考点 3 阅读七选五
阅读七选五之利用位置关系解题（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考查类别
项目
语篇类型 主题语境 段中 段尾
卷别 段首句
句 句
人与自然·介绍了在室内
种植植物的好处以及如
乙卷 说明文 0 3 2
何选择适宜室内种植的
植物
人与自我·介绍了成为一
甲卷 说明文 1 3 1
个有耐心的人的技巧
2023
2023年1月· 人与社会·如何使坐火车
说明文 1 4 0
浙江卷 旅行尽可能愉快的建议
人与社会·开始艺术之旅
新高考Ⅱ卷 说明文 1 3 1
的好建议
人与自我·自我原谅的一
新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 0 4 1
些具体方法
新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与社会·寻找锻炼伙伴 0 4 1
2022 甲卷 说明文 人与社会·外出用餐礼仪 1 3 1
乙卷 说明文 人与社会·如何维持友谊 3 1 1
人与社会·体验巴黎人的
新高考Ⅰ卷 记叙文 1 4 0
生活
人与社会·旧衣物交换活
2021 甲卷 说明文 1 4 0
动
人与自我·使自己变得有
乙卷 说明文 2 2 1
趣
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中阅读七选五的考查了12次。主要考查：
主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、衔接过渡句(文章结构)和上下文逻辑关系句(细节支撑)三类。其中，上下文逻辑关系
句是考查的重点。
【备考策略】系统归类阅读七选五的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
阅读七选五以说明文为主，其结构非常的鲜明，设空处前后提示信息很明显，考查考生理解语篇整体或者局
部的基本结构，以及上下文的逻辑关系和基本的同义改写能力。说明文阅读七选五将在2024年高考中出现。根据段首位置线索解题
1．主旨句：常以段落小标题或段落主题句的形式出现。
2．段落过渡句：空处的答案能够将上一段和下一段的内容连贯起来。
段首设空题解题指导：
①段落标题句：观察其他段落标题的表达形式；段落标题的特点：短小精悍，以祈使句或短语为主；阅读段落内
容提炼中心词，留言体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词。
②段落主题句：认真阅读下文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关词，推断主题句。
③段落间的过渡句：瞻前顾后找线索，正确答案应连贯上一段结尾和下一段内容。
【典例1】（2023年新高考II卷）
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media
and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic
ability.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【典例2】 (2022·全国乙卷·节选)
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.Although technology might make
day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of
friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【典例3】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of
weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make
you happy.French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a
handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we
had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率)．You can tell this by café life. French cafés
are always crowded. 40. Not all the customers are tourists.When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour
workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the
number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
1.【2023·安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us. It’s impossible to make a perfect choice every time. But there is one
particularly effective technique to improve our chances: critical thinking.
Prepare your question.
____ 3 6____ For example, if you’re wondering whether to go for fitness, there are many factors that will cloud your
reasons. But, if you know clearly what you can get by body-shaping, that’ll help you decide whether it really suits your
needs.
A．Explore other points of view.
B．Apply the information collected.
C．In other words, get to know what you’re looking for.
D．Then what about the long-term environmental effects?
E．But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
F．Therefore, ask yourself about what interests you most and what is needed.
G．It helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a wiser decision.
2.【2023·安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
____ 3 9____
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to countless travel trips or destinations. Even if you disagree with everything
that travel agencies say, exploring the viewpoints might explain why some routes that don’t seem valid to you appeal to
others. This will allow you to explore alternatives, evaluate your own choices, and ultimately help you make more informed
decisions.
A．Explore other points of view.
B．Apply the information collected.
C．In other words, get to know what you’re looking for.
D．Then what about the long-term environmental effects?
E．But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
F．Therefore, ask yourself about what interests you most and what is needed.G．It helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a wiser decision.
3.（2023·辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题）
___
It’s easy to give in when your children are losing their tempers. But each time you give them what they want, you teach
your children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way to get their needs met. If you want to raise mentally strong
kids, stick to your limits.
