技巧03 主旨大意题的答题优化策略
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题是考查考生整体把握文本能力的核心题型，要求考生通过梳理文章结
构、整合段落核心信息，提炼出文章的中心思想、段落主旨或作者的写作目的，而非关注个别细节。主
旨大意题有如下特征：（1）概括性强：正确答案需涵盖文章或段落的核心内容，具有宏观总结性，避免
选择仅涉及局部细节的选项。（2）提问指向明确：题干常包含“main idea”“best title”“purpose”“mainly
talk about”等标志性词汇，直接指向对“整体内容”的考查。（3）干扰项特征固定：常见干扰项多为
“以偏概全”（仅概括某一段落）、“过度延伸”（超出文章讨论范围）或“无中生有”（提及文章未
涉及的话题）。
答题突破技巧
一、主题句定位法 —— 抓 “信号词 + 核心句” 精准破题
【操作技巧】
80% 以上的议论文、说明文主旨藏在 “主题句” 中，常见于首段尾句、段首句或转折词后（如
however、in conclusion）。
首段尾句：文章开篇通常会进行背景铺垫或现象引入，作者往往在首段末尾抛出核心观点。例如在
探讨人工智能发展的文章中，前几句先罗列 AI 在各领域的应用案例，尾句点明 "AI 技术的伦理边界亟
待明确"，直接揭示文章主旨。
段首句：每段段首常为该段的核心论点，若文章段落结构清晰，将各段首句串联起来，便能梳理出
文章的主旨脉络。以分析网购利弊的文章为例，各段首句分别阐述 "网购便利性重塑消费习惯"" 虚假信
息引发信任危机 " 等，整合后可提炼出文章对网购全面辩证的态度。
转折词后：像 however、but、in conclusion 这类转折词，往往标志着作者真实意图的转折或总结。
例如在论述社交媒体影响的文章中，前文先描述社交平台的积极作用，用 "However, the hidden privacy
risks cannot be ignored" 转折后，引出文章重点探讨的隐私安全问题。
【阅读语段】
Urban gardening has gained popularity in recent years, but many people overlook its most unexpected
策略分析
benefit: pollination support. A 2024 study found that city gardens with native plants attract 37% more bees than
rural farms using pesticides. "Cities aren’t just concrete jungles—they’re vital refuges for declining pollinators,"
says entomologist Dr. Lena Hart. In conclusion, urban gardening isn’t just a hobby; it’s a critical conservation tool
for protecting global pollinator populations.
What is the main idea of the paragraph?
A. Urban gardening is a popular hobby worldwide
B. Native plants are better for bees than pesticides
C. Urban gardening helps protect pollinators
D. Cities are important refuges for wildlife
【技巧应用】
定位信号词：在分析高考英语阅读理解文章时，要特别留意各类总结性信号词。以某篇真题为例，
语段末句出现总结词 “in conclusion”，这类词如同导航路标，明确指示此处内容具有总结性质，据此我
们可迅速锁定该句为主题句。通过长期真题研究发现，带有 “in conclusion”“therefore”“in summary” 等
总结词的句子，80% 以上概率为主题句。
提取核心：找到主题句后，需精准提炼其核心内容。在上述案例中，主题句 “urban gardening... is a
critical conservation tool for protecting global pollinator populations” 清晰表明，文章核心在于阐述城市园艺
在保护全球传粉者种群方面，是至关重要的保护手段。此时要摒弃对句子中无关修饰成分的关注，聚焦
主谓宾等关键信息，准确把握文章主旨。
匹配选项：将提炼出的核心内容与题目选项进行比对。选项 C 对主题句进行了合理的同义替换，准
确概括了文章主旨，因此是正确答案。选项 A 仅提及 “urban gardening” 是 “popular hobby”，这只是
文章中的一个片面信息，未能涵盖城市园艺对保护传粉者种群的重要意义；选项 B 聚焦 “native
plants”，这属于文章中的细节内容，并非主旨；选项 D 将保护对象从原文的 “pollinators” 扩大到
“wildlife”，超出了文章论述范围，均不符合要求。
二、高频词锁定法 —— 抓 “重复核心词” 锚定主旨
【操作技巧】
文章围绕 “高频词” 展开，统计重复出现的名词 / 名词短语（3 次以上），可快速定位核心话题。
这一技巧基于英语语篇的连贯特性 —— 作者通常会通过重复关键词、使用同义词或近义词等方式，强
化文章主题。例如在一篇探讨人工智能对教育影响的文章中，“artificial intelligence” “education” “learning
methods” 等词若频繁出现，基本可判定文章核心聚焦于二者关联。在实际解题时，建议先通读段落首尾
句，快速抓取高频词汇，再结合段落间逻辑关系，最终锁定文章主旨。此外，要特别注意区分高频词的
“有效重复”，排除仅作为例子或细节出现的词汇干扰。
【阅读语段】
Urban beekeeping, the practice of raising bees in cities, has become a global movement. More than 500 cities
in Europe now have urban beekeeping programs, and New York City alone has over 3,000 registered urban
beekeepers. Experts explain that urban beekeeping not only produces local honey but also helps sustain wild bee
populations. Even schools are joining the trend—many have set up small hives to teach students about urban
beekeeping and ecology.
What is the passage mainly about?
