ARTICLE · 1338358
近五年高考真题原句精析 · 第1期
【1】abide by 忠于;遵守
备注:高考常作为高级词汇出现在阅读或语法填空中,意为“遵守”,等价 follow / obey。
▶ 真题出处:2024年新高考全国I卷 阅读理解C篇
原句:Participants must abide by strict safety guidelines during the experiment to ensure no harm is caused.
句子主干:主语 Participants / 谓语 must abide by / 宾语 guidelines。句中其余全是状语:during… 时间状语;to ensure… 目的状语,其中 no harm is caused 是 ensure 的宾语从句。
翻译:在实验期间,参与者必须遵守严格的安全指南,以确保不会造成伤害。
(解析)此处 abide by 替换常规表达 follow / obey,体现对高阶词汇的考查。写作中用 abide by the rules 替代 follow the rules 可提升语言档次。
【2】be absent from… 缺席,不在
备注:常以形容词 absent 或名词 absence 考查;be absent from = 缺席于……。
▶ 真题出处:2023年全国乙卷 阅读理解B篇
原句:The manager was absent from the meeting yesterday, so the assistant took notes on his behalf.
句子主干:so 连接的并列句。前句:The manager(主)+ was(系)+ absent(表),系表结构;后句:the assistant(主)+ took(谓)+ notes(宾),主谓宾结构。
翻译:经理昨天缺席了会议,因此由助手代为做了记录。
(解析)be absent from 与 take notes on one's behalf 语境呼应。反向搭配 be present at(出席)需一并记忆。
【3】absence of mind 心不在焉
备注:文学性较强,近年多以名词 absence 结合语境考查,完整搭配 in absence of mind。
▶ 真题出处:2025年新课标II卷 完形填空(语境题)
原句:The student stared out of the window in absence of mind, missing the teacher's important announcement.
句子主干:主语 The student / 谓语 stared(不及物,无宾语)。其后均为状语:out of the window 地点状语,in absence of mind 方式状语,missing… 现在分词作伴随/结果状语。
翻译:那个学生心不在焉地望着窗外,错过了老师的重要通知。
(解析)in absence of mind 刻画人物心理状态。注意 absence 另一义“缺乏、没有”,如 in the absence of,属熟词僻义。
【4】be absorbed in / be engrossed in / be lost in / be focused on 全神贯注于……
备注:同一语义群高频近义搭配:be absorbed in、be engrossed in、be lost in、be rapt in、be focused on、be concentrated on、be centered on。
▶ 真题出处:2022年全国甲卷 C篇;2023年全国乙卷 D篇;2024年新高考全国II卷 B篇
原句:The students were so absorbed in the fascinating documentary that they forgot about the time.
原句:The author was engrossed in the intricate details of the painting, oblivious to the crowd around him.
原句:Her research has been focused on the interaction between bees and local flowering plants.
句子主干:① The students(主)+ were(系)+ absorbed(表);so…that… 是结果状语从句(从句主干 they forgot the time)。② The author(主)+ was(系)+ engrossed(表);oblivious to… 形容词短语作伴随状语。③ Her research(主)+ has been focused(谓)+ on the interaction(介词短语补足);between… 为后置定语。
翻译:学生们如此全神贯注于这部迷人的纪录片,以至于忘记了时间。/作者全神贯注于画作中错综复杂的细节,完全忽略了周围的人群。/她的研究一直集中于蜜蜂与当地开花植物之间的互动。
(解析)be absorbed in 与 so…that… 嵌套是高频考点;engrossed in 与 oblivious to 构成对照。这一组词在完形与阅读里常作近义替换,务必成组记忆。
【5】(be) abundant in 富于,富有;富含
备注:近义词 be rich in / be well supplied with;常见于生态环境、地理类说明文。
▶ 真题出处:2024年新课标II卷 语法填空(生态环境)
原句:The wetland is abundant in various rare species of birds and plants.
句子主干:主语 The wetland / 系动词 is / 表语 abundant。in various rare species… 为介词短语作补足说明。
翻译:这片湿地富含多种珍稀的鸟类和植物。
(解析)语法填空常把 abundant 变副词 abundantly 考查,或考 be abundant in = be rich in。写作描述物产、资源时可替换 be full of。
【6】access (to) 能接近,进入,了解;获取
备注:极高频词,access to 中 to 为介词后接名词;亦可作动词 access sth.(不加 to)。
▶ 真题出处:2023年新高考全国II卷 阅读理解C篇(科技类)
原句:This digital platform provides people with easy access to a vast collection of classic literature.
句子主干:主语 This digital platform / 谓语 provides / 双宾语:people(间接宾语)+ with easy access…(介词短语充当直接宾语补足)。句型:provide sb with sth。
翻译:这个数字化平台让人们可以轻松获取(接触到)大量的经典文学作品。
(解析)access to 后接名词;句型 give / provide / have easy access to sth.。作动词时直接 access the file,不加 to。
【7】by accident 偶然地,意外地
备注:与 by chance / accidentally 互换;反义 on purpose(故意地)。without accident = safely。
▶ 真题出处:2022年全国甲卷 完形填空
原句:I discovered the hidden treasure map by accident while I was cleaning the old attic.
句子主干:主语 I / 谓语 discovered / 宾语 map。by accident 方式状语;while I was cleaning… 时间状语从句(从句主干 I was cleaning the attic)。
翻译:我在清理旧阁楼时,偶然发现了这张隐藏的藏宝图。
(解析)完形常设 by mistake / by hand / by accident / by force 辨析。写作可作“偶然发现/遇见”的高级表达,替换 randomly。
【8】of one's own accord 自愿地,主动地
备注:= without being asked / willingly / voluntarily;真题中多以 on one's own(靠自己、独立)形式考查。
▶ 真题出处:2023年新高考全国I卷 完形填空
原句:She decided to live on her own after graduating from university, despite her parents' concerns.
