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Unit 1 What’s the matter？单元知识清单
Section B
一、 基础知识清单
Words 1. hit [hit] v.（用手或器具）击；打
2. bandage[ˈbændɪdʒ] n.绷带 v用绷带包扎
3. press [pres] v 压；挤；按
4. sick [sɪk] adj. 患病的，不适的
5. sickness n.疾病；弊病
6. knee [ni:] n. 膝盖
7. nosebleed [ˈnəʊzbliːd] n 鼻出血
8. breathe [briːð] v. 呼吸
9. sunburned [ˈsʌnbɜːnd] adj 晒伤的
10. ourselves [ɑ:ˈselvz] pron. 我们自己
11. myself herself himself themselves
12. risk [rɪsk] n. & v. 风险，危险；冒险
13. accident [ˈæksidənt] n. 意外事件；事故
14. accidental adj 意外的；偶然的
15. situation [ˌsitjuˈeiʃən] n. 状况，形式，情况
16. rock [rɔk] n. 岩石
17. knife [naif] n. 刀，餐刀
18. mean [mi:n] v. 意味着，意思是，意欲
19. importance [ɪmˈpɔ:tns] n. 重要性
20. important adj 重要的
21. decision [dɪ'sɪʒn] n. 决心，决定，抉择
22. control [kən'trəʊl] v. 控制，支配，
23. spirit ['spɪrɪt] n. 勇气，意志
24. death [deθ] n. 死亡
25. dead adj 死的
Phrases 1. fall down 摔倒 (fall – fell – fallen)
2. have a nosebleed 流鼻血
3. get hit on/ in 被击打 get hit by sth
4. cut oneself割伤自己
5. run it under water用水冲洗
6. feel sick 感到不舒服
7. have problems doing 做某事有困难
8. = have difficulty doing9. = have trouble doing
10. be interested in 对…感兴趣
11. get sunburned 被晒伤
12. be used to doing 习惯于
13. take risks 冒险
14. because of +n./doing 因为
15. a dangerous situation 危险的境地
16. be caught 被困住
17. by oneself 独自
18. (sth.) run out 用尽，耗光
19. (sb.) run out of sth.
20. be ready to do 准备好做某事
21. = be prepared to do cut off 切下
22. so that + 句子 为了，以便于
23. so + adj./adv. that 如此…，以致于…
24. the importance of… …的重要性
25. make decisions to do 决定做某事
26. be in control of… 掌控…
27. keep on doing 坚持做某事
28. the same as 和…一样
29. go mountain climbing 爬山
30. mind doing 介意做某事
31. give up 放弃
Sentences 1. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.
2. Aron is used to taking risks.
3. Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.
4. He found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.
5. Aron’s arm was caught under a 360-kilo rock that fell on him when he was
climbing by himself in the mountains.
6. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something
to save his own life.
7. He was not ready to die that day.
8. So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.
9. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too
much blood.
10. Do we have the same spirit as Aron?
11. before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death.
Writing 疾病的表达和建议，健康生活方式
二、知识点清单
1. 知识点①：Someone felt sick. 有人生病了。（1b)
【考点分析】feel sick 生病；不舒服
【拓展】sick/ill 辨析相同点 生病的
ill adj.“生病的”，只能放 be ill in hospital 生病住院 He was ill last
be (系动词)后作表语 week.
ill→ illness n.“病；
疾病”
adj.“生病的”， be sick of … I feel a little sick.
不同点
** 错误的表达式 **放 “讨厌；厌恶……”
be (系动词)后作表语，
sick sick person = patient“ 病
** 错误的表达式 **放 人”
n.前作定语。
知识点②：Someone cut his knee.有人切到他的膝盖。（1b)
【考点分析】cut v 割；切； n 伤口(cut-cut-cut - cutting )
【拓展】与cut 相关的短语：
cut oneself 切到某人自己 cut up 切碎
cut into pieces 切成碎片 cut down 砍倒
cut off 砍掉
3.知识点③：Someone hurt his back.有人伤到他的后背。
【考点分析】 hurt- hurt-hurt v 受伤、疼痛 hurt oneself 伤到某人自己
hurt的用法
hurt v ** 错误的表达式 **受伤、 Did you hurt yourself?
疼痛
** 错误的表达式 **感到疼 My feet hurt
** 错误的表达式 **Hurt sb.侧 I’m sorry; I didn’t mean to hurt you.
重情感上伤到某人
adj. 受伤的 Luckily, none of the passengers were badly hurt.