A. The benefits of local honey production
B. The rise of urban beekeeping worldwide
C. How schools teach ecology through bees
D. Wild bee populations in European cities
【技巧应用】
统计高频词：在阅读文本时，快速扫描全文，统计各关键词出现的频次是识别主旨的有效方法。以
某篇阅读材料为例，“urban beekeeping”（城市养蜂）一词出现了 4 次，远超其他词汇，成为全文最高
频核心词，这强烈暗示其与文章主旨密切相关。高频词往往是作者反复强调的核心概念，是文章论述的
关键所在。
排除非核心词：通过对比发现，“honey”（蜂蜜）、“schools”（学校）、“wild bee”（野生蜜蜂）
在文中仅出现 1 次。这些单次出现的词汇多是为了辅助说明核心内容而引入的细节信息，它们围绕核心
概念展开，但本身并不能代表文章主旨。在筛选主旨时，应果断排除这些非核心词，避免被次要信息干
扰判断。
验证主旨：进一步深入分析文本内容，发现整个语段围绕 “urban beekeeping” 展开，从多个角度体
现其流行趋势：文中提到 “global movement”（全球运动），说明城市养蜂是一个广泛的全球性现象；
“cities have programs”（城市推出相关项目）表明各地城市积极推动城市养蜂；“schools join”（学校参
与）则展现了教育领域对城市养蜂的关注与支持。通过这样对文本的全面梳理，选项 B 精准概括了文章
主旨，而其余选项因偏离高频词核心，无法准确提炼文章核心内容，因此可判定为错误选项。
三、干扰项排除法 —— 识 “命题陷阱” 反向验证
【操作技巧】
主旨题干扰项常具备 “偷换概念、以偏概全、无中生有” 等特征，通过 “选项溯源原文” 可逐
一排除。
偷换概念：命题人会巧妙替换关键词的修饰限定成分，或用近义词替换核心词汇制造语义偏差。例
如将原文 "sustainable urban development" 替换为 "rapid urban expansion"，看似相关实则改变论述核心。
以偏概全：把段落细节或分论点包装成全文主旨。如某篇探讨人工智能伦理的文章，选项却聚焦于
某类算法技术，忽略其他维度的讨论。
无中生有：编造原文未提及的观点或结论。当选项中出现绝对化表述（如 "must" "never"）且无法在
原文找到对应支撑时，需格外警惕。
选项溯源三步法：① 圈定选项核心关键词；② 在文中定位对应段落；③ 对比范围、情感倾向与逻
辑关系，精准识别陷阱选项。
【阅读语段】
Remote work has changed office culture dramatically. A 2025 survey of 10,000 employees found that 68%
prefer hybrid work schedules, while 22% want full remote work. Employers report challenges like managing team
communication, but most agree that remote work boosts employee retention. However, remote work hasn’t
eliminated office spaces—many companies now design smaller, more collaborative offices for in-person
meetings.
【试题】
Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Remote work has made office spaces unnecessary
B. Employees prefer full remote work to hybrid schedules
C. Remote work has transformed office culture with pros and cons
D. Employers struggle with remote work communication
【技巧应用】
识别陷阱选项：在高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题中，命题人常设置多种陷阱干扰考生判断。以某篇
探讨办公模式变革的文章为例，选项 A 存在 “正话反说” 的陷阱，原文明确指出 “hasn’t eliminated
office spaces”，即办公空间并未被完全取代，可选项 A 却暗示办公空间已被消除，与原文表意截然相反；
选项 B 则属于 “偷换概念” 类型，原文表明 “68% prefer hybrid”（68% 的人倾向于混合办公模式），
但选项 B 将其偷换为 “prefer full remote”（倾向于完全远程办公），曲解了原文核心观点；选项 D 犯
了 “以偏概全” 的错误，它仅提及 “employers’ challenges”（雇主面临的挑战），却忽略了员工偏好、
办公室实际使用变化等关键信息，无法全面概括文章主旨。
锁定正确项：正确选项 C 的设置极具代表性，它精准涵盖了 “transformed office culture”（办公文
化的变革）这一核心变化，同时包含 “pros and cons”（利弊），其中 “利” 体现为员工的不同偏好，
“弊” 则对应雇主面临的挑战 ，从整体上高度契合全文内容，完整且准确地提炼出文章主旨，是解答
主旨大意题时典型的正确答案范例。
四、结构分析法 —— 理 “总分逻辑” 抓整体框架
【操作技巧】
高考英语阅读理解文章的结构布局存在明显规律，最常见的为 “总 - 分”“分 - 总” 以及 “总
- 分 - 总” 结构。“总 - 分” 结构中，作者通常会在文章开头或段落首句抛出核心观点，随后用具体
事例、数据或分析进行支撑；“分 - 总” 结构则先罗列现象、分析问题，最后在结尾处总结核心结论；
“总 - 分 - 总” 结构兼具前两者特点，首尾呼应点明主旨。
考生可以通过精准识别段落间 “观点 + 例证”“问题 + 解决”“现象 + 结论” 等逻辑关系，快速锁
定关键信息。例如，若段落中出现 "For example" "Such as" 等举例标志词，其前后的观点句往往是段落
重点；遇到 "However" "Nevertheless" 等转折词，则需重点关注转折后的内容。通过系统梳理这些逻辑脉
络，能有效提炼出文章主旨，攻克主旨大意题这一难关。
【阅读语段】
There are three key ways to reduce food waste at home. First, meal planning helps avoid impulsive purchases
—writing a weekly menu cuts waste by 23%, according to a 2024 study. Second, proper storage extends food life:
freezing bread and labeling leftovers can prevent spoilage. Third, using "ugly" produce reduces waste too—
imperfect fruits and vegetables are just as nutritious as perfect ones but often get thrown away. By combining
these methods, families can cut food waste by up to 50%.
