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译林版选必 B1U4 Wordlist Page 104 右边词汇讲解(详解版)

译林版选必 B1U4 Wordlist Page 104 右边词汇讲解(详解版)

译林版选必 B1U4 Wordlist Page 104 右边词汇讲解(详解版)

40.*sigh/saɪ/ n. & vi. 叹气,叹息(50)

41.hence/hens/ adv. 因此,由此(50)

42.dare/deə(r)/ vi. & vt. 敢于,胆敢;(某人做某事)(53)

43.*dweller/ˈdwelə(r)/ n. 居民,居住者(53)

44.striking/ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ adj.引人注目的,显著的;妩媚动人的,标致的(53)

45.characterize/ˈkærəktəraɪz/( also characterise)vt. 是…的特征,以…为典型;使…具有特点;描述,刻画 (53)

46.Confucianism/kənˈfju:ʃənɪzəm/ n. 儒家,儒学,孔子学说(53)

47.*Taoism/ˈtaʊɪzəm; ˈdaʊɪzəm/ n. 道教,道家 (53)

48.*legend/ˈledʒənd/ n. 传奇故事;传奇人物(53)

49.encounter/ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt. 偶然碰到,意外地遇见;遭遇,碰到n.相遇,遭遇,冲突(53)

50.*nourish/ˈnʌrɪʃ/ vt. 培养,助长;抚养,滋养 (53)

51.numerous/ˈnjuːmərəs/ adj. 众多的,许多的 (53)

52.*glorious/ˈɡlɔːriəs/ adj. 荣耀的,光荣的;壮丽的,辉煌的(53)

53.*boom/buːm/ n.(贸易和经济活动的)激增,繁荣vi.迅速发展,激增,繁荣昌盛(54)

54.stability/stəˈbɪləti/ n.稳定(),稳固() (54)

55.tolerant/ˈtɒlərənt/ adj.容忍的;能耐…的 (54)

56.liberty/ˈlɪbəti/ n. 自由(54)

57.*unconstrained/ˌʌnkənˈstreɪnd/ adj. 不受约束的,自由的(54)

58.vitality/vaɪˈtæləti/ n. 生命力,活力,热情 (54)

59.distinguish/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ vt. & vi. 成为…的特征,使有别于;区分,辨别;认出;使出众 (54)

60.*exaggeration/ɪɡˌzædʒəˈreɪʃn/ n. 夸张,夸大 (54)

61.*metaphor/ˈmetəfə(r)/ n.暗喻,隐喻(54)

62.representative/ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/ adj.典型的,有代表性的n.典型人物,代表性人物;代表 (54)

40. *sigh /saɪ/ n. & vi. 叹气,叹息 (50)

常用词性词形变化

过去式/过去分词:sighed

动名词/现在分词:sighing

名词复数:sighs

常用短语

breathe a sigh of relief 松了口气

heave a sigh 长叹一声

sigh deeply 深深叹气

a collective sigh 集体叹息

sigh for 为……叹息

常用句式

She let out a long, weary sigh and rested her head on the back of the chair, utterly exhausted. 

她发出了一声长长的疲惫叹息,把头靠在椅背上,累得精疲力尽。

The whole class sighed with relief when the teacher announced that the exam had been postponed. 

老师宣布考试延期的时候,全班都松了一口气。

He looked out the window and sighed, as if the weight of all his unsaid words was pressing against his chest. 

他望向窗外,叹了口气,仿佛所有未说出口的话的重量都在挤压着他的胸膛。

关联词

groan(呻吟),moan(呻吟),whisper(低语),exhale(呼气)

特别注意点

sigh 既可作名词也可作不及物动词(也可接直接引语,如Not again, she sighed.)。

breathe a sigh of relief是固定短语,表示“松了口气、放下心来”。

作文写作可用句式

The old man heaved a gentle sigh as he closed the worn photograph album  a sigh that seemed to carry within it the fragrance of long-gone summers and the quiet acceptance of time’s unstoppable flow. 

老人合上那本磨损的相册时轻轻叹了口气——那叹息似乎承载着久远夏日的芬芳,以及对时间不可阻挡流逝的默默接受。

41. hence /hens/ adv. 因此,由此 (50)

常用短语

and hence 因此

hence the need for 因此需要……

a month hence 从现在起一个月后

常用句式

The region’s soil is extremely poor in nutrients, hence the difficulty of growing crops there. 

该地区的土壤极其缺乏养分,因此在那里种植作物十分困难。

He spent his childhood living in several different countries, hence his ability to speak three languages fluently. 

他童年时在好几个不同的国家生活过,因此他能流利地说三种语言。

The project is due to be completed two months hence, so we need to work efficiently. 

项目预计两个月后完成,因此我们需要高效工作。

关联词

therefore(因此),thus(因而),consequently(因此),as a result(结果)

特别注意点

hence 是正式用词,常用于书面语。

hence 后可直接跟名词短语(如 hence the name/problem),这是它的特色用法。

口语中多用 so  that’s why 代替hence

作文写作可用句式

The forests act as the planet’s lungs, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen; hence the protection of these ecosystems is not a matter of choice but of survival. 

