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Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city park.
单元知识清单 Section B
一、 基础知识清单
Words 1.repair(v.)修理=fix
2.broken(adj.)破损的
3.wheel(n.)轮子
4.letter(n.)信件,字母
5.disabled(adj.)残疾的--disability(n.)
6.blind(adj.)瞎的
7.deaf(adj.)聋的
8.imagine(v.)想象--imagination(n.)想象力
9.open(v.)打开(adj.)开着的
10.difficulty(n.)困难--difficult(adj.)困难的
11.door(n.)门
12.carry(v.)拿,提,扛
13.train(v.)训练(n.)火车--training(n.)训练
14.excited(adj.)激动的--excite(v.)使。。。激动--exciting(adj.)
15.kindness(n.)善良--kind(adj.)善良的
16.clever(adj.)聪明的
17.change(v.n.)改变(n.)零钱
18.understand(v.)理解--understanding(adj.)通情达理的--misunderstand(v.)误解
19.interest(v.n.)使感兴趣,兴趣--interested(adj.)感兴趣的--interesting(adj.)有趣的
词性转换 1:journey. n.(尤指长途)旅行,行程→journey. V.旅行
2:break. v.打破,折断→broken. adj.破损的,残缺的
3: able. adj可以的,能够的→ability. n能力→enable. v使能够→disabled. adj残疾
的
4:difficulty. n.困难,难题→difficult. adj.困难的→difficultly. adv.困难地
5:excited. adj.(人)感到激动的,兴奋的→excitedly. Adv.兴奋地→exciting. adj.
(物)令人感到兴奋的,激动的→excitement. n.兴奋,激动
6: understand. v理解,懂得→understanding. adj善解人意的,体谅人的
7:change. v.改变→change. n.变化→change. n.零钱
8:interest. n.兴趣→interest. v.使….感兴趣,使关注→interesting. adj.有趣的
→interestingly. adv.(物或事)令人感兴趣的→interested. adj.(人)感到有趣的
Phrases 1. put off doing sth. 推迟;延迟做某事
2. for example 比如;例如
3. at least 至少3. make lots of money 赚许多钱
4. be worried about 对…担忧
5. in one’s free time 在某人空闲时间里
6. raise money for homeless people 为无家可归的人筹钱/募捐
7. move to another place 搬到另外一个地方
8. take after 与......相像;像(有血缘关系)
9. give away 赠送;捐赠
10. fix up 修理;修补;解决
11. be similar to 与……相似
12. stop to do sth. 停正在做事去做另件事
13. set up 建立;设立 46. make a difference to 对…有影响
14. a friend of mine=one of my friends 我的一个朋友
15. be/get excited about sth/doing sth 对某事(做某事)而感到激动
16. have difficulty (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有困难
17. disabled people 残疾人 51. be able to 能够
18. make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使某人有可能做某事
19. give orders 发出指令
20. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目
21. get a special trained dog 获得一只经过特殊训练的狗
22. be/feel lucky to do sth. 幸运的做某事
23. be strong in … 在…方面很强
24. help out as a volunteer 作为做一名志愿者帮助做某事
25. be free to do sth 有空做某事,自由去做某事,任意做..
26. work out fine 产生良好的效果
Sentences 1.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.
我干我热爱干的工作同时帮助别人。
2.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.
你帮助拥有幸运儿对我来说成为可能。
3.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
幸运儿对我的生活起重要作用
4.I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
我喜欢动物并且因过去拥有狗的想法而感到激动。
5.The ideas that he came up with worked out fine.
