：由于2月份出现了新冠肺炎，政府建议我们不要去公共场所。
考查非谓语动词。advise sb. (not) to do sth.“建议某人（不要）做某事”。根据“Because of COVID-19 in
February”可知，由于新冠，政府建议不去公共场所。故选C。
二、完形填空 （共 16 分，每小题 1 分）
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的 A, B, C, D 四个选项中，选
择能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
A
A Second ChanceI was in fifth grade and about to take a science test. Since first grade, I had always been good at school. Simple
science was easy for me and I always did well on tests. When it came to fifth-grade science, however, I was
struggling (挣扎). I couldn’t seem to ____17____ it no matter how hard I tried. I was anxious.
My mom and dad had always been so proud of my grade, and I didn’t want to let them down. So just before
the test I had written several ____18____ from the textbook on my desk in pencil. The writing was so light that it
could hardly be seen. I sat ____19____ as the teacher started to hand out to the test. I didn’t want to get caught,
but I didn’t want to fail, either.
As the teacher was starting down my row, suddenly the fire alarm went off. It was an unscheduled fire drill (消
防演习).We all ____20____ out of the door and stood together, waiting to be allowed back into the building.
As I stood outside in the warm sunshine, I realized what a fool I had been. I knew my mom and dad would still
love me no matter what my grade was. As soon as we came into the classroom, I walked to my desk and
____21____ the notes away. I had been given a second chance, and I wasn’t going to waste it. I took the test, did
my best and felt ____22____. I don’t remember what my grade was, but what happened that day has ____23____
in my heart and mind ever since.
Life is full of second chances, but you have to be willing to take them. You have to be willing to accept your
____24____ and grow from them. Every day when you wake up, you are given a second chance at life. Treasure it!
And use it wisely!
17. A. recognize B. understand C. believe D. explain
18. A. answers B. letters C. notes D. sentences
19. A. quietly B. nervously C. happily D. excitedly
20. A. rushed B. stepped C. walked D. looked
21. A. cleaned B. sent C. threw D. took
22. A. shameful B. frightened C. peaceful D. stressed
23. A. worked B. created C. shared D. stayed
24. A. decisions B. beliefs C. feelings D. mistakes
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己读五年级时，在科学考试前，为了取得好成绩，在课桌上做了几个笔记，事后马上认识到这个行为是愚蠢的，于是抹去了笔记，并尽自己最大努力去考试的故事。本
文阐述了这样一个道理：认识到自己的错误，在错误中获得了成长是最明智的。
【17题详解】
句意：不管我怎么努力都无法理解它。我很焦虑。
recognize认出、识别；understand理解；believe相信；explain解释。根据上句“When it came to fifth-grade
science, however, I was struggling (挣扎).”可知，应是无论怎么努力，都不能理解五年级的科学课。故选
B。
【18题详解】
句意：所以就在考试前，我用铅笔从我桌上的课本上抄了几个笔记。
answers答案；letters字母；notes笔记；sentences句子。根据下文“As soon as we came into the classroom, I
walked to my desk and…the notes away.”可知，应是抄了几篇笔记。故选C。
【19题详解】
句意：当老师开始分发试卷时，我紧张地坐着。
quietly安静地；nervously紧张地；happily幸福地；excitedly激动地。根据前句“The writing was so light
that it could hardly be seen.”和后句“I didn’t want to get caught, but I didn’t want to fail, either.”可猜测出，应
是紧张地坐着。故选B。
【20题详解】
句意：我们都冲出房门，站在一起，等着被允许回到楼里。
rushed冲；stepped行走；walked步行；looked看。根据下句“It was an unscheduled fire drill (消防演习).”