森林充当着地球之肺,吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气;因此,保护这些生态系统并非一个可有可无的选择,而是攸关生存之事。

42. dare /deə(r)/ vi. & vt. 敢于,胆敢;激(某人做某事)(53)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:daring(勇敢的,大胆的)

名词:daredevil(鲁莽大胆的人)

过去式/过去分词:dared

常用短语

dare (to) do sth 敢于做某事

how dare you 你竟敢,你好大的胆子

don’t you dare 你敢……试试,你休敢

I dare say 我敢说,我推测

dare sb to do sth 激某人做某事

常用句式

She didn’t dare to open the letter, fearing what terrible news it might contain. 

她不敢打开那封信,害怕里面会有什么可怕的消息。

Most people wouldn’t dare to walk alone through that forest at night, but the old ranger does it every evening. 

大多数人都不敢夜里独自穿过那片森林,但那位老护林员每晚都这么做。

He was dared by his classmates to knock on the abandoned house’s front door, and, not wanting to look afraid, he accepted. 

他被同学们激着去敲那座废弃房子的前门,因为不想显得胆怯,他接受了。

关联词

venture(敢于,冒险),risk(冒险),challenge(挑战),defy(违抗,藐视)

特别注意点

dare 既可作普通实义动词(dare to do,否定和疑问需用助动词 do),也可作情态动词(dare do,否定为 daren’t do,多见于英式英语)

how dare you  don’t you dare 是固定表达,带有强烈的情绪.

I dare say 是英式口语中常见的插入语,意为“我想/我揣测”.

作文写作可用句式

The greatest achievements in history were not made by those who played it safe, but by those who dared to imagine that the world could be different and then set out to make it so. 

历史上最伟大的成就并非由那些求稳的人所取得,而是由那些敢于想象世界可以不同、并继而着手实现它的人所创造。

43. *dweller /ˈdwelə(r)/ n. 居民,居住者 (53)

常用词性词形变化

动词:dwell(居住,栖身)

名词:dwelling(住处,住所),dweller(居民)

常用短语

city dweller 城市居民

forest dweller 森林居民

apartment dweller 公寓住户

cave dweller 穴居者

an urban dweller 城市居民

常用句式

As a lifelong city dweller, the sound of roosters crowing at dawn was something she found utterly exotic. 

作为一个一辈子生活在城市里的居民,黎明鸡叫的声音对她来说完全是异域风情。

The wetlands are home to a secret community of dwellers who live on houseboats and travel everywhere by narrow canal. 

那片湿地是一个隐秘居民社群的栖息地,他们住在船屋里,去哪都靠狭窄的运河通行。

Deep in the mountains, the cave dwellers carved their homes directly into the sandstone cliffs centuries ago. 

在大山深处,穴居者们在几个世纪前直接在砂岩峭壁上凿出了他们的家。

关联词

inhabitant(居民),resident(住户,居民),occupant(居住者,占用者),settler(定居者)

特别注意点

dweller 由动词dwell + 后缀 -er 构成,表示“居住在……的人”。

常与其他名词连用构成复合名词,如 city dweller, apartment dweller

dwell 的过去式和过去分词为 dwelt  dwelled

作文写作可用句式

Having grown up as a mountain village dweller, I find that the memory of misty mornings and the sound of wind through pine trees is so deeply etched into my soul that no city skyline can ever truly feel like home. 

作为一个在山村长大的居民,我发现那些雾蒙蒙的清晨和风穿过松林的声响是如此深深地镌刻在我灵魂中,以至于任何城市的天际线都无法真正给我家的感觉。

44. striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ adj. 引人注目的,显著的;妩媚动人的,标致的 (53)

常用词性词形变化

动词:strike(打,撞击;给……以印象)

副词:strikingly(显著地,惊人地)

名词:strikingness(显著,惊人)

常用短语

a striking resemblance 惊人的相似

a striking contrast 鲜明的对比

a striking feature 显著的特征

strikingly beautiful 惊艳的美丽

常用句式

The two paintings hanging side by side formed a striking contrast  one dark and brooding, the other ablaze with colour. 

并排悬挂的两幅画形成了鲜明的对比——一幅阴沉晦暗,另一幅则色彩斑斓。

She has a striking face that you would never forget once you had seen it, with sharp cheekbones and eyes that seemed to see right through you. 

她长着一张你一旦见过就绝不会忘记的标致面孔,颧骨分明,一双眼睛仿佛能把你看穿。

There is a striking similarity between the architectural styles of these two cities, despite the thousands of miles that separate them. 

尽管两座城市相隔数千英里,它们的建筑风格却有惊人的相似之处。

关联词

noticeable(显著的),remarkable(非凡的),impressive(令人印象深刻的),conspicuous(显眼的)

特别注意点

striking 源自strike 的现在分词,本义为“打击的”,引申为“引人注目的”因为其特点如同“击中”观察者。

strikingly 是副词,常修饰形容词,如strikingly beautiful, strikingly similar

a striking contrast 是高频搭配。

作文写作可用句式

The most striking aspect of the ancient temple was not its size or its intricate carvings, but the profound silence that seemed to envelop it  a silence so deep that it felt almost sacred. 