4.知识点④：took him to the hospital to get an X-ray.带他上医院拍X光片（1c)
【考点分析】take ... to... 带......去......
【拓展1】bring, take, carry, get, fetch辨析
bring意为“拿来；带来”，指从别处带到说话处。
take意为“拿去；带去”，指把某物(人)从说话处带到别处，与bring 所表示的方向相反。
get表示到某地去把某物取来，相当于fetch
bring意为“搬运；携带”，没有方向性。
【拓展2】与take相关的短语：
take down 拆除；往下拽；记录 take in吸入；吞入（体内）；欺骗
take a message捎个口信；传话 take a photo拍照
take a shower淋浴；洗澡 take a trip 去旅行
take a vacation去度假 take a walk散步
take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像 take an interest in...对……感兴趣
take away拿走 take breaks(take a break) 休息
take care of 照顾；照看 take care当心；小心
take it easy从容；轻松；别紧张 take notes做笔记
take off起飞；成功 take one’s temperature 量体温
take out the rubbish倒垃圾 take part in参加……；参与……
take place 发生 take pride in...对……感到自豪
take the subway乘地铁 take up占据时间、空间；开始从事；拿起
知识点⑤：As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一名登山者, 阿伦习
惯于冒险。
be used to意为＂习惯于……；适应于……＂，其中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing
形式。
☞ He is used to taking cold showers even in winter. 他习惯了甚至在冬天也用冷水淋浴。
☞ He is used to getting up early. 他习惯于早起。学科*网
【归纳拓展】
意为＂习惯于……＂，相当于短语get used to。
be used to sth / doing
☞ Be patient and you will be used to the life here soon.
sth
耐心些！很快你就会习惯这儿的生活的。
意为＂被用来做某事＂，是动词use的被动结构。
be used to do sth
☞ Plastics can be used to make all kinds of things.
(=be used for doing sth )
塑料能被用来制造各种各样的东西。
意为＂过去常做某事＂，表达过去。
used to do sth
☞ I used to go to the cinema, but I hardly ever have time forfilms now.
我过去经常去看电影，但现在我几乎没有时间看电影
了。
知识点⑥：But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save
his own life. 但是当他的水用尽时，他知道他必须做一些事情来拯救自己的生命。
run out作不及物动词短语，意为＂用尽；耗尽＂，主语通常是时间、金钱、水、食物等无
生命名词。
☞ His strength ran out. 他的力气用完了。
☞ After a long walk, he ran out of his water. 长途跋涉后，他用尽了他的水。
【易混辨析】 run out与run out of
是＂动词＋副词＂型动词短语，主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词。
run out
☞ His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快花完了。
作及物动词用(＝use up)，后接宾语，主语通常是人。
run out of ☞ I have run out of my money before payday.
在发工资的日子之前我已经用尽了我的钱。
【注意】 run out of... 其原意为＂从……中跑出＂。
☞ Lots of students ran out of the classroom to see what had happened.
很多学生从教室里跑出来看看发生了什么事。
知识点⑦：His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains
even after this experience. 他对登山的热爱是如此深厚以至于在这次经历之后他还继续登山
（1）＂so ... that...＂意为＂如此……以至于……＂，that引导结果状语从句。此句型中，so
是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。常用句型结构为：主语+谓语+so+adj./adv.+ that从句。
☞ The math problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out. 这道数学题是如此难以至于我解不
出来。
☞ The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. 这个男孩太小还不能去上学。
【易混辨析】 such... that与so... that的区别
(1)so+ adj./adv.
adj. + a/an + _________many/few + 可数名词复数 + that从句
much/little+___________
(2)such + a/an + adj. + 单数名词
adj. + ___________ +that从句
adj. + 复数名词
【注意】 如果so... that...句型中，that引导的从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致，在否定句
中可与too... to...或not... enough to...结构转换。
☞ He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小了，不能去上学。
=He is too young to go to school. =He isn’t old enough to go to school.
1. 那次聚会是如此让人激动以至于我永远都不会忘记它。
The party was _____________ _____________ _____________ I would never forget it.
2. 她是如此好的一位老师以至于所有的学生都喜欢她。
She is _____________ _____________good teacher _____________ all the students like her.