What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain why food waste happens at home
B. To introduce ways to reduce home food waste
C. To compare different food storage methods
D. To highlight the benefits of meal planning
【技巧应用】
梳理结构：在处理阅读理解文本时，分析文章结构是把握主旨大意的关键第一步。以该文本为例，
首句便开宗明义提出核心观点 “three key ways to reduce food waste”（减少食物浪费的三种关键方法），
为全文奠定基调。随后作者采用 “分点阐述” 的方式，分别从 “ meal planning”（膳食计划）、
“storage”（储存方法）、“ugly produce”（不美观农产品利用）三个维度展开详细举例说明，用具体案
例和数据支撑核心观点。末句通过总结实施这些方法后的显著效果，形成 “总 - 分 - 总” 的经典结构。
这种结构能帮助读者快速定位主旨，即文章围绕减少食物浪费的方法展开论述。
排除细节项：在解答主旨大意题时，命题人常设置以偏概全的干扰项。选项 C “storage” 仅聚焦文章
分述部分中关于食物储存的单一方法，选项 D “meal planning” 同样只对应膳食计划这一局部内容，二者
均无法涵盖全文核心。而选项 A “why waste happens”（食物浪费发生的原因）在原文中并未涉及，属于
无中生有的干扰项。通过对这些选项的细致分析，可有效排除不符合主旨的内容。
匹配总起句：正确选项的选择需与文章主旨高度契合。选项 B 与文章首句 “three key ways to
reduce food waste” 形成精准呼应，不仅涵盖了文章论述的核心话题，还完整概括了文本通过多种方法减
少食物浪费的核心内容，是最能准确体现全文主旨的选项。在实际解题中，当发现选项与文章总起句或
总结句表述一致时，该选项极有可能是正确答案，这一技巧能帮助考生高效锁定正确选项。
五、文体特征法 —— 借 “文体规律” 定位主旨位置
【操作技巧】
不同文体的主旨位置固定（新闻在导语、议论文在首尾段、记叙文在情感升华句），可直接套用规
律定位。
新闻类文本：新闻讲究时效性与核心信息前置，其导语部分（通常为首段或首句）会高度概括事件
核心，如时间、地点、人物和关键事件，快速抓住新闻主旨。例如报道科技创新的新闻，导语会点明创
新成果及重大意义。
议论文体：议论文围绕论点展开论述，论点多位于文章开头，通过开门见山的方式提出观点；也可
能在结尾，通过总结前文论据，在文末得出结论，点明主旨。比如探讨网络利弊的议论文，开头直接抛
出对网络利弊的看法，或结尾综合分析后得出结论。
记叙文体：记叙文以叙事为主，主旨往往在文章结尾的情感升华句中体现，通过对事件的描述，在
结尾表达作者的感悟、思考或情感倾向，使读者领悟故事背后的深层意义 。
【阅读语段】
Scientists at the Marine Research Institute announced a breakthrough on October 15: they have developed a
new material that can remove microplastics from ocean water. The material, made from recycled seaweed, traps
98% of microplastics in lab tests. "This could be a game-changer for ocean conservation," said lead researcher Dr.
Mia Chen. The team plans to test the material in real oceans next year.
What is the news mainly about?
A. The problem of microplastics in oceans
B. A new material to remove ocean microplastics
C. The use of recycled seaweed in science
D. Plans for ocean conservation projects
【技巧应用】
识别文体：在解答高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题时，首先需要精准判断文章体裁。以某篇真题为例，
其首句出现 “announced a breakthrough”（宣布一项重大突破）以及具体时间 “on October 15”（10 月
15 日），这些典型要素高度契合新闻文体 “导语即主旨” 的核心特征。新闻类文章通常会在导语部分
直接呈现最重要的事件或观点，这一特点为我们快速锁定文章主旨提供了重要线索。
定位导语核心：通过对上述新闻导语的深度剖析，我们可以明确提炼出核心信息 ——“developed a
new material that can remove microplastics from ocean water”（开发出一种能够从海水中去除微塑料的新材
料）。这一关键表述不仅点明了新闻事件的核心内容，也为后续选择正确答案指明了方向。在实际答题
过程中，同学们要善于抓住导语中的核心动词和关键名词，这些往往是揭示文章主旨的关键所在。
验证选项：将题目中的各个选项与我们提炼出的导语核心信息进行细致比对。选项 B 的内容与导语
核心表述直接对应，准确概括了文章主旨；而选项 A 聚焦于 “problem”（问题），选项 C 强调
“seaweed use”（海藻的使用），选项 D 涉及 “plans”（计划），这些均属于文章中围绕核心事件展开
的次要信息，无法全面准确地概括文章主旨，不符合新闻类文章主旨定位的基本规律。因此，在验证选
项时，一定要紧扣导语核心，避免被次要信息干扰，从而做出正确的选择。
六、逆向验证法 —— 以 “选项为标题” 反推原文内容
【操作技巧】
在解答 “最佳标题题” 时，可采用逆向验证法，将每个选项假设为文章标题，通过三个维度判断
其适配性：
内容覆盖度：标题是否能精准概括文章核心论点、关键论据及主要情节？例如，若文章围绕 "AI 在
教育领域的伦理争议" 展开论述，标题却仅提及 "AI 技术发展"，则属于范围过小；
概念匹配度：标题中的核心概念是否与文章核心讨论对象完全对应？若文章聚焦于 "青少年心理健
康干预"，标题使用泛化概念 "人类心理研究" 则存在范围过大问题；
情感一致性：标题传递的情感基调（积极 / 消极 / 中性）是否与文章论述倾向相符？例如讽刺类文
章使用正向陈述标题，会导致表意偏差。
叙述精准度：警惕以偏概全的选项（如仅涵盖某一段落细节），或过度引申的表述（超出文章实际
讨论范畴）。
【阅读语段】
Volunteering abroad can be life-changing, but it requires careful preparation. First, research the organization:
avoid "voluntourism" groups that exploit local communities. Second, learn basic phrases in the local language—
this shows respect and helps communication. Third, pack appropriately: bring reusable items and avoid gifts that
may harm the local environment. Finally, keep an open mind—cultural differences are part of the experience.
Which is the best title for the passage?