他提出的办法效果不错。(that定语从句) (结果,效果;算出,制定出)
Writing 叙述自己参与的志愿者活动,应聘到某处做志愿者
二、知识点清单
知识点①:similar /take after/ look like
similar作形容词,意为“相似的”。be similar to…意为“与……相似,接近”,一
般用在相近似的物
品和情境的对比上。例如:
His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。I guess it may be similar to the Hindu culture. 我猜想,这可能接近于印度文化。
【拓展】
(1)look like意为“看起来像……” 。应用范围最广,除了描述人、物之外,也能抽象
表达事件或现象。例如:
He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起来像一个电影明星。
It looks like it’s going to rain soon. 天看起来要下雨。
(2)take after 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间,外貌用的最多,也能够用在性
格脾气这些内在特质上。例如:
She took after her mother almost in everything. 她几乎与她母亲一模一样。
Adam was my grandfather and I took after him. 亚当是我的祖父,我和他很相像。
知识点②:We can’t put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制订计划
put off意为"推迟;拖延",是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词,其后可接名词、代词或
动词-ing形式作宾语。
☞ We can’t put off having the meeting. 我们不能推迟召开这次会议。
【知识拓展】 常见put构成的短语
知识点③:repair动词,意为“修理;修补”。fix up修理;装饰。fix on选定,确定。
【例句】
I repaired the kite with beautiful flowers.我修好了那个带着漂亮的花的风筝。
【辨析】repair、mend与fix三者都有“修理;修补”之意,有时可以通用,但也有区别。对象范围很广,从房屋、道路到日常生活必需品,使受到一定损失或失灵的东
repair
西恢复其形状或功能。
意思是恢复某物体原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补)。一般指较小之物,像鞋
mend
子、窗子等。
用于需要重新“调”物体的结构,把松散的部件固定结实,将分离的物体各部
fix
分装配起来。
Who has repaired the broken leg of the table? 谁把桌子的断腿修好了?
This shirt is too old to mend. 这件衣服太旧,不能补了。
Can you fix the broken chair? 你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗?
知识点④: ☞ Many volunteers would like to set up an organization to help poor people. 许多志愿
者想设立一个机构来帮助穷人。
【易混辨析】 set up与build
set up 意为"建立,设立,开办",后常接某一组织、机构、团体等。
build 意为"建造,修建",后常接建筑物、机械等。
【一语辨异】They set up an organization to help the poor build houses. 他们设立了一个组织来帮
助穷人建造房子。
【知识拓展】
set up也可意为"竖立,架起,建起"。
☞ They are going to set up a bridge between the two islands. 他们打算在这两个岛之间架
起一座桥梁。
知识点⑤:imagine的用法
imagine v.想象;设想。既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,后接名词、代词、动名词或
宾语从句。
①imagine doing…想象去做……;
类似词组:give up doing sth放弃做某事
enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 regret doing sth后悔做某事keep doing sth持续做某事
put off doing sth推迟做某事 finish doing sth完成做某事 mind doing sth介意做某事
practice doing sth练习做某事
②imagine sb. doing…想象某人做……;③imagine + that从句/wh-从句 想象……;料想……(◆不可用于进行时)。
【例句】
Imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. 想象你不能走或手不能灵活运用。
I imagine(that) you are very tired. 我猜想你很累了。
知识点⑥:carry的用法
carry动词,意为“拿;提;扛”。
常见短语:
carry on继续下去;carry out开展,执行;carry through完成,渡过难关;carry over(在不
同情况下)继续存在
【例句】
He was carrying a box on his shoulder.他正扛着个盒子。
The woman carried her baby in her arms.妇女怀抱着孩子。
【辨析】carry、bring、take、fetch与get
carry 指“随身携带(不说明固定方向)”,有时含有“负担”的意思。
bring 指“从别处把东西或人带来、拿来”。
take 指“把东西带走或拿走”。
fetch 指“到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来”。
get 是常用词,多用于口语,与fetch同义。
He brought a new book with him.他带来一本新书。
Please take the letter to the post office.请把这封信送到邮局去。
I asked her to fetch me an evening paper.我求她去给我拿一张晚报来。
Go and get some water.去打些水来。
知识点⑦:You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 你帮助我, 使我能
够拥有Lucky。
(1)句中make是使役动词,意为"使;使成为",后常跟复合结构,即"make+宾语+宾
语补足语(形容词)"。☞ Computers make it easy to learn English. 电脑使英语学习变得容易。
(2)句中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后置的动词不定式复合结构for me to have Lucky。
【知识拓展】it作形式宾语的用法
(1)当不定式作宾语,且其后有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将动词不定
式置于句末。
☞ We find it important to learn English well. 我们发现学好英语很重要。
(2)常跟it作形式宾语的动词有:make/find/feel/consider/think等。
知识点⑨:make a difference 有影响,有作用
其后可跟to sb /sth,意为"对某人或某事产生影响"。
☞ The recent talk between Tom and his parents made a big difference to him.