那座古寺最引人注目的地方并非其规模或精美的雕刻,而是环绕着它的那股深沉的寂静——一种深邃得几乎令人感到神圣的寂静。

45. characterize /ˈkærəktəraɪz/ (also characterise) vt. 是……的特征,以……为典型;使……具有特点;描述,刻画 (53)

常用词性词形变化

名词:character(性格,特征;角色),characterization(刻画,描述),characteristic(特征,特点)

形容词:characteristic(典型的,独特的)

过去式/过去分词:characterized

常用短语

be characterized by 以……为特征

characterize  as 把……描述/刻画为……

characterize the relationship 描述这种关系

常用句式

The region is characterized by long, harsh winters and short, intense summers. 

该地区以漫长严酷的冬季和短暂炎热的夏季为特征。

The artist’s late work is characterized by a use of bright, almost clashing colours that had not appeared in his earlier pieces. 

这位艺术家晚期的作品以使用明亮甚至近乎冲突的色彩为特征,这在他早期的作品中是没有出现过的。

The media has characterized the protests as a sign of growing dissatisfaction with the government. 

媒体将那些抗议活动描述为民众对政府日益不满的一种表现。

关联词

describe(描述),define(给……下定义),portray(描绘),typify(是……的典型)

特别注意点

characterize 常用被动语态:be characterized by

characterize  as 是固定结构,表示“把……刻画/描述为……”。

英式拼写也可写为characterise

作文写作可用句式

The early years of the twenty-first century are characterized by a deep paradox: unprecedented technological interconnectedness existing alongside a growing sense of personal isolation and loneliness. 

二十一世纪初期以深刻的悖论为特征:前所未有的技术互联与日益增长的个人隔绝感和孤独并存。

46. Confucianism /kənˈfjuːʃənɪzəm/ n. 儒家,儒学,孔子学说 (53)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:Confucian(儒家的,儒学的)

名词:Confucianist(儒家学者,儒学信徒)

常用短语

the teachings of Confucianism 孔子的教诲

Confucianism philosophy 儒家哲学

influenced by Confucianism 受儒家思想影响

classical Confucianism 古典儒学

常用句式

Confucianism has had a profound and lasting influence on the social structures and ethical values of many East Asian societies. 

儒家思想对许多东亚社会的社会结构和伦理价值观产生了深远而持久的影响。

The core principles of Confucianism, including respect for elders and the importance of filial piety, continue to shape family life today. 

儒家的核心原则,包括尊重长辈和孝道的重要性,至今仍在塑造家庭生活。

Scholars have studied how Confucianism and Western political thought might complement each other in the modern world. 

学者们一直在研究儒家思想与西方政治思想在当今世界如何能够相互补充。

关联词

Taoism(道家),Buddhism(佛教),philosophy(哲学),ethics(伦理)

特别注意点

Confucianism Confucius(孔子)+ -anism(学说/主义)构成,这个词通常不可数,首字母大写。

Confucian 是形容词,如Confucian values(儒家价值观)。

作文写作可用句式

Confucianism teaches that harmony does not come from everyone being the same, but from each person fulfilling their proper role within the community with sincerity and compassion. 

儒家教导我们,和谐并非来自人人都相同,而是源于每个人在社群中以真诚和仁爱之心履行自己应有的角色。

47. *Taoism /ˈtaʊɪzəm; ˈdaʊɪzəm/ n. 道教,道家 (53)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:Taoist(道教的,道家的)

名词:Taoist(道教信徒)

常用短语

the principles of Taoism 道教的教义

Taoism philosophy 道家哲学

a follower of Taoism 道教的追随者

常用句式

Taoism emphasises living in harmony with the natural flow of the universe, known as the Tao. 

道家强调与宇宙的自然流动(即“道”)和谐相处。

The concept of yin and yang, fundamental to Taoism, represents the interplay of opposing forces that create balance in all things. 

作为道家思想基础的阴阳概念,代表了在万物中创造平衡的对立力量的相互作用。

Unlike some philosophical systems that stress rigid rules, Taoism encourages a flexible and spontaneous way of living. 

与一些强调死板规则的哲学体系不同,道家鼓励灵活而顺应自然的生活方式。

关联词

Confucianism(儒家),Buddhism(佛教),philosophy(哲学),harmony(和谐)

特别注意点

Taoism 有两种常见发音:/ˈtaʊɪzəm/ /ˈdaʊɪzəm/

Taoist 可作形容词(Taoist principles)或名词(a devout Taoist)。

作文写作可用句式

The wisdom of Taoism lies in its gentle reminder that, just as a river reaches its destination not by pushing but by flowing, so too do our lives unfold most beautifully when we learn to move with rather than against the currents of existence. 