A. The Benefits of Volunteering Abroad
B. How to Choose a Volunteering Organization
C. Preparing for Responsible International Volunteering
D. Cultural Differences in Volunteer Work
【技巧应用】
逆向假设验证：在处理主旨大意题时，逆向假设验证法是一种高效且精准的解题策略。通过假设
每个选项为文章标题，再与原文实际内容进行对比分析，能够快速甄别出选项与原文在核心内容、涵盖
范围等方面的契合度。
若以 “A. The Life-Changing Benefits of Overseas Volunteering” 作为标题，按照正常的行文逻辑，
文章内容应着重围绕海外志愿活动所带来的 “benefits”（益处）展开，深入探讨这些益处如何改变人生。
然而，仔细研读原文后会发现，仅有首句轻描淡写地提及 “life-changing”（改变人生），后续大篇幅内
容都聚焦于 “preparation”（准备工作），如语言学习、物资打包等。这就表明该选项的侧重点与原文严
重不符，其范围设定过宽，无法精准概括文章核心，因此可排除。
“B. How to Research the Organization for Overseas Volunteering” 选项仅对应原文中 “research the
organization”（研究志愿组织）这一个局部内容。而原文除了组织研究外，还详细阐述了语言能力提升、
合理打包物资等多方面内容，该选项未能将这些重要信息纳入其中，涵盖面过于狭窄，无法全面反映文
章全貌，不能作为文章的主旨标题。
当我们假设 “C. Preparing for a Responsible Overseas Volunteering” 为标题时，根据标题所传达的
信息，文章应围绕 “负责任的海外志愿活动的准备” 展开叙述。进一步分析原文，会发现文章不仅详
细介绍了准备工作，还着重强调了 “避免剥削” 以及 “环保” 等重要内容，这些要点都与 “负责
任” 紧密相关，同时也紧扣 “preparation” 这一核心动作。该选项与原文内容在主题和逻辑上完全匹配，
能够精准概括文章主旨。
“D. Understanding Cultural Differences in Overseas Volunteering” 选项仅仅对应原文末句提及的
“cultural differences”（文化差异）这一细节内容。主旨大意题需要提炼文章的核心观点，而该选项仅关
注了一个细节点，无法体现文章整体的核心内容和行文脉络，因此不能作为文章的标题。
锁定标题：经过对各个选项的逆向假设验证，选项 C “Preparing for a Responsible Overseas
Volunteering” 既牢牢抓住了 “preparing” 这一贯穿全文的核心动作，又通过 “responsible” 一词精准呼
应了原文中隐含的对海外志愿活动应秉持的责任要求，无论是在内容涵盖度还是逻辑契合度上，都远超
其他选项，无疑是最能准确概括文章主旨的最佳答案。
1
突破演练
A touching moment at an airport was captured in a Reddit video shared by users. In the clip, a young girl in
a wheelchair approaches a pianist setting up to play. Flashing a confident smile, she asks if he would like to
perform together.
The pianist agrees without hesitation, asking which instrument she plays. When she replies, “cello,”
excitement fills the air. Moments later, the pianist, the young cellist, and her teacher take their places on the
platform, ready to create a beautiful musical collaboration.
The airport grew silent as the young girl, filled with excitement, began playing alongside the pianist.
Travelers quickly gathered near the public piano, absorbed in the unexpected performance and recording the
moment on their phones.
The cellist, 17-year-old Valentina, who is living with a rare muscle disease, poured her heart into the music,
moving many in the crowd to tears. Even the pianist admitted he was in awe. “Music is my medicine,” Valentina
said a heartfelt message that struck a chord with everyone. The travelers witnessed the incredible power of her
music. By the end, her teacher’s proud smile reflected the inspiring spirit of this extraordinary musician.
Reddit users described the performance as a shining example of humanity at its best. Many praised music’s
ability to unite and heal (治愈), while the teacher’s role in making it happen earned widespread admiration. The
heartfelt video touched viewers deeply, highlighting the profound impact of music and human resilience.
One commenter praised the young cellist’s talent and determination, which shone through in the emotional
performance, highlighting how music can overcome physical challenges and touch people worldwide. Others
reflected on music’s profound impact, explaining its ability to influence brain function and well-being in humans
and other living beings. One story shared described a deer attracted by a musician’s performance, emphasizing
music’s universal appeal.
1．What did the video show?
A．The airport was noisy with a lot of people around.
B．The teacher was excited to see the famous pianist.
C．The pianist was willing to cooperate with the girl.
D．The disabled girl was embarrassed to perform in public.
2．How did the travelers respond to the musical cooperation?
A．They were fascinated and shot the scene.
B．They complained and asked for silence.
C．They expressed admiration for Valentina’s talent.
D．They praised the teacher’s role in making it happen.
3．What do we know about Valentina from the article?
A．She used music to treat her illness.
B．She was empowered spiritually by music.
C．She preferred music over medical treatment.
D．She suffered from a common muscle disorder.
4．Which of the following do commenters agree with?
A．Music can cure people’s physical pain.
B．Cooperation is a must in performances.
C．Music has a force of healing and appeal. D．Teachers are crucial in training talents.
2
When it comes to the business of moving elephants, Dr. Amir Khalil and his team might be the best. The
work experience of this Egyptian animal doctor includes possibly the most famous elephant relocation ever.
In 2020, Khalil’s team saved Kaavan, an Asian elephant, from years of loneliness at a zoo in Pakistan. They
flew him to Cambodia, where he could live a happier life at an elephant reserve. The relocation project was a great
success.
After that, there was Charley, an African elephant in South Africa. Charley had been living in Pretoria Zoo
for more than 20 years. Since his partner passed away in 2020, he was extremely unhappy. Elephants are very
sensitive animals. Zoo officials hoped that he could spend his remaining years in a better place. His new home
was going to be a private game reserve 200 kilometres away.
Charley was captured (捕获) in Zimbabwe in the 1980s. He spent 16 years in a circus and then 23 years at
the zoo. It is estimated that he is 42 years old and has been in captivity for 40 years.
As an animal rescue specialist, Khalil was selected for this task. Two other doctors, who had participated in
Kaavan’s relocation, also joined in. They met Charley two years ago to assess whether he was ready for relocation
and to earn his trust.
They trained Charley to enter a transport container by using his favourite foods such as pumpkins. To
everyone’s surprise, he was ready in less than two weeks.
In late August, Charley was moved to the Shambala reserve. At first, he will be kept in a separate area to
adapt to the new environment. It is quite rare for captive elephants to be returned to the wild. Khalil praised the
zoo and the government. At Shambala, Charley will be free and might recall his early life. He has already started
communicating with other elephants.
1．What did Dr. Amir Khalil’s team do in 2020?
A．They helped transport an Asian elephant to Cambodia.
B．They moved an elephant from South Africa to Cambodia.
C．They built a new elephant reserve in Pakistan.
D．They found a partner for an elephant in a zoo.
2．Why was Charley unhappy?
A．He disliked the Pretoria Zoo.
B．He was captured in Zimbabwe.
C．His partner died.
D．He spent most of his time in captivity.
3．What will happen to Charley first at the Shambala reserve?
A．He’ll be kept in a separate area.
B．He’ll join the wild elephant herds.
C．He’ll meet his old friends.