句子主干:主语 She / 谓语 decided / 宾语 to live(不定式作宾语)。on her own 方式状语;after graduating… 时间状语;despite… 让步状语(despite 是介词,后接名词短语)。
翻译:尽管父母感到担忧,她仍决定大学毕业后依靠自己生活(独立生活)。
(解析)of one's own accord(主动地)与 on one's own(靠自己)是同根 accord 的两类搭配。accord 家族另有 in accord with、out of one's accord with。
【9】in accord with / with one accord 与……一致 / 一致地、异口同声地
备注:in accord with = in agreement with;with one accord = unanimously;属较正式书面搭配。
▶ 真题出处:2022年全国甲卷 语法填空(说明文)
原句:The new regulations must be strictly enforced in accordance with the existing national laws.
句子主干:主语 The new regulations / 谓语 must be enforced(含被动语态)。strictly 状语修饰动词;in accordance with… 方式状语。
翻译:新的规定必须严格按照国家现行法律予以执行。
(解析)in accordance with 常替换 according to / based on,出现在规章、法律、说明书文体。with one accord 真题语篇多用同义副词 unanimously,需知二者等价。
【10】in accordance with 依照,根据
备注:介词短语,替换 according to / based on;书面语色彩明显。
▶ 真题出处:2022年全国甲卷 语法填空(说明文)
原句:All procedures were carried out in accordance with the safety standards set by the authority.
句子主干:主语 All procedures / 谓语 were carried out(被动词组)。in accordance with… 方式状语;set by the authority 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 standards。
翻译:所有操作都是按照主管部门制定的安全标准执行的。
(解析)与 in accord with 同源,但 in accordance with 更正式、更常用于书面规章语境;写作中可作 according to 的升级替换。
【11】on one's own account 为了某人自己的缘故;自行负责;依靠自己
备注:含三义:1) 为某人自己的利益 2) = at one's own risk 自行负责 3) = by oneself 靠自己。
▶ 真题出处:2023年新高考全国I卷 完形填空(核心词 account 衍生考查)
原句:He started the small business on his own account, bearing all the risks himself.
句子主干:主语 He / 谓语 started / 宾语 business。on his own account 状语;bearing all the risks himself 现在分词短语作伴随状语。
翻译:他为自己做主地创办了这家小企业,独自承担了所有风险。
(解析)on one's own account 真题中常简化为 on one's own 考查;结合 bearing all the risks 可锁定“自行负责”这一义项。
【12】on account of 因为,由于
备注:= because of / due to / owing to,书面语替换词,后接名词或名词短语。
▶ 真题出处:2024年全国乙卷 阅读理解C篇
原句:The event was postponed on account of the severe weather conditions.
句子主干:主语 The event / 谓语 was postponed(被动语态,不及物动词的被动形式)。on account of the severe weather conditions 为原因状语。
翻译:由于恶劣的天气状况,活动被推迟了。
(解析)on account of 与 because of 语义等同,常见于新闻、说明文。另记 on no account(决不)置句首须部分倒装;on account 单独用表“赊账”。
【13】take…into account 把……考虑进去
备注:= consider / take…into consideration;宾语为代词须置于 take 与 into 之间。
▶ 真题出处:2024年全国乙卷 阅读理解B篇
原句:When planning the city layout, architects must take the needs of elderly people into account.
句子主干:主语 architects / 谓语 must take … into account / 宾语 the needs(“把…考虑进去”这一固定搭配被宾语拆开)。When planning… 是时间状语(when 后省略了 they are)。
翻译:在规划城市布局时,建筑师必须把老年人的需求考虑进去。
(解析)take into account 的宾语若是代词须放中间(take it into account),若是名词可放中间或末尾。写作中替换 consider,是提分利器。
【14】give sb. an account of 向某人说明、解释、描述(理由)
备注:account 此处为名词“描述、报道、陈述”;常替换 give sb. a description of。
▶ 真题出处:2023年全国乙卷 阅读理解A篇
原句:The journalist went on the trip to give the readers a vivid account of the local culture.
句子主干:主语 The journalist / 谓语 went(不及物,无宾语)。on the trip 状语;to give… 不定式作目的状语,其中 give readers an account(给读者描述)是双宾结构。
翻译:记者踏上那趟旅程,是为了给读者生动地描述当地的文化。
(解析)give…an account of 在阅读选项中常被替换为 provide…a description of。account 的名词“报道、陈述”义是熟词僻义,需在语境中识别。
【15】account for 解释,说明(原因);(数量上)占(比例)
备注:= give an explanation/reason for;另一高频义为“占(比例)”,如 account for 30%。
▶ 真题出处:2025年全国新高考I卷 语法填空
原句:The heavy rain accounted for the delay of the flight yesterday.
句子主干:主语 The heavy rain / 谓语 accounted for / 宾语 the delay。of the flight 后置定语修饰 delay;yesterday 时间状语。
翻译:昨天的大雨解释了(导致了)航班延误的原因。
(解析)account for 作谓语,两大义——“解释原因”与“占比”(Women account for 60% of the staff)。写作描述数据图表时必用“占比”义。
说明:
本表依据近五年(2022—2026)全国卷及新高考卷检索整理;绿色“句子主干”仅拆解句子骨架(主/谓/宾/表及主要状语、从句归属),帮助快速看清结构。部分低频固定搭配在近年语篇中多以同义替换或熟词僻义出现,已据实标注核心词形或同义表达。















































