【答案】1. so exciting that 2. such a；that
（2）keep on doing sth意为＂继续或坚持做某事＂，表示动作重复多次，中间有间隔，强调
重复性。
☞ They kept on working though it was dark. 尽管天黑了，他们却继续工作。
☞ Don’t keep on interrupting me. 别老是跟我打岔。
【知识拓展】
①keep doing sth意为＂继续不停地做某事＂。表示动作的持续不间断、无停顿，强调
连续性。
☞ Keep walking until you reach the end of the road. 继续走，知道你到达路的尽头。
②keep sb doing sth意为＂让某人一直做某事＂。
☞ I’m sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起让你久等了。
③keep sb from doing sth意为＂阻止某人做某事＂。
☞ You shouldn’t keep him from watching cartoons. 你不该阻止他看动画片。
【魔法记忆】 英语中后接doing作宾语的词(组)
完成练习值得忙 finish, practise, be worth, be busy
继续习惯别放弃 keep on, be used to, give up
考虑建议不禁想 consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like
喜欢思念要介意 enjoy, miss, mind知识点⑨：—Are you OK? 你还好吗?
—No, I don’t feel well. 不，我觉得不舒服。
feel well意为＂身体好；感觉舒服＂。其中feel意为＂感觉＂，为系动词，后常接形容词作
表语。well表示健康状况时，是形容词，意为＂健康的＂。
☞ I think I’ll go and lie down — I don’t feel well. 我想我得去躺一会儿，我感到不大舒服。
【易混辨析】 good与well的区别
是形容词，意为＂好的；优秀的＂，在句中常用作表语或定语。
good ☞ I have a good friend. 我有一个好朋友。
作副词，意为＂很好地＂，常用来修饰动词，在句中作状语。
☞ She speaks English well. 她英语说得好。
well
作形容词，常用来表示健康状况，意为＂健康的＂，在句中常用作表
语。
☞ I hope she is well. 我希望她身体健康。
知识点10：decision n. 决定；抉择
decision常用于短语make a decision/decisions意为＂作决定＂。
make a decision to do sth.＝decide to do sth.＝make up one’s mind to do sth. 决定做某事。
He made a decision/decided to go to New York finally. 最后他决定去纽约。
三、单元写作
【话题分析】
本单元的写作任务是会写针对健康问题提出合理化建议的短文。在写作过程中，要求
同学们熟悉人体部位的表述，掌握描述人体的不适等健康问题。要注意关键词语的正确使
用，并能够针对健康问题运用情态动词should和shouldn’t提出更加正确、具体和深入的合
理化建议。
能表达生活中存在的健康问题，并就这些提出建议；能描述意外伤害事故，并给出合
理的应对措施。
1. 能用＂have...＂表达健康问题及意外事故。
2. 能描述健康问题的状况或意外事故发生的过程及病情或受伤的程度。
3. 能用 ＂should/shouldn’t＂ 提建议。4. 写作微技能：不同句式的表达。
【典型例题】
(2021江苏宿迁中考真题)
公众健康日（7月7日），旨在倡导“全民健康，快乐为本”的理念。随着生活水
平的提高，健康越来越受到重视。你们准备组织一个关于“健康”主题的演讲活动，请你
根据下面内容，准备一篇题为How to live a healthy and happy life的演讲稿。
How to live a healthy and happy life
健康包括身体（physical）健康和心理（mental）健康。
1. 健康饮食；
身体健康 2. 适当锻炼；
3. 充足睡眠。
1. 积极乐观；
心理健康 2. 与人为善；
3.……（至少一点）
希望 ……（至少一点）
注意事项：
1. 词数90左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 文中不得出现真实的地名、校名、人名等信息。
How to live a healthy and happy life
Hi, my dear classmates,
With the improvement of living conditions, we are paying more and more attention to our
health, which includes both physical and mental health. Then how can we students live a healthy
and happy life?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
【高分模板】
How to live a healthy and happy life
Hi, my dear and classmates,With the improvement of living conditions, we are paying more and more attention to our
health, which includes both physical and mental health. Then how can we students live a healthy
and happy life?
Firstly, we should keep our bodies healthy. Not only do we need to eat healthy food, but we
also need to exercise in a proper way every day. For example, we can run for 30 minutes every
morning or play sports after school. Meanwhile, we still need enough sleep every day.
Secondly, mental health is also very important. We need to love our life and try to be active.