D．He’ll have to adapt to pumpkins.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．The Difficulties Dr. Amir Khalil and His Team Have Met
B．Dr. Amir Khalil and His Team’s Success in Elephant Relocation
C．Methods of Moving Elephants from One Place to Another
D．Zoos and Elephant Conservation All Over the World
3
“What have I gotten myself into?” I wondered as I sat through a research meeting conducted entirely in
Polish, unable to even read the title on the screen. Having only basic Polish language skills, I found my
experiment in cross-cultural cooperation more challenging than I had expected.
The idea of spending time abroad hadn’t occurred to me until my advisor suggested it during my first year.
With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which left me wanting more. So, I
applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland. To receive the fellowship, I first had to find a lab to host me, and
neither I nor my advisor had any connections to Poland.
Relying on Google to translate lab websites, I began to send cold emails. When my eventual host
responded, eager to collaborate, I was thrilled. I suddenly felt the possibilities for my research career were endless
and global.
I was the first visiting scholar my research group had hosted from the United States, and my Polish
colleagues were curious about what brought me to their country. This led to many fruitful discussions about the
similarities and differences in how science is conducted across cultures. For example, much of the funding in
Poland is awarded to teams rather than individuals. The system promotes cross-disciplinary ( 跨学科的)
cooperations across the country, which in turn shapes how scientists design and carry out studies.
I learned as much about the history and culture in Central and Eastern Europe as I did scientifically.
Colleagues related firsthand accounts about challenges the region faced during the Cold War. Many laboratories
had limited resources, and they rarely published their research in English. Those conditions helped shape research
on antimicrobial treatment into bacteriophage and antibiotics, and Poland remain leaders in the former to this day.
My cultural immersion made me a better researcher. I now see cross-cultural cooperations as a way to
overcome communication barriers that can block progress in science. By stepping outside my comfort zone, I
gained the confidence to navigate my research in new directions that I might have otherwise boxed myself out of.
1．Why did the author apply for fellowship in Poland?
A．To practice Polish and learn its culture.
B．To have another rewarding experience.
C．To follow the advisor’s suggestion.
D．To continue the research started in Japan.
2．How did the author benefit from the experience in Polland?
A．He became an expert in Cold War history.
B．He had access to cross-disciplinary cooperations.
C．He secured abundant funding for future research projects.
D．He obtained scientific knowledge and a global perspective.
3．Which words best describe the author?
A．Helpful and determined.
B．Cautious and innovative.
C．Adventurous and inquisitive.
D．Curious and competitive.
4．What does the author imply about cross-cultural cooperations?
A．They are essential for the advancement of science.
B．They might box researchers out of a certain direction.
C．They should prioritize language training over research.
D．They are valueless for creative minds in scientific field.
4
A new study led by researchers from Queen Mary University of London reveals that group arts
interventions — such as painting, music, or dance — can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety
among older adults. The findings offer a convincing case for the benefits of shared creative activities.
Depression and anxiety are silent struggles for millions of older adults worldwide, affecting 7% and 3.8%
of those aged 60 and over, respectively. While medications (药物) and talking therapies (疗法) are often the go-to
treatments, they aren’t always accessible or suitable for older adults, who may face side effects, high costs, or
discomfort in discussing their mental health.
This study shines a light on a promising alternative: the simple, yet deep act of creating art together. Led by
Elizabeth Quinn, a PhD candidate in psychology at Queen Mary University of London, the research found that
older adults in care homes saw a greater reduction in depression symptoms compared to those living in the
community, highlighting the potential of these interventions to support some of the most vulnerable members of
society.
What’s more, the benefits were consistent across different types of art — whether it was painting, dancing,
or making music — and across diverse populations, suggesting that the magic lies in the shared experience of
creating together.
The study also found that the setting mattered. Older adults in care homes, who often face higher levels of
loneliness and weakness, experienced the greatest improvements in mental health. This highlights the potential of
group arts interventions to reach those who need it most.
“Art interventions are accessible, cost-effective, and enjoyable,” said Dr. Jones, the study’s senior author.
“They offer a way to address mental health challenges that doesn’t rely only on medication or traditional therapy.”
The research team hopes their findings will encourage healthcare providers to integrate group arts
interventions into mental health care plans for older adults. They also call for further research to explore the long-
term benefits of these interventions and their potential applications in other age groups and settings.
1．What did the research find about the elderly in care homes?
A．They experienced more health issues.
B．They preferred medications for treatment.
C．They had a greater reduction in depression.
D．They were less happy than those living outside.
2．What is crucial to the success of group arts interventions?
A．The type of art.
B．The shared experience.
C．The professional guidance.
D．The length of the intervention.
3．What is Dr. Jones’s attitude towards art interventions?
A．Supportive.
B．Indifferent.
C．Doubtful.
D．Critical.
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Group Arts Interventions: Easing Older Adults’ Depression & Anxiety
B．Loneliness in Care Homes: Impact on Older Adults’ Mental Health
C．Medications & Therapies for Older Adults’ Mental Health
D．Long-Term Art Benefits for All Age Groups
5
Josh Klein is a pioneer in finding creative solutions to one of the world’s most pressing environmental
problems: food waste. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately one-third of the
food produced worldwide is wasted every year, which amounts to about 1.3 billion tons. Josh, however, isn’t just
talking about the problem — he’s actively working to solve it.
Josh Klein founded Spoiler Alert, a startup that helps businesses manage and reduce food waste by
connecting surplus food with charitable organizations and food banks. The platform allows companies to sell or
donate food that might otherwise go to waste, creating a win-win situation for both businesses and communities in
need.
Josh’s journey into the world of food waste innovation began while he was working in the tech industry. He
realized that just like many other industries, food production and distribution could benefit from more efficient
management. His company, Spoiler Alert, uses technology to provide real-time data to businesses, helping them
track food waste and make more informed decisions. By streamlining ( 优化) food distribution and connecting
businesses with organizations in need, Josh’s platform helps to redirect millions of pounds of food away from
landfills.
One of the most important aspects of Josh’s approach is the use of technology to solve a real-world
problem. Through data analytics and a user-friendly interface, Spoiler Alert has transformed the way companies
think about waste. Instead of seeing excess food as a loss, businesses are now able to see it as a valuable resource
that can benefit others.