A．Giving in to misbehavior
B．Keeping to your principles
C．Teach them not to give up dreams easily
D．Kids tend to have a wide variety of emotions
E．Therefore, set limits on what you give your children
F．You may think it’s cute to spend more money on your children
G．They are also more likely to struggle with self- confidence issues
二、段中设空题
段中设空题通常考查过渡句和细节句。段中句若位于主题句后，很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主
题、解释前面句中的某个概念等；位于段落中间可能起衔接作用。要重点阅读空前一句和空后一句，找出它们之
间的逻辑关系，或者根据意义的连贯性得出答案。解题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的
语篇标志词(关联词)。
段中设空题：
①细节句：设空位于段中，首先阅读选项并画出关键词；然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句，画出关键
词，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；阅读各个选项，标记关键词；比较匹配关键词，确
定答案；利用词汇复现找到答案；利用表并列、转折、递进和因果的关系的关联词找到答案。
②过渡句：阅读空处前后内容，挖掘内在的逻辑关系；阅读各个选项，标记表示转折、并列、递进或因果关
系的关联词；注意词汇复现：同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词复现，不同时态形式的动词等。
【典例1】（2023年新高考I卷）You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That
way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine
through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【典例2】 (2022·全国甲卷·节选)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules.36.Don't get caught making an
embarrassing mistake at a restaurant. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends orfamily — no matter where you are in the world.
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat
with a utensil in each hand. 38 ， instead preferring to use their hands.In Chile, you may never touch any food with
your fingers.People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
（2023·吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校模拟试题）
Don’t watch or read scary content before bed.
Images-from any exciting or disturbing content you watch before bed can appear in your dreams. 164
Reading the news media and then hopping into bed is more likely to give rise to upsetting dreams than looking through
pictures from your last vacation with your family.
A．Use a white noise machine.
B．Practice stress-relieving activities.
C．A healthy sleep routine begets sound sleep.
D．Instead, try herbal teas and other drinks aiding sleep.
E．How can we reduce nightmares and improve our sleep?
F．During the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too.
G．Dreams and rapid eye movement sleep is essential for memory improvement.
三、段尾设空题
1．细节句：①与上文是转折或对比关系；②与上文是并列或递进关系。
2．总结句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语，如 therefore、 as a result、 thus、 to sum up、 to
conclude、 in a word等。
3．段落过渡句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。
题型和考查角度：
①结论句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
②承上启下句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
③细节句：空前一句或两句是重点语句，应该重点阅读；锁定空前重点语句中的高频词汇和体现逻辑关系的
关联词；寻找选项中是否有表逻辑关系的关联词；寻找选项中是否有与上文相同或相似的句式结构。
④过渡句：瞻前顾后找线索；阅读上一段的结尾，结合下一段的开头，留意衔接词和关键词；注意所选答案
是否衔接上下段内容；阅读空前段落内容，抓住主旨，总结空前的内容，并利用词汇复现等技巧选出正确答案。【典例1】 (2021·1月浙江高考·节选)
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water.You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the
line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong.People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking
lot. 31
It turns out, it's just math working against you；chances are, the other line really is faster.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E．How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F．With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G．But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【典例2】 (2020·全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
·Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before
weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job，earned your degree，and you got out of bed
today. 39
A．Feeling upset again?
B．Where do you start?
C．Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D．Remember, you are only human.
E．Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F．Stop comparing yourself with others.
G．When does the comparison game start?
【2023·安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Gather your information.
There’s lots of it out there, so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what’s relevant. If you’re
trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition, you may ask an expert for their advice, or seek other people’s
opinions. ____ 3 7____
A．Explore other points of view.
B．Apply the information collected.
C．In other words, get to know what you’re looking for.
D．Then what about the long-term environmental effects?
E．But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
F．Therefore, ask yourself about what interests you most and what is needed.
G．It helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a wiser decision.基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023·辽宁省抚顺市普通高中第一次模拟】
Patience is a virtue, but it can also be a medicine. People who know how to practice patience enjoy fewer negative
emotions, feel less depressed, and are more satisfied with their lives. ___ 3 6___ That’s why we’re bringing you this guide
to some tips for improving your patience.
Take Up a Patience-Centric Sport
Practicing patience doesn’t have to be all hard work. You can make it fun with a sport that rewards you for
perseverance(毅力). Playing sports that encourage waiting can be particularly helpful for building life hardship patience.
___ 3 7___ Hunting is another activity many people enjoy, and this sport definitely requires perseverance.
Keep a Journal
___ 3 8___ You could use creative writing or calendar journaling to help boost your patience. Learning patience can be
a long journey and you may get discouraged. Having a record of how far you’ve come can keep you focused and motivated.
___ 3 9___
Humans are social creatures. Having a trusted friend, partner, family member, or coworker we can turn to when our
impatience gets the best of us can help us feel better. We should try to use our support system to brainstorm how we can
make things better.