可知，火警一响，大家都冲了出去，然后站在外面等待。故选A。
【21题详解】
句意：我们一进教室，我就走到我的桌子前，把笔记抹去了。
cleaned打扫；sent发送；threw扔；took拿走。根据下文“I had been given a second chance, and I wasn’t
going to waste it.”可推知，作者把之前做的笔记抹去了。故选A。
【22题详解】
句意：我参加了考试，尽了我最大的努力，感觉很平静。
shameful羞愧的；frightened害怕的；peaceful平静的；stressed焦虑不安的。根据上文可知，作者经过反思，
意识到自己在考试前做笔记的行为是愚蠢的，经历了这一番思想斗争，擦除了笔记以后，不用担心被老师
抓到，也觉悟到了诚实是最重要的，对待考试成绩的心态也很理性，因此，心情也很平静。故选C。
【23题详解】
句意：我不记得我的成绩是多少，但是那天发生的事情一直留在我的心里。
worked工作；created创造；shared分享；stayed待、停留。根据上文的语境可知，该句指考试当天作者身上发生的这一系列事情一直留在作者的心里。故选D。
【24题详解】
句意：你必须愿意接受你的错误，并从中成长。
decisions决定；beliefs信仰；feelings感情；mistakes错误。根据上文可知，作者经过反思，意识到自己在
考试前做笔记的行为是愚蠢的，于是擦除了笔记，尽心尽力地考试。因此，自己认识到了自己的错误，并
从错误中成长了。故选D。
B
Tom had a dog named Max. Max was 10 years old, which was quite old in dog years. Tom bought the dog to
protect him and his family from ___25___. When Max saw something suspicious （可疑的）, he barked out
loudly. There was one time when a bad man tried to get into Tom’s house. Thankfully, Max barked loudly and Tom
was able to ___26___ the bad man in time. Sometimes though, Max would bark when he saw another dog. Tom
would go outside thinking something bad was ___27___, but it was really just another dog.
Tom went on a lot of hikes and walks with Max. Tom did not like to exercise, but he did not ___28___ if it
was with Max. Tom would also bring Max to the dog beach, where he could play with other ___29___ .
Max was considered part of the family. He was even in the family holiday postcard picture. Tom knew,
however, that Max was going to ___30___ pretty soon. He tried not to think about it.
Tom came back home from school and filled up Max’s water bowl as usual. Except this time, Max did not run
to the water like he usually did. Tom looked around the house for Max and found him lying down on the floor dead.
Tom ___31___ ran to Max and tried to feel for his pulse（脉搏）. Max was really gone. Tom and his family
buried Max in their backyard. Tom cried for a long time, and would remember all his ___32___ memories with
Max.
25. A. danger B. hunger C. help D. question
26. A. help B. leave C. forget D. stop
27. A. leaving B. happening C. becoming D. knocking
28. A. want B. mind C. enjoy D. run
29. A. birds B. fish C. dogs D. people
30. A. die B. grow C. live D. come
31. A. slowly B. quickly C. carefully D. secretly
32. A. poor B. unforgettable C. terrible D. quiet
【答案】25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. B
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述了汤姆和他心爱的宠物狗马克斯之间的故事。【
25题详解】
句意：汤姆买这条狗是为了保护他和他的家人免受危险。
danger危险；hunger饥饿；help帮助；question问题。根据“When Max saw something suspicious , he barked
out loudly”可知买狗是为了保护自己和家人免受危险，故选A。
【26题详解】
句意：谢天谢地，马克斯大声叫了起来，汤姆及时制止了坏人。
help帮助；leave离开；forget忘记；stop阻止。根据“There was one time when a bad man tried to get into
Tom’s house. Thankfully, Max barked loudly and Tom was able to...the bad man in time”可知一个坏人试图进入
汤姆的房子，但是被狗阻止了，故选D。
【27题详解】
句意：汤姆走到外面，以为发生了什么坏事，但实际上只是另一只狗。
leaving离开；happening发生；becoming成为；knocking敲。根据“something bad was...”可知是指发生了
什么坏事，故选B。
【28题详解】
句意：汤姆不喜欢锻炼，但他不介意和马克斯一起锻炼。
want想要；mind介意；enjoy享受；run跑。根据“Tom did not like to exercise, but he did not...if it was with
Max.”可知汤姆自己不喜欢锻炼，但是如果和马克斯一起，他不介意一起锻炼，故选B。
【29题详解】
句意：汤姆还会带马克斯去狗狗海滩，在那里他可以和其他狗狗玩耍。
birds鸟；fish鱼；dogs狗；people人们。根据“Tom would also bring Max to the dog beach,”可知狗狗海滩应
该有许多狗，故选C。
【30题详解】
句意：然而，汤姆知道马克斯很快就要死了。
die死亡；grow生长；live生活；come来。根据上文“Tom had a dog named Max. Max was 10 years old”可知
狗的年龄算是比较大的了，结合下文狗狗死去了可知汤姆知道马克斯很快就要死了。故选A。
【31题详解】
句意：汤姆迅速跑到马克斯身边，试着摸他的脉搏。
slowly缓慢地；quickly快速地；carefully认真地；secretly秘密地。根据“ Tom looked around the house for
Max and found him lying down on the floor dead. Tom...ran to Max and tried to feel for his pulse（脉搏）”可知
汤姆看到狗狗躺在地板上，应该 是快速跑过去，故选B。
【32题详解】
句意：汤姆哭了很久，想起了他和马克斯所有难忘的回忆。poor贫穷的；unforgettable难忘的；terrible糟糕的；quiet安静的。根据“Tom cried for a long time,”可知是
指汤姆和狗之间难忘的回忆，故选B。
第二部分 阅读理解 （共 17 分）
三、 阅读下面 A、B、C、D 四篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、
B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共 12 分，每小题 1 分）
A
What problems do teenagers have? Here is a survey showing their main problems and some advice.