Josh’s work not only reduces food waste but also helps provide food to those who need it most. His
platform has already been adopted by large companies in the food industry, and it continues to grow as more
businesses recognize the potential of reducing waste while giving back to their communities.
Through his innovation, Josh Klein is showing the world how technology and entrepreneurship (企业家精
神) can make a meaningful impact on society. By tackling food waste, he is helping to create a more sustainable
future for everyone.
1．What is the main goal of Josh Klein’s startup Spoiler Alert?
A．To support agricultural development in poor regions.
B．To optimize food production processes for companies.
C．To address food waste through nonprofit partnerships.
D．To minimize waste by commercializing excess food.
2．How does Spoiler Alert assist businesses in reducing food waste?
A．By offering real-time data to track food waste.
B．By selling surplus food to consumers directly.
C．By offering large discounts on food production.
D．By providing a platform to advertise surplus food.
3．What change in business attitude does Josh Klein’s platform promote?
A．Focusing only on reducing food production costs.
B．Treating excess food as a loss rather than a resource.
C．Reducing the amount of food produced to minimize waste.
D．Viewing surplus food as a valuable resource for donation.
4．Which of the following best describes Josh Klein?
A．Creative and honest.
B．Passionate and generous.
C．Innovative and determined.
D．Ambitious and warm-hearted.
6
Why do some people feel such a strong bond with celebrities, and what does this reveal about their
personality and values? A new study published in the International Journal of Psychology has found that people
who strongly admire celebrities tend to score higher in both materialism and narcissism ( 自恋). The study also
found that people who perceive themselves as similar to their favorite celebrity are more likely to have these
attitudes.
The study, conducted by Davis, Locker, and Williams, recruited 215 undergraduates, mostly women, who
completed a battery of questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward celebrities, materialistic values, and
narcissistic tendencies. Participants also answered newly created questions that assessed how similar they felt to
their favorite celebrity in terms of personality, appearance, or lifestyle.
Celebrity worship was assessed with the Celebrity Attitude Scale ( 量表). Materialism was measured by
examining how much value people place on owning things, how important possessions are to their identity, and
whether they believe material goods make them happier. Narcissism was measured in two forms: grandiose
narcissism (characterized by confidence, entitlement, and dominance) and vulnerable narcissism (marked by
insecurity, sensitivity to criticism, and a preoccupation with self-image).
The results showed a consistent relationship between celebrity worship and materialism. People who scored
higher on celebrity worship also tended to place greater importance on money, status, and possessions. When it
came to narcissism, only the vulnerable type, people with higher levels of emotional insecurity and self-focus,
were more likely to feel strongly connected to celebrities. Most importantly, perceived similarity — whether in
appearance, behavior, or personality — stood out as one of the strongest predictors of celebrity worship.
The researchers concluded, “celebrity worship is a complex construct, but perceived similarity with a
favorite celebrity and vulnerable narcissism may be fruitful avenues for future research.” Still, an important
question remains: do people idolize celebrities because they already feel similar to them, or do they start to see
themselves as similar after forming an emotional attachment?
1．What is paragraph 2 about?
A．The research background.
B．The research subjects.
C．The research results.
D．The research method.
2．According to the study, who are more likely to worship celebrities?
A．Those indifferent to wealth and social status.
B．Those valuing self-confidence and dominance.
C．Those emotionally insecure and self-focused.
D．Those seeking spiritual growth beyond possessions.
3．According to the researchers, what might be a direction of future research?
A．Celebrity worship.
B．Grandiose narcissism.
C．Materialism.
D．Perceived similarity.
4．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To explain celebrity worship psychology.
B．To warn against the dangers of celebrity culture.
C．To criticize celebrity materialism and narcissism.
D．To describe scales for measuring personality traits.
7
Anybody can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nobody is boring. Are people writing more? I
believe so. There is a lot of writing going on. All kinds of writing — amateur writing, professional writing,
creative writing, boring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymore. Storyteller, published author
and productive blogger are words that decorate people’s bio more often. The trend of listing what one is reading
has been replaced by listing self-authored articles.
Reading is unavoidable. Reading generates the road map for a society’s progress. But then why write? The
most substantial reason could be ease of Expression, Record, and Reach. Enabled by present-day technology, the
ease of Record (digitally saved forever) and Reach (to readers anywhere in the world) are undoubtedly the more
straightforward motivations to write. But ease of Expression? We perhaps partly owe that to technology too. The
social shaping (e. g. messaging behaviors) caused by technology has resulted in the breakdown of structures and
rules of writing to a great extent, if not entirely, thus freeing up the technique of writing like music and art.
Consequently, writing in all forms (short-long), structures (words-graphics-sound), and shapes (books-blogs-
posts-tweets-open letters) has appeared like a movement.
Writing is a promise, It is a promise to deliver not just pleasure, information, or inspiration; it is a promise
to care. Writing can be intrusive (侵扰的). It can even be rude, as Joan Didion puts it in her essay Why I Write.
The readers are the victims of the writer’s thoughts and views. But that’s how writers challenge the readers to
think, look around and push back.
Even after we have managed to ease the disciplinary demands of good literature, it still wouldn’t take the
pain away from writing because thinking is the pain point of writing. We have to make things up or think about
things we see. One could be as local, raw, and not remain preoccupied with presenting a stylized piece of sentence
and still find a platform to write. But let us ensure we don’t ever give up thinking and never make writing
completely painless.
1．What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1?
A．Writing has become more popular.
B．People no longer enjoy reading books.
C．Readers are uninterested in others’ reading lists.
D．Listing self-authored articles is a new form of social networking.
2．How has technology influenced writing?
A．It has made writing more structured and formal.
B．It has strengthened the bonds between writing and art.
C．It has made writing more accessible and diverse.
D．It has decreased the number of professional writers.
3．What is the ultimate purpose of writing according to Joan Didion?
A．To entertain and amuse readers.
B．To deliver the latest information.
C．To impress readers with literary skills.
D．To inspire readers to form new thoughts.
4．What does the author expect of writing?
A．The challenges of thinking should be valued.
B．There will be various platforms to choose from.
C．There will be more works focusing on pain in life.
D．The disciplinary demands of good literature will stay.
5．Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A．The relationship between reading and writing.
B．The influence of technology on writing.