Take a Break
What do you do if time management doesn’t make you feel in any less of a rush? Sometimes, feeling like you’re
always in a hurry and impatient means you need a break. Hurry sickness is a non-life-threatening condition people can
develop when they go non-stop. ___ 4 0___
A．If you don’t take a break when you need one, hurry sickness could develop into burn out.
B．Fishing, golf, and baseball are fun sports that require patience.
C．Seek Out Support
D．Acknowledge Your Feelings
E．Further, patient people may also benefit from a range of health advantages, such as better sleep and fewer headaches.
F．These are not the types of personalities teachers would want to project when dealing with children, parents, and even
coworkers.
G．Writing forces us to slow down our thoughts, and that’s why journaling is useful.
2.【2023·湖南省岳阳市教学质量检测（二）】
Your Brain Was Made For Walking
If a president, a legendary philosopher, and one of the bestselling authors of all time credited the same secret for their
success, would you try to follow it too? What if the secret was something you already knew how to do? ___36___.
Get walking! It’s not just some people who made a case for it as a prime creativity booster. ___37___ A Stanford
University study found that participants were 81 percent more creative when walking as opposed to sitting. According to the
study, walking outside—versus on a treadmill—produces the most novel and highest quality analogies in participants who
walked and then sat down to do creative work.The movement aspect of walking is obviously key. You’ve probably heard the phrase “Exercise your creativity”, which
refers to the brain as muscle. Our creative mindset is stimulated by physical movement. ___38___
But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey reveals that
Americans spend 87 percent of their time indoors. Being inside, you’re more likely to stagnation(停滞), the antithesis of
energy. ___39___ Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone, which
is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities.
___40___ Engage more closely with your surroundings for the next four weeks. Turn off your phone and give yourself
the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move. Walk not
just for exercise. Walk for wonder.
A．In fact, you probably do it every day.
B．Physical movement is unintentional.
C．Without energy, you can’t wonder or create.
D．So why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking?
E．That is why walking- with a friend, or alone feeds creative thinking.
F．Researchers have traced connections between walking and generating ideas.
G．Disconnecting from multimedia increases performance on all problem-solving tasks.
3.【2023·第八届湖北省高三4月调研】
When I read that we spend almost three hours every day checking our smartphones, I was shocked. What was I missing
in the real world when walking down the street, lost in a virtual world of social media updates and videos of dogs on
bicycles? I promised myself I would use my smartphone less, but it didn’t happen. Then one day my phone died and I had to
wait a week for a new one.____36____I thought it would be hard, but in fact it was quite easy—and surprising in a good
way for a number of reasons!
The first consequence was quite amazing—On the first day in the office without my phone, I was thinking more deeply
and concentrating more. I rediscovered my brain!____37____Another consequence was that I actually talked to people
more and felt more connected to them. I realized I was being more responsive to their news and sympathetic to their
problems because I wasn’t constantly checking my phone. ____38____Their kindness made me feel welcome, and I
discovered my brain has very good GPS!
At the very beginning, I was worried that I would be bored without my phone, but actually I enjoyed it—I’d forgotten
how much I love books and newspapers.____39____And I also sensed that I slept so much better and felt more awake in the
morning.
At times it was inconvenient to have no mobile internet connection, but all in all, there were a lot of benefits from not
being connected 24/7. So, if you think you use your smartphone too much, put it away for a few days and see what
happens.____40____
A．Would I survive?
B．What’s the problem?
C．You never know, you may become smarter!
D．Without a phone at hand I was more productive.
E．Reading everyday made me feel a lot more special.
F．I’m a lot more careful about how much I use it now.
G．Another day I was in a new city and I asked people for directions.
4.【2023·江苏省连云港市高考考前模拟考试】Everyone knows that the choices we make affect our future. Suppose I am an intelligent student with good marks.
However, being lazy, I do badly in my examinations. I am refused entry to university and cannot find a good job. The
golden future will never be. ____ 3 6____
However, your choices affect your future in a way that is more complicated. ____ 3 7____ Your character is displayed
through your choices, but it is also formed by them. Whenever you make a choice, your character changes or grows,
depending on whether the decision you made is wise or foolish. ____ 3 8____ And so, you become the sort of person who
will make a certain kind of choice in a certain situation.