道家的智慧在于它温和地提醒我们,正如江河不是靠推挤而是靠流淌才能到达目的地,我们的生活也因学会顺随而非违逆存在的潮流而展开得最为美丽。

48. *legend /ˈledʒənd/ n. 传奇故事;传奇人物 (53)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:legendary(传奇的,大名鼎鼎的)

名词复数:legends

常用短语

a living legend 活着的传奇

local legend 当地的传说

become a legend 成为传奇

according to legend 根据传说

legendary status 传奇地位

Legend has it that+从句

常用句式

According to legend, a great dragon once lived in this very cave, guarding a treasure that no one has ever found. 

根据传说,曾经有一条巨龙就住在这个洞穴中,守护着一批至今无人找到的宝藏。

The old musician had long since become a legend in the city, his name spoken with reverence by every aspiring guitarist. 

那位老音乐家早已成为这座城市里的传奇人物,他的名字被每一个怀抱梦想的吉他手怀着敬意提起。

The story of her incredible survival, swimming for hours through icy water to reach the shore, quickly became a local legend. 

她在冰冷的海水中游了数小时才抵达岸边、最终奇迹般生还的故事,很快就成了一个当地的传奇。

关联词

myth(神话),tale(故事),fable(寓言),icon(偶像,标志性人物)

特别注意点

legend 既可指流传下来的“传说故事”,也可指当代的“传奇人物”。

legendary 是形容词,表示“非常有名的、传奇式的”。

a living legend 是常用表达,意为“活着的传奇”。

作文写作可用句式

My grandfather was no public hero whose name graced the pages of history books, but within the small world of our family, his quiet courage and boundless generosity had made him a legend whose stories we would pass down through the generations. 

我的祖父并非名留青史的公众英雄,但在我们家小小的世界里,他沉静的勇气和无尽的慷慨已使他成为一个传奇,他的故事我们将代代相传。

Legend has it (that) the lake was formed by the tears of a god.

传说这个湖是神的眼泪形成的。

49. encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt. 偶然碰到,意外地遇见;遭遇,碰到 n. 相遇,遭遇,冲突 (53)

常用词性词形变化

过去式/过去分词:encountered

名词复数:encounters

常用短语

encounter difficulties 遇到困难

a chance encounter 偶然的相遇

a close encounter 近距离接触

encounter resistance 遭遇抵抗

encounter sb for the first time 初次遇见某人

常用句式

On her way through the forest, she encountered a young deer that stood frozen in the path, staring at her with dark, curious eyes. 

在穿过森林的路上,她偶然遇见了一只小鹿,它定定地站在小路上,用一双乌黑的好奇眼睛盯着她。

The expedition team encountered severe weather conditions that forced them to abandon their original plan. 

探险队遭遇了恶劣的天气,迫使他们放弃了原定计划。

My first encounter with the music of Chopin took place in my grandmothers sitting room, and its haunting beauty has never left me. 

我与肖邦音乐的初次邂逅发生在祖母的客厅里,它那令人萦怀的美从此再未离开过我。

关联词

meet(遇见),come across(偶遇),confront(遭遇,面对),run into(偶然碰见)

特别注意点

encounter 作动词时是及物动词,直接接宾语。

encounter 作名词时的搭配:an encounter with sb/sth / a chance encounter

语气比 meet 更正式,常暗示“意外或困难的遭遇”。

作文写作可用句式

Life-changing moments often arrive not with fanfare and announcement, but in the quiet encounter  a stranger’s kind word on a train, a book that falls open to exactly the page you need, a sunset that catches you just when you had forgotten how to hope. 

改变人生的时刻往往并非伴随着喧天鼓乐而来,而是蕴于那安静的不期而遇之中——火车上陌生人一句善意的话,一本书恰好翻到你最需要的那一页,落日在你几乎忘记了如何去希望的那一刻忽然攫住你的心神。

50. *nourish /ˈnʌrɪʃ/ vt. 培养,助长;抚养,滋养 (53)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:nourishing(有营养的,滋养的)

名词:nourishment(营养,滋养;精神食粮)

常用短语

nourish the body 滋养身体

nourish the soul 滋润心灵

nourish a dream 培育一个梦想

nourish an ambition 助长抱负

be nourished by 被……所滋养

常用句式

A simple bowl of homemade soup can nourish not just the body but also the weary spirit. 

一碗简单的家常汤不仅能滋养身体,也能抚慰疲惫的心灵。

She had nourished the dream of becoming a writer ever since she was a little girl scribbling stories in a tattered notebook. 

从她还是个在破旧笔记本上乱涂乱写故事的小女孩起,她就一直培育着成为一名作家的梦想。

The artist drew inspiration from the rugged landscape that had nourished his creativity throughout his life. 

那位艺术家从那片曾滋养他一生创造力的崎岖地貌中汲取着灵感。

关联词

feed(喂养),sustain(维持,支撑),foster(培养,促进),cultivate(培育)

特别注意点

nourish 既可用于具体的“喂养、滋养”,也可用于抽象的“培养、助长”(如理想、希望等)

nourishing 是形容词,形容食物“有营养的”。

nourishment 是不可数名词,指“营养、滋养”。

作文写作可用句式

I have come to believe that the books we read in childhood nourish us in ways we cannot fully understand until decades later, when a line of poetry or a fragment of a story suddenly resurfaces to steady us in a moment of need. 