C．The various forms and trends of modern writing.
D．The reasons and nature of writing in modern society.
8
In the early 2000s, Merlin Mann, a Web designer and devoted Macintosh enthusiast, was working as a
freelance (自由职业的) project manager for software companies. He had held similar roles for years, so he knew
the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the
mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling
conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages.
Mann wasn’t alone in his frustration. Work lives that had once been orderly — two or three blocks of work,
broken up by meetings and phone calls — became wildly busy, unplanned, and impossibly overloaded. “E-mail is
a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period.
Things have not since changed much. Most of us are not our own bosses, and therefore lack the ability to
dramatically rebuild the structure of our work responsibilities, but imagine if, through some combination of new
management thinking and technology, we could introduce processes that minimize the time required to talk about
work or fight off random tasks thrown our way by equally stressed co-workers, and instead let us organize our
days around a small number of separate and specific objectives. This vision is attractive, but it cannot be realized
by individual actions alone. It will require management intervention.
Up until now, there has been little will to shift the responsibility for productivity from the person to the
organization. Most knowledge-work companies have been more focused on keeping up with technological
breakthroughs that might open up new markets, without addressing the fundamental issues that underlie
workplace inefficiency. To get more done, it’s been sufficient to simply encourage employees to work harder.
Laptops and smartphones helped these efforts by enabling office workers to find extra hours in the day to get
things done, providing a productivity balance against the inefficiencies of overload culture.
It seems likely that any successful effort to reform professional life must start by making it easier to figure
out who is working on what, and how it’s going. Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid
exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for
everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture.
Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use
virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned
under a column indicating its status. With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your
team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup,
improvement becomes possible.
1．What does the author try to illustrate with the example of Merlin Mann?
A．More and more people have started to hop from one job to another.
B．Creative design is very demanding mentally when done individually.
C．Too many job responsibilities to perform could make people depressed.
D．Small tasks could emerge at random to keep people disorganized at work.
2．What is the author’s view of email use in the workplace?
A．It helps employees keep track of the work that has been piled up.
B．It contributes to the difficulty and inefficiency of task management.
C．It facilitates emotional support in times of uncertainty and anxiety.
D．It provides an opportunity for employees to communicate informally.
3．What change does the author try to introduce in the workplace?
A．Enhancing work flow with the aid of technology.
B．Reducing workload and lowering the stress level.
C．Setting distinct attainable goals for individuals.
D．Redistributing work duties among employees.
4．What can be inferred about the system the author suggests?
A．New software can help to hire workers from outside.
B．Teamwork will become easier with a big picture.
C．Division of labor will be negotiated within a team.
D．Virtual reality can help to do on-the-job training.
9
It’s been quite a while since the world saw exactly how deadly these deep-sea voyages can be. On June
18,2023, the private submersible(潜水船)Titan carried five men on a mission to view the remains of the Titanic,
which is about 400 miles off the coast of Newfoundland. The dive was expected to take a few hours and reach a
depth of more than 12,000 feet. But 105minutes after the Titan went down below the waves, it lost contact.
The U. S. and Canadian Coast Guards and the U. S. Navy were called in for a desperate search to rescue the
passengers, only to discover the Titan had collapsed inward with no survivors. The disaster dominated global
news for weeks, touching off debates: Are human-led deep-sea missions worth their risks and costs?
On social media, some expressed sympathy, while others opposed the effort. Critics labeled the passengers
“risk-takers” or “senseless,” and journalists strongly criticised the media focus on wealthy explorers instead of
700 drowned victims in the Aegean Sea. The obloquy continues today—I’ve been targeted myself.
For a decade, I’ve supported undersea exploration, arguing its importance. Critics object that remotely
operated machines make human missions unnecessary. Why dive deep when we can study hidden secrets in high-
definition from safe offices?
Yet I defend humanity’s drive to explore—the hands-on, unpredictable pursuit that sent us to the moon and
across oceans. Without such exploration, scientists can’t confirm theories; nor can journalists share real stories.
Through many attempts and mistakes, I’ve learned: To truly describe a subject, you must encounter it. Discovery
requires being present.
The path to knowledge is challenging, filled with setbacks and failures. It’s costly and often unrewarding,
but that’s exactly why it matters. Trying various approaches—even following uncertain clues—is crucial to
discovery. We lose something vital if we abandon the courage to go deep.
1．What was the initial purpose of the Titan’s mission?
A．To test an underwater vehicle.
B．To study undersea creatures.
C．To rescue Aegean Sea victims.
D．To observe the ruins of a ship.
2．What does the underlined word “obloquy” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The occurrence of drowning.
B．The criticism from the society.
C．The debate among journalists.
D．The focus on wealthy explorers.
3．How does the author defend the value of deep-sea exploration?
A．By quoting famous scientists.
B．By listing undersea discoveries.
C．By weighing the risks and significance.
D．By emphasizing its economic benefits.
4．What is essential for discovery according to the author?
A．Media coverage.
B．Pure imagination.
C．Secured environment.
D．Direct involvement.
10
A 16th-century painting, Madonna and Child by Venetian artist Antonio Solario, has become the focus of an
international legal battle after resurfacing in Britain. Stolen in 1973 from a museum in Belluno, Italy, the artwork
was recovered in Austria alongside other stolen pieces but later acquired by Barbara De Dozsa, a British woman,
whose late husband purchased it “in good faith” that year.
De Dozsa refuses to return the painting, citing Britain’s Limitation Act 1980, which ensures legal
ownership to buyers of stolen goods if purchased innocently and held for over six years. However, Italian
authorities and art lawyer Christopher Marinello argue the work remains stolen property. The painting was
identified in 2017 when De Dozsa attempted to auction (拍卖) it, drawing special attention from Inter-police and
Italian police databases. Due to the delays for some unstoppable reason, Italy missed the deadline to submit legal
documents, leading British police to return the painting to De Dozsa in 2020.
Marinello, founder of Art Recovery International, insists the museum keeps legal ownership, stressing that
British police clearly denied transferring title to De Dozsa. The Belluno museum’s Carlo Cavalli stressed this
position again, stating possession does not equal to ownership.