最近汤姆和他父母之间的一次谈话对他产生了很大的影响。
【知识拓展】
make no difference 没有作用,没有影响
☞ It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响。
知识点 10:Most people would never think about this, but many people have these
difficulties. 大多数人从没考虑过这一点,但是许多人有这样的困难。
difficulty此处用作可数名词,通常用作复数形式,表示具体概念,意为"困难;难题;难
事",其形容词形式为difficult,意为困难的。
☞ There are lots of children with reading difficulties. 有很多存在阅读困难的儿童。
☞ He met with many difficulties when traveling. 他在旅行中遇到了许多困难。
【知识拓展】
difficulty表示抽象意义上的"困难"时,是不可数名词,have difficulty (in) doing sth
表示"做某事有困难",=have trouble (in) doing sth
☞ I had great difficulty (in) finishing the task. 完成这项任务我觉得很困难。
三、单元写作
【话题分析】
本单元的话题是“提供帮助和做志愿者”,应用文体裁居多,该话题属于中考常考话题
之一。主要是叙述自己参与的志愿者活动,提供给别人的帮助,包括应聘到某处做志愿者会做的志愿者活动,能为别人或者机构提供的帮助等内容。重点考查学生以下能力:
1. 掌握并熟练使用表达出活动的要点;
2. 会写一些简单的应聘信;
3. 清晰表达自己的能力。
【写作步骤】
1.总分总结构。短文通常分为三个部分:
总------第一部分:开篇点题,引出话题。
分-------第二部分:活动内容以及提供的帮助。
总——第三部分:活动的感受。
2.人称:第一人称。
3.时态:一般将来时、一般过去时。
【典型例题】
3月5日是学雷锋纪念日,你校师生去敬老院开展志愿者活动。假如你是李华,请通过邮
件将此活动情况介绍给Mary。
活动时间:3月5日
活动地点:幸福敬老院(Nursing Home)
参与人员:志愿者
活动形式:1. 送鲜花、水果和美好的祝福。
2. 帮老人整理房间、打扫卫生……
3. 陪老人聊天;为老人表演(唱歌、跳舞),读报……
活动感想:此活动很有意义,从中学会了关爱老人、尊重老人……
要求:1. 要点齐全,条理清晰,语句通顺,不要逐字翻译,须适当发挥。
2. 词数100字左右。(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)
Dear Mary,
Thank you for your last E-mail. Let me tell you what we did on 5thMarch.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________If you have the chance in China, I hope you can join us.
Li Hua
【高分模板】
Dear Mary,
Thank you for your last E-mail. Let me tell you what we did on 5thMarch.
As a member of volunteers, I got up early because I was too excited to sleep. In the
morning, we volunteers brought some flowers and fresh fruit. As we arrived at the Happiness
Nursing Home, we sent them our best wishes too. How happy they were!
Then we cleaned the windows and swept the floor for them. After that, some of us performed
activities for them, such as singing songs and dancing. Some of us read newspaper for them. Some
of us chatted with them. When it was time for us volunteers to leave, they were grateful for our
kindness.
From this meaningful activity, I found that we are supposed to care for the old and respect them.