我渐渐相信,我们在童年时读过的那些书以无法完全理解的方式滋养着我们,直到几十年后,在一行诗或一段故事的片段突然重新浮现、于我们脆弱时支撑住我们的时候才明白。

51. numerous /ˈnjuːmərəs/ adj. 众多的,许多的 (53)

常用词性词形变化

名词:numerousness(众多,大量)

副词:numerously(大量地,众多地)

常用短语

on numerous occasions 无数次,多次

numerous studies 大量研究

too numerous to list 多得无法一一列举

numerous reasons 诸多原因

常用句式

She tried to contact him on numerous occasions, but every call went unanswered. 

她无数次尝试联系他,但每次电话都无人接听。

There are numerous ways to solve this puzzle, each one revealing a different aspect of the problem. 

这道谜题有多种解法,每一种都能揭示出问题的不同侧面。

Numerous studies have shown that regular physical exercise is one of the most effective ways to reduce stress. 

大量研究已经表明,规律的体育锻炼是减轻压力最有效的方法之一。

关联词

many(许多的),countless(数不清的),abundant(丰富的),plentiful(充足的)

特别注意点

numerous 只能用于修饰复数可数名词,不可修饰不可数名词。

 many 的区别:numerous 语气更正式,强调“数目极多、不可胜数”。

可用too numerous to count/list/mention等结构。

作文写作可用句式

The path to mastering any skill is marked not by a single dramatic breakthrough, but by numerous small improvements made consistently day after day invisible to the outside world, yet accumulating like snowflakes into an avalanche. 

通向精通任何技能的道路,标志它的并非某一次戏剧性的突破,而是日复一日持续做出的无数次微小改进——外界看不见它们,但它们却像雪片般聚积成雪崩。

52. *glorious /ˈɡlɔːriəs/ adj. 荣耀的,光荣的;壮丽的,辉煌的 (53)

常用词性词形变化

名词:glory(荣耀,壮丽)

副词:gloriously(壮丽地,辉煌地)

常用短语

a glorious victory 辉煌的胜利

glorious sunshine 灿烂的阳光

a glorious view 壮丽的景色

a glorious tradition 光荣的传统

in glorious detail 以壮丽的细节

常用句式

From the summit, we were rewarded with a glorious view of the valley below, bathed in the golden light of the setting sun. 

从山顶上,我们得以将沐浴在落日金色光芒中的山谷壮丽景色尽收眼底,这真是大自然给我们的犒赏。

The morning broke with glorious sunshine, as if the weather itself were celebrating the occasion. 

清晨在灿烂的阳光中到来,仿佛连天气都在为这一时刻而庆祝。

The old soldier spoke of his comrades not with sadness but with pride, recalling their glorious deeds in battle. 

那位老兵谈起他的战友时没有悲伤,而是充满自豪,回忆着他们在战斗中的光荣事迹。

关联词

magnificent(壮丽的),splendid(辉煌的),majestic(庄严雄伟的),brilliant(灿烂的)

特别注意点

glorious 由名词glory + 形容词后缀 -ous 构成。

在口语中glorious 也可表示“极其愉快的”,如 a glorious holiday(极其愉快的假期)。

作文写作可用句式

There is something almost sacred about the glorious silence of a snow-covered world at dawn  a silence so complete and so pure that it seems to wash away every worry and fill the heart with quiet wonder. 

拂晓时分,白雪覆盖的世界那壮丽的寂静中,有着近乎神圣的东西——那寂静如此完整、如此纯粹,仿佛能洗去所有忧虑,让心中充满了无声的惊奇。

53. *boom /buːm/ n.(贸易和经济活动的)激增,繁荣 vi. 迅速发展,激增,繁荣昌盛 (54)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:booming(迅速发展的,繁荣的)

过去式/过去分词:boomed

常用短语

economic boom 经济繁荣

baby boom 婴儿潮

boom town 新兴繁荣城镇

boom and bust 繁荣与萧条交替

a booming voice 洪亮的声音

常用句式

The discovery of gold in the area triggered a massive economic boom that transformed the tiny village into a bustling city. 

该地区金矿的发现引发了大规模经济繁荣,把那个小村庄变成了一座熙熙攘攘的城市。

Online retail has boomed over the past few years, fundamentally changing the way people shop. 

网络零售在过去几年中迅速蓬勃发展,从根本上改变了人们的购物方式。

Welcome, friends! his deep voice boomed across the hall, instantly capturing everyones attention. 

“欢迎,朋友们!”他低沉洪亮的声音在大厅里回荡,立刻吸引了所有人的注意。

关联词

flourish(繁荣),thrive(兴旺),surge(飞速上涨),prosperity(繁荣)

特别注意点

boom既可作名词也可作动词,形容经济/商业的繁荣。

boom 也可指“发出低沉轰鸣声”,如 thunder boomed(雷声隆隆),a booming voice(洪亮的声音)。

boom and bust 是经济学中“繁荣与萧条交替循环”的常用表达。

作文写作可用句式

The economic boom brought gleaming skyscrapers to the city skyline, yet in its shadow, the humble teahouse where my grandfather once told me stories quietly disappeared  a reminder that not all that is valuable can be measured in numbers. 