De Dozsa claims financial burdens to contest the case, including $6,000 in legal fees and insurance costs,
but Marinello contradicts that the painting’s value ($60,000–$80,000) and illegal status render it unsellable.
British police cited Italy’s delayed response as a good reason for releasing the artwork to her.
The case underscores tensions between legal technical details and ethical obligations in art ownership.
Solario, active in Italy and possibly England, has works displayed in London’s National Gallery, highlighting the
cultural significance of reclaiming lost heritage. As legal efforts continue, the dispute remains unresolved, testing
international diplomatic manners for recovering stolen art.
1．What happened to the painting Madonna and Child?
A．It was sold in 1973.
B．It was found in Italy.
C．It was stolen in Austria.
D．It was auctioned in 2020.
2．What empowers De Dozsa to defend her legal ownership?
A．The painting’s high restoration cost.
B．The Limitation Act 1980 in British law.
C．The museum’s failure to report the theft timely.
D．Her late husband’s preference as an art collector.
3．According to Marinello, why can’t De Dozsa sell the painting?
A．It remains stolen property under law.
B．Its market value is too low to attract buyers.
C．British police ban any auction of the artwork.
D．The museum has already reclaimed it through legal means.
4．What is the best title of the passage?
A．The Challenges of Art Heritage Preservation
B．A Stolen Painting’s Recovery Through Europe
C．Ownership Dispute Under Different Legal Systems
D．A legal Battle Over a 16th-Century Stolen Masterpiece
11
Miami saltwater recreational fishing is a big part of Florida’s tourist economy. Fishing enthusiasts take
more than 40 million saltwater fishing trips each year in Florida in hopes of getting a grouper (石斑鱼), snapper
or mahi mahi. But strict regulations on seasons and the species that can be taken mean that more than half of the
fish caught on a typical trip are returned to the water. Fishing guides and marine fisheries officials are spreading
the word how to make sure the fish that are released live to fight another day.
University of Florida marine fisheries specialist Angela Collins says when reef ( 珊瑚礁) fish that spend
their time in deep water are brought to the surface, the gases in their bodies expand, sometimes greatly. They can
experience barotrauma. “That’s when you see the fish’s eyes sticking out of its head or its stomach popping out of
its mouth,” Collins says. “That obviously can be harmful to the fish, in some cases fatal.”
People who fish in Florida are now required to have long needles on board to help reef fish release the
pressure. But it’s also important to attach something called a descending ( 下降)tool to the fish. It’s a weight
attaching to the fish’s lower lip before lowering it slowly back into the water. “This just shoots it down really
fast,” Collins says. “It’s closed until this gets to 100 feet. And it pops open. And that just basically lets the fish
swim off.”
Conn has operated party boats out of Miami for more than 40 years. Saltwater recreational fishing has
changed a lot during that time. “It used to be about killing a lot of fish.” But then he says, “Regulations came in.
Some folks didn’t fish as much when they weren’t able to come home with as many fish.” Now, he says, some
come out for a day on the water, to be with their friends and to maybe come home with a fish. Conn says, “It’s
fishing just for what it is, it’s about the experience.”
1．What does the underlined word “barotrauma” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?
A．An injury caused by water.
B．A life-threatening situation.
C．A rare chance in life.
D．An expansion of the species.
2．Why was a descending tool attached to the released fish?
A．To release the pressure for it.
B．To take a good use of the tool.
C．To help it sink to the bottom more slowly.
D．To get it back down to its habitat rapidly.
3．What is the most probable cause for the change of Miami saltwater recreational fishing?
A．Killing fish is out of fashion.
B．Strict rules have been issued.
C．Interest in fishing is growing.
D．Fishing industry is on the decline.
4．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．When to Return Reef Fish to the Sea
B．What to Do with Young Fish in the Sea
C．How to Make Sure Released Reef Fish Survive
D．How to Promote Saltwater Recreational Fishing
12
Last December, researchers at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)had made a breakthrough in fusion (核聚
变)energy, the same chemical process that powers the stars and our sun. They had succeeded in producing the first
laboratory fusion reaction that produces more energy than it takes to cause the reaction. It made headlines around
the world.
At extremely high temperatures and pressure, the atoms break into their components — nuclei ( 原子核)
and electrons. This kind of positive nuclei and negative electrons is referred to as plasma ( 等离子体). It is
considered the fourth state of matter, the other three being solid, liquid and gas. Fusion is a process that takes
place in the plasma state. The process of fusion produces a huge amount of energy which, in turn, causes further
fusion reactions.
Our sun is incredibly efficient in producing fusion energy; its huge mass creates the pressure and
temperatures needed to keep the reaction going. Earth can’t recreate the high pressure and temperature conditions
of the sun, so scientists must find techniques in laboratories to start the reaction.
The NIF experiment successfully proved that fusion isn’t just a theoretical concept: we are able to create an
energy source that is self-sustaining. Fusion also has the advantage — it does not cause radioactive waste.
However, despite billions of dollars of government funding put into fusion research, we are still decades
away from fusion-produced electricity. Humans have produced fusion reactions in the past, with nuclear bombs.
But in bombs, the energy is released too quickly. Scientists will need to figure out how to release energy in a
controlled and consistent manner for regular use.
Even if we can overcome challenges in the development, will fusion be able to compete with solar and
wind power for cost and availability? The future of fusion may not be clear at the moment, but it is truly brilliant
for science and society to see the power of the sun come to life in a lab setting.
1．What facts have we learned about the first laboratory fusion reaction?
A．It was a big success.
B．It escaped public attention.
C．It produced less energy than expected.
D．It introduced the fourth state of matter.
2．What is a big advantage of fusion energy?
A．It depends on the sun.
B．It can be clean energy.
C．It is an unexpected energy source.
D．It works under normal conditions.
3．What can be implied about producing fusion energy in paragraph 5?
A．It faces some challenges now.
B．It isn’t supported by governments.
C．It may cause very dangerous consequences.
D．It cannot compete with solar and wind power.
4．Which statement would the author most likely agree with?
A．The future of fusion is clear and bright.
B．Fusion energy will be the main energy one day.
C．The present achievements in fusion energy are remarkable.
D．The experimental techniques are essential to producing fusion energy.