Problem Cause （原因） Advice
Too much homework. Make a plan for study and hobbies.
Feeling stressed（紧
Not having enough time for Find time to relax as possible as
张的）
their hobbies. they can.
.
Getting short- Too much homework Do homework more efficiently.
sighted(近视)
Bad reading and writing habits. Read and write in a healthier way.
Feeling tired of Computer games’ bad Don’t spend too much time on
study influence. computer games.
Eating too much snacks and Eat more healthy food instead of
Getting fat junk food. junk food.
Doing little exercise. Do some sports regularly.
33. How many main problems are there in the survey?
A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven.
34. What problems are caused by too much homework?
A. Feeling stressed and getting fat. B. Feeling tired of study and getting fat.
C. Feeling stressed and getting short-sighted. D. Getting short-sighted and feeling tired of study.
35. If Peter is tired of study, he should ________.
.
A do homework as quickly as possible B. not be crazy about computer games
C. read and write in a healthier way D. do some sports regularly
【答案】33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了青少年的一些问题以及针对问题给出的一些建议。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Feeling stressed（紧张的）”、“Getting short-sighted(近视)”、“Feeling tired of study”
以及“Getting fat”可知列出了青少年的四个问题，故选A。【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据Feeling stressed（紧张的）对应的“Too much homework.”以及Getting short-sighted(近视)
对应的“Too much homework.”可知太多的作业会让学生感到压力大以及造成眼睛近视，故选C。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据Feeling tired of study对应的“Don’t spend too much time on computer games.”可知如果厌
学，就不要花太多的时间在电脑游戏上，故选B。
B
The population of the Earth is growing faster. It is important that we look after the Earth. We need it!
The Earth gives us a lot of things. We also give the Earth a lot, but some of the things are not good.
In nature, when something dies, other animals and plants get food from it. Every animal or plant gives food for
other animals or plants. However, animals can’t get food from many of the things that we ‘give’ the Earth. Animals
and plants can’t eat metal, plastic and glass. These things will stay in the ground for many, many years.
Some rubbish is very dangerous for plants and animals. In some places, many animals live together. One
animal makes food for many more animals. If we put rubbish and chemicals in the water, the plankton(浮游生物)
can die. If there isn’t any plankton, many animals have nothing to eat.
So what can we do? Don’t leave any rubbish in the countryside! Don’t make so much rubbish!
36. The Earth gives us __________.
A. food B. rubbishC. chemicals D. pollution
37. When something dies in nature, __________.
A. water and grass are polluted
B. plastic and wood become food
C. other animals and plants get food
D. metal and glass stay in the ground
38. We must __________ to look after the Earth.
A. put metal in the ground B. use more wood
C. keep frogs in the water D. make less rubbish
【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D
【解析】
【36题详解】
根据The Earth gives us a lot of things.及下文描述，可知地球为我们提供食物，而垃圾、化学物质和污染则是
我们带给地球的。故选A。
【37题详解】
根据In nature, when something dies, other animals and plants get food from it.可知当自然界 的一些东西死
了，其他动物和植物从中获取食物。故选C。
【38题详解】
根据Don’t make so much rubbish!可知我们必须生产更少的垃圾来保护地球。故选D。
C
Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the
reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is—the language of science. You
should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you
should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching
on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing
together. Do not be discouraged（灰心的）if the whole passage doesn’t make sense（讲得通）to you at first.
You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.
These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:
1. Start to read normally（正常地）until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you.
2. When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly.
3. Look for any word you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts andcontext clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary.
4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain（解释） more about the sentence you are working on. Do
not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said.
5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words.
6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once
more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ideas together.
The steps sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything
that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help
from your teacher, if you have one.