____ 3 9____ After all, the field of human choice is a narrow one. Most of the things that form us in our lives are not
subject to choice. We cannot choose when and where to be born, whether our families will be rich or poor, kind or cruel. We
cannot even entirely control who we will meet in our lives. With so much that we cannot choose, how can we be said to be
responsible for anything?
However, we do have some power of choice, and we do control the most important thing of all: how we respond to
circumstances. ____ 4 0____ It is our key to having confidence in the future. It is human nature to fear the future, as the
future is unknown. You cannot entirely control what will happen to you tomorrow. But if you have confidence in your
character, then you do know one thing for certain about the future: no matter what happens, you will make a choice that you
will be proud of.
A．Some will argue this is not true.
B．All these are from a bad choice!
C．Too many choices can be confusing.
D．This ability to choose how we behave is a great gift.
E．We can choose to keep struggling in hard times, or to give up.
F．Your character is being made by you, bit by bit, choice by choice.
G．This is because nearly all the choices you make affect your character.
5.【2023·河北省唐山市二模】
Perseverance is a unique precondition to success in life. We can prove this fact when we look at the reality of life and
the history of man’s success. Perseverance helps us do what we otherwise would consider impossible to do.
____36____ All he has to do is to keep doing and doing without being cast down. Success will come someday or other,
though it may apparently be the conception that it cannot be done. ____37____ But the reality is that man’s success
depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully. And to succeed in this tough battle perseverance and hard
work is a must.
Perseverance is the secret of success. Without it, no great achievement is possible. Even if a person is not very talented,
nor highly knowledgeable, still he can succeed in life simply by his perseverance. Every action has its reaction.
____38____ It must yield results. Even a genius can hardly succeed in life without knowing how to use his brain and labor.
All the great men in history, Issac Newton, Columbus, Robert Bruce, etc., have written their names in golden letters by
means of perseverance. ____39____
If one looks at his own life, he can very well understand that whatever he has so far gained, he has gained it only by his
hard labor, and not by chance. Therefore, perseverance must be practiced. ____40____ It helps you achieve many goals in
life.
A. So hard labor has no alternative.
B. They have been changing the world.
C. Virtually, there is nothing that man cannot do.D. In this way, the noble habit becomes a part of one’s life.
E. In human life, the role of perseverance is often ignored.
F. Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us.
G. The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy.
真题感知
1.2020·新课标Ⅰ
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. ___36___
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●___37___ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping
that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the
only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our
failures. ___38___ You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done
better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before
weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed
today. ___39___
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you
feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. ___40___ Turn to a page in your
journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
2.2020·新课标Ⅱ
Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.
___36___. It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention
clear. ___37___, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in
communication style can be a challenge. ___38___. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for
those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it’s
simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?
___39___. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouragingsmile.
,
___40___ and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling
emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
3.2020·新课标Ⅲ
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The
person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and family to
congratulate the person on the new home. ___36___ And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully
presents.
___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some
common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t
a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
___38___ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no
planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the
guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their
new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ___39___
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new
home as a gift. ___40___ Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
4.2020年山东卷
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.___16___Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are
some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a
speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ ___17___ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your
audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one
who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s
message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.___18___
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.___19___And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember,
even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.___20___It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t
count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience.
Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than
shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
5.2020年6月浙江卷
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. ___31___ His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his
interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every
evening. ___32___ I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a
week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer
chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. ___33___
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing
buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me
how creative my designs were. ___34___ I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into
something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with
me.
___35___My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My
brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in
autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
6.2020年1月浙江卷
Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water
to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
___31___For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a
light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people
around the world.___32___That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases
from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from dirty water. That'saround 1 ， 400 children every day ！ Also ， in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get
water.___33___Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.
___34___On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of
dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK，
children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.___35___People give them money to do this and
all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
7.2020年北京卷
Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems,
trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant
stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person
himself.____46____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an
issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to
stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
____47____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better
physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's
ability to deal with problems and hardships.____48____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis
accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression
and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of
any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of
additional stress.____49____
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality
of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a
problem.____50____
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
8.2019·全国卷IIs Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the
answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is
filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，
allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In
these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things
can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital
patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky
instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get
enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen
minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
9.2019·全国卷II
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? This is
what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child
on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself ,
your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to
your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really
want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short- and long-term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs,
values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these
points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one
because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh
goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them
without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
10.2019·全国卷III
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I
have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the
logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design,
read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on
topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best
friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social
media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism
or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