We need to get along well with others as well. When we’re sad, we can communicate with our
parents, teachers and friends frankly.
In a word, I hope everyone can have a healthy body and mind, and then we can have a
healthy and happy life every day.
That’s all. Thank you!
【名师点评】
1.题干解读：这篇作文要求学生们以How to live a healthy and happy life为题写一篇文章，
发表一下自己对“健康”这一话题的看法。题目中用表格列出了文章应包括的内容：首先
介绍健康的分类；然后分别介绍如何保持身体健康和心理健康；最后提出自己的希望。学
生们可以联系自己的日常生活，根据表格中的提示，再增加一些细节信息，用正确的英语
进行表达。
2.写作指导：审题可知，这篇短文应用一般现在时态、第一人称为主叙述。写作时应主语：
首先文章要点全面，应包括题目中列出的所有要点，并对心理健康和希望进行补充。其次
应注意英语句式结构的特点以及与汉语表达方式的不同，使用正确的词汇和句型，以简单
句结构为基础，穿插并列句、复合句和其他句式的使用，提升文章档次。最后应注意上下
文的衔接，使文意连贯，表达流畅。
【素材积累】
【常用短语】
（一）健康问题类短语
1. 牙痛 have a toothache
2. 头痛 have a headache
3. 肚子痛 have a stomachache4. 背痛 have a sore back
5. 喉咙痛 have a sore throat
6. 流鼻血 have a nosebleed
7. 感冒 have a cold
8. 发烧 have a fever
9. 咳嗽 have a cough
10. 感到恶心feel sick
（二）意外事故短语
1. 摔倒fall down
2. 割伤cut oneself
3. 撞到头 get hit on the head
4. 膝盖受伤 hurt one’s knee
5. 背受伤 hurt one’s back
6. 手臂受伤 hurt one’s arm
（三）措施短语
1. 躺下来休息 lie down and rest
2. 喝热的蜂蜜水 drink hot tea with honey
3. 看牙医 go to the dentist
4. 拍X光 get an X-ray
5. 量体温 take one’s temperature
6. 在……敷药 put some medicine on.....
7. 用绑带包扎 put a bandage on...
8. 在水下冲 run under the water
9. 去医院 go to the hospital
10. 休息几天 rest for a few days
11. 去看医生 go to a doctor
12. 切除 cut off
【常用句子】
（一）佳句欣赏与模仿
1. I sat in the same way for too long without moving. The bus driver stopped the bus without
thinking twice.（without doing sth没有做某事）
2. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.（to one’s surprise 使……惊讶；出乎……意料）
让我感到惊讶的是，他能独自穿越这片森林。
3. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the doctors saved the man in time.（thanks to多亏；
由于；in time及时）
4. He bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.（so that 因此）
5. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after his
experience.（so... that... 如此……以至于……）
6. Aron is used to taking risks.（be used to doing sth习惯于做某事）
【小试身手】
由于新冠病毒的爆发，几个月来我们不得不待在家里。它教会了我们重新审视自己的
习惯，更好地生活。请根据下列提示写一篇80词左右的英语短文，谈谈保持健康的秘诀。
提示：1. 多锻炼，多喝水，均衡饮食；
2. 早睡早起，保持充足的睡眠；
3. 多吃蔬菜和水果，健康饮食。
要求：短文的开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
提示词：eat a balanced diet均衡饮食
Because of COVID-19, we have to stay at home for months. It taught us to take a second to look at
our habits and to live better.
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_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________One possible version:
Because of COVID-19, we have to stay at home for months. It taught us to take a second to
look at our habits and to live better. Here are some tips to keep healthy.
First, we should do more exercise and eat a balanced diet. Drink more water every day.
Second, we’d better go to bed early and get up early to keep enough sleep. Third, why not eat
more vegetables and fruit every day? As you know, they are good for our health. What’s more, to
be healthy, we can’t play too much computer games.
In a word, there are many ways to make us healthy. You can find some and try them.
【详解】
1、题干解读：题目要求根据所给提示写一篇80词左右的英语短文，谈谈保持健康的秘诀，
包括锻炼、生活作息和饮食等方面的内容，可适当发挥。
2、写作指导：本文应该以第一人称来叙述内容；时态采用一般现在时为主；介绍保持健康
的秘诀时，应详细具体，语句通顺，逻辑性强，保证条理清晰。