39. The underlined phrase “run into” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 理解 B. 遇到 C. 翻译 D. 跑过
40. From the passage, we can know _________.
A. we should look up new words before reading
B. it is sometimes difficult to read a science passage
C. the six steps are helpful in learning spoken English
D. interesting stories help readers to improve their English
41. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. steps of studying science B. difficulties in reading science
C. ways of reading science passages D. researches on science and English
【答案】39. B 40. B 41. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了阅读科普文章的方法。
【39题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Start to read normally（正常地） until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to
you.”可知此处是指一开始是正常的阅读，直到遇到你不懂的句子。所以“run into”表示“遇到”，故选
B。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an
interesting story”（你不应该期望能够像阅读有趣的故事一样阅读一篇难懂的科学文章）可知科学文章有时
很难读懂，故选B。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:”（当你阅读困难的东西时，可以遵循以下步骤：）可知本文主要讲述了阅读科普文章的方法，故选C。
D
Imagine this. There’s an apple and a piece of cake on a table. Which one would you like? The delicious cake
or the healthy apple? A bestseller, Willpower Rediscovering Our Greater Strength, suggests that willpower (意志
力) is the ability to make decisions that are better for us in the long term, rather than in the short term.
Here is a famous experiment in the book: the marshmallow (棉花糖) test. In 1972, Professor Walter Mischel
tested the willpower of 600 four-year-olds to six-year-olds. In the experiment, each child was left alone in a room
for fifteen minutes with a marshmallow on a table in front of them. They were given two choices: they could
either eat it or, if they waited fifteen minutes, they’d be given a second one and then they could eat both.
So, what did the kids do? Well, as you can imagine, 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen
minutes. But the other 30% showed willpower they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow.
But then Mischel discovered something really interesting. Twenty years later, he got in touch with the
children, who, by then, were in their early twenties. And he found that those who’d shown strong willpower were
getting better marks at university and were more popular.
Willpower is like a muscle (肌肉), and the more you exercise it, the stronger it gets. So, if you do daily “self-
control exercises”, such as making your bed or brushing your teeth, you’ll improve your overall willpower. And
daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, such as studying for an exam or training for a
marathon.
Be careful though. Just like any muscle, your “willpower muscle” can get tired. If you’ve had to do lots of
things that require willpower, take a break or give yourself a treat. That way, you’ll build up your willpower again.
And one last thing, the writer mentions people who learn foreign languages usually have a lot of willpower.
So, congratulations!
42. From the marshmallow test, we can learn that ______.
A. the kids felt difficult to make choices B. most of the kids showed weak willpower
C. marshmallows could help improve willpower D. the kids could eat one marshmallow every fifteen
minutes
43. The writer probably agrees that ______.
A. willpower should be kept practicing without any stopB. willpower can be built up by dealing with difficulties
C. strong willpower can help people achieve their goals
D. strong willpower can help people make right decisions
44. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The finding of the experiment. B. The process of the experiment.
C. The purpose of the experiment. D. The background of the experiment.
【答案】42. B 43. C 44. A
【解析】
短文主要讲述了一本畅销书《意志力：重新发现我们最大的力量》，以及书中的一个著名试验，告诉我们
意志力对人们的生活有着很大的影响。
【42题详解】
推理判断题，根据“So, what did the kids do? Well, as you can imagine, 70% ate the first marshmallow within
the fifteen minutes. But the other 30% showed willpower they controlled themselves and waited for the second
marshmallow. ”70%的人在15分钟内吃掉了第一块棉花糖。但另外30%的人表现出意志力，他们控制住自
己，等待第二个棉花糖。可推知从棉花糖测试中，我们可以知道大多数孩子的意志力很弱，故选B。
【43题详解】
细节理解题，根据“And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, such as studying for an
exam or training for a marathon.”，可知每天的意志力锻炼会帮助你实现这些更大的目标，比如为考试而学
习或为马拉松而训练。故选C。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题，根据第三段中“So, what did the kids do? ”那么，孩子们做了什么?再结合“But then Mischel
discovered something really interesting. ”但后来米歇尔发现了一件非常有趣的事。可推知文章第三段讲述
了试验的发现，故选A。
四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共 5 分，每小题 1 分）
Some scientists were studying sea turtles in Costa Rica in Central America. Suddenly they found one turtle
had something sticking out of its nose. It could not breathe. At first, the scientists thought it was a worm. But when
they pulled the object out, it was a plastic straw.