经济繁荣给城市的天际线增添了闪闪发亮的摩天大楼,然而在其阴影中,祖父曾给我讲故事的那间简陋茶馆却悄然消失了——这提醒着我们,并非所有有价值的东西都可以用数字来衡量。

54. stability /stəˈbɪləti/ n. 稳定(性),稳固(性)(54)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:stable(稳定的),stabilized(稳定的)

动词:stabilize(使稳定)

名词:stabilization(稳定化)

常用短语

political stability 政治稳定

financial stability 财政稳定

bring stability to 给……带来稳定

a sense of stability 稳定感

stability and security 稳定与安全

常用句式

Children need emotional stability and a sense of security in order to develop healthy self-esteem. 

儿童需要情感的稳定和安全感才能培养出健康的自尊。

The governments top priority is to restore economic stability in the aftermath of the crisis. 

政府的当务之急是在危机过后恢复经济稳定。

After years of moving from place to place, she finally found a sense of stability in the small coastal community. 

在多年辗转各地之后,她终于在那个沿海小社区里找到了一份稳定感。

关联词

security(安全),consistency(一致性),balance(平衡),steadiness(平稳)

特别注意点

stability 由形容词stable 变音加名词后缀 -ity 构成(注音标中 i 读短音)。

反义词:instability(不稳定)。

a sense of stability 是心理语境中的常用搭配。

作文写作可用句式

True stability in life does not come from rigidly controlling every variable, but from the inner flexibility to adapt when the ground beneath our feet begins to shift. 

生活中真正的稳定并非来自死板地控制每一个变量,而是来自当脚下大地开始动摇时我们内心的适应灵活性。

55. tolerant /ˈtɒlərənt/ adj. 容忍的;能耐……的 (54)

常用词性词形变化

名词:tolerance(容忍,宽容;耐受性),toleration(容忍,宽容)

动词:tolerate(容忍,忍受)

副词:tolerantly(容忍地,宽容地)

常用短语

be tolerant of/towards 对……宽容/容忍

a tolerant society 宽容的社会

drought-tolerant plants 耐旱植物

shade-tolerant 耐阴的

tolerant attitude 宽容的态度

常用句式

A genuinely tolerant society is one that allows people to hold beliefs that differ from those of the majority. 

一个真正宽容的社会,是允许人们持有不同于多数人的信念的社会。

We need to be more tolerant of each other’s shortcomings if we are to build a harmonious working environment. 

如果我们要建立和谐的工作环境,就需要对彼此的缺点更宽容一些。

These plants are remarkably tolerant of poor soil and require very little attention. 

这些植物极其耐贫瘠的土壤,几乎不需要照料。

关联词

patient(耐心的),broad-minded(心胸开阔的),accepting(包容的),lenient(宽容的)

特别注意点

tolerant 常用结构:tolerant of/towards sb/sth

动词tolerate 后接名词或动名词。

tolerance(容忍,宽容;耐受性)和toleration(容忍,宽容)二者的区别:

tolerance 侧重于态度上的包容,如“对拐卖妇女的零容忍”zero tolerance for trafficking of women; 

tolerance还有“耐受性”的意思,如:tolerance to alcohol 对酒精的耐受性

toleration多用于政治、社会、宗教、习俗上的“忍受;包容”。如:宗教宽容religious toleration

作文写作可用句式

A truly tolerant person is not one who simply ignores what makes others different, but one who has the curiosity to understand and the generosity to welcome those differences. 

一个真正宽容的人,不是仅仅忽视他人的不同之处,而是有好奇心去理解、有胸怀去欢迎那些差异的人。

56. liberty /ˈlɪbəti/ n. 自由 (54)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:liberal(自由的,开明的),liberating(使人解放的)

动词:liberate(解放)

名词:liberation(解放),liberalism(自由主义)

常用短语

individual liberty 个人自由

take liberties with 肆意改动,随意处理

at liberty to do sth 有权做某事,可随意做某事

be deprived of one’s liberty 被剥夺自由

fight for liberty 为自由而战

Statue of Liberty 自由女神像

常用句式

Everyone has the right to personal liberty and should not be held against their will without a fair legal process. 

每个人都有个人自由的权利,不应在没有公正法律程序的情况下被违背意愿地关押。

The translator took a few liberties with the original text in order to make the meaning clearer to the modern reader. 

译者对原文做了一些灵活处理,以便让现代读者更清楚地理解其含义。

I am not at liberty to discuss the details of the case with anyone outside the investigation team. 

我无权与调查小组以外的任何人讨论此案的细节。

关联词

freedom(自由),independence(独立),autonomy(自主权),right(权利)

特别注意点

liberty freedom 在很大程度上可以互换,但 liberty更常用于法律和正式语境。

at liberty to do sth是正式表达,意为“被允许/有权做某事”。

take liberties with是习语,表示“随意改动、过于随意地对待”。

作文写作可用句式

The truest liberty is not the right to do whatever we please, but the freedom to become the best version of ourselves without fear of persecution or the weight of another’s chains. 