In our daily life, we should offer our seats to them on buses. And we should treat our own
grandparents more kindly.
If you have the chance in China, I hope you can join us.
Li Hua
【名师点评】
1.题干解读:该题目属于材料作文,也是日记。本文时态主要是一般过去时。认为阅读料,
认真审题,根据提示要点列出提纲,短文必须包含提示内容,可适当发挥。注意语法和单
词拼写。
2.例文点评:例文符合题目要求,写出了去敬老院开展志愿者活动过程,包含了所有要点。
本文格式时态使用正确,表达条理清楚连贯,没有语法单词拼写错误,符合英语的表达习
惯,运用了合适的连接词或过渡词,文章思路清晰,富有逻辑性。
3.高分亮点:
(一)短语和连词的使用:As,because,too…to…,then,after,such as,when, if等。(二)句型:(1)As a member of volunteers, I got up early because I was too excited
to sleep.(2)As we arrived at the Happiness Nursing Home, we sent them our best
wishes too.(3)When it was time for us volunteers to leave, they were grateful for our
kindness.(4) From this meaningful activity, I found that we are supposed to care for the
old and respect them.等。
【素材积累】
1. help to do...帮助做.....
2. clean up打扫
3. cheer up使高兴起来
4. give out food分发食物
5. teach kids教学生
6. volunteer志愿者
7. give some advice给出建议
8. make a plan制定计划
9. come up with想出......
10. work in an old people’s home在敬老院上班
11. help out with想办法解决
12. lonely孤独的
13. care for照顾
14. decide to决定做
15. give up放弃
16. at the age of在.....岁时
17. try out参加.....选拔
18. tried doing尝试做
19. come true实现
20. learn something important学到了重要的东西
21. be interested in对......感兴趣
22. at the same time同时
23. volunteer to do自愿去做.....
24. put up张贴
25. repair修理
26. give away捐赠
27. thank you for...因......而感谢28. change my life改变我的生活
一,句型积累:
1. I’d like to help to clean up the city parks.我想去帮忙打扫市里的公园。
2. I can teach kids to learn English.我会教孩子们学英语。
3. Let’s make some notices.咱们做些通知吧。
4. Iwant to be a volunteer in an old people’s home.我想在敬老院做志愿者。
5. I like reading newspaper to them.我喜欢读报给他们听。
6. We should listen to them and care for them.我们应该倾听他们并且照顾他们。
7. I love animals and want to be an animal doctor.我喜欢小动物想成为一名兽医。
8. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of
joy on their owners’ faces.我得到强烈的满足感当我看见他们主人脸上的喜悦感。
9. Volunteering here is a dream come true.能在这做志愿者,我的梦想实现了。
10. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.我可以做我喜欢做得去帮
助别人。
11. Helping others can bring us happiness.帮助别人能给我们带来快乐。
12. I think we’d better....我觉得我们最好....
13. In my free time I like to...so I think I’d be good at this job.在业余时间我喜欢做所以我
觉得我擅长这项工作。
14. I’m strong in....我强烈想加入....
15. I want to help out as a volunteer in your group.我想在你们的团队里做一名志愿者。
【小试身手】
假如你叫Lucy,是一名中学生,你想成为国际动物救助中心 “IAH(International Animal
Helper)”的一名志愿者,请用英文写一封自荐信。提示要点:1.能参加周末活动;2.到救助
中心的距离近;3.喜爱小动物,愿意帮助它们;4.懂一点医学知识;5.补充1-2点个人信息
和想法。词数90词左右
Dear Sir/Madam,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____ Yours sincerely,
Luc
y
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Lucy.I’m a middle school student.I want to help out as a volunteer at IAH.I love
animals and I’d like to help them.I have some medical knowledge.I believe I can be a good helper.
I live near IAH and it only takes about ten minutes to get there by underground. What’s more,I’m
free on weekends and I can take part in the activities. If I get the chance, I won’t let you down.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Lucy