The waste created by plastic straws is unbelievable. In the United States alone, 500 million straws are thrownaway every day. That’s enough straws to circle the Earth twice, or fill 125 school buses.
Plastic straws are almost never recycled because they’re too small and could be made from several different
types of plastic. Many of them end up as litter in our streets or worse, plastic waste in our oceans. They aren’t the
biggest polluter of our waterways, but they can be some of the most dangerous to sea animals. Their size makes
them easy for fish or birds to eat. About 71% of seabirds and 30% of turtles are found with plastic in their
stomachs. When these animals eat the plastic, they have a 50% mortality rate (死亡率).
Milo Cress is a boy from Vermont, America, who wanted to reduce (减少) and possibly end the use of plastic
straws in restaurants. In 2011, at the age of 9, he founded the Be Straw Free project, which focuses on building
awareness (意识) about plastic waste and its effect on the environment.
“I noticed that whenever I ordered a drink at a restaurant, it would usually come with a straw in it, and I don’t
usually need a straw,” Milo said. He started asking the local restaurant owners to stop providing the customer with
a straw unless he or she asks for one. Many of them agreed and joined the movement. By doing that, the restaurants
report a reduction in the number of straws they use between 50 and 80%.
Drinking with a straw is fun. But think twice. For anyone who really likes to use a straw, there are several
ways to go. The best one is trying a reusable one, which can be washed along with dishes. Bamboo, metal and glass
can be used to make reusable straws. Another one is to use paper straws, which are recyclable and can be found in
attractive colors and patterns. With choices available, there’s no reason to add to the plastic straw waste problem.
45. How many straws are thrown away every day in the United States?
______________________________
46. Why are plastic straws almost never recycled?
______________________________
47. When did Milo found the Be Straw Free project?
______________________________
48. What did Milo ask the local restaurant owners to do?
______________________________
49. What are the choices for people who really like to use straws?
______________________________
【答案】45. 500 million.
46. Because they’re too small and could be made from several different types of plastic.
47. In 2011.
48. To stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one.
49. They can use reusable straws or recyclable paper straws.【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了塑料吸管所带来的危害，以及一些解决方法。
【45题详解】
根据文章第一段中的“500 million straws are thrown away every day”可知，每天有5亿个吸管被扔掉，故填
500 million。
【46题详解】
根据文章第三段中的“Plastic straws are almost never recycled because they’re too small and could be made from
several different types of plastic”可知，塑料吸管几乎从不回收利用，因为它们太小，并且由几种不同类型的
塑料制成，故填Because they’re too small and could be made from several different types of plastic。
【47题详解】
根据文章第四段中的“In 2011, at the age of 9, he founded the Be Straw Free project”可知，2011年，9岁的他创
立了“无吸管”项目，故填In 2011。
【48题详解】
根据文章第五段中的“He started asking the local restaurant owners to stop providing the customer with a straw
unless he or she asks for one”可知，他开始要求当地餐馆老板停止向顾客提供吸管，除非顾客要求吸管，故
填To stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one。
【49题详解】
根据文章最后一段中的“The best one is trying a reusable one, which can be washed along with dishes”和
“Another one is to use paper straws, which are recyclable and can be found in attractive colors and patterns”可知，
对于喜欢用吸管的人来说，他们可以使用可重复使用的吸管或可回收的纸吸管，故填They can use reusable
straws or recyclable paper straws。
第三部分 语言知识运用 (非选择部分) （共 9 分）
五、用所给词的适当形式填空：（共 9 分，每空 1分）
50. We should ________ (speak) English as much as possible in class.
【答案】speak
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们应该在课堂上尽可能多地说英语。speak“说”，动词；情态动词should后用其原形。
故填speak。
51. The population of China is getting much ________ (large) than before.
【答案】larger
【解析】
【详解】句意：中国的人口比以前多得多。根据“than”可知，空处需用比较级。故填larger。52. Louder please! I can’t hear you ________ (clear).