最真实的自由,不是随心所欲的权利,而是无需惧怕迫害、无需背负他人枷锁便能成为最好的自己。

57. *unconstrained /ˌʌnkənˈstreɪnd/ adj. 不受约束的,自由的 (54)

常用词性词形变化

动词:constrain(约束,限制)

形容词:constrained(受约束的,拘谨的)

名词:constraint(约束,限制)

副词:unconstrainedly(不受约束地,自由地)

常用短语

unconstrained by 不受……的约束

unconstrained freedom 毫不受限的自由

unconstrained imagination 不受拘束的想象力

常用句式

In her studio, surrounded by paint and canvas, she felt completely unconstrained by the rules and expectations of the outside world. 

在她的画室里,被颜料和画布所环绕,她感到完全不受外部世界规则和期望的约束。

The children ran across the open field unconstrained and full of joy, their laughter carried away by the wind. 

孩子们无拘无束、充满欢乐地跑过开阔的田野,他们的笑声被风带向远方。

An artist needs moments of unconstrained creativity when no thought is given to what others might think. 

艺术家需要不受约束的创作时刻,那时完全不去想别人会怎么想。

关联词

free(自由的),liberated(被解放的),unrestricted(不受限制的),unrestrained(不受束缚的)

特别注意点

unconstrainedconstrain 加否定前缀 un- 和形容词后缀 -ed 构成。

unconstrained 强调从外界限制或内在顾虑中解放出来的状态。

constrained 是其反义词,表示“受约束的、不自然的”。

作文写作可用句式

I have always envied the way young children draw  with an unconstrained abandon that cares nothing for proportion or realism, their crayons dancing across the paper in pure celebration of colour and joy. 

我一直羡慕小孩子画画的方式——那种不受拘束的放纵,毫不理会比例或写实,他们的蜡笔在纸上舞动,纯粹是在庆祝色彩与欢乐。

58. vitality /vaɪˈtæləti/ n. 生命力,活力,热情 (54)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:vital(生命的,至关重要的;充满活力的)

动词:vitalize(使有生命力,赋予生机)

副词:vitally(极其重要地;充满活力地)

常用短语

full of vitality 充满活力

lack vitality 缺乏活力

economic vitality 经济活力

bursting with vitality 洋溢着生命力

bring renewed vitality to 给……重新注入活力

常用句式

Despite her advanced age, she approached each new day with a vitality that would put people half her age to shame. 

尽管她年纪很大了,她面对每一天新生活的那种活力,足以让只有她一半岁数的人自愧不如。

The new museum has brought renewed cultural vitality to the old industrial district. 

新博物馆给那片老工业区重新注入了文化活力。

There was a sense of vitality in the air that spring morning  birds singing, trees bursting into leaf, and the sun spilling warmth over everything it touched. 

那个春日的早晨空气中有一种蓬勃的生命力——鸟儿鸣唱,树木迸发出新叶,阳光将温暖洒在它所触及的一切上。

关联词

energy(能量,活力),vigour(活力,精力),liveliness(活泼),dynamism(活力,动力)

特别注意点

vitality 由形容词vital + 名词后缀 -ity 构成。

vital 是形容词,表示“至关重要的”或“充满活力的”。

full of energy  full of vitality 意思相近,但vitality 更强调生命力本身。

作文写作可用句式

I have come to measure the vitality of a city not by the height of its skyscrapers or the speed of its traffic, but by the sound of children playing in its parks at dusk. 

我渐渐学会不以其摩天大楼的高度或交通速度来衡量一座城市的活力,而是以其黄昏时分公园里孩子们嬉戏的声音来衡量。

59. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ vt. & vi. 成为……的特征,使有别于;区分,辨别;认出;使出众 (54)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:distinguished(杰出的,著名的;高贵的),distinguishable(可区分的)

名词:distinction(区别;杰出,荣誉),distinguishing(区别)

过去式/过去分词:distinguished

常用短语

distinguish  from 把……与……区分开来

distinguish between A and B 区分 A  B

distinguish oneself 使自己出类拔萃,使自己著名

a distinguished career 杰出的事业

a distinguishing feature 区别性的特征

常用句式

It can be hard to distinguish genuine antique furniture from modern reproductions, especially if they have been artificially aged. 

很难区分真正的古董家具和现代仿制品,尤其是如果它们经过了人工做旧处理的话。

His ability to remain calm in a crisis is what truly distinguishes him as a leader. 

他在危机中保持冷静的能力,正是让他成为一名真正杰出领导者的特质。

She distinguished herself during the competition by delivering a performance that was both technically brilliant and deeply moving. 

她在比赛中献上了一场技术上出色、情感上动人的表演,由此使自己脱颖而出。

关联词

differentiate(区分),tell apart(分辨),identify(识别),characterize(是……的特征)

特别注意点

distinguish 用法有三:①区分/辨别(~ A from B / ~ between A and B)②使区别于(~ sb/sth from …)③使杰出(~ oneself)。

distinguished 在作形容词表示“杰出的”时,已脱离原动词含义。

tell apart 是口语化的“区分”,与distinguish 同义但更非正式。

作文写作可用句式

What distinguishes a truly great teacher from a merely competent one is not the depth of their subject knowledge, but their capacity to see the hidden spark in every student and to fan that spark into a steady flame. 