【答案】clearly
【解析】
【详解】句意：请大声点！我听不清你的话。空处需用副词形式修饰动词hear。clear的副词形式为
clearly“清楚地”。故填clearly。
53. The Yellow River is the second ____________ (long) river in China.
【答案】longest
【解析】
【详解】句意：黄河是中国第二长河。根据“in China”可知此处比较范围是在三者以上进行比较，应该用最
高级，the+序数词+最高级+名词单数，意为“第几最”。故填longest。
54. After ________ (have) dinner, the girl began to finish her English homework.
【答案】having
【解析】
【详解】句意：吃过晚饭后，这个女孩开始完成她的英语作业。after在此处是介词，后加动名词作宾语，
故填having。
55. My parents agreed ________（take) me to the Forbidden City this weekend.
【答案】to take
【解析】
【详解】句意：我父母同意这个周末带我去紫禁城。固定短语agree to do sth.“同意做某事”。故填to
take。
56. I called you yesterday, but nobody answered. What ________ you ________ (do) at this time yesterday?
【答案】 ①. were ②. doing
【解析】
【详解】句意：我昨天给你打电话，但没有人接。昨天这个时候你在做什么。根据“at this time
yesterday”可知，句子是过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”，主语是you，be动词用were，故填
were；doing。
57. Mr. Li is not in the office now. I saw him ________ (talk) with other teachers in the meeting room just now.
【答案】talking
【解析】
【详解】句意：李老师现在不在办公室。刚才我看见他在会议室和其他老师谈话。talk“谈话”，动词。固
定短语see sb doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”符合语境，故填talking。
第四部分 书面表达 （共 10 分）六、文段表达。（共 10分）
从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于 50 词的文段写作。文
中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
58. 假如你是初二学生李华， 你的英国朋友Tommy想要了解北京。请你介绍一下北京这座城市。可
以从北京的天气、著名景点、来北京旅行的建议以及对北京未来变化的看法进行介绍。
提示词语：capital, autumn, famous, camera, beautiful
提示问题：
● What’s the weather like in Beijing?
●What famous places are there in Beijing?
●What do you think of the changes of Beijing in the future?
Dear Tommy,
I am glad that you would like to know something about Beijing.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Best wishes,
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文
Dear Tommy,
I am glad that you would like to know something about Beijing.
Beijing is the capital of China. It lies in northern China. It has four distinct seasons, which have different
characteristics. There are many places of interest for you to visit in Beijing, such as the Great Wall, the Summer
Palace, the Imperial Palace and so on. Beijing Opera is a very famous traditional culture. If you go to Beijing, youwill have a chance to try the delicious Beijing Duck.
Beijing has not only great food but also great culture. It’s a place worth visiting. I think Beijing will become
better and better.
Best wishes,
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：根据写作要点以及提示问题，介绍一下北京这座城市。
[写作步骤]
第一步，首先打招呼并且点出主题；
第二步，具体阐述北京的天气、著名景点；
第三步，向朋友给出来北京旅行的建议以及就北京未来变化给出自己观点。
[亮点词汇]
①have a chance to do sth有机会做某事
②not only...but also...不但……而且……
③become better and better变得越来越好
④be worth doing值得做某事
[高分句型]
①If you go to Beijing, you will have a chance to try the delicious Beijing Duck.（if引导的条件状语从句）
②I think Beijing will become better and better.（think后跟省略that的宾语从句）
题目②
59. 假如你叫李华，某英文网站以“I love Pandas/Tigers...”为题征文，请你投稿。介绍一种濒危动物，
讲讲它的样子、现状及濒危原因、呼吁一下大家可以怎样保护它们。
提示词语：live, in danger, the number of, enough food, safe place, protect
提示问题：
●What do they look like?
●Why are they in danger now?
●How can we save them?
I love pandas
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
【答案】 I love
pandas
Pandas are our national treasures. They look very lovely with black and white fur. They are fat and have four strong
paws. They usually live in bamboo forests and mainly live on bamboo. However, the cute animals are in danger now.
It’s difficult for pandas to have babies, and many baby pandas die when they are very young. What’s more, the
bamboo forests are getting smaller now. As a result, pandas are becoming fewer and fewer. In order to provide pandas
with enough food and living places, we should set up more nature reserves with lots of bamboo. We should give them
more care in their daily life. Anyway, let’s work hard to protect pandas together.
【解析】
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：根据提示问题，介绍一种濒危动物，描述它的外貌、现状及濒危原因、呼吁一下大家可以怎样保
护它们。
[写作步骤]
第一步，首先介绍它是什么样的；
第二步，介绍它们为什么现在处于危险中；
第三步，介绍我们应该如何保护它们。
[亮点词汇]
①live on以……为食
②What’s more而且
③As a result结果
④in order to为了
[高分句型]Anyway, let’s work hard to protect pandas together.（不定式作目的状语）