将真正伟大的教师与仅仅合格的教师区别开来的,不是他们学科知识的深度,而是他们看见每个学生身上隐藏火花并将其扇成稳定火焰的能力。

60. *exaggeration /ɪɡˌzædʒəˈreɪʃn/ n. 夸张,夸大 (54)

常用词性词形变化

动词:exaggerate(夸张,夸大)

形容词:exaggerated(夸张的,夸大的)

副词:exaggeratedly(夸张地)

常用短语

without exaggeration 毫不夸张地说

a gross exaggeration 严重的夸大

be no exaggeration to say 说……一点也不夸张

a slight exaggeration 一点点夸张

常用句式

It would be no exaggeration to say that her groundbreaking research changed the entire field. 

说她的开创性研究改变了整个领域一点也不夸张。

The newspaper’s account of the event was full of wild exaggerations and should be taken with a grain of salt. 

报纸对该事件的叙述充满了荒唐的夸张,不应全信。

I’ve told you a thousand times is just an exaggeration  he has probably told me only five or six times. 

“我跟你说过一千遍了”只是一种夸张——他可能只跟我说过五六遍。

关联词

overstatement(夸大其词),inflation(夸大),dramatization(戏剧化夸大),hyperbole(夸张法)

特别注意点

exaggeration 由动词exaggerate 加名词后缀 -ion 构成,拼写较长需注意。

常用句型:It is no exaggeration to say that …(说……一点也不夸张)

动词exaggerate 后接名词或 that 从句。

作文写作可用句式

It is no exaggeration to say that a single conversation, a single encounter, or a single book read at just the right moment can alter the entire course of a human life. 

毫不夸张地说,一次谈话、一次相遇,或是在刚好对的时间读到的一本书,都可以改变一个人一生的轨迹。

61. *metaphor /ˈmetəfə(r)/ n. 暗喻,隐喻(54)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:metaphorical(隐喻的,比喻的)

副词:metaphorically(隐喻地,比喻地)

常用短语

a powerful metaphor 强有力的隐喻

use a metaphor 使用暗喻

a metaphor for 是……的隐喻

be no mere metaphor 绝非仅仅是比喻

extended metaphor 扩展隐喻

常用句式

The poet uses the image of a caged bird as a powerful metaphor for the human longing for freedom. 

诗人以笼中鸟的意象作为人类对自由渴望的有力隐喻。

In her speech, she compared life to a river  a simple metaphor that everyone in the audience could connect with. 

在演讲中,她把人生比作一条河流——这是一个每个听众都能产生共鸣的简单隐喻。

The broken mirror served as a metaphor for their fractured relationship, each shard reflecting a different, distorted memory. 

那面破碎的镜子成为他们支离破碎关系的隐喻,每一片碎片都映出一个不同且扭曲的回忆。

关联词

simile(明喻),symbol(象征),analogy(类比),figure of speech(修辞手法)

特别注意点

metaphor 是暗喻,不出现 like  as 等标志词;simile 是明喻,通常用 like  as 连接。

metaphorical 是形容词,如 in a metaphorical sense(在比喻意义上)

metaphorically speaking 是常见插入语,意为“从比喻的角度来说”。

作文写作可用句式

For me, the old oak tree in our garden has always been a living metaphor for the wisdom of deep roots growing taller by reaching further into the soil of one’s own history and heritage. 

于我而言,花园里那棵老橡树一直是深根智慧的一个生动隐喻——越是向自身历史和传承的土壤深处扎得深远,便越能向高处生长。

62. representative /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/ adj. 典型的,有代表性的 n. 典型人物,代表性人物;代 (54)

常用词性词形变化

动词:represent(代表;表示)

名词:representation(代表;描绘),representative(代表)

常用短语

a representative sample 有代表性的样本

be representative of 代表……的,典型……的

sales representative 销售代表

elected representative 民选代表

the House of Representatives 众议院

常用句式

The opinions expressed in the survey are representative of the wider population. 

调查中表达的意见代表了更广大人群的看法。

She was chosen as the student representative to present the class’s concerns to the school board. 

她被选为学生代表,向校董会反映全班的关切。

Is this painting truly representative of the artist’s early style, or does it mark a departure from it? 

这幅画真的能代表那位艺术家早期的风格吗,还是标志着对早期风格的背离?

关联词

typical(典型的),characteristic(表示……特征的),delegate(代表),spokesperson(发言人)

特别注意点

representative作形容词时常用搭配:representative of sb/sth

representative 作名词可指各类“代表”(学生代表、销售代表、民选代表等)。

动词represent 的用法:represent sb/sth(代表某人/某物),represent  as …(把……描绘为……)

作文写作可用句式

A single flower is representative of an entire season; a single kindness, representative of an entire soul; and thus we should never underestimate the weight that one small gesture can carry. 

一朵花就代表了一整个季节;一次善举就代表了一整个灵魂;因此,我们绝不应低估一个小小姿态所能承载的分量